1559 2863 gf1.gf1.1 2

The Journal of the
American Academy of Gold Foil Operators
Editorial Staff
JOSE E. MEDINA, Edilar

Baltimore College of Dental Surgery
Dental School
University of Maryland
Lombard and Greene Streets
Baltimore 1, Maryland
HERBERT D. COY HARRY A. TRUE

School of Dentistry 2424 Buchanan Street
Medical College of Virginia San Francisco, California
12th and Broad
Richmond 19, Virginia ROBERT B. WOLCOTT
Dental Research Lab
JOT-IN H. NOLEN Naval Training Center
1469 Peck Street Bainbridge, Maryland
Muskegon, Michigan
The Jow'nal of the Ame)'ican Academy of Gold FO'il 01JeJ"atol'S is pUb

lished biannually by the American Academy of Gold Foil Operators. The
opinions expressed in this publication by individual authors do not neces
arily express the views of the Academy, unless they are based upon
reports adopted by the organization.
The Academy reserves the right to reject, condense, revise and edit any
article submitted for publication if it does not conform to the standard
and objectives established by the Editorial Board.
In order to be considered for publication all articles must be submitted
typewritten and double spaced, at least three months prior to the date
of publication. Papers presented before any of the Academy meetings
will become the propel'ty of the Academy and will be published in the
.]ounlal as time and space will permit.
Vol. I No.1 October, 1958
CONTENTS
Pa.ge
Committees 1957-1958 3
Officer' 1957-1958 4
The President's Message 6
From the Editor's Desk . 8
Academy to Help in Forming New Study Clubs 9
"Fundamental Procedures in Gold Foil Operations"

George A. Ellsperman, D.D.S. ] ()
Membership Key and Certificate 17
President's Scroll . ]7
"A Different Approach to the Pl'oximoincisal Gold Foil
Restoration"-John H. Nolen, D.D.S. 18
Interim Academy Meeting 27
A History of the Academy. Chapter 1. Some of the Events
Leading to the Formation of the American Academy
of Gold Foil Operators-Ralph E. Plummer, D.M.D.;
Bruce B. Smith, D.M.D. and Gerald D. Stibbs, D.M.D. __ 28
The 1958 Academy Awal'ds, 30
Gold Foil Study Clubs-A Geographical Guide 32
Summary of Proceedings of Sixth Annual Meeting-
Robert B. Wolcott, D.D.S., M.S. 35
Preliminary Program, Seventh Annual Meeting, American
Academy of Gold Foil Operators, Dallas, Texas 41
2
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF GOLD FOIL OPERATORS
COMMITTEES 1957-1958
Executive Council
HERBERT D. COY
ROBERT J. NELSON
JOHN W. OLSON
Standing Committees
Membership Committee Rubber Dam Committee

ROBERT E. HAMPSON,Chairman M. J. MURRAY, Chairman
J AJ.\tIES W. KAPP CHARLES E. CARARA
AUSTIN S. NEEB VICTOR H. CARPENTER
ARNE F. ROMNES CHARLES M. STEBNER
WILBURN H. WILSON
Necrology Committee
Nominating Committee H. F. GILLARD, Chairman
D. F.BOURASSA, Chairman FLOYD E. HAMSTROM
RAY A. COLLINS R. N. OGILVIE
WILLIAM A. WALLA DONALD C. STENBERG
Special Committees
Literature Committee Study Club Committee

JosE E. MEDINA, Chairman WILLIANI F. HEMPHILL, Chair11~an
HERBERT D. COY J. C. FOOTE
JOHN H. NOLEN MILES R. MARKLEY
HARRY A. TRUE PAUL A. MOORE
CAPTAIN ROBERT B. WOLCOTT KENNETH V. RANDOLPH
State Board Committee History Committee

Chairman
WILLIAM H. SILVERSTEIN, HENRY A. MERCHANT, Chairman
G. KEITH BRUl\'1WELL HERBERT D. COY
ARTHUR J. MONTAGNE CARL R. OMAN
REXFORD H. STEARNS, SR. IIAROLD E. SCHNEPPER
School Committee Dental Research Comn:ittee

PAUL T. DAWSON, Chairrnan ROBERT J. NELSON, Chairrrl,an
CHARLES F. BOUSCHOR ANDREW P. GEHL
REX INGRAHAM Ross C. HUNTLEY
WILLIAM S. KRAMER GERALD D. STIBBS
CAPTAIN ROBERT B. WOLCOTT ELBERT O. THOMPSON
3
OFFICERS 1957-1958
President
Lester E. Myers received his
Doctor of Dental Surgery degree
from Creighton Dental College,
Omaha, Nebraska in 1914.
Since that time he has been ac
tively engaged in the general
practice of dentistry.
During his professional ca
reer Dr. Myers has been honored
by various dental organizations.
He is a member of Omicron
Kappa Upsilon and the Ameri
can Academy of Restorative
Dentistry. He is also a Fellow
in the American College of
Dentists. He has been a mem
ber of the Woodbury Gold Foil
Study Club since 1920, and at
the present time he is the
Director.
Dr. Myers has been active in
Lestet· E. Myet·s organized dentistry and has held
several offices in dental societies,
among which are tIle Presidencies of both his local dental society
and the Nebraska State Dental Association. He also served as
a member of the Nebraska State Dental Examining Board from
1932 to 1939.
Between 1939 and 1949 Dr. Myers held the rank of Assistant
Professor at the University of Nebraska, College of Dentistry,
specializing in the teaching of gold foil restorations.
The time consumed by a busy practice and the many pro
fessional groups have not deprived Dr. Myers of the desire to
contribute to the literature and science of dentistry. He has
published several articles in Dental Digest, North-West Den
tistry, the Minnesota State Dental Journal, the Journal of Pros
thetic Dentistry, and the Journal of the Southern California
State Dental Association. He has also presented papers and
clinics before dental groups in Missouri, Florida, Ohio, Colo
rado, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois and many other states.
The American Academy of Gold Foil Operators is proud to
have such a distinguished clinician serving as its President dur
ing the year 1957-1958.
4
ACADEMY OF GOLD FOIL OPERATORS 5
President-Elect
James P. Vernetti, D.D.S.,

University of Southern Cali
fornia Dental School, 1937.
American Dental Association;
Southern California State Den
tal Association; Past-President,
San Diego County Dental So
ciety ; American Academy of
Restorative Dentistry; Ameri
can College of Dentists; Secre
tary-Treasurer, American Aca
demy of Gold Foil Operators
1955-1956; Director, John C.
Metcalf Gold Foil Seminar
Group; Staff Member, Coronado
Hospital; Past-President, Ro
Jam,es P. Vernetti tary Club.
Secretary-Treasurer
Charles C. Latham, D.D.S.,

University of Southern Cali
fornia Dental School, 1923.
American Dental Association;
Southern California State Den
tal Association; Past-President,
San Diego County Dental So
ciety; American Academy of
Periodontology; San Diego Aca
demy of Medicine; Staff Mem
ber, Coronado Hospital; Staff
Member, Rockfield Field Army
Hospital; Assistant Director,
John C. Metcalf Gold Foil Study
Club; Past-President, Rotary
Club. Charles C. Latham
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
This is my last message to you the general mernbership in my
capacity as President of the Academy. I wish it were possible
for the entire membership to attend the annual meeting of the
Academy in Dallas this coming November. I know such a wish
is almost impossible. For that reason I am going to cover in
this message some of the items I will probably discuss again
during the meeting.
First of all, I want to thank the membership of the Academy
for the privilege and honor conferred upon me in allowing me
to serve as President during this past year. It has been a most
pleasant experience, and I can truthfully say I have never
worked with a finer group of men. Everyone who was asked to
help consented and acted most willingly and efficiently. Through
the efforts of those individuals the Academy enjoyed a very
profitable year.
Many projects were undertaken this past year and are pro
gressing nicely. Perhaps the greatest one was the Council's
action in February to publish a Journal of the American Aca
demy of Gold Foil Operators. The first issue will be on a trial
basis, and the Executive Council, during its meeting in Dallas
this fall, will decide whether or not the Academy will continue
to publish it in the years to come. Dr. Jose E. Medina, with the
help of an excellent committee, has done a magnificent job com
piling and editing the material for the publication, as this issue
will attest. The continuance of the Journal depends on many
things which cannot be discussed in this report but will be taken
up at the annual business meeting in Dallas.
Perhaps one of the most outstanding actions, from the stand
point of its influence on the profession as a whole, was the deci
sion of the Executive Council during its meeting on February
3, 1958 to conduct an interim one-day meeting in Chicago on
the Friday prior to the Chicago Midwinter Meeting. This action
was taken following a scientific meeting at Northwestern College
of Dentistry sponsored by Dr. Romnes and Dr. Dawson with
the assistance of some Academy members. The meeting ccn
sisted of papers in the morning and about fifteen chair clinics
in the afternoon. The interest and enthusiasm demonstrated by
the students and other individuals in attendance were most in
spiring. Reports received from Dr. Romnes and Dr. Dawson
indicated that the meeting stimulated the students in their
appreciation of gold foil restorations. Next year the interim
meeting will be held in the Illinois College of Dentistry. I
,vould like to urge you to attend this excellent program planned
prior to the Chicago Midwinter Meeting.
6
It has been a delightful surprise to observe the interest being

shown in the formation of new gold foil study clubs. The Study
Club Committee has been quite active during the past year. At
the Midwinter Council meeting it was decided to provide match
ing funds to new study clubs to help defray expenses necessary
in securing a demonstrator for the first year. I hope new clubs
take advantage of this opportunity to help them obtain adequate
instructors during the first year of operation.
In lieu of issuing plaques to senior dental students who were
proficient in the manipulation of gold foil in their undergraduate
course, the Council voted to present an attractive certificate
suitable for framing. The change was made because of the
prohibitive cost of the plaques. These presentations were made
at the end of the school year to graduates from twenty-five
dental schools. The response from the heads of Operative De
partments indicated that the recipients of these certificates
were most appreciative of this award.
Dr. James P. Vernetti, Program Chairman and President
Elect has prepared a most outstanding scientific program for
our meeting in Dallas. All members who are able to attend will
find this program most worthwhile. The preliminary program
will be found elsewhere in this Journal.
Looking in retrospect the Academy has had an active and
profitable year. It seems as if the eff()rts of those who were
active in the organization of the Academy planned better than
they had anticipated. There is little doubt that the organiza
tion's influence is having a far-reaching effect in the encourage
ment of good dentistry. Every indication points to an ever
increasing effect in the same direction. This effect has bee11 "the
result of the fine cooperation of the membership in its attempt
to render a better dental service for the benefit of the profes
sion as a whole.
Again may I say that it has been a pleasure to serve and work
with you during the year 1957-1958. I hope to see all of you in
Dallas this fall.
I wish to be simple, honest, frank, natural, clean in body and mind,

unaffected-ready to say, "I do not know," if it be so, to meet all men on
an absolute equality-to face any obstacle and meet every difficulty un
abashed and unafraid-to cultivate the hospitable mind and the recep
tive heart.
-Elbert Hubbard
FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK
The development of the Journal of the American Academy of

Gold Foil Operators has been a most gratifying task. The
efforts put forth by the members of the Academy in order to
institute the publication are deserving of recognition. The un
selfish cooperation and assistance willingly donated to achieve
this aim merit the highest commendation. Without the help
of the membership this publication could never have been
accomplished. The editorial staff wishes to express its deepest
appreciation to those individuals directly and indirectly re
sponsible for the compilation of the material included in this
first issue of the Journal.
For the past several years the officers of the Academy had
contemplated the possibility and feasibility of instituting a pUb
lication. It was realized that a means for disseminating knowl
edge and information among its members and others was sorely
needed. It became increasingly difficult to publish articles re
lated to the work of the Academy in the dental literature. It
also became evident that the membership was not being in
formed of the activities and progress made by the Academy.
All of these considerations contributed to the formation of this
Journal, a publication that will attempt to guide the reader to a
better understanding and appreciation of quality in rendering
an important dental service. Perfection in the practice of den
tistry is our ideal; an attempt to achieve perfection is our
objective.
In this first issue the reader will find an article by Dr. George
A. Ellsperman, of Bellingham, Washington, dealing with funda
mental procedures of gold foil preparations and manipulation.
Dr. Ellsperman describes those basic principles that are essential
in facilitating and obtaining successful gold foil restorations.
In another article, Dr. John H. Nolen, of Muskegon, Michi
gan, presents in detail a technic for restoring proximoincisal
lesions. His approach to restorations of the Class IV type is,
without a doubt, of great value in the treatment of fractured or
weakened incisal angles. The standard technic is fully explained
and variations from the typical procedure are discussed.
In addition to the two original contributions, this issue also
contains the first chapter of an Academy History. Dr. Ralph
E. Plummer, Dr. Bruce B. Smith, and Dr. Gerald D. Stibbs, of
Seattle, Washington, have presented this installment in a most
interesting manner. This series should be of interest to all
members of the Academy as well as others interested in gold
foil restorations.
8
This material is supplemented by several items pertaining to

the activities of the Academy. (1) A summary of the actions
taken by the Academy and its Executive Council during the
meeting in New Orleans, prepared by Dr. Robert B. Wolcott of
Bainbridge, Maryland, who was the Secretary-Treasurer dur
ing 1956-1957. (2) A geographical guide to gold foil study
clubs taken from a report made by the Study Club Committee,
under the able leadership of Dr. James P. Vernetti. (3) A com
plete list of the schools that participated in the presentation of
the Academy Award to members of the graduating classes of
1958, with a list of the recipients. (4) A preliminary program
for the coming meeting of the Academy to be held in Dallas,
Texas, for which Dr. James P. Vernetti, of Coronado, California,
deserves commendation.
It is hoped that this first issue of the Journal of the American
Academy of Gold Foil Operators can be considered as the corner
stone upon which future issues will build a successful structure.
With time the members of the Academy and others will become
aware of the value of this publication. As they begin to practice
the fundamental precepts and teachings of restorative dentistry
as outlined by the Academy, there is no doubt that the quality
ot dental service will be greatly enhanced and ,that the profes
SIon, as a whole, will greatly benefit.
ACADEMY TO HELP IN FORMING NEW STUDY CLUBS
The need and value of gold foil study clubs are obvious to
members who belong to such groups. However, there are many
areas which could form these clubs if capable assistance were
available. Most of these areas are quite isolated from the centers
of gold foil study club activities and hundreds or thousands of
miles separate them from men W}10 could render valuable as
sistance in organizing a unit. Therefore, it was proposed and
adopted that the Academy match funds required by an inter
ested group to organize. Trlis financial aid would permit the
group to seek the assistance of a qualified instructor. Academy
funds for this purpose would be available only twice for each
group, and would require the approval of the President and
Secretary-Treasurer. For the fiscal year 1957-1958 the Academy
made available a total of $1,000.00 for groups requesting assist
ance. Further information is available from the Study Club
Committee Chairman or the Secretary-Treasurer of the
Academy.
FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURES IN GOLD FOIL OPERATIONS*
George A. Ellsperman,t D.D.S., Bellingham, Washington
We can feel the increasing tempo, and we are presently ob
serving the efforts of this group to bring the wonderfully en
during gold foil restoration back into general usage. It no
longer is a sectional teaching but it embraces the entire country.
Many new study club groups are doing their best to gather in
formation and aid from good, sincere and highly capable gold
foil operators. The Academy, in the past few years, has had
some splendid essays. There have been several on the virtues
of gold foil, the use of the rubber dam, and on certain variations
in gold foil cavity preparations and condensation.
Inasmuch as the manifestations of the gold foil movement
are apparent, likewise there must be an urge on the part of
n1any, not only members of this body but also other good opera
tive men, to obtain greater knowledge and skill in its manipula
tion. I intend to stress the basic fundamental procedures em
bracing teamwork, instrumentation, standardized cavity prep
arations, condensers and gold foil condensation. It is suggested
that only after these fundamental procedures are fully under
stood and executed with skill are we in a position to make
changes such as minimizing labial outlines or varying the
methods of condensing gold foil.
Of course, nothing is more fundamental than the use of the
rubber dam. As a component part of the over-all operation the
rubber dam technic should be so standardized that the teamwork
between the nurse and the dentist becomes a systematic flowing
of steps. Each movement of one coordinates with that of the
other. The dam is, in this manner, placed every time covering
the same number of teeth for a given operation. Thus, when
operating any of the four anterior teeth, the dam would be
placed from cuspid to cuspid. In operating the cuspid or bicus
pids the dam would be placed from the first molar to the central
incisor. Other than these variations the rule would be that the
dam be carried to the tooth distal to the one being operated.
It is likewise basic to use a piece of rubber dam six inches
square with a thickness of .0010 inches. This weight dam is
designated as extra heavy, and it is slightly more difficult to
pass through the contacts. A firm stretching of the rubber to
*Present~d before the Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Academy
of Gold FoIl Operators, November 1, 1957, New Orleans, Louisiana.
tMember, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry· Instructor Van
couver Ferrie.r Go~d Foil Stud:y Club; Member, Seattle D~ntal Study' Club;
Lecturer, UnIversIty of WashIngton, School of Dentistry· Past-President
Washington State Dental Association. ' J
10
gether with the passing of the ligature, one lip .of the da~ pre
ceding it through the contact, makes the operatIon most sImple.
However, the advantages over the light or medium are startling:
there are no folds; the steady pull on embrasure tissue permits
the proper placing of the gingival outline; the invaginating of
this heavy dam around the teeth keeps a tight seal. In short,
the entire operating field leaves little to be desired.
Standardization of the rubber dam clamps has been badly
abused in the past. Many operators have tried to use too many.
Much trial and error has resulted in wasted time and money.
I suggest that the best universal rubber dam clamp for upper
molars is the S.S. White No. 18 (Figure 1). While it can be
used in most cases as a splendid universal clamp, there are
times when it will not balance due to the fact that both jaws
are of the same shape. Two clamps that will fill this need are
the Ivory 12A and 13A (Figure 2) ; but these clamps, to be
usable, must be altered by cuttiI1g the wings away and refining
the jaws (Figure 3). My choice for a lower molar clamp is an
S.S. White No. 26 (Figure 4). Rare, indeed, is the time when
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
12 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN
one of these four clamps cannot be used with rigidity and firm
ness on anyone of the molar teeth.
It is not the purpose in this paper to give a technic, in
sequence, for the Class III or Class V gold foil .operati?n, but
rather to assert and emphasize fundamental portIons WhIch are
a part of these steps.
Nothing is more fundamental to these enduring operations,
but so frequently abused, than cavity outlines. Many uninformed
dentists, in an apologetic manner, have told me that their
patients would not permit gold to be placed in the front of
their mouths. I am usually blunt enough to answer them thus
they are talking about fillings so shaped that they reflect light
back as intensely as a small headlight. I am talking about re
placing initial caries with a restoration that is so line-like and
in such perfect harmony with the tooth that it is not noticeable.
In such cases where this is not practicable, due to extensive
caries, I think one is then justified to compromise and make
baked porcelain inlays. I have seen many fine porcelain inlays
still giving good service after twenty-five years.
Great care should be exercised in establishing the outline for
a Class III gold foil. This outline should be completely finished
before preparing the interior form of the cavity. A delicate,
keenly sharp, 11.5 millimeter width reverse bevel chisel is used
to form an abrupt curve in the incisal one third and a straight
line which is carried to the gingival to join the straight gingival
outline. The gingival margin is placed just beneath the free
margin of the gingival tissue. The straight labial line is in a
harmonious and parallel relationship to the lobe of the tooth.
This Class III outline should be so line-like, so parallel to the
lobe of the tooth that it requires careful observation to be
noticed. It is conservative and yet, with slight separation, can
be filled from the labial for the major portion of the malleting.
The lingual outline is cut in a similar manner joining the gin
gival with a shoulder. The linguogingival shoulder an-d lingual
portion of the preparation are malleted from the lingual.
The interior form consists of an axial wall encompassed by
labial, lingual and gingival walls with their line angles and point
angles. The retention lies between the gingival wall and the
incisal angle. It is fundamental in the instrumentation of the
Class III cavity preparation that the hoe, angle formers and
axial wall plane be used in a cutting manner with the blade
parallel to the wall. The action should be of cutting rather than
of digging.
It is my opinion that too little time, consideration, skill and
care is given to the outline form by nearly all gold foil operators.
Initial caries occurring in the distals of centrals laterals or
cuspids restored with gold foil should never be o'bjectionable.
Yet, if the outline is slightly out of harmony, overcut or with
irregular margins, the completed foil will rightly b~ing unhap

piness to a patient with a pride in appearance. A skIllful opera
tor also need feel no hesitancy in filling initial caries in the
mesials as well as distal surfaces with gold foil.
While it is not my objective to teach technic in this paper, it
is incumbent on me to devote a paragraph on a few funda
mentals in the malleting and condensing of the Class III gold foil.
The condensing instruments and their uses are as follows:
First, a suitable holding instrument is required.
Second, the Nos. 1 and 2 Carlson-type Ferrier condensers of
.5 and .55 of a millimeter in diameter and having an angle of
seven centigrades are essential. These instruments permit the
operator to work around the adjacent tooth and maintain a
proper line of force into the cavity.
Third, a No.6 S.S. White bayonet with a .5 of a millimeter
condensing point is needed. Occasionally Nos. 8 and 9 Ferrier
bayonets can be used to advantage. These condensers permit a
splendid line of force into the labioaxiogingival and the incisal
point angles.
Fourth, a Ferrier "F" foot condenser which has a diameter of
not over .55 of a millimeter is used to assure condensation over
the cavosurface margins in areas of difficult access such as the
middle third of the gingival, the linguogingival shoulder and
possibly over the contact area. While these instruments are
fundamental, Dr. Alex Jeffery has designed some bayonet con
densers for use in the invisible Class III foil. These have short
nibs and greater offsets making them very useful in difficult
Class III work.
Gold foil cannot be wished to place. The middle third labio
lingually of the gingival wall at the cavosurface angle and the
linguogingival s:houlder or angle must be stepped and con
densed before the mass of subsequent gold cuts off the opera
tor's access. The correction of this error can be an onerous
chore.
With almost complete abandon the great American Public
has decided that citrus fruits and juices should make up a large
portion of the diet. This excessive use of acid foods combined
with the new brushing technics produce bumper crops of cervi
cal erosions. A fine gold foil is the most enduring restoration
for these areas. In only a few mouths are they at any time
noticeable, and then only in a wide smile.
The Class V gold foil presents a different problem. In out
lin.ing the cavit~ the ging~val wall should be placed beyond any
e~Id~nce ~f erOSIon or carles and yet wflere it will be covered by
gIngIval tIssue. There should be just enough cementum between
the gingival ?ut!ine and the .labial jaw of the gingival clamp
for proper finIshIng. The mesIal and distal outlines should be so
1.4 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN
placed that the embrasure tissue will cover or very nearly cover
them. If one should err in such a manner that the outline for
the cavity is either undercut or overcut, I would suggest that
the latter is preferred.
The S.S. White No. 212 gingival clamp (Figure 5) which can
and should be used u11iversally for all of the teeth except molars
-and even there it will be found to be very usable-was de
signed many years ago by Dr. W. I. Ferrier. The labial bow of
the clamp gives an excellent working field without interference
and the labial jaw slopes to approximate the gingival tissue,
thereby permitting the placing and cutting of the gingival wall
of the cavity. In accomplishing these features this clamp could
not be made to balance without support. However, with a pur
posely blunt labial jaw it may be slid to place and, while holding
it in position, blocked with compound.
Fundamental instrumentation
for the Class V consists of out
lining the cavity with a 33 1/2
inverted cone bur, using the
end cutting surface on the gin
gival, mesial and distal walls
and the side of the bur for the
incisal or occlusal outline. Dr.
Rex Ingraham has contributed
to the speed of outlining the
incisal or occlusal by advocat Figure 5
ing the use of the small straight
diamond wheel. This should not be used" in a high-speed hand
piece, however. The walls and interior of the cavity are finished
with the Nos. 21, 22 and 23 hoes. The retention in the finished
cavity lies between the gingival and incisal or occlusal walls
and their line and point angles. The mesial ·and distal walls are
qbtuse and flaring from the axial wall to giveol;proper strength
to these portions of the tooth.
For Class V condensation the instruments of choice are the
straight condensers having diameters of .5, .55 and .6 of a milli
meter. It will be noted from these dimensions that the condens
ing area of these instruments is very small. Yet, with accurate
stepping, a fast malleting cadence by the assistant and using
an easily controlled instrument they can produce a result much
faster and better than mechanical condensers. Remember that
the latter condensers have annoyingly cumbersome tubes or
wires and a mechanical handpiece that must be tripped to step.
It matters not how many blows are delivered, time is lost in the
tripping of the instrument. The average Class V foil should
take no more than fifteen minutes of hand malleting time. In
stepping the plugger point it should be watched constantly to
avoid possible pits in the gold from uneven stepping. Each step
should overlap the preceding one by half. The surface of the

gold should not be just burnished but condensed and flowed
against the walls for a tight seal. May I repeat that the average
Class V foil takes from twelve to fifteen minutes of hand mal
leting time. I know of no mechanical condenser using the same
size condenser point that will equal this condensation time.
There seems to be, at the moment, considerable interest in
several variations to the standard technic. One is the use of
n1at gold, another the use of large foot pluggers, and last the
use of new mechanical condensers. These have obviously been
designed to serve the purpose of saving time. I have nothing
but admiration and affection for some of our leaders who have
written on this work. However, I suggest that fundamentals
be thoroughly understood first. It would seem to be unjustified
for an operator to carefully cut a fine detailed cavity, with line
angles, point angles and true walls, only to introduce large
masses of gold which cannot be condensed completely into these
angles.
Little purpose is served, although certainly interesting, in
making metallurgical tests of the finished malleted foil. Cer
tainly samples from two different operators using the same
technic will show a different result. A specimen produced on a
lab bench for the purpose of testing will, no doubt, show a
variance to one performed in the mouth. Therefore, we may
assume that whatever the technic-whether a combination of
soft and cohesive foil, mat gold with a veneer of cohesive or
just cohesive foil-the gold must be properly stepped. It must
be condensed with a small plugger point, and it must be flowed
against the walls with a proper line of force to obtain a perfect
seal with the tooth. These are fundamentals.
Since time is a fundamental factor in the production of a
gold foil restoration, the operator can ill afford to use a manu
facturer's pellets. Many years ago the Ney Company was pre
vailed upon to market hand-roBed pellets. With the war years
and the resultant shortage of help this procedure was discon
tinued. However, a skillful assistant, with practice, can roll a
full book, representing one tenth of an ounce, in an hour and a
quarter to produce pellets in four sizes. I suggest that the staff
might be spending an hour or two in this manner while this
meeting is being held.
Each book of No. 4 soft gold foil should be first marked and
drawn into sixteen one-inch squares. The full one-inch square
becomes the one 16th pellet which is the largest size. To make
the one 32nd, one more cut is made, leaving a piece 112 x 1 inch.
r he next smaller size is the one 64th which measures 1/ x V2
2
Inch. The last and smallest pellet is l/.t x 1/2 inch (Figure 6).
All of these pellets are rolled in much the same manner. After
separating the gold from the dividing paper, the cotton pliers
are used in the right hand to grasp each piece in the center,
crumpling it slightly, until the corners all turn up as it is
placed between thumb and forefinger of the left hand. With a
light touch of the pliers the corners are tucked into the center
as the fingers gently roll the gold into a ball. Thus the corners
are within the pellet, not on the outside of the ball of foil.
While I have studiously omitted mentioning the use of hand
rolled cylinders to line Class V cavities as a fundamental, the
technic is far superior to the one using all cohesive foil. The
advantages are protection of the margins, faster malleting, and
A Diagram For Cutting Gold Foil A Diagram For Cutting Gold Foil
NUMBER ~ NOM COHESIVE NUMBER ~ NOM COHESIVE
I
I
I I
I PELLETS CYLINDERS
I
:
---------i-'--......;-----,.--;------- - - - - - -1/4- - - - - -
---------~~~~_P_~-------- ------ 1{2------~----~----~

I
I
I
r
I
I
--------~~---~~~---------
- - - - - - - -1_ - -
I
-rI - - - - l - - - - - - - - - . r - - - - - - - - - I
I I
I I
: : 3/32 1/16
I
'
:
I
I
I
I
Figure 6 Figure 7
decrease in finishing time. The sizes of hand-rolled cylinders

used for Class V cavity preparations are the one 16th and three
32nd of a sheet of gold (Figure 7). They are made by creasing
the sheet of gold with a straight-edge plaster spatula and, with
out pressure, folding it several times into a soft ribbon. Start
ing at one end of the ribbon with a jeweler's broach it is rolled,
again without pressure, into a small cylinder. A cylinder is in
troduced and flattened against each of the four walls of the
Class V preparation. Cohesive foil is then placed into the axial
wall and condensed, with succeeding pellets building to form
and pinching off the remaining soft foil over the margins.
I have also omitted mentioning the invisible Class III foil as
fundamental. It is difficult to cut and difficult to fill and, while
not at all beyond the scope of skillful gold foil operators, an
overemphasis on this type of restoration with its possible un
certain results, may bring discouragement. A technic which is
difficult to standardize and not frequently indicated is not too
fundamental.
The finistling of the foil with the painstaking care and pre
cision required to restore the original anatomy of the tooth is
more time-consuming than the malleting. Beveled files, knives,
extra-long (18-inch) strips and sparing use of sanding discs
are the armamentarium. Great care must be exercised to avoid
ditching or abrading in any way the margins of the cementum.
In a discussion of fundamentals the motive involved is an
honorable one. It seeks to place before us definite procedures,
technics and armamentarium which, when used, will produce
proven, clinically beautiful and enduring restorations. It has
no quarrel or conflict with any other branch of the dental art.
Its sole purpose is to bring about the saving of the human
tooth.
MEMBERSHIP KEY AND CERTIFICATE

The Academy key for active members who have successfully
completed a gold foil restoration at a recognized Academy meet
ing are now available. Eligible members have been contacted
by the Secretary, and each may purchase the key for $15.00.
Attractively designed with the Academy seal and a swivel at
tachment, this key is not only a beautiful item of jewelry but
an emblem which the member can wear with great pride and
distinction.
An attractive certificate for all active members has also been
designed and will be mailed when the printing of names is
finished. The Academy wishes to express its gratitude to Jim
Courtney who was instrulnental in obtaining these certificates.
PRESIDENT'S SCROLL
A newly designed scroll was presented President Boelsche at
the annual meeting in New Orleans in appreciation and recog
nition of his achievement in office. Similar scrolls have been
prepared for our past presidents, Bruce Smith, Charles Stebner
and Ralph Plummer. With each scroll goes the appreciation and
respect of the Academy for their tireless work in its behalf.
A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THE PROXIMOINCISAL GOLD FOIL
RESTORATION
John H. Nolen, D.D.S., Muskegon, Michigan

The management of the Class IV gold foil restoration has
been a most difficult task and one frequently avoided because of
the extensive time involved and the intricacies of the operation.
Objections to the judicious use of gold foil or the gold inlay often
are raised from an esthetic standpoint. Gold foil used to restore
the proximal surface of the anterior teeth involving the angle
can be placed with greater stability and better esthetics than
any other restorative material, and it is far superior to the gold
inlay or porcelain veneer crown in the conservation of tooth
structure.
By the use of 5 % iridioplatinum wire to reinforce and assist
in retention of the restoration, the Class IV gold foil can be
placed with greater ease and less conspicuousness than the gold
inlay. As a result, the Class IV gold foil restoration possesses
much greater esthetic qualities than the gold inlay.
It is much easier to place this type of gold foil restoration than
other proximal types because of the greater accessibility and the
advantage of direct vision of all working surfaces. This technic
is intended for the use of the average dentist, and it does not
require any great dexterity or unusual skill in the handling of
gold foil. As a direct result of the conservative approach to
cavity preparation and the consequent need for less gold foil,
the entire operation can be completed within a minimum time.
It also produces a restoration of greater strength and durability
than can be accomplished with previous or conventional methods.
Diagnosis or Selection of Cases

The Class IV gold foil with the iridioplatinum post technic is
particularly suitable for slightly rotated or slightly separated
teeth. It is equally adaptable to the delicately shaped incisors
with a short labiolingual dimension. The lower incisors, which
have been a challenge in the past, are especially receptive to
this method. Such a restoration does have some limitations and
sometimes may not be the method of choice. Occasionally the
proximoincisal cavity with the incisal step or the proximoincisal
cavity utilizing a lingual dovetail would be the choice of the
operator. The selection of the tooth for the insertion of the
iridioplatinum post technic should be carefully considered be
fore any initial cavity preparation is started. To avoid diffi
culties with pulpal anomalies, a recent x-ray of the tooth under
treatment is indicated. The vital carious tooth that will accept
18
the post technic is most frequently one that lies slig~tly labia~ly
or lingually to the approximating tooth, and o~e whIch permIts
access for insertion of the post. The post technIc can be used to
advantage on a carious tooth that lIas a fair amount of the em
brasure missing and does not lie either labially or lingually to
the approxiinating tooth, but which permits access for the inser
tion of the post at a slightly dif
ferent angle. These individual
conditions can best be judged by
reference to Figure 1.
Before beginning the cavity
preparation, as an additional aid
in determining the feasibility
for the use of the post technic,
a No. 1 straight handpiece
round bur may be held next to
the carious proximating portion
of the tooth under consideration
at the dentinoenamel junction
near the incisal to measure and
to determine whether or not
sufficient access is available for
the establishment of the pene
tration.
If there should be doubt in
the operator's mind as to the
type of cavity preparation that
can be used, he will do well to
proceed with the proximal and
gingival portions of the cavity.
Then, after taking into consid
eration such factors as conser
vation of tooth structure, retention, and the all-important point
of esthetics or display of gold, he can determine whether or not
sufficient space is available for the insertion of the iridiopla
tinum post without jeopardizing the pulp or leaving any un
supported enamel rods. The experience of the writer has been
that the post technic, as used in Class IV gold foil restorations,
can be performed in approximately eighty percent of all proxi
moincisal restorations.
Cavity Preparation
The prime factor in a good gold foil proximoincisal restora
tion is the least possible destruction of tootrl structure com
mensurate with durability and esthetics. A rubber dam is
placed in position isolating the tooth under consideration and
sufficient other adjacent teeth to give good and complete visual
and working access to all surfaces of the tooth.
Most cavities can be entered with a sharp thin-bladed chisel

directly from the incisal edge. If there is sufficient space, often
an extremely thin, 3~1-inch, safe-sided diamond disk can be used.
The disk is held in such a manner that the lingual enamel plate
is reduced slightly more thall the labial enamel plate. This
initial cut is carried approximately to the free margin of the
gingival tissue. Care is taken to avoid the flat surface of a
slice type inlay preparation. Instead a small shoulder is left to
form the start of a line to be used for the gingival wall (:B'igure
2). This initial cut should be extended labially, gingivally, and
lingually far enough to free contact with the approximating
tooth, and at the same time not to leave any areas of enamel
unsupported by dentin. It is preferable to have a very slight
display of gold rather than a thin line of gold that appears dark
under artificial light. Teeth of varying contours may require
changes in the labioproximal outline form to assist in the prob
lem of esthetics.
The gingival wall should be flat, or on some occasions it may
follow the curvature of the cervical line (Figure 3). It is never
contrary to the cervical line as is illustrated in Figure 4. A prep
aration such as this last type seriously impedes the convenience
of the approach and most likely will adversely affect the success
of the restoration.
The gingival wall is made directly after the initial opening of
the proximal portion of the cavity. On the maxillary teeth this
is best accomplished by the use of the No. 35 straight handpiece
bur. On the mandibular teeth it might be expedient to use a
No. 34 if there is insufficient room for the No. 35. Care must be
taken to avoid placing the retentive portion of the cavity too far
lingually or labially, always retaining some dentin in this re
tentive area. The gingival wall should present a flat surface
approximately at right angles to the long axis of the tooth.
The Class IV gold foil cavity preparation requires additional
retentive form in the two point angles in the gingival third area
as well as the very retentive resistance of the iridioplatinum
post.
The gingival point angles are started with a No. 34 bur and
extended approximately one third of the distance to the incisal
edge. If at all possible, they should be in dentin and, of course,
not infringe on the pulp of the tooth. The bur is drawn incisally
along the linguoaxial and the labioaxial line angles. This pro
cedure is followed by the use of small angle forming cutting in
struments (formula 8-80-3-9 Land R). These instruments are
used to sharpen and to plane the retentive angles. Inasmuch as
this portioll of the tooth is called upon for very substantial re
tentive resistance, it is best to deviate a bit from the accepted
~t;;~dards of cavity form. These line angles also assist in the
InItIal start of the condensation of the gold foil. Using::t No. 34
straight handpiece bur in the linguoaxial line angle and only

slightly in the labioaxial line angle, place a very small pit ap
proximately one half or two thirds of the depth of the head of
the bur. In larger teeth this same bur may be moved in a very
slight circular movement to minutely enlarge the pit. The axial
wall is now planed with a monangle chisel (formula 10 and for
mula 15-10-3) and with enamel hatchets (formula 10-6-14 L
and R) to as complete a smooth surface as is reasonable to
attain.
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
Fig. 4- Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7
To assist in gaining a better view of this retentive area,

Figure 5 shows a transverse section at the gingival wall with
the retentive areas clearly visible. Figure 6 shows the middle
third of the tooth, and Figure 7 shows the incisal third of the
tooth. Note that at this point there is no incisal retentive form
or area of any kind. This incisal retention will be taken care of
later after the start of gold foil condensation and not until ap
proximately one half of the gold is in place.
The cavosurface angles of the cavity are prepared at this time.
Where accessible, this may be accomplished by disking lightly
with a fine sandpaper disk. Those margins inaccessible to a
disk can best be leveled with a monangle chisel or gingival
margin trimmers (formula 15-95-8-12 Land R). Sharp angles
and contours on the periphery of the cavity should be avoided
to enable the restoration to harmonize with the normal rounded
contours of the tooth under consideration as well as the approxi
mating teeth.
Condensation
The operator is now prepared to start the condensation of the
foil. The gold foil is started in the linguoaxiogi~gival poi~t
angle, or pit. A No. V2 cylinder of annealed gold IS placed In
this area and held in place with a holding instrument, such as a
No.3 S.S.W. broach in a broach holder with the barbs removed,
or a similar instrument; it is then condensed with a round No.2
Baird condenser point in the straight Hollenback pneumatic
condenser handpiece. Additional gold foil is added, and the
restoration built up and brought labially to form an isthmus
until the labioaxiogingival retentive area is reached and filled.
At this point the initially condensed gold foil will appear as a
small bar. In all probability it will not be necessary to hold the
gold foil with the retaining instrument longer than the initial
condensation of the first one or two cylinders. The foil is
gradually built up with the stroke of the condenser directed
toward the linguogingival and labiogingival angles in order to
cover the gingival wall of the cavity. The axial wall is built up
at an angle of about 45 0 • Care is taken to build the foil on both
the labial and the lingual walls to full contour. As the foil
reaches the margins of the cavity, occasionally it may be expedi
ent to change condenser points to a foot condenser, such as a
No. 10 Baird point, and to alternate with the No.2 Baird point
as necessary. The amount of force used can be varied according
to the skill of the operator, to the area of the condenser points,
and to the tolerance of the periodontal membrane of the tooth.
Inasmuch as the operator usually has direct vision and access
to these cavities, condensing will proceed rapidly and with little
difficulty. The size of the gold cylinders used will vary with the
desires of the operator, the size of the condenser points, and the
tol~rance of the patient to condensation. Generally in the middle
portions of the cavity, the larger No. ~4 cylinder may be used if
condensed well.
The condensation of the gold foil is carried on until a point is
reached on the axial wall that will leave just space or allowance
for the insertion of the iridioplatinum post in the last remaining
dentin just gingival to the junction of the labial and lingual
enamel which forms the incisal portion of the tooth (Figure 8).
The condensing instruments are now laid aside temporarily.
A No.1 straight handpiece bur is placed in the handpiece, and
an evaluation of the location of the post is made. This is best
done by aligning the bur with the tooth and estimating the depth
of insertion of the post and the direction of insertion. The bur
is held approximately parallel with the incisal edge, and with
the assistant directing a small stream of air on the bur, it is
inserted to a depth of 2 to 3 mm. in the dentin (Figure 9). A
mouth mirror, used in conjunction with a strong light directed
at the labial surface of the tooth, will reflect the lingual surface
of the tooth and will show the progress of the bur. The bur is
withdrawn and again inserted to remove all debris remaining
in the opening.
In average upper anterior teeth the location of this penetra
tion will lie approximately 2 mm. from the incisal edge. It must
be varied to suit the circumstances of trle situation. Because
of interference of its entrance by the adjacent tooth, on occasion
this penetration may be placed at a slight angle to the incisal
edge. The operator must keep in mind that after the post is
cemented a sufficient amount of space must remain on all sides
of the free end to allow it to be completely enclosed within the
condensed foil.
A threaded No. 21 gauge (or .028") 5% iridium-95% platinum
post is used. This post can be purchased in wire form, threaded
by special order through the local dental dealer. Some operators
may prefer to use a 100% platinum wire; others 10% iridium
90% platinum wire. However, the 5% iridium adds what ap
pears to the writer to be just the right amount of rigidity.
A long piece of wire is rounded off on its end, with all old
burs, etc. being removed. This wire is then inserted in the just
completed opening and checked for depth of insertion and clear
ance of cavity margins at the point of emergence from the tooth.
A mark is then made on the wire to assist in cutting and to show
its proper length. (This operation might easily be made with
the same bur that was used to surface the opening.) The wire
is withdrawn and cut partially through with the wire cutters
which have been especially prepared to prevent cutting the wire
completely (Figure 10). If the wire should be cut completely,
it is better to discard it and select a new piece. It is very diffi
cult to handle a small piece of wire during cementation. The
almost completely cut piece of wire is then cleaned and anne~led
in the open flame and permitted to cool. Zinc phosphate cement
is mixed to the same consistency as cement for setting an inlay
and carried to the opening with a small straight explorer and
"pumped" into the opening. In addition, the end of the prepared
iridioplatinum wire is just touched or dipped in the soft mixed
cement and carried to the mouth and inserted in the opening.
At this time the "handle" or long piece of wire is bent sideways
or oscillated a few times until broken off, leaving the cemented
post (Figure 11). Reasonable care must be exercised to prevent
any great surplus of cement from flowing over the fl,lready con
densed gold.
Condensation is resumed before the cement has had a chance
to set and while still soft. An annealed N o. ~/2 gold cylinder is
pl~ced near the post, touching the previously condensed gold
fOl~, and condensation is again resumed (Figure 12). Other
cylInders are placed around the post and condensation carried
on until all areas adjacent to the post and the margins are
I 1IIllIIlBm1l\l1\\!I II!I\lUI I
Fig. 8 Fig. 10
Fig. 11 Fig. 12
covered with gold foil. It will be noted that the foil is driven
into the small amount of soft cement remaining and the surplus
cement forced away and out over the labial, lingual and incisal
margins. The condenser point most suitable to use for this
phase is a foot condenser similar to the No. 10 Baird straight
condenser and the No. 10 Baird angle condenser point. This
point is needed to reach into the interproximal area and to pre
vent the small round Nos. 1, 2 or 3 points from skidding and
punching holes in the foil and contaminating the surface with
cement. An additional benefit of the immediate revival of con
densation is to drive the cement tight about the post.
After this initial resumption of condensation a return to any
of the condenser points with which the operator is most familiar
would be indicated. The only area that needs extra caution dur
ing the final stages is that which lies toward the cervical region
from the post. Each cylinder is carefully placed and stepped
toward the cavity margins, but with the emphasis now on build
ing up this central area first. This procedure is carried on con
densing from the labial, lingual and incisal surfaces. The use
of the foot condenser during the final stages of condensation is
helpful in restoring proximal contact and original contour. If,
during the condensation of the gold foil, the operator feels that
the iridioplatinum post might be too long and show through the
finished restoration, he can, before final condensation, shorten
it with judicious use of a bur, and then proceed to cover it with

gold foil.
Finishing
A push file is now used to trim and to remove the excess foil
from the gingival margin. By means of an Elliot separator a
small amount of separation is aCflieved to permit the insertion of
a lightning metal strip with which the proximal portion is
slightly contoured. This separation permits insertion of fine
garnet strips, wflich are then drawn through the embrasure,
the operator using the finger and thumb of the left hand to hold
them in contact with the restoration. The separator is now re
moved, and the lingual and labial surfaces are honed slightly
with a S.S.W. No.4 or No.5 Gem point, care being taken to
A B
c D
Figure .13
direct its ,rotation from the gold towards the cavity margin and
to avoid damage to the surface of the tooth.
Fine garnet disks are employed in the final stages of polishing
and contouring. Disking is continued with graduated grits of
cuttle, ending with a crocus disk. Instead of the final crocus
disking, a small brush wheel or rubber cup with flour of pumice
may be substituted and followed with tin oxide to give a high
luster.
The separator and the rubber dam are removed, and the
gingival tissue is massaged to restore circulation. The occlusion
with opposing teeth is now checked and the restoration is con1
pleted (Figure 13). In the event that any polishing residue re
mains, a pellet of cotton saturated with soap may wash off the
debris.
Variations
Variations of the cavity preparation are frequently encounter
ed because of unusual caries, rotation, or proximity of the ad
jacent teeth. The gingival portions of most all cavity prepara
tions are quite similar. The main variable factor is the angle of
insertion of the iridioplatinum post into the tooth. The most
common variation is the slight slanting of the post toward the
cervical region (Figure 14). Also the post may follow a slight
rotation in the tooth (Figure 15). The determining factor in
these cases is the ability of the operator (1.) to prevent the
post from impinging on the pulp and from penetrating into the
enamel of the tooth so that it either would show through or
seriously weaken the enamel, and (2) to retain sufficient con
densed foil about the post for proper retention of the restora
tion. If a nonvital tooth is used, consideration for the pulp is
not a factor; the post may be placed at any reasonable angle to
afford retention (Figure 16).
Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16

Conclusion
In the past the proximoincisal cavity for the reception of gold
foil has been avoided all too frequently.
It has been the writer's intention to present herein principles
of gold foil technic that are basically sound. Thirty years of
private practice have proved the durability of this restoration.
The placement of any type of gold foil restoration requires
skill, is exacting, and demands perseverance; this technic is
not beyond the reach of the dentist of average ability. It con
sumes far less time than conventional methods, and therefore is
of great benefit to the busy general practitioner. This method
requires no special instrumentation beyond that which exists in
the average gold foil operator's office.
There is nothing more rewarding and gratifying for the
operator than the sight of a well-placed proximoincisal gold foil
restoration which is the finest possible restoration available to
the patient.
INTERIM ACADEMY MEETING

At its last meeting in February, 1958 in Chicago, the Execu
tive Council of the Academy voted to sponsor an interim annual
program prior to the Chicago Midwinter Meeting. The meeting
will consist of a one-day session and will be held alternately at
the dental schools in the Chicago area. Details of the program
will be announced at a. later date.
-.
Happiness is the true end and aim of life. It is the task of intelligence
to ascertain the conditions of happiness, and when found, the truly wise
will live in accordance with them. By happiness is meant not simply the
joy of eating and drinking-the gratification of the appetite-but good,
well-being, in the highest and noblest forms. The joy that springs from
obligations discharged, from duty done, from generous acts, from being
true to the ideal, from a perception of the beautiful in Nature, art and
conduct. The happiness that is born of and gives birth to poetry and
music, that follows the gratification of the highest wants. Happiness is
the result of all that is really right and sane.
-Robert Ingersoll
A HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
Ralph E. Plummer,* D.M.D.; Bruce B. Smith,t D.M.D.; and
Gerald D. Stibbs,t D.M.D., Seattle, Washington
Chapter I. Some of the Events Leading to the Formation of the

American Academy of Gold Foil Operators
The origin of this thriving young organization is of i11t2rest.
To a considerable extent the late James Mark Prime of Omaha,
Nebraska is responsible for its birth. In 1931 he advocated the
formation of such a group in the following words: "As an aid
to unify thought 011 gold foil technic, to bring operators together
from all over the country to compare work, to discuss instru
ments and instrumentation, golds, cavity preparation, etc., and
to assist, if possible, in bringing about a more uniform teaching
in our schools, I suggest that we organize an academy to meet
at the same time aIld place as the American Dental Association.
I suggest that we take some such name as The Academy of Gold
Foil Operators of America."l It is interesting that his suggested
name for the organization was so close to the one ultimately
selected. To our knowledge nothing definite was done to follow
his suggestion for many years until 1949, when Gerald D.
Stibbs, in a paper, recalled Dr. Prime's idea. 2
In the summer and fall of 1951 various letters began to ap
pear throughout the dental world concerlling an International
Society of Gold Foil Operators. Leaders in the profession were
contacted in all parts of the United States? Canada, South
America and Europe. These men were asked to show their in
terest in saving fine dentistry: gold foil. The letters were
drawn up and mailed by Dr. Bruce Smith as a means to deter
mine if sufficient interest in foil was still present in the profes
sion and to enable those interested to form an Academy of Gold
Foil.
By March of 1952 the die was cast. Replies were coming in
and they were heartening. However, the mailing burden was
becoming too great financially for one man to carry easily. Also,
*Past-President, American Academy of Gold Foil Operators; Director,
G. V. Black Study Club; Director, University Ferrier Study Club; Past
President, Associated Gold Foil Study Clubs in the Northwest.
t Past-President, American Academy of Gold Foil Operators; Member,
University Ferrier Study Club; Part-time instructor of Operative Den
tistry and Ceramics, University of Washington.
:j:Head, Department of Operative Dentistry and Professor of Fixed Par
tial Dentures, l.Jniversity of Washington; Director, George Ellsperman
Gold Foil Seminar; Member, Vancouver Ferrier Study Club; Honorary
Member, Inter-City Study Club.
1 J. M. Prime, "Gold Foil." J.A.D.A., 18:1477-1484, August, 1931.
2 G. D. Stibbs, "An Appraisal of the Gold Foil Restoration." J.G.D.A.,
17 :191-199, April, 1951.
28
it was now important to "go through the proper channels" and

secure the backing of the Northwest Associated Gold Foil Study
Clubs. Dr. Smjth did so at their annual May meeting. It would
be possible to present to you the exact text of the short message
asking for financjal backing and approval, but space does not
permit. It is sufficient to say that this body of devoted men, the
trustees under President George Ellsperman, immediately set
up a committee to ,vork together and investigate the possibility
of forming an academy. The committee consisted of Dr. Ralph
E. Plummer, Dr. John H. Williams, Dr. Arthur G. Schultz, Dr.
Gerald D. Stibbs and Dr. Bruce B. Smith, Chairman.
As time progressed, the funds borrowed were reimbursed to
the group within the following year. At this time Dr. Stibbs,
wittl the practical stenographic backing of his lovely wife
Gloria, and the silent yet powerful backing of that great man
Dean Ernest Jones began the crusade of contacting men all over
the world for a formative meeting. The response was most
encouraging. From areas where foil was, to all intents and pur
poses, a dead issue came replies expressing real interest. As a
matter of fact, from all the letters sent out, only three replies
were received which expressed definite disapproval of the idea,
and indeed expressed an aversion to the continued use of gold
foil at all. Two of these letters were from heads of Operative
Dentistry Departments. We hope that some day these men will
change their minds, and thus benefit the students under their
jurisdiction.
Dr. George Hollenback suggested an alliance with an active
group of fine dentists led by Dr. Charles Stebner, who advocated
increased rubber dam usage in restorative procedures. The
greater percentage of these men were members of study clubs
and extremely interested in excellent dentistry. Many other
suggestions as to aims and objectives were received and are
still on file.
The charter meeting of the International Society of Gold Foil
Operators was planned for September 11 at 6 :00 p.m. at the
Chase Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. Due to illness at the last
minute, Dr. Stibbs was unable to leave Seattle. He turned over
his plane ticket and hotel reservations to Dr. Plummer, who,
with Dr. Smith, headed for St. Louis to arrange the meeting.
Thirty-six men had indicated that they wished to attend. When
the count was made, thirty-six men were present. This consis
tency of intent is a strange phenomenon which has since followed
the Academy. It must be that foil men have great determination.
Among the speakers at the first meeting were many who have
since accomplished great things for the Academy. Dr. Lester E.
Myers of Omaha spoke about working groups organized in his
area in 1906. Dr. Harry True in speaking of the Golden Gate
Study Club said, "It is not good enough unless it is the 'best' we
can do." Dr. Victor Ernst mentioned the fifty-year-old G. V.

Black Study Club of St. Paul. Dr. Plummer reported on ~he
many clubs in the Northwest. Dr. Stebner suggested operatIng
at annual meetings. Dr. J. C. Metcalf spoke briefly but highly
about Dr. Charles E. Woodbury. (Dr. Woodbury's residence
was in Alhambra, California at the time he was originally con
tacted by the Academy.) [Chapter II.-Next Issue]
-.- -.~
THE 1958 ACADEMY AWARDS

At its last meeting, the Executive Council of the American
Academy of Gold F"oil Operators decided to present an award
to deserving graduates in all dental schools in recognition of
outstanding achievement in gold foil procedures during their
undergraduate course. As a result of this action, dental schools
in the United States and Canada were contacted and informed of
the Academy's desire to institute this award.
The five dental schools in Canada were unable to participate
in this program because of an established policy that precrtided
the presentation of awards to their graduates.
The reaction to this program from the forty-three dental
schools iI1 the United States was as follows:
1. The University of Southern California, Howard Univer
sity, The University of Louisville, The University of Michigan,
Western Reserve University, The University of Pittsburgh and
Georgetown University failed to respond to the original letter
of inquiry sent by the Secretary regarding the certificate award.
2. Harvard School of Dental Medicine, The University of
Nebraska, The University of Buffalo, The University of North
Carolina, and The Medical College of Virginia responded favor
ably to the original letter of inquiry but stated it was not their
policy to present such awards to their graduates.
3. The University of Alabama Medical Center and Emory
University responded favorably to the proposed award but
stated they had no student whom they considered deserving of
this honor.
4. New York University, The University of Tennessee, Uni
versity of California Medical Center and Loyola University
(New Orleans) responded favorably but failed to submit the
names of recipients for the award.
5. The remaining twenty-five schools submitted the names of
students deserving of the honor and certificate awards for gold
foil achievement were presented to the following graduates:
JOHN EDWARD CAREY, Marquette University
HAROLD GENE CARTER, The University of Kansas City
RALPH DUDEK, University of Detroit

JOSEPH T. ELDERS, College of Physicians and Surgeons
HOMER WILLIAM GILMORE, Indiana University
WILLIAM J. GREEN, The Ohio State University
ROBERT HOEHNE, University of Illinois
ROBERT W. HORTIN, Washington University (St. Louis)
GAYLORD G. HUENEFELD, Creighton Univel"sity
JOHN LEWIS LUTZ, College of Medical Evangelists
JACK GARFIELD MANN, Saint Louis University
ARTHUR MARSHALL, University of Pennsylvania
CLIFFORD D. MARTIN, Meharry Medical College
VINCENT FRANK MASIN, State University of Iowa
STEPHEN D. MATHESON, University of Oregon
ROBERT AUGUST MENDEL, University of Washington (Seattle)
HAROLD MILLER, Loyola University (Chicago)
MYLON B. MORRIS, University of Minnesota
DONALD E. ORLOFF, Northwestern University
GEORGE RUDENSKY, Columbia l]niversity
FRED FLINN SIMMONS, JR., The University of Texas
RAYMOND C. SIROIS, Temple University
HOWARD STANTON SPURRIER, University of Maryland
EDWARD EARL SYPHERD, Baylor University
V ARSELLE WEAVER, Tufts University
The award, in the form of a certificate with the gold seal of

the Academy centered, reads as follows:
"The American Academy of Gold Foil Opera

tors upon the recommendation of the faculty of
---------("~;~; ~f -;ch~~l) - - - - - - - - - - - presents its
gold foil achievement award to _

(name of recipient)
in recognition of perfection and interest in gold

foil procedures during the undergraduate course
in dentistry."
Signed by the President and
Secretary of the Academy
Many of the graduates who were honored have written to the

Secretary expressing their appreciation for the award. It is
hoped that these young men will continue to develop proficiency
in gold foil procedures and will help to perpetuate the ideals of
this Academy through their continued interest. It is also the
hope of the Academy that this award will carry with it a chal
lenge or motivation for students in each school which will en
courage a competitive atmosphere in seeking the distinction of
bein~ the recipient of such an honor.
GOLD FOIL STUDY CLUBS-A GEOGRAPHICAL GUIDE
The Study Club Comlnittee at the sixth annual meeting of the
Academy held in New Orleans in NoverrLber, 1957 presented a
very comprehensive report on the activities of study clubs
throughout the country and abroad. This geographical guide
has been taken from the report and represents information avail
able as of October 15, 1957. Undoubtedly, changes have occurred
during the past year. Perhaps, through lack of knowledge,
names and locations of other clubs have been omitted. All gold
foil study clubs are requested to submit to the Chairman of the
Study Club Committee of the Academy any changes, alterations
or additions that will help to develop this geographical guide
with up-to-date information. Subsequent issues of the Journal
will carry a revised list with all the new developments.
The geographical guide is listed alphabetically by states and
territories. Under each of these are listed the names of study
clubs and, where available, the director's name, membership
roster, and meeting place and date.
California Colorado
Golden Gate Study Club Denver Gold Foil Study Club
DR. HARRY A. TRUE, Director DR. A. M. LAWSON, Director
Monthly, September through May 25 active members
on second Saturday at the Col Monthly, September through May
lege of Physicians and Sur
geons, San Francisco
Woodbury Study Club of Colorado
Jones Gold Foil Study Club DR. WILLIAM F. HEMPHILL,
Di1·ector
DR. REX INGRAHAM:, Director 12 active members

20 active members Twice yearly at Denver General
Monthly, September through May Hospital
on second Saturday at the Col
lege of Dentistry, University of
Southern California, Los An
geles
Hawaii
John C. Metcalf Gold Foil Seminar
DR. E. F. MADDEN, Director
DR. JAMES P. VERNETTI, Director 16 active members
DR. CHARLES C. LATHAM, Assist- Monthly, first Tuesday, Honolulu
ant Director
DR. A. COOPER, Assistant Director
15 active members
Monthly, September through May
(except December) on fourth Michigan

Saturday at the Dental Tech
nicians School, Naval Training Austin S. Neeb Gold Foil Study
Center, San Diego Club
DR. AUSTIN S. NEEB, Director
Loma Linda Study Club (In process 5 active members
of being organized.) No established meeting time
32
Minnesota Salem Gold Foil Club

G. V. Black Dental Club,
DR. ALEXANDER W. JEFFERY,
Incorporated
Director
38 active members 10 active members
Monthly, October through June on
third Friday at the University
of Minnesota Dental College, Willamette Dental Research Club
Minneapolis DR. KENNETH R. CANTWELL,
Director
10 active members
Monthly, September through
April on third Thursday
Nebraska
Woodbury Gold Foil Study Club
DR. LESTER E. MYERS, Director
28 life members; 23 active mem
bers; 2 honorary members; 6 Texas
operative guests
Twice yearly in Omaha Houston Gold Foil Study Club
Twice yearly
Lincoln Gold Foil Study Club
DR. HENRY A. MERCHANT,
Director
17 active members
Meets in Lincoln
Washington
Associated Gold Foil Study Clubs

DR. W. I. FERRIER, Director
DR. JOHN GANSNER, President
Oregon DR. ROBERT E. HAMPSON, JR.,
Secretary
Capitol City Gold Foil Study Club
Director G. V. Black Dental Study Club
6 active members
DR. RALPH E. PLUMMER, Director
7 active members; 4 inactive
Maywood Park Gold Foil Research members
and Study Club Monthly, September through May
DR. LOUIS B. SCHOEL, Director on third Tuesday
10 active members
on first Tuesday Cascade Gold Foil Study Club
DR. GEORGE L. V ANDEWELL,
Portland Dental Study and Dir'ector
Research Club 9 active members
on fourth Friday
Director
10 active members
Monthly, September through May George Ellsperman Gold Foil
on second Tuesday Seminar
Rose City Dental Research Club DR. GERALD D. STIBBS, Director
10 active members
DR. RAY J. DAVIS, Director Monthly, September through I.lay
10 active members on third 1 hursday
TV. I. Ferrier Study Club University Ferrier Study Club

DR. ROBERT E. HAMPSON, Director DR. RALPH E. PLUMMER, Director
7 active members; 1 associate 10 active members; 1 inactive
member; 4 inactive members member
Monthly, September through May Monthly, September through May
on fourth Tuesday on fourth Tuesday
Vancouver Ferr'ier Study Club

I nter-City Gold Foil Study Club DR. GEORGE A. ELLSPERMAN,
Dit'ector
DR. WALTER K. SPROULE, Director 12 active members; 2 inactive

11 active members; 5 inactive members
members Monthly, September through May
Monthly, Septernber through May on second Thursday, Vancouver
on third Thursday, Vancouver
Washington Dental Study Club
Seattle Dental Study Club DR. DONALD A. SPRATLEY,
Dit'ector
DR. W. I. FERRIER, Di1~ector 13 active members; 2 inactive
8 active members members
Monthly, September through May Monthly, September through May
on fourth Tuesday on second Friday
(All Seattle clubs meet in Study Club rooms in Medical Arts Building
except George Ellsperman Gold Foil Study Club which meets at University
of Washington Dental School. Vancouver clubs meet in Medical-Dental
Building in Vanc8uver.)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Editor of this Journal would like, first of all, to express
appreciation to the members of the Editorial Staff for their un
selfish cooperation and assistance. The comprehensive editing,
condensation and revision of all the articles submitted for pub
lication could not have been achieved without their help.
Secondly, he would like to proffer his gratitude to the Maurice
Leeser Company of Baltimore, Maryland, publisher of the
Journal, and especially to Mr. Victor P. Skruck, President, for
his valuable assistance during the preparation of this issue.
Finally, he would like to express appreciation to Dr. Lester
E. Myers and the Executive Council of the Academy for their
trust in allowing him to serve in the capacity of Editor of the
Journal of the Americar~ A.cademy of Gold Foil Operators. He
is indeed honored a11d feels highly pleased to have been able to
assist the Academy in its desire to promote the use of the rub
ber dam and gold foil in restorative procedures.
The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.

-Ralph Waldo Emerson
SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS OF SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING
Robert B. Wolcott,* D.D.S., M.S., Bainbridge, Maryland
The sixth annual meeting of tIle American Academy of Gold
Foil Operators was held on November 1 and 2, 1957 at Loyola
University Dental School in New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Ralph
Boelsche presided.
Despite mid-year changes which were beyond the control of
the Program Chairman, Dr. Lester Myers and his gracious
friends in New Orleans developed a highly successful program.
The gratitude of the Academy is directed to Dr. Tucker, Dr.
Eastman, Captain Joseph and his fellow dental officers who
assisted our program chairman in every way to provide facil
ities and patients for the program.
Following registration, the scientific program was opened by
the presentation of two splendid essays. Dr. William J. Simon,
Dean, College of Dentistry, State University of Iowa, delivered
an inspiring essay on "The Importance of Gold Foil in Training
Our Future Dentists." This essay was followed by an· equally
valuable paper by Dr. George A. Ellsperman of Bellingham,
Washington, on the subject of "Fundamental Procedures in Gold
Foil Operations." As the Director of the Vancouver Ferrier
Gold Foil Study Club and member of the Seattle Dental Study
Club Dr. Ellsperman is well qualified in teaching fundamentals
even to experts. The Academy expressed its deepest apprecia
tion to both essayists for the inspirations and ideas gained from
their presentations.
Dedication
The 1957 annual meeting at New Orleans was dedicated to
the memory of Dr. Avery Spears, a charter member and former
officer of the Academy. This recognition in his honor was ap
propriate as the meetings were held at the Loyola University
Dental School, where he received his undergraduate training.
The dedication was equally appropriate since Dr. Ralph
Boelsche, his very close friend and colleague from Houston, was
presiding during this meeting 9
•
Clinical Program
In addition to the two formal presentations by Dr. Simon and
Dr. Ellsperman, the scientific program included chair clinics
that were conducted by the following members:
Dr. William P. Higgins, Albion, Nebraska
Dr. LeRoy Burgess, O'Neill, Nebraska
Dr. Michael J. Murray, Omaha, Nebraska
Dr. John C. Bartels, Portland, Oregon
Dr. Robert Q. W. Holland, Houston, Texas
*Captain, Dental Corps, U. S. Navy; Secretary-Treasurer, American
Academy of Gold Foil Operators, 1956-1957.
35
Dr. Adrian E. Cooper, San Diego, California

Dr. Paul L. Deines, Lincoln, Nebraska
Captain Norwood E. Lyons, San Francisco, California
Dr. William S. Kramer, Lincoln, Nebraska
Dr. William M. German, Seattle, Washington
Dr. Harry A. True, San Francisco, California
Dr. L. R. Ludwigsen, San Francisco, California
Dr. James M. Courtney, Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. James W. Kapp, St. Joseph, Missouri
Dr. Alvin L. Goding, Alliance, Nebraska
Dr. Wilburn H. Wilson, Tulsa, Oklahoma
Dr. Floyd E. Hamstrom, Burlington, Washington
Dr. Paul T. Dawson, Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Harold W. Sidwell, Villisca, Iowa
Dr. Jose E. Medina, Baltimore, Maryland
Dr. Benjamin P. Wrbitzky, Hutchinson, Minnesota
As an added attraction, chair clinics demonstrating the func
tioning of the Woodbury Gold Foil Study Club were given by:
Operator Demonstrator
Dr. James H. Wick, Iowa City, Iowa Dr. Alvin L. Goding, Alliance,
Nebraska
Dr. Lyle W. Furst, York, Nebraska Dr. Wilburn H. Wilson, Tulsa,
Oklahoma
Dr. Quentin Q. Quay, Lincoln, Dr. Harold W. Sidwell, Villisca,
Nebraska Iowa
Dr. Stephen F. Dale, Tulsa, Dr. Paul L. Deines, Lincoln,
Oklahoma Nebraska
Dr. Donald N. Taylor, Alliance, Dr. Henry A. Merchant, Omaha,
Nebraska Nebraska
Dr. Emmett R. Hansen, Omaha,
Nebraska
Dr. Robert K. Benkelman, Denver, Dr. William F. Hemphill, Omaha,
Colorado Nebraska
Dr. James E. Chapin, Omaha,
Nebraska
Dr. Donald K. Phillips, Nebraska Dr. James W. Kapp, St. Joseph,
City, Nebraska Missouri
Dr. William W. Walla, Fremont,
Nebraska
Social Program
Nearly 100 members, ladies and guests attended the social
hour and banquet held in the Gold Room of the Roosevelt Hotel
in New Orleans. Two members deserve special recognition for
their interest in the meeting. They were Dr. Jose de Vincente
of San Salvador and Dr. Frank Dorsey of Alaska. The attend
ance was especially gratifying since the meeting could not be
integrated with the Annual Convention of the American Dental
Association in Miami.
Following a typically delightful New Orleans' style dinner the
attention of all was directed to the business meeting.
Business Meeting
Treasurer's Report
As of October 1, 1957 the treasurer reported the following
financial status of the Academy for the year 1956-1957:
Total Receipts $ 8,230.12
Total Disbursements 1,430.95
Balance on Hand $ 6,799.17
Membership Committee
Chairman Merle McGee reported a very successful year in
obtaining new members. Numerous associate members were
encouraged to become active. The tabulations of new members
was as follows:
New Active Members 32
New Associate Members 11
Changed from Associate to Active 34
Individuals have applied for membership from several foreign
countries including Canada, Brazil, Japan, England, and San
Salvador; and from Australia. This world-wide interest in gold
foil work and in the Academy is most heartening.
As of October 1, 1957 the Academy reacfled a new high in its
total membership. The roster showed 209 active, 106 associate,
and 3 honorary memberships. The total membership of 325
included seven whose dues remained unpaid at the time of the
annual meeting.
The Academy complimented Dr. McGee and his excellent com
mittee members for their untiring efforts.
Study Club Committee
This active committee under the chairmanship of Dr. James
P. Vernetti did much to keep alive the interest in study club
activities and to initiate definite programs for starting new
clubs throughout this country and abroad. Much of the infor
mation developed by this committee is available to anyone in
the profession who is desirous of forming study clubs. Data
which have been accumulated for use by subsequent committees
include:
1. Data on all known gold foil groups with names of direc
tors, number of members, and time and place of meetings.
2. Sample outline for starting new clubs, giving suggestions
on creating interest, membership, facilities and procedures for
organization.
3. Sample constitution for new clubs which was compiled
from existing constitutions and by-laws of practically all known
gold foil organizations.
During the year 1956-1957, the Committee answered requests
and offered advice regarding organization of new clubs. Such
inquiries came from numerous localities in the United States
and from these foreign areas: Australia, Brazil, Philippines
and Central America.
It was apparent to all members of this Committee that there
were no gold foil study clubs in the Eastern section of this coun
try. To stimulate interest in such endeavors.. letters and sample
material were forwarded to some of the leaders in the profes

sion located in these states.
As an added program it was proposed that the Academy con
sider compiling a list of necessary gold foil equipment and sup
plies approved by directors of existing clubs, and developing
training aids which could be available through the office of the
Secretary for the purpose of assisting new clubs in their initial
programs.
The report gave recognition to the Woodbury Gold Foil Study
Club which celebrated its Golden Anniversary this past year.
The influence of this fine group has been felt in dentistry for
these many years, and its strength will assure its continued
growth in the future.
Literature Committee
This energetic committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Jose
E. Medina made available to the membership reprints of numer
ous articles which had been published in recent years. These
same reprints were also sent to the secretaries of State Boards
of Dental Examiners and to the deans of each of the dental
schools throughout the country. These articles included: "The
Rubber Dam" by E. J. LaPorte; "Filling a Class V Cavity with
a Combination Mat and Cohesive Gold Foil" by Lester E. Myers;
"Economy of Sound Fundamentals in Operative Dentistry" and
"Role and Evaluation of Gold Foil, Silicate Cement and Acrylic
Resins in Operative Dentistry" by Charles M. Stebner; "Invisi
ble Class III Gold Foil Restorations" by Alexander Jeffery;
"Broader Concepts of Gold Foil" by Bruce B. Smith; "Mat Gold
Foil with a Veneer Cohesive Gold Foil Surface for Class V Res
torations" by John R. Koser and Rex Ingraham.
Schools Committee
The Schools Committee, under the chairmanship of Dr. Paul
Dawson, undertook an interesting and enlightening survey which
is reported as follows:
A Greater North America survey as to the approximate num
ber of gold foil restorations placed, mostly by senior students,
in the dental schools of the United States and Canada was made
by means of a letter and questionnaire sent to the deans of all
dental schools having clinic facilities. Thirty-two deans or de
partmental chairmen responded promptly to the request. The
majority of the schools favored the placement of gold foil res
torations by their students.
East Coast Region
Four states, five schools.
Three schools did not report to the committee.
Both District of Columbia schools have gold foil requirements
and favor the use of gold foil on the Board; however, the
District of Columbia Board does not have a gold foil re
quirement.
Awards are given by each school to deserving students in

Operative Dentistry.
The survey showed approximately 15.1 gold foil restorations
required per student.
Middle Easter1~ Region
Two states, three schools.
State No. 1 does not have a gold foil requirement on the
Board; however, one school favors it being made a Board
requirement.
State No.2 has a gold foil requirement on the Board; how
ever, the schools do not favor gold foil as a Board require
ment.
The survey showed 11.1 gold foil restorations required per
student.
Southern Region
Six states, seven schools.
One school reported in the questionnaire that it does not re
quire gold foil restorations. No awards are given and it
does not favor same. There was no answer as to whether
or not gold foil should be a State Board requirement.
Most schools give awards to deserving students.
student.
Middle Western Region
Seven states, ten schools.
Two schools in this section did not report.
All states have gold foil requirements on the State Boards.
All schools favor gold foil restorations as a Board requirement.
Most schools give awards in Operative Dentistry or favor that
they be given.
student.
South~vestern Regio11,
One state, two schools.
The State Board requires a gold foil restoration. Both schools
favor this as a Board requirement. Awards not given, but
each school favors awards.
student.
Far Western Region.'
Three states, six schools.
All states require gold foil restorations as a Board require
ment.
All schools favor gold foil as a State Board requirement.
Most schools give an award and those who do not favor adop
tion of an award.

student.
Canadian Provinces
Three provinces, three schools.
Province No.1 requires a gold foil restoration on the Board.
Province No.2 does not require a gold foil restoration on the
Board, and the school is doubtful that it should be a Board
requirement.
Province No.3 does not have a gold foil requirement on the
Board, but the school desires that it be a Board requirement.
Awards are given by all schools.
student.
The North American continental over-all average was 15.7
gold foil restorations required per student. There were only a
limited number of Class II and IV restorations required. Most
of the requirements were Class I's, Ill's and V's. According to
the figures given in the questionnaire, a total of 34,445 restora
tions were placed by students (mostly seniors) during the pre
vious year.
Research Committee
The initial efforts of this newly formed Committee were re
ported at the meeting by Dr. Bruce B. Smith, Chairman. Hav
ing gained the assistance of the National Bureau of Standards
the first studies undertaken were to ascertain the Brinell hard
ness of cohesive foil. Results showed a favorable comparison
in Brinell hardness to that of Type A casting gold.
Numerous projected experiments were programmed by the
committee in hopes that future studies could be undertaken by
the Academy.
Visual Education Committee
Many splendid recommendations were presented by this Com
mittee through its Chairman, Dr. John Olson. In order to give
greater recognition and emphasis to the value of training or
visual aids it was recommended that the visual aid materials
be formally placed in the programs of the annual meetings,
and that the individual study clubs prepare and present mate
rials which they have developed.
The Committee considered in detail and made recommenda
tions regarding the procurement and distribution of visual aids
by the Academy. Policies regarding these considerations were
left up to the discretion of the Executive Council at some fu
ture meeting.
Necrology Committee
Dr. Henry Merchant, Chairman of this Committee, read a
resolution prepared in the memory of Dr. Kenneth Lewis who
departed from our midst in the previous year. In his words,
"Our observations lead us to believe that the profession has lost

a champion for excellency in the service of his fellow men. His
contribution toward raising the standards of his profession will
live on through the decades after him." The resolution was
made a part of the record of the Academy and a copy was sent
to his wife, Dr. Elsie Lewis.
Adiournment
Following the committee reports, President Ralph Boelsche
stated that the many accomplishments of the Academy were
good measures of its maturity. He hoped that the good effect
the Academy has had on the entire dental profession would con
tinue in future years. The President also thanked his commit
teemen for their tireless efforts during his administration and
then turned the meeting over to his successor, Dr. Lester E.
Myers of Omaha, Nebraska, who entertained a motion for ad
journment.
PRELIMINARY PROGRAM, SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF GOLD FOIL OPERATORS
DALLAS, TEXAS
The preliminary arrangements for the annual Academy meet

ing to be held November 7 and 8 in Dallas, Texas have been
completed. The Committee responsible for this excellent pro
gram consisted of Dr. James P. Vernetti, General Program
Chairman; Dr. Ralph A. Boelsche, Chairman of Local Arrange
ments; and Dr. Charles F. Bouschor, Chairman of Clinical Ar
rangements. The Academy owes a debt of gratitude to these
men who have worked very diligently in making all the ar
rangements.
The formal presentations and chair clinics will be held at the
College of Dentistry, Baylor University, 800 Hall Street. The
social hour, banquets and business meeting will be held at the
Adolphus Hotel. This hotel will be the headquarters for the
Academy during its seventh annual meeting.
Since this Journal will go to press several weeks prior to the
meeting, it is possible that several changes in the program may
occur. The final program will be available during registration
in Dallas and will contain all additions, deletions or corrections
that may develop.
The members of the Program Committee would like to express
their appreciation to the clinicians participating in this program.
Without their willingness to cooperate in giving of their time,
effort and skill, this seventh annual meeting could not have beea
arranged. The Academy joins the Committee in expressing
grateful thanks to these practitioners for their support.
PROGRAM
Friday, November 7, 1958
9 :00 a.m.-Opening Ceremonies

Call to order IJresident, DR. LESTER E. MYERS
Invocation Chaplain, B. F. BENNETT
Remarks Program Chairman, DR. JAMES P. VERNETTI
9 :15 a.m.-Essay
"The Place of Gold Foil in Dental Education."
DR. ARNE F. ROMNES, Professor and Chairman of Operative Den
tistry, The Dental School at Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
9 :45 a.m.-Television Presentation

CORRELATED EFFICIENCY IN OPERATIVE PROCEDURES
This is a presentation of a Class V gold foil restoration to
show the correlation of operative procedures by the use of
preplanned instrument setups and efficient chairside assisting.
The narration during the operation will be by Dr. Harry A.
True; the operation by Dr. William F. R. True assisted by
Mrs. William True.
11 :45 a.m.-View completed foils at chairside. Large plaster

models showing detail steps will be demonstrated
by Dr. Harry A. True.
12 :00 Noon-Lunch Recess
1 :30 p.m. - 5 :00 p.m.-Chair Clinics-Class V Restorations

DR. LLOYD BAUM, Loma Linda Gold Foil Seminar
Loma Linda, California
DR. CARL L. BOYLES, Houston Gold Foil Study Club
Houston, Texas
DR. HOMER GOULARD, L01na Linda Gold Foil Seminar
Arcadia, California
DR. DANIEL F. HASELNUS, Willamette Dental Research Club
Portland, Oregon
DR. A. MYRON LAWSON, Denver Gold Foil Study Club
Denver, Colorado
CAPTAIN NORWOOD E. LYONS, Golden Gate Study Club
San Francisco, California
DR. ROBERT M. MENDENHALL, Woodbury Study Club of Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
DR. EUGENE S. MERCHANT, Research Study Club of Nebraska
Omaha, Nebraska
DR. ARTHUR J. MONTAGNE, Austin S. Neeb Gold Foil Study Club
Detroit, Michigan
42
DR. AUSTIN S. NEEB, Austin S. Neeb Gold Foil Study Club
Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan
DR. FRANK D. O'NEILL, John C. Metcalf Gold Foil Seminar
Chula Vista, California
DR. H. VERNON WHITCOMB, Rose City Gold Foil Study Club
Portland, Oregon
DR. BENJAMIN P. WRBITZKY, G. V. Black Study Club
Hutchinson, Minnesota
6 :30 p.m.-Social Hour
7 :30 p.m.--Annual Banquet
8 :30 p.m.-Annual Business Meeting
Saturday, November 8, 1958

9 :00 a.m.-Chair Clinics
Class III Restorations
DR. KENNETH R. CANTWELL, Rose City Gold Foil Study Club

Portland, Oregon
DR. ROBERT W. CHAPIN, Woodbury Gold Foil Study Club
Omaha, Nebraska
DR. H. F. GILLARD, Houston Gold Foil Study Club
Houston, Texas
DR. WILLIAM W. HOWARD, Portland Dental Study and Research
Club, Portland, Oregon
DR. WILLIAM O. PUGSLEY, Research Study Club of Nebraska
Fremont, Nebraska
DR. RALPH J. WERNER, G. V. Black Study Club
Menomonie, Wisconsin
DR. ANTON C. ZEMAN, JR., Denver Gold Foil Study Club
Lakewood, Colorado
DR. J. EUGENE ZIEGLER, John C. ~letcalf Gold Foil Study Club of
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Class II Restorations
DR. WILLIAM F. HEMPHILL, Woodbury Gold Foil Study Club
Omaha, Nebraska
DR. WILLIAM S. KRAMER, Woodbury Gold Foil Study Club
Lincoln, Nebraska
12 :00 Noon-Lunch Recess

1 :30 p.m. - 5 :00 p.m.-The Associa~ed Gold Foil Study Clubs
of Washington and British Columbia (J1'ounded
1930; Dr. W. I. Ferrier, Director) present the fol
lowing program:
Table Clinic-University Ferrier Study Club (Founded 1949; Dr.
Ralph E. Plummer, Instructor)
Cavity preparation, instrumentation, preparation of gold foil,
insertion of foil, malleting and condensing, rubber dam technic.
43
Dr. G. Keith Brumwell Dr. Olin M. Loomis
Dr. James E. Edson Dr. Bruce B. Smith
Dr. Kenneth L. Ford Dr. H. E. Rosenberg
Dr. William M. German Dr. William D. White
Dr. M. Leonard Lewis Dr. John H. Williams
Chair Clinics
Seattle Dental Study Club (Founded 1922; Dr. W. 1. Ferrier,
Instructor)
Operator- Observer-
Dr. Robert E. Hampson
G. V. Black Dental Study Club (Founded 1930; Dr. Ralph E.
Plummer, Instructor)
Operator- Observer-
Dr. Michael E. Kennedy Dr. Earl Maston
W. 1. Ferrier Study Club (Founded 1930; Dr. Robert E. Hamp
son, Instructor)
Operator- Observer-
Dr. John B. Kiefer Dr. C. H. Feasel
Vancouver Ferrier Study Club (Founded 1936; Dr. George A.
Ellsperman, Instructor)
Operator- Observer-
Dr. Walter K. Sproule Dr. George C. Darts
Washington Dental Study Club (Founded 1940; Dr. Donald A.
Spratley, Instructor)
Operators- Observer-
Dr. Irving D. Anderson
Dr. Walter B. Martin
Inter-City Gold Foil Study Club (Founded 1947; Dr. Walter K.
Sproule, Instructor)
Operators- Observer-
Dr. John Gansner Dr. Norman C. Ferguson
Dr. J. N. Penzer
Cascade Gold Foil Study Club (Founded 1952; Dr. George L.
Vandewall, Instructor)
Operator- Observer-
Dr. Robert E. Hampson, Jr.
George Ellsperman Gold Foil Study Club (Founded 1956; Dr.
Gerald D. Stibbs, Instructor)
Operators- Observers-
Dr. Kenneth N. Morrison Dr. Gerald D. Stibbs
Dr. A. F. Dolan Dr. A. Ian Hamilton
6 :30 p.m.-Dinner and Critique of Meeting Demonstrations

Introduction Dr. Floyd E. Hamstrom
Essay-"Organization and Formation of Gold Foil Study Clubs"
Dr. Robert E. Hampson, Instructor, W. 1. Ferrier Study Club
Report of Observers of the afternoon chair clinics
Comments and criticism of afternoon chair clinics
Dr. George A. Ellsperman, Instructor, W. 1. Ferrier Study Club
Dr. Ralph E. Plummer, Instructor, G. V. Black Dental Study
Club and Cascade Dental Study Club
Open discussion
Adjournment
44

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The Journal of the

American Academy of Gold Foil Operators

JOSE E. MEDINA, Edilar

HERBERT D. COY HARRY A. TRUE

The Jow'nal of the Ame)'ican Academy of Gold FO'il 01JeJ"atol'S is pUb­

The President's Message 6

From the Editor's Desk . 8

Academy to Help in Forming New Study Clubs 9

"Fundamental Procedures in Gold Foil Operations"­

Membership Key and Certificate 17

"A Different Approach to the Pl'oximoincisal Gold Foil

Restoration"-John H. Nolen, D.D.S. 18

Interim Academy Meeting 27

A History of the Academy. Chapter 1. Some of the Events

Leading to the Formation of the American Academy

of Gold Foil Operators-Ralph E. Plummer, D.M.D.;

Bruce B. Smith, D.M.D. and Gerald D. Stibbs, D.M.D. __ 28

The 1958 Academy Awal'ds, 30

Gold Foil Study Clubs-A Geographical Guide 32

Summary of Proceedings of Sixth Annual Meeting-

Robert B. Wolcott, D.D.S., M.S. 35

Preliminary Program, Seventh Annual Meeting, American

Academy of Gold Foil Operators, Dallas, Texas 41

Membership Committee Rubber Dam Committee

J AJ.\tIES W. KAPP CHARLES E. CARARA

AUSTIN S. NEEB VICTOR H. CARPENTER

ARNE F. ROMNES CHARLES M. STEBNER

D. F.BOURASSA, Chairman FLOYD E. HAMSTROM

RAY A. COLLINS R. N. OGILVIE

WILLIAM A. WALLA DONALD C. STENBERG

Literature Committee Study Club Committee

JOHN H. NOLEN MILES R. MARKLEY

HARRY A. TRUE PAUL A. MOORE

CAPTAIN ROBERT B. WOLCOTT KENNETH V. RANDOLPH

State Board Committee History Committee

School Committee Dental Research Comn:ittee

James P. Vernetti, D.D.S.,

Charles C. Latham, D.D.S.,

It has been a delightful surprise to observe the interest being

I wish to be simple, honest, frank, natural, clean in body and mind,

The development of the Journal of the American Academy of

This material is supplemented by several items pertaining to

ACADEMY TO HELP IN FORMING NEW STUDY CLUBS

irregular margins, the completed foil will rightly b~ing unhap­

should overlap the preceding one by half. The surface of the

---------~~~~_P_~-------- ------ 1{2------~----~----~

decrease in finishing time. The sizes of hand-rolled cylinders

MEMBERSHIP KEY AND CERTIFICATE

John H. Nolen, D.D.S., Muskegon, Michigan

Diagnosis or Selection of Cases

Most cavities can be entered with a sharp thin-bladed chisel

straight handpiece bur in the linguoaxial line angle and only

Fig. 4- Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7

To assist in gaining a better view of this retentive area,

it with judicious use of a bur, and then proceed to cover it with

Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16

INTERIM ACADEMY MEETING

Gerald D. Stibbs,t D.M.D., Seattle, Washington

Chapter I. Some of the Events Leading to the Formation of the

it was now important to "go through the proper channels" and

can do." Dr. Victor Ernst mentioned the fifty-year-old G. V.

THE 1958 ACADEMY AWARDS

HAROLD GENE CARTER, The University of Kansas City

The Jow'nal of the Ame)'ican Academy of Gold FO'il 01JeJ"atol'S is pUb

"Fundamental Procedures in Gold Foil Operations"

irregular margins, the completed foil will rightly b~ing unhap

"The American Academy of Gold Foil Opera

Southern California, Los An

material were forwarded to some of the leaders in the profes

The preliminary arrangements for the annual Academy meet