HYDRAULICS LAB MANUAL 2015-CIV-13

Experiment No. 3
To Study the Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump in Lab Flume

3.1.Objectives
1) Physical measurement of hydraulic jump.
2) Measure various dimensions of hydraulic jump (Length and depth of the jump and head
loss).
3) Type of the jump.
3.2. Apparatus
1) S-6 Glass Sided Tilted Flume
2) Point gauge
3.3. Related Theory
3.3.1. Hydraulic Jump
The rise of water level, which takes place due to transformation of super critical flow to sub
critical flow, is termed as hydraulic jump.

3.3.2. Application of Hydraulic Jump

a. To dissipate the energy of water flowing over the hydraulic structures and thus preventing
scouring (vertical erosion) downstream of structures.
b. To recover head or raise the water level on the downstream of a hydraulic structure and
thus to maintain high water level in the channel for irrigation or other water distribution
purposes.
c. To reduce uplift pressure under the structure by raising water depth.
d. To mix chemicals used for water filtration.
3.3.3. Length of Hydraulic Jump
The length between two sections where one section is taken just before the hydraulic jump and
second section is taken just after the hydraulic jump is termed as length of hydraulic jump.
Approximate length of hydraulic jump = 5 -7 times depth of hydraulic jump

3.3.4. Conjugate Depths

The depth of flow just before and after the hydraulic jump are called as conjugate depths
(y1 & y2).
3.3.5. Depth of Hydraulic Jump
Depth is expressed as
HYDRAULICS LAB MANUAL 2015-CIV-13

𝐷 = 𝑌2 − 𝑌1

𝑌1
𝑌2 = + [−1 + √1 + 8𝐹𝑁1 2 ]
2
𝑌2
𝑌1 = + [−1 + √1 + 8𝐹𝑁2 2 ]
2
𝑣
𝐹𝑁1 =
√𝑔𝑦1
𝑣
𝐹𝑁2 =
√𝑔𝑦2
Where
Y1 = depth of flow just before the formation of hydraulic jump.
Y2 = depth of flow after the end of hydraulic jump.

3.3.6. Energy Loss

(𝑌2 − 𝑌1 )2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝛥𝐸 =
4𝑌2 𝑌1
3.3.7. Type of Jumps
There are five type of the jumps

Type of Jump FN Energy Dissipation

Undular Jump 1.1 - 1.7 < 5%
Weak Jump 1.7 - 2.5 5% - 15%
Oscillating
2.5 - 4.5 15% - 45%
Jump
Steady Jump 4.5 - 9 45% - 70%
Strong Jump >9 70% - 85%

3.4. Procedure
1) Adjust the S-6 Tilting flume at a slope and check if there is any problem in arrangement
or anything residual inside the flume causing obstruction in flow.
2) Setup a specific discharge in the flume.
3) Note down the normal depth and depth of the water surface before, after the hydraulic
jump and note corresponding distances.
4) Repeat the above procedure with by increasing discharge.
5) Complete the table of observations.
3.5. Observations and Calculations

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2015-CIV-13

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Width(B) 300 mm Length of the Fume 10 m
Y
Q q Yavg Depth of Jump Length of Jump Vavg hL FN
Sr# Before Jump After Jump E1=Y1+v2/2g E2=Y2+v2/2g Type of Jump
(m3/)s (m2/)s (mm) (mm) (m) (mm) (m) (m/s) (m) (N)
1 0.014963 0.049877 32.7 66.7 0.0497 34 1.259 1.003555 0.08403139 0.11803139 0.034 1.437237 Undular Jump
HYDRAULICS LAB MANUAL
HYDRAULICS LAB MANUAL 2015-CIV-13

3.6. Precautions
a. The reading measurement at the hydraulic jump is difficult, so note the flow carefully and
take the reading at desired point.
b. The height should not be measured near the joints or at points where there is turbulence in
flume.
c. The height-measuring needle must be adjusted precisely.
d. The tip of the needle must be just touching the water surface while taking observations.
3.7. Comments
As the value of FN is 1.43, which is in between 1.1 and 1.7 so the type of the jump is the
Undular. It is having energy dissipation less than 5%.