LARA JANE A.

LOPEGA
CE501-CE51FB2

Nuclear power plant

Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that uses the process of nuclear fission in

order to generate electricity. They do this by using nuclear reactors in combination with the

Rankine cycle, where the heat generated by the reactor converts water into steam, which spins a

turbine and a generator. Nuclear power provides the world with around 11% of its total

electricity, with the largest producers being the United States and France.

Aside from the source of heat, nuclear power plants run very similar to coal-fired power

plants. They require different safety measures however, since the use of nuclear fuel has vastly

different properties from coal or other fossil fuels. They get their thermal power from splitting

the nuclei of atoms in their reactor core, with uranium being the dominant choice of fuel in the

world today. Thorium also has potential use in nuclear power production; however it is not

currently in use. Below is the basic operation of a boiling water power plant, which shows the

many components of a power plant, along with the generation of electricity.

A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of

certain elements. In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to

generate electricity. (In a research reactor the main purpose is to utilise the actual neutrons

produced in the core. In most naval reactors, steam drives a turbine directly for propulsion.)

The principles for using nuclear power to produce electricity are the same for most types

of reactor. The energy released from continuous fission of the atoms of the fuel is harnessed as

heat in either a gas or water, and is used to produce steam. The steam is used to drive the turbines

which produce electricity (as in most fossil fuel plants).

LARA JANE A. LOPEGA
CE501-CE51FB2
The world's first nuclear reactors operated naturally in a uranium deposit about two

billion years ago. These were in rich uranium orebodies and moderated by percolating rainwater.

The 17 known at Oklo in west Africa, each less than 100 kW thermal, together consumed about

six tonnes of that uranium. It is assumed that these were not unique worldwide.

The nuclear power plant consists of two main buildings: Containment building (houses

Nuclear Reactor) and Turbine building (houses Turbo Generator). The containment building is

the key building of the nuclear island. It is an air-tight building, which houses a nuclear reactor

and its pressurizer, reactor coolant pumps, steam generators, and other equipment or piping that

might otherwise release fission products to the atmosphere in the event of an accident. Such

buildings are usually made of steel-reinforced concrete.