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Mass inflow rate ! Mass outflow rate = Net mass inflow rate
= Change in mass storage with time, [MT !1] (1)
2. General Form
For a REV, let be the mass flux vector, moles/L2/T, the LHS of Eq 1 = , denoting net mass
inflow rate per unit volume
If changes in mass in the REV changes in concentration, the RHS of Eq 1 = , denoting time
rate of change of mass per unit volume
(2)
(3)
(4)
If n not changing with space & time, and constant spatially, (4) becomes the diffusion equation
(5)
or
(6)
If the net concentration does not change with time, (6) is simplified to Laplace equation
1
4. The Advection–Diffusion Equation
(7)
(8)
Expanding the advection term and assuming constant (over space) and n (over time & space)
gives
(9)
(10)
(11)
Combining diffusion and mechanical dispersion processes and assuming the hydrodynamic
2
dispersion coefficient constant over space yields
(12)
If small, (12) reverts to the advection– diffusion equation; further, if no advection, it reduces to
the diffusion equation