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Giampiero Caronno
Sales Manager, Equipment Division
Foster Wheeler Italiana Spa
Contents
• Improper operation
Stack
Stack effect in
stack
Damper Stack
effect in
convection
section
Convection
section
Negative pressure
0.05” – 0.1” W.G.
at top of radiant
section
0.05” –
0.1” W.G.
draft.
Draft at
Radiant section
radiant
section
outlet, R0
Stack effect in
radiant section
Natural draft
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Fired Heaters – Enhancing Refinery Profitability
Design Basis
• How many fired heaters work in line with the design basis ?
+ +
Heat Load Fouling
+
Excess Air
=
EFFICIENCY REDUCTION
Excess air % 20 40
Stack temperature °C 400 400
Heat fired Gcal/h 65.82 67.36
Yearly saving € 259,200
Reduce
emissions
Increase
capacity
Optimize
fired heaters
performance
Maximization
unit profitability
Reduce utility
consumption
Minimize
operating
cost
Maximize
on-stream time
Draft shortage
Reduce firing rate
Reduce
High tube metal temperature
emissions
Replace burners Flame impingement
Increase Limited firing capacity
capacity Coke formation inside tubes
Optimize Firing control difficulties
Optimize firing Limited heat transfer surface
fired heaters
Uniform conditions performance
APH installation
Reduce utility Add extra surface
consumption
Cleaning surfaces
Instrumentation improvement
Minimize
Automatic devices operating
Internal tube cleaning cost Maximize Proper operation
Fire cheap fuels on-stream time Maintenance schedule
Excess air % 40 20
Emission reductions
Reduce
H.I. Low Nox Low emissions
burners burners Nox
low eff. w/APH
Heater efficiency % 77.2 79 90
Excess air % 40 20 20
Original
Low velocity
fired heater
inside tubes design
Net efficiency, % 72 90
Net efficiency, % 65 82
Process
Dampers & stack
Re-rating
Fans and
blowers
Pressure profile
Mechanical
Heat recovery
section
Burners operation
Pressure parts Emission
reductions
Tube supports & tube
sheets
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Thank you
Giampiero Caronno
Sales Manager, Equipment Division
Foster Wheeler Italiana Spa
refining@fwc.com www.fwc.com