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Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation, support or

management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications


and computer hardware
When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is
information technology, Information technology is a general term that describes any
technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate
information.

Components of Information Technology

• Computers: Computers are very important in order to store and process data.
Depending on the size, cost and processing ability, computers are divided into
four categories. They are mainframes, supercomputer, minicomputers and
microcomputers
• Servers: A server is a combination of hardware and software, and is used to
provide services to the client computers. These services generally include storage
and retrieval of information. A standalone computer can also act as a server,
provided it's running on server operating system.
• Database Management Systems (DBMS): Database Management System is
basically a set of software programs which manages the storage and retrieval and
organizes the information in a computer. This information is in the form of a
database and is managed with the help of softwares. The DBMS accepts requests
from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the
appropriate data.
• Networking: A computer network is a collection of computers and peripherals
connected to each other through different modes. These modes can be wired or
wireless. The network allows computers to communicate with each other (share
information and resources like printers and scanners.
• Network Security and Cryptography: Network security is one of the most
important aspects of information technology. It consists of all the provisions made
in an underlying computer network, in order to prevent unauthorized usage of
information. It also includes implementing the policies adopted by the
government and the applicable cyber laws. It is also helpful in providing
protection from computer hacking at the cyber boundaries of an organization.

Advantages of Information Technologies:

Due to the easy and the convenient approach to


the development of the new technologies for the sake for the good future, information
technology has any advantages that are really important for human life. Some important
advantages are as follows

1. Communication:

Information technology is used in developing different types of


communicational devices and also helpful in better communication services between the
two different places for the sake of good business and for many other purposes. It makes
the communication services cheaper and convenient and also fast then other technologies.

2. Globalization:

Another important advantage of the information technology is the


globalization. With the help of this advantage of the information technology the modern
World becomes closer in the ways of communication and provides the easy way for faster
communication, which also enhances the economy and the profit of different types of
businesses.

3. Creation of new Jobs:

A major advantage of the information technology is that it


provides the many ways for the jobs and increases the vacancies in the field. Because of
the development of the new technologies in the field of information technology it provide
the opportunity for the new generation to come in the technical field and generate the
technology for the future

Other discipline In computing

Computer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of


information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and
application in computer systems. It is frequently described as the systematic study of
algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information. Computer science
has many sub-fields; some, such as computer graphics, which emphasize the computation
of specific results, while others, such as computational complexity theory, study the
properties of computational problems. Still others focus on the challenges in
implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies
approaches to describe computations, while computer programming applies specific
programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer
interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful,
usable, and universally accessible to people.

Software engineering is a profession dedicated to designing, implementing, and


modifying software so that it is of higher quality, more affordable, maintainable, and
faster to build
Computer engineering, is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical
engineering and computer science to develop computer systems. Computer System
engineers usually have training in electronic engineering, software design and hardware-
software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.
Computer System engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of
computing, from the design of individual microprocessors, personal computers, and
supercomputers, to circuit design. This field of engineering not only focuses on how
computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger system

An information system is a collection of methods, practices, algorithms that transforms


data into information and knowledge desired by, individual in organizations. This system
can involve a combination of work practices, information, people, and technologies
organized to accomplish goals in an organization.

Types of system

Transaction processing system, Management Information System, decision supporting


system

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