PERCEPTION (Perception Management)

 Process by which people select, organize, retrieve, and respond to information from their environment.
Factors Influencing Perception
A. The Perceiver – person who perceives the target. His perception of the target by factors that are unique to him like:
 His past experience
 His needs and motives
 His personality
 His values and attitudes
B. The Target – the person, object, or event that is perceived by another person
C. The Situation – perception is also affected by the surrounding environment
 Time
 Work setting
 Social setting

EMOTION
 Any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain pleasure or displeasure.
 Emotions are complex in that some emotions looks very similar but in reality they’re not.
Main Components of Emotion
1. Physiological – this how our body reacts to certain stimuli
2. Behavioral – this is how we ourselves reacts to a certain circumstances
3. Cognitive - this is how we mentally reacts to a certain happening

ROBERT PLUTCHIK
 A psychologist
 A professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
 He proposed these theory:
8 main emotions:
1. Fear – feeling of being afraid
2. Sadness – feeling of being sad and sorrowful
3. Anger – feeling of being angry
4. Joy – same as happiness
5. Surprise – unprepared for something; unexpected happening
6. Trust – a positive emotion
7. Anticipation – looking forward of something positive
8. Disgust – knowing something is wrong or nasty

MOTIVATION
 the general or willingness of someone to do something
A. Extrinsic Motivation – refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of
motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.
B. Intrinsic Motivation – refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arise
from within the individual because it is naturally satisfying to you.

ATTRIBUTION
 The process of inferring the cause of events or behaviors. In real life, attribution is something we all do every day, usually without
any awareness of the underlying processes and biases that lead to our inferences.
A. Interpersonal Attribution – when telling a story to a group of friends or acquaintances, you are likely to tell the story in a way that places
you in the best possible light.
B. Predictive Attribution – we also tend to attribute things in ways that allow us to make future prediction
C. Explanatory Attribution – we use explanatory attributions to help us make sense of the world around us. Some people have an optimistic
explanatory style, while others tend to be more pessimistic.

Why Is Attribution Theory Important?

 Attribution theory is important for organizations because it can help managers understand some of the causes of employee behavior
and can assist employees in understanding their thinking about their own behaviors.

ATTRIBUTION THEORY – attempts to explain some of the causes of our behavior. According to the theory, to be able to understand the reason for
the actions you take and understand the reasons behind the actions other people take. You want to attribute causes to these behaviors, which
should give you some feeling of control over your own behaviors and related situations.

A. Internal Cause – those factors that are attributed to the person being observed. Internal causes are usually controllable.
B. External Cause – attributed to factors outside of the person being observed. External causes are often not controllable, such as luck.