Blow room and its function

Blow room
Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed
and evened.
The whole machine is subject to suction and the dust is collected in special filters; the material,
on the other hand, undergoing contemporaneously, the rotary action of the cylinder and suction
along the operating width, effects a helical movement around the drum and exits from the side
opposite to that on which it entered. It is then transferred by the delivery hopper into the
transportation conduit.

Yarn Spinning, Blow Room Function:

Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed,
micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture,
fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. The basic functions of
blow room are opening, cleaning, dust removal, blending and evenly feeding the material on the
card.

Functions of Blow Room:

Opening:
1. The opening is the first operation within the blow room in which the goal is always a
high degree of openness of material with gentle treatment and a fiber loss as less as
possible.
2. The opening is the first operation it means, tearing apart the compressed and matted
cotton until it is very much loosened and separated into small tufts with a gentle
treatment, and a fiber loss as small as possible.
3. The opening is also related to cleaning as where is opening there is also cleaning.
Cleaning:
1. Cotton contains up to 18% trash in most cases. To clean the material it is unavoidable to
remove as much fiber as much waste.
2. Therefore it is necessary to measure the amount of the waste removed and its
composition. As it is of high importance also called cleaning efficiency.
3. The cleaning efficiency always has to be optimized and not maximized, since the fiber
quality (short fibers, neps), as well as fiber loss, is always negatively affected by
maximum trash removal.

Dust removal:
1. To extract the contamination in the cotton such as leaf, stone, iron particles, jute, poly
propylene, colored fibers, feather and other foreign material from cotton by opening and
beating.

2. An often underestimated task of the blow room line is the removal of dust. However, it is
as important as the removal of impurities.
3. Dedusting in the blow room happens by air suctioning only, either between the machines,
e.g. by dust cages, dust extractors, etc. or within the machine by normal air separation.
4. Every blow room machine must be capable of extracting dust, so that special dedusting
machines should be needed.
5. The efficiency depends not only on the devices but also on the size of the flocks. The
smaller the flocks, the higher is the efficiency.

Blending Mixing:
1. The blending of fiber material is an essential preliminary in the production of a yarn.
2. Fibers can be blended at various stages of the process. These possibilities should always
be fully exploited, for example, by transverse doubling.
3. However, the starting process is one of the most important stages for blending, since the
components are still separate and therefore can be metered exactly and without
dependence upon random effects.
4. A well-assembled bale layout and even (and as far as possible, simultaneous) extraction
of fibers from all bales is therefore of paramount importance.

Machines of blow room and it’s function

Bale Breaker:
Bale breaker is the first major machine in blowroom line for ring spinning.
Objective :

1. To open the tuft of cotton.

2. To mix & blend the fiber.
3. To remove a considerable amount of trash from fiber which is taken out by fan.
4. To act as a reserver box for the next machine.

Function of Bale Opener Machine:

1. Regulating motion by swing paddle.
2. Air suctioning.
3. Beating action.
4. Spiked lattice action.

Axe Flow cleaner:

The major object of axe flow
cleaner are opening and
cleaning , It is used in the blow room after bale breaker .
The feeding of materials takes place by means of air currents produced by a condenser .
This is also know as dual roller cleaner
This machine has two beaters having 6 to 8 rows of spikes with flattened edge which perform
cleaning action.
Beaters speed is 400 to 600 rpm

Step cleaner:
Step cleaner or ultra cleaner or super cleaner machine is one of the most important
machines which are significantly used in blow room section of spinning industry. This type
of machine is used for opening and cleaning the impurities from the cotton tuft. This
article has shown the objects and working procedure of a step cleaner or ultra cleaner
or super cleaner machine.
Objects of Step Cleaner or Ultra Cleaner Machine in Textile Spinning:
There are various key objects of a step cleaner or ultra cleaner machine which are mentioned in
the below:
1. To open and clean the cotton tuft by opposite spikes and beating action.
2. To remove heavy impurities such as leaves, stalk, motes, sand without damaging the
fibre.
3. To make or convert the cotton tuft to small size of cotton fibre.

Parts of Ultra Cleaner Or Step Cleaner Machine in Spinning:

Different parts of a step cleaner or ultra cleaner m/c used in textile manufacturing sector
are-
1. Feed roller,
2. Six beaters,
3. Baffle plate,
4. Grid bar.

Working Procedure of Step Ultra Cleaner Or Ultra Cleaner Machine Used in

Textile Industry:
The total working procedure of a step cleaner or ultra cleaner m/c has described in the following:
1. The cotton or materials falls into the feed hopper.
2. Then it passes to the first beater.
3. After that, it is transported upwards by the six beater rollers where each carrying profiled
bars and the beaters are arranged on a line inclined upwards at the angle 45°.
4. The trashes are extracted by the help of opposite spike and beating function extracts the
trashes and falls into the chamber through grid bars hole.
5. After that, cotton tuft opened and make small sized tuft with the beating action.
6. A buckle is in the middle of per twp beaters and it controls the flow of materials.

Krischner Beater:
Objective:
To comb and extract the lighter impurities from cotton.
Kirschner Beater has 3 arms like 3 Bladed beater but in place of blades there are wooden lag(5.5
inch wide) carrying a large no. of steel pins (24 Rows) and inclined in the direction of rotation
and project about 3/8 inch from surface of wooden lag. So, instead of beating ,here combing
action is achieved.
The sheet of cotton delivered from feed roll is combed by the revolving steel pins of the beater
against the grid across the width of the machine. Lighter impurities are thoroughly extracted
from cotton and passed through the grid bars.

For what type of cotton you will prefer Kirschhner beater ?

Due to its minor cleaning action ie extraction of lighter impurities by combing action on cotton,
it is cal1ed as miner cleaning point and is best suitable to process long staple & fine cotton.
Because i) trash content is less in fine cotton. ii) Severe beating by Major cleaning points are not
recommended for fine cotton, because severe beating will increase the neps & damage the
fine/long staples of cotton.

Scutcher:
Objective OF the scutcher are:

1. To further break down and clean the cotton tufts by a beater

2. To convert the mass of cotton fibres into a uniform thick sheet of cotton both
longitudinally and transversely and wound in the form of a compactly built lap.
MATERIAL PASSAGE IN DOUBLE BEATER SCUTCHER LINE:
1. Two way distributer distribute the cotton from opening and
cleaning line of Blow room line into two scutcher equally.
Consider with fan Suck the material from two way
2. Distributor and feed it to the reserve bin of hopper feeder.
 Hopper feeder ( with Reserve feed & delivery ) mix, comb,
3. Open and clean the cotton. At last it provide uniform feeding of cotton upon the lattice,
across the full width of scutcher.
 Pedal feed motion control the feed and maintain the weight
4. Of cotton fed per unit time as constant for lap weight uniformity.
 3 Bladed Beater Open and clean the cotton.
 Cage with fan Suck the material from Bladed beater,
5. extract the lighter impurities and it provide uniform feeding as a 3
6. Sheet form on lattice across the full width of the scutcher.
 Again one set of pedal feed motion, 2 Bladed Beater & cage
7. With fan is placed and above mentioned works repeated.
8. At last, calender Roller section Compress the sheet of which is delivered from cage.
9. Compressed sheet of cotton now pass under the dead roller. and is wound on lap roller,
which is called lap.