Naui Scuba Diver

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Your open water certification qualifies you t dive in conditions simila

Your open water certification means:
r to those in which you did your open water certification dives.

When you dive in cold water, strong currents, or make beach entrie
When is diving particularly strenuous?
s through surf.

The best way to stay fir for diving is... to dive regularly or swim with mask, fins and snorkel.

What substances should never be used before diving because they

alcohol, weed, cocaine
alter your physiology and affect your ability to think clearly?

If you are ill and do not feel well enough to dive without medication You should not dive because the effects of the drug can be changed
what should you do? by the pressure in unpredictable ways.

The comfort and fit of each item you wear is extremely important

you wear most pieces of dive gear directly on you body.
because ...

What's the most important consideration when you select a mask? Whether the mask fits your face.

A tempered glass lens to help resist breaking and avoid injury if the
What is one essential feature of a mask?
lens breaks.
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How long should your snorkel be? 30-35 cm [12-14 inches]

What happens if your snorkel is too short? It will constantly fill with water.

What happens if your snorkel is too long? It will be harder to get a good breath of fresh air.

No less than 2 cm [3/4 of an inch] If it's too small, it's like breathing
What should the inside diameter of the snorkel be?
through a straw. If it's too big, it's awkward to clear.

What must you wear with heal-strap fins to protect your feet from
Booties T/WB
blisters?

What can cause your legs to cramp and will not be comfortable? Fins that are too large and stiff for your legs muscles. WB only

In some areas of the world you aren't allowed to wear gloves when
RESPONSIBLE DIVING PRACTICE you dive. This ensures that you will not touch the reef and harm th
e delicate corals. Cozumel, Mexico is one example.

Why shouldn't you leave your gear in the sun anymore than necess Sunlight and hear are extremely damaging to scuba gear and neop
ary? rene.
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What should you do with your gear after every diving day? Rinse everything with fresh water.

Soak your gear overnight in fresh water then rinse it thoroughly wit
What should you do at the end of your diving trip?
h fresh water.

Where should you store your gear? A cool dry place like a closet.

What should you do before you store your gear? Make suer it's dry.

What are most dive cylinders make of? Dave tanks is another term
Aluminum or Steel p20
for cylinder.

They are more resistant to exterior damage than aluminum, but if

What should you remember about steel cylinders? water gets into the tank it will CORRODE AND FORM RUST inside. Th
is ruins the tank. WB only p20

-The serial number of the cylinder, it is unique for each cylinder ma

What marking is included on the shoulder of each cylinder?
de by a single manufacturer. p21

-The material that the cylinder is made of -The hydrostatic testing d

What marking is included on the shoulder of each cylinder?
ate of the cylinder 8/97 means it was tested in Aug. of 1987 p22
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You open the valve by turning a handle/knob counterclockwise and

close the valve by turning the knob clockwise, as seen from the top
How do you open a valve on a cylinder?
of the valve handle. So when you're looking down at it. p22 WB onl
y

What is every cylinder valve equipped with? A pressure relief disk or burst disk. p23 WB only

How often does a dive cylinder have to be inspected internally and

once per year p23 T/WB
externally?

Who must perform the internal and external inspection? A certified cylinder inspector p23 T/WB

Where should you take your cylinder to be internally and externally

A professional dive shop or dive-equipment repair facility p23 T/WB
inspected?

Every 5 years or whenever the cylinder must be cleaned by tumbli

How often, in the US, is hydrostatic testing required?
ng. p24 T/WB

with some pressure in the cylinder. In steel tanks, this ensures that
How should you store a cylinder long term (for a long time)?
water can't enter the cylinder and cause corrosion. p24

The high-pressure air from the cylinder is reduced to approximately

Regulators: First Stage, what does it do?
10 bar (150 psi) above the pressure surrounding the cylinder. p25
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Regulators: Where is your submersible pressure gauge attached. To a high-pressure port on the FIRST STAGE of your regulator. p25

Regulators: What does your submersible pressure gauge monitor? Your air supply. p25 WB only

Further resuces the air pressure from approximately 10 bar (150 ps

Regulators: Second Stage, what does it do? i) above the surrounding pressure to whatever the ambient pressur
e is. p26

if you plan on doing deep, wreck, cave. or ice diving, or if you do u

When will you need a high performance regulator?
nderwater hunting p26 WB

What is the most common alternate air source? An octopus regulator p26

The octopus regulator is an additional second stage that allows you

What is an octopus regulator?
to share air from your cylinder with another diver. p26

A combination regulator and power-inflator for your buoyancy comp

What is another type of alternate air source?
ensator that fits on its power-inflator hose. p27

An excellent backup for ourself if you and your buddy get separate
What does contingency scuba provide?
d under water. p27 WB
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depth, bottom time, direction, and air supply (how much air you ha
What do gauge and instruments tell a diver?
ve in the cylinder at any given time) p27

It puts all your gauges in one handy unit. It streamlines your gauge
What is a dive console and what does it do?
s into one unit. p27 WB

Is a submersible pressure gauge (SPG) a required piece of equipme

YES p28
nt for scuba diving?

What does a depth gauge do? Monitors your depth when you dive. p28

Your depth and the duration of your dive at any particular depth ar
Why do you monitor your depth when you dive? e limited by a number of factors, so you need to know and monitor
your depth. p28

Why is a depth gauge that uses a capillary tube very useful at dept
hs above 12 meters/40 ft. but not recommended for deeper depths The scale size becomes too small for accurate readings. p29 WB
?

A diving compass must have a reference line, called a lubber line,

What must a diving compass have?
used as the direction of travel. p30

You should replace the dust cap that fits over the inlet to the first s
What should you do when your regulator is off the cylinder?
tage whenever your regulator is off a cylinder. p30
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Never press the purge button when running water through the mou
Just know this. p30 WB
th piece of your regulator.

How often must you have your regulator serviced by a certified rep
At least once a year. p30
air technician?

What two things must you keep track of when you dive? Your depth and time you stay under water. p31

A rotating bezel around the dial of the watch or a stopwatch feature

Know this for WB. WB 31
will measure elapsed dive time.

At a minimum, what 4 things should a dive computer record or disp maximum depth current depth actual dive time remaining allowable
lay? dive time p32

-an overpressure relief valve -inflator/deflator hose that is at least

Buoyancy Compensator [BC] What must a BC be equipped with? 2 cm. in diameter -power-inflator mechanism and deflator/oral inflat
or valve at the end of the inflator/deflator hose p33

You wear a weight belt to offset the buoyancy of your body, your w
Why do you wear a weight belt when you dive?
etsuit, ad other diving gear you are wearing. p36

All weight systems must have a quick release that enables you to d
What must the weight system you choose have?
itch your weights with one hand. p37
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What is a contributing factor in many diving accidents? cold water p37

When you get cold underwater you lose your ability to perform at y
Why is it essential to wear the tight thermal protection for the condi
our best. Heat loss under water affects your ability to think and you
tions where you dive?
fatigue rapidly. p37

they are working tools used for may purposes. It's most important f
unction might be to cut fishing line or nets if you get tangled in the
What are dive knives used for?
m under water. They are not to fight sharks as you may have seen
on TV. p42

Select a dive knife that is the most appropriate for the diving you d
o. An underwater hunter might want a thin sharp blade while a wre
How should you select a dive knife?
ck diver might want a knife with a heavy blunt tip for prying and po
unding. p43

The key to a successful surface dive is to get as much of your body

What is the key to a successful surface dive?
our of the water as possible. p52

You must know how your buddy's equipment works and they must
Just know this. p61
know how to operate yours in case of an emergency.

You should make sure that the entry area below you is clear and su
What general rule applies to most boat and platform entries?
fficiently deep for the type of entry you are using. p62

Take in a deep breath and hold it while you hang in the water motio
How do you check your buoyancy at the surface?
nless. If you re properly weighted, you will float at eye level. p73
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When descending, exhale and begin your feet-first decent. Remem
ber to breath out completely and then take in a small breath of air.
What happens when you are wearing a wetsuit and make descents
in open water?
What is the maximum speed of ascent?
What are the benefits of descending feet-first?
Emergency Swimming Ascent You do this when you run out of air a
t shallower depths. [18 meters/60 ft.] It can be done at deeper dep
ths, but having contingency air supply is superior and recommende
d for deeper dives.
Surface Communication You will use different types of audible and
visual signals to communicate.
In what direction do ripple marks on the bottom form.
What are some examples of underwater landmarks? These help yo
u navigate and keep track of your position under water.
Just know this. p73
You will lose buoyancy as the pressure of the water compresses yo
u wetsuit. You need to add small amounts of air to your BC to comp
ensate for the compression of the wetsuit. p74
Your rate of ascent must not exceed a speed of 9 meters/30 feet p
er minute if you are using dive tables. p75
Descending feet first gives you better control of your speed, buoya
ncy, and ability to clear your ears. p74
-look up to maintain an open airway -swim to the surface while exh
aling a continuous stream of bubbles from your regulator -keep the
regulator in your mouth during an emergency ascent, as the water
pressure decrease, you will get another small breath of air from yo
ur cylinder. -be ready to vent air from your BC to control your buoy
ancy during the ascent p79
You use some of the standard hand signals at the surface. If you w
ave to someone from the surface, it is a sign of distress, NOT a wa
y to say hello. p84
Ripple marks in the sand on the bottom form parallel to the shore.
p87
rock formations large and unique plants crevices wrecks p88
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Water has weight. 1L of fresh water weighs 1.0 kilograms; 1L of sal

Air has weight. One liter of air weighs 1.25 grams In the Imperial S
t water is 1.025 kg. Imperial system uses cubic feet. 1 cubic foot of
ystem it's .08 pounds per cubic foot p84
water weighs 62.4 lbs; 64 lbs. per cubic foot of salt water

Refraction (the bending and slowing of light rays) makes objects ap

What effect does refraction have on object under water? pear 1/3 closer and larger than they do in air. So things are smaller
and farther away than they look under water.

Colors look different underwater. As light passes through water, th

Red is the first visible color to be absorbed, then orange, yellow, gr
e water absorbs the colors of the spectrum. What order does this h
een, blue, indigo and finally violet. p95
appen in?

Water has a greater density so sound travels about four times faste
Why do sound waves travel faster in water than in air? r in water than in air. It's hard to tell the source of sound underwate
r. p96

Water is denser than air and can conduct a great deal of heat with Heat can be conducted out of your body by direct contact with wat
out changing temperature. What does this have to do with diving. er nearly 25 times faster than by air.

If your equipment is sleek and compact it will be easier for you to s

p97 Equipment Just know this. Water resists your movement, this is
wim than if you have gear dangling off you. The more streamline y
called drag. p97
ou are, the less drag you will experience.

The object displaces a amount of water that weighs more than the
Buoyancy p98 Positive buoyancy, an object with positive buoyancy object does. In other words the object is less dense than the water.
floats. Why? You want to float when you are at the surface before and after you
dive.

p99 Bubbles in your wetsuit compress as you go deeper so the wet

To compensate for loss of buoyancy you must add air to your BC. T
suit displaces less water and looses buoyancy. What do you have t
his increases your volume to regain the lost buoyancy.
o do to How do you compensate for this?
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Pressure is measured in bars. A bar is measured in pounds per squ

p101 What does the term "bar" refer to?
are inch. (psi)

10.3 meters/34 feet of fresh water is equivalent of 1 atmosphere o

p101 Water exerts pressure on you as you descend. Just know this.
f pressure.

pg. 102 Just know this. Water is not compressible and transmits pre In other words, 10 meters, (33 feet) of salt water equals 1 atmosph
ssure freely. Pressure in water increases at a constant rate and pre ere; 20 meters (66 feet) of salt water equals 2 atmosphere; 30 met
ssure is cumulative. ers )99 feet) of salt water equals 3 atmosphere

Absolute pressure is the pressure of the water above you plus the
pressure of the air above the water. At sea level it's water pressure
pg. 102 What is the difference between absolute pressure (ata) and
plus 1 atmosphere. Gauge pressure is only the pressure of the wat
gauge pressure
er above you. Most diving depth gauges (pressure gauges) are cali
brated or adjusted to read zero at sea level.

As pressure on air increases, the volume decreases. At 10 meters/

pg. 103 There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volu 33 feet of sea water or 2 ata, the pressure has doubled and the vol
me. This is known as Boyle's Law ume of a given amount of air has decreased to half of the original
surface volume.

The rate at which you consume the air in your cylinder is directly pr
oportional to the depth of your dive. You consume twice the air at 1
pg. 105 How does pressure affect air consumption?
0 meters/33 feet as you do on the surface three times at 20m/66ft.
and so on

pg.105 What other factors affect the rate at which you consume air Your activity level during the dive. Your mental state. Your body siz
on your dive? e. Your level of physical fitness.

pg. 105 [book only] Besides depth, what has the greatest effect on Physical Activity under water. You can use up to four times as much
you r air consumption under water? air when you are exerting yourself than when resting.
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You should develop a slow and relaxed breathing pattern as well as

pg.105 As a diver, what breathing pattern should you think about d
a slow rate of breathing. When you swim fast under water, you bre
eveloping under water?
athe more deeply and ore often.

Larger people have larger lungs and use more air than smaller peo
pg. 106 How does physical size affect air consumption?
ple who have smaller lungs and smaller overall metabolic needs.

pg. 107 How do you equalize your middle ear and avoid ear squeez You equalize your middle ear by moving air from your throat throu
e? gh the Eustachian tube into your middle ear.