24 Down Report Disposal of MSW in Panaji City

CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PANAJI
Detailed Project Report & Selection of

Technologies for Processing & Final
Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste
February 2006
Detailed Project Report For Solid Waste Management
Contents
1. Introduction………………………………………..… 03
2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with CCP……..…. 08
3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji.…………….….. 11
4. Physical Characterization of Waste……………..... 18
5. Existing System of MSW Collection……….…...… 20
6. Justification of Equipment Required.………….….. 23
7. Designs & Drawings of Proposed SWM...……..… 30
8. Operation & Maintenance of Equipment………..... 31
9. Operation & Maintenance of Sanitary Landfill…… 32
10. Routing Plan for Storage & Collection of MSW…. 33
11. Institutional & Financial Reform…………………... 34
12. Action Plan for Operation & Maintenance……….. 35
13. Details of Suitable Land for SWM Facility……….. 36
14. Annexures………………………………………….... 37
Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 2

1. Introduction
The picturesque city of Panaji, the
capital of Goa lies in an idyllic
location flanked by the River
Mandovi on one side, lined with
mangroves along its estuaries, the
lush green hills as its crown in the
center, a city beach overlooking
the Arabian sea fringed with coconut palm trees, gardens and heritage
squares. It is a city that is loved by its citizens and they take pride in its
development.
The city has an area of 7.56 sq. kms and

supports a population of approximately 59,000.
However, being a popular tourist spot, in the
peak tourist season, and a large population that
visits the city for employment or transit, it
supports an equal floating population at its peak.
Decadal Projected
Population Population
Census Year 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 43,165 42,915 58,785 76,420
Decadal Growth 23.49% -0.58% +29.67% +30%
The Corporation of the City of Panaji (CCP) takes care of its citizens, the
city’s visitors and has vowed to make this city one that not only its citizens but
also visitors to the city would be proud to be
associated with.
Like most municipalities, CCP started waste

management with open community bins in
different localities. These bins consisted of

bottomless circular concrete rings and

had mixed waste dumped into them by
its citizens.
When it was full, it was collected

manually by municipal workers and
transported in closed dome shaped
Municipal Solid Waste trucks to a landfill where crude dumping was done. In
1993, a study and report titled ‘Community Based Solid Waste Management
In Panaji’ was conducted by the Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), with
the technical assistance of the
Regional Water & Sanitation Group
– South Asia, of the UNDP/World
Bank Water & Sanitation Program.
The recommendations made in the
report were implemented partially.
The bottomless concrete bins were
replaced with metallic bins and new
hydraulic arm, Waste Compacter
trucks were introduced to reduce
manual collection and increase
efficiency.
In 2003, CPP started a new waste

management campaign called the
‘Bin Free in 2003’ Campaign. This
new system involved improved
management of MSW and proposed
the elimination of all open
community bins in the city
numbering above 1000.

The reason for the ‘bin free’ campaign was because of the increasing
problems associated the open community bins in the city. There was always a
bad stink that was constantly prevalent around the open bins, the number of
stray animals that visited the areas searching for food was increasing and
creating a nuisance, there was presence of pests associated with the bin,
which significantly increased the risk of diseases like malaria, typhoid. All
these reasons contributed to the citizens not respecting the bin and treating it
as thrash itself.
CPP invested time and money with

bin manufacturers, Sintex Pvt. Ltd.
in designing and developing two
bins with a holding capacity of 20
and 50 litres. A special design
modification was the spill proof lid
that has a locking mechanism to
prevent stray animals from getting
to the waste inside. Since 2003, citizens of Panaji have been asked to
maintain two bins in their homes instead of just one. These bins are being
provided by CCP to its citizens at a subsidized rate after negotiations and
bulk purchases from the manufacturers. The 2 new bins are colour coded,
green for wet waste and black for dry waste and citizens have been asked to
segregate waste at source.
In accordance with the Solid Waste

(Management & Handling) Rules
2000, to compliment the new bins,
the old system of waste collection
was replaced by a door to door
collection scheme with trained
sanitation workers who would pick

up waste from the doorstep of each household in the city at a fee of Rs. 1/-
per day. After collection, the workers deposited the waste fractions into
appropriately colored and larger 240 litre capacity trolley bins. These new
trolley bins replaced the open community bins, and were selected after having
a look at a number of trolley bins of similar design and size. The two most
important features of this bin were that it was easily movable and it had a lid
that isolated the waste inside it once it was closed.
When the trolley bin was filled to capacity, or collection completed, whichever
first, the trolley was rolled onto marked pickup points on the preplanned route
of the dry and wet Municipal Solid Waste compacter trucks. The truck, at
arrival picked up its correct fraction with the help of a pneumatic arm. When
the last trolley bin was unloaded into the truck, the truck proceeded to a
landfill where each fraction was disposed. The compactor truck fleet was also
modified to cope with the increasing and improved MSW collection system
through trolley bins.
However, after successfully

implementing the door-to-door
campaign, the segregation at source
was not implemented properly, and
as a result, mixed fractions were
collected with the door-to-door
scheme. To compliment its woes,
Panaji’s only landfill site was
mismanaged by the increase in crude dumping and reduction in recycling and
composting of its fractions. As a result in July 2005, villagers in the
surrounding villages objected and forcefully closed down the landfill site after
reports of alleged leechate seepage out of the landfill site. This meant that
Panaji city now had no access to its landfill site.

Pushed into a corner with adamant landfill site villagers on one side and the
mounting uncollected Municipal Solid Waste on the other side, CPP was
forced to rethink about the waste management problems affecting the city. It
was finally decided that Segregation at Source (SAS) scheme would be
started with proper planning and renewed energy and urgency. Sanitation
workers were re-educated and the SAS scheme was restarted. Information
was passed on to the citizens through an SAS information sheet generated by
CPP. Schedules were now made to collect household wet waste daily and
household dry waste 2 times a week. Dry Hotel waste was collected at a
different schedule 2 times a week while their wet fraction was collected daily.
12 supervisors were appointed to make sure that the segregation in the city
was maintained and to make sure that its citizens would cooperate with the
new SAS initiatives taken up by CPP. As a temporary measure, CPP located
a temporary site within the city limits and presently conducts sanitary
landfilling of dry waste. Measures to compost wet waste at colony level and in
bulk for market and hotel waste are also underway in accordance with the
high court time bound directives issued.
To maximize the utilization of this temporary landfill site, and plan for a new
landfill location, improve the collection system and implement low cost
solutions to manage its MSW, CPP required a field study to be carried out
with the services of a consultant. A report titled ‘Waste Management For
Panjim City, Report 2005” on the analysis of waste generated by Panaji city
was produced after a 1.5 month long study by the consultant.

2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with the Corporation

of the City of Panaji
Vehicles Allocated For SWM

The vehicles available with CCP for transportation of MSW are listed below:
Hydraulic Compactor Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Hydraulic Compactor Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport all
household, hotel & establishment waste. These vehicles are designed to pick
up trolley bins with the manually operated hydraulic arm. The compactor with
the truck compacts the Municipal Solid Waste stored internally to make space
for further collection. CCP has 10 such vehicles with details on mileage
covered, vehicle age, internal dimensions and tare weight obtained on
02.01.2006 for this report:
Internal Mileage Tare

Sr. Registration Type of Date of
Make & Model Dimensions covered Weight
No. No. Vehicle Purchase
(Mts) (Kms) (Kgs)
1 GA-01-T-2631 Leyland - 1612 3.60x2.20x1.45 Heavy 03.01.95 2,26,016 7325
2 GA-01-T-2630 Leyland - 810 2.90x2.00x1.00 Medium 18.01.95 1,15,424 4880
5 GA-01-G-7562 Leyland - 810 2.90x2.00x1.00 Medium 18.01.96 1,02,512 4885
6 GA-01-T-4238 Tata - 1613 3.75x2.10x1.60 Heavy 19.08.99 1,04,005 8540
7 GA-01-T-5246 Tata - 709 3.00x1.90x1.55 Medium 02.04.01 0,95,281 5255
Dome Shaped Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Dome Shape Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport all market
waste as well as leaf and garden waste. Municipal Solid Waste is loaded
manually in these vehicles, and its dome shape increases it’s carrying
capacity. CCP has 4 such vehicles with details on vehicle age, & mileage
covered:

Mileage
Type of Date of
Sr. No. Registration No. Make covered
Vehicle Purchase
(Kms)
1 GDT - 9931 Tata Heavy 12.10.81 4,87,080
2 GDS - 5212 Tata Heavy 21.05.82 4,02,130
3 GDS - 6357 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,63,350
4 GDS - 6392 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,69,525
Open & Tipper Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Open & Tipper Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport large
bulky items, construction waste & debris. Occasionally, they compliment the
dome shaped trucks in picking up leaf & garden waste that are too bulky to
carry otherwise. Municipal Solid Waste is loaded manually in these vehicles.
CCP has 3 such vehicles with details on vehicle age, & mileage covered:
Type of Date of Mileage

Sr. No. Registration No. Make
Vehicle Purchase covered
(Kms)
1 GA-01-T-1200 Toyota Medium 15.06.92 2,15,132
2 GA-01-T-4015 Tata Medium 19.08.99 1,41,223
3 GA-01-C-5085 Tata Medium 30.09.01 0,82,043
Composting Van
The Composting Van services the composting stations set up all over the city.
The van carries trained staff, all the equipment and materials required to keep
the composting bins in good health. CCP has just 1 vehicle with details on
vehicle age, & mileage covered:
Type of Date of Mileage

Sr. No. Registration No. Make
Vehicle Purchase covered
(Kms)
1 GA-01-T-0765 Matador Light 30.06.97 0,66,788
Present Establishment Expenditure

The table given below shows the establishment expenditure for the last five
financial years:

Percentage of
CCP Expenses on Maintenance
contribution
Year Waste
towards
salaries of Roads/gutters Disposal Income Expenditure
staff Infrastructure
2000-01 31% 1,22,83,671/- 2,50,00,000/- 8,60,01,302/- 7,43,53,561/-
2001-02 35% 1,29,30,180/- 2,62,00,000/- 7,73,48,734/- 6,81,21,895/-
2002-03 38% 1,34,69,415/- 2,75,56,000/- 7,53,42,382/- 7,91,28,370/-
2003-04 34% 1,99,80,599/- 2,89,40,000/- 8,87,89,983/- 9,00,85,570/-
2004-05 52% 1,49,90,411/- 3,80,00,000/- 7,37,73,370/- 8,60,35,795/-
Staffing
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has 190 semi-skilled (non technical)
permanent and daily wage sanitation workers deployed in the city for collection of
waste. However, these workers work in a rotation system, therefore, at any given
day, the number of workers performing on duty is 98.
For transportation of waste, CPP has 90 skilled (technical) workers performing

duties such as truck driving, hydraulic mechanism operators and helpers. Here
too, the workers work in a rotation system, therefore at any given day; the
number of workers on duty is 17 truck drivers and 71 hydraulic operators and
helpers. Out of this figure of 71, 27 are daily wage workers while the rest are
permanent workers.

3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji
A consultant was appointed for a field study to be carried out and the study
produced the following data:
• The demarcation of the city into 12 zones for easier management and
planning, of MSW with 1 supervisor in charge of each zone.
A clearly defined zone map is annexed at Annexure I.
Zone
Zone Name Supervisor
No
1 Caranzalem Suresh Sawant
2 Church Square Jacinto Conceicao
3 18th June Rd Kamlakant Sirvoikar
4 Dona Paula Sashi Balekar
5 Bhatlem / Mala Madev Gauns
6 Altinho Sunil Das
7 Fontainhas Suraj Nageshkar
8 Panaji Market Anthony Fernandes
9 Patto Mahesh Payelkar
10 Miramar Nagesh Das
11 Campal James Talwar
12 Ribandar Sidharth Tari

• A 2 month long field investigation (Between August 2005 and October

2005) was carried out with the aim of collecting previously unavailable
baseline data on each of the identified zones of the city with a focus on the
collection system infrastructure as well as plans for future upgrades.
Information on the number of households, establishments, hospitals and
schools was also compiled zone wise.
Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total
Staffing 11 9 14 6 5 14 8 3 7 8 5 8 98
Bin Shelters 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 15
Wet 10 2 7 8 14 10 6 5 4 6 9 10 91
Available Bins
Dry 21 7 19 10 11 16 15 5 9 15 13 15 156
Average Full Wet 9 1.5 8 5 23 16 4 7 1 4 9 8 89.5
Bins Dry 20 10 21 8 13 34 22 14 12 18 13 18 203
Flats 1561 365 900 0 641 826 73 285 162 460 874 245 6392
Bungalows 0 0 0 183 49 110 302 0 0 163 6 378 1191
Offices 0 65 90 0 0 61 18 2 1 15 150 8 410
Establishments Shops 162 200 500 3 27 0 71 375 490 10 49 24 1911
Hotels 0 0 0 7 0 0 18 0 0 3 4 16 48
Hospitals 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 5
Schools 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 8
Total Total 1723 630 1490 194 720 997 484 662 653 656 1085 671 9965
• Waste generated by households and establishments in these zones was

then quantitatively assessed using two study techniques for the purpose of
comparison as well as accuracy.
• On 22nd September 2005 for reasons of comparison for accuracy, both
study techniques were used at Zone 6, Altinho on its Dry Waste fraction.
The 1st technique was done with direct weighing of the Municipal Solid
Waste truck, on a weighbridge. It was noted that 29 filled bins of dry waste
was picked up from the entire zone. The tare weight of the Municipal Solid
Waste truck was subtracted from gross weight to reveal that the dry waste

fraction at Zone 6, weighed 990 kgs. Details of Truck Details as on 22nd

September are reproduced below:
Truck Details for Household MSW Collection & Quantification

Bins Picked Up
Route
Vehicle Info (Nos) MSW Weight (Kgs)
Sr.
No. Registration Make &
Type Total Full Tare Load Actual
No. Model
Market, Patto,
GA-01-T- Leyland -
1 Inox, Garden, Wet 34 30.00 7325 9000 1675
2631 1612
Ribandar
St. Inez-Tonca,
GA-01-T- Leyland - GB,
2 Wet 56 56.75 7190 9360 2170
2632 1612 Caranzalem,
Kamat Kinara
Campal,
GA-01-G- Leyland - Miramar, Lake
3 Wet 24 18.75 4885 6240 1355
7562 810 View, Dona
Paula
Altinho, DV Rd,
GA-01-T-
4 Tata - 709 St. Inez, Wet 40 35.50 5510 7500 1990
6142
Bhatlem, Mala
St. Inez-Tonca,
GA-01-T- Leyland -
5 Caranzalem, Dry 53 55.25 7340 10130 2790
2633 1612
Kamat Kinara
St. Inez-
GA-01-T- Tata - Bhatlem, Mala,
6 Dry 56 52.00 8540 10250 1710
4238 1613 Municipal
Garden
Campal, St.
GA-01-T- Mary's, Lake
7 Tata - 709 Dry 36 31.00 5255 6285 1030
5246 View, Dona
Paula
GA-01-T-
8 Tata - 709 Altinho Dry 29 29.00 5310 6300 990
5247
Market, Patto,
GA-01-T-
9 Tata - 709 Head PO, DV Dry 38 38.25 5470 6900 1430
5674
Rd, Ribandar
GA-01-T- Leyland -
10 - - - - - - -
2630 810
• The 2nd technique was done with the help of sanitation workers and a
spring scale, with the weighing of each individual trolley bin. They too
weighed all 29 filled bins and after subtracting the tare weight of each of
the 29 trolley bins, it was found that the dry waste fraction at Zone 6,
weighed 901kgs. It was also found that the Municipal Solid Waste
weight/number of establishments factor for dry waste in Panaji is 1.95.

• The results of both techniques of computation were almost the same with
a difference of 89kgs. This variation is acceptable and could have been
caused due to errors on the scale, or due to the presence of heavy rainfall
during the collection schedule of the quantitative study.
Weight Analysis For Zone 6 Dry Waste
1st Technique 2nd Technique
No of Trolley's Picked Up 29 29
Gross Weight (Kgs) 6300 1351
Tare Weight (Kgs) 5310 450
Actual Weight (Kgs) 990 901
From this data collected:

¾ Total Household Wet MSW Collected daily is: 07.19 Metric Tonnes
¾ Total Household Dry MSW Collected daily is: 02.27 Metric Tonnes
¾ Total Household MSW Collected daily is 09.46 Metric Tonnes
• Identifying Waste Generators:

Based on the field study carried out by the consultant in conjunction with the
waste management department, the total waste generated by different waste
generator groups was identified to be 50,583 kgs daily. By a breakup, the
following major groups of waste generators was identified:
Number of
Waste Generator Group
Units
Households 9,863
Offices, Shops & Schools 2,966
Restaurants 0,254
Hotels (Lodging Only) 0,176
Municipal Market 0,001
Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries 0,098
Street sweepings 126 beats
Construction Sites Varies

Quantities of Wet Fraction Generators:

Based on the field study carried out, analysis of wet fraction generated by
different waste generator groups was identified to be 29.705 Metric Tonnes
which is 59% of the total Municipal Solid Waste produced by the City of
Panaji. Its breakup is shown below:
Wet (Organic) Fraction

Quantity Percentage
Generator Group
Households 08.549 Metric Tonnes 28.77%
Offices, Shops & Schools 01.112 Metric Tonnes 3.72%
Restaurants 09.000 Metric Tonnes 30.29%
Hotels (Lodging Only) 00.161 Metric Tonnes 0.55%
Municipal Market 10.000 Metric Tonnes 33.66%
Hospitals, Nursing Homes,
00.133 Metric Tonnes 0.45%
Dispensaries
Street sweepings 00.750 Metric Tonnes 2.56%
Total 29.705 Metric Tonnes 59%
Panaji's Total Wet Waste
Households
Offices, Shops & Schools
Restaurants
Hotels (Lodging Only)
Municipal Market
Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries
Street sweepings

Quantities of Dry Fraction Generators:

Based on the field study carried out, analysis of dry fraction generated by
different waste generator groups was identified to be 20.878 Metric Tonnes,
which is 41% of the total Municipal Solid Waste produced by the City of
Panaji. Its breakup is shown below:
Dry (Inorganic) Fraction

Quantity Percentage
Generator Group
Households 03.664 Metric Tonnes 17.55%
Offices, Shops & Schools 2.588 Metric Tonnes 12.40%
Restaurants 1.000 Metric Tonnes 4.79%
Hotels (Lodging Only) 0.181 Metric Tonnes 0.87%
Municipal Market 0.500 Metric Tonnes 2.39%
Hospitals, Nursing Homes,
0.195 Metric Tonnes 0.93%
Dispensaries
Street sweepings 1.750 Metric Tonnes 8.38%
Construction Sites 11.500 Metric Tonnes 52.68%
Total 20.878 Metric Tonnes 41%
Panaji's Total Dry Waste
Households
Offices, Shops & Schools
Restaurants
Hotels (Lodging Only)
Municipal Market
Hospitals, N Homes, Dispensaries
Street sweepings
Construction Sites

• Supervision, continual monitoring and making sure that complaints were

promptly attended to at the following levels:
o Proper segregation by residents at their residential dwellings
o Proper storage at the time of picking up of the waste by sanitation
workers.
o Proper identification and segregation of waste by Sanitation workers.
o Collection of right major fraction (wet or dry) trolley bins by the municipal
trucks.
o Proper processing, treatment and disposal of the two separate fractions.
With all this in place, the SAS scheme has been gradually falling into place with
initial 65% fraction purity. With increased supervision at all levels in the SAS
collection system & weekly supervisor meetings held to sort out initial problems,
fraction purity has now gone up to 95% in 4 of the 12 zones while the rest have
improved their fraction purity.

4. Physical Characterization of Waste

Physical characterization of waste was done for CPP by a standard test
laboratory in November 2005. After contacting a number of test laboratories,
Italab (Goa) Pvt. Ltd was the only standard test laboratory that responded
with the capability to analyze the Municipal Solid Waste samples. The
laboratory collected test samples on 10.11.05 and its results were submitted
to us on the 24.11.05.
Test Certificates as well as test reports have been annexed as Annexure II.
Since CPP is enforcing strict segregation at source, we have two fractions of

waste. The Wet fraction, which comprised of only biodegradable waste, was
sent to the lab for Quality of Municipal Solid Waste test. This test included the
analysis of the following parameters:
Percentage of C Percentage of S
Percentage of N Moisture Content
Percentage of P C/N Ratio &
Percentage of K Density
Percentage of Na
MSW Samples were randomly taken from three of the 12 zones in the city.
Sample No. Zone No. Zone Name

Sample 1 Zone 02 Church Square
Sample 2 Zone 07 Fontainhas
Sample 3 Zone 06 Altinho

Test Results on Chemical Characteristics of Wet MSW in November 2005

C/N
Sources C% N% P% K% Na% S% Moisture Density
Ratio
Sample 1 62.30 2.63 0.32 0.56 1.11 0.68 72.00 23.68 0.53
Sample 2 59.30 4.40 0.81 1.61 0.66 0.80 68.00 13.47 0.54
Sample 3 72.30 3.20 0.20 1.39 0.84 0.24 78.00 22.59 0.63
Average 64.63 3.41 0.44 1.19 0.87 0.57 72.67 19.91 0.57
The city of Panaji recycles sub fractions of dry waste. The inert remnants of
dry waste (after recyclable fractions are removed) were also sent to the
laboratory for obtaining its calorific value to check if it is suitable for
incineration. Test Methods as per IS: 1350 were followed and the results
shown below:
Test Results on Calorific Value of Dry MSW in November 2005

Sources Calorific Value (Cal/g)
Sample 1 5345
Sample 2 4776
Sample 3 4165
Average 4762
For the purpose of comparison, we include average chemical characteristics

of wastes that were obtained in December 1991 by a case study on CPP’s
waste performed by UNDP/World Bank with Ministry of Urban Development,
India. (Please note that in 1991, segregation at source was not implemented,
so these values are of unsegrigated, mixed MSW)
Test Results on Chemical Characteristics of Mixed MSW in December 1991
Sources C% N% P% K% Na% S (ppm) Moisture C/N Ratio
Household 27.40 1.80 1.03 1.62 1.36 485 74 15.2
Restaurants 30.30 1.87 0.71 1.78 1.36 557 76 16.2
Waste bins 30.40 1.73 0.88 2.07 1.82 449 67 17.5
Dumpsites 27.40 1.11 0.70 1.36 1.43 585 77 24.7

5. Existing System of MSW Collection
Panaji city’s door-to-door Municipal Solid Waste collection system was started
in 2003. However, it was only in the second half of 2005 that strict
segregation at source was implemented. To achieve this, all the citizens are
given pamphlets with information on the segregation at source, composting,
recycling, waste fractions, pickup schedules and complaint call numbers.
Information material generated by the Corporation is annexed to this report at
Annexure III.
Waste Fraction Pickup Dates & Time Schedules

Household Wet Waste Daily between 2.00 & 5.00pm
Household Dry Waste Mondays & Thursday between 2.00 & 5.00pm
Hotel & Restaurant Wet Waste Daily between 6.00 &11.00pm
Hotel & Restaurant Dry Waste Tuesdays & Fridays between 6.00 & 11pm
Leaf & Garden Waste Sunday & Mondays. On call only.
Construction Debris Any Day, On call only.
Large Bulky Items Any Day, On call only.
Sanitation workers have been

instructed to collect waste in two
separate bins; one green for wet
(organic fraction) and one black for dry
(inorganic) have been made available
at a fee.
A typical collection cycle would start in

the afternoon when the household
places segregated Municipal Solid
Waste in the two bins –wet and dry by
their door. These bins have a 10 or 20
litres capacity. When the sanitation
workers arrive, they collect the
fractions and temporarily store it in a

70-liter capacity bin. On days when both wet and dry fractions are collected,
the dry fraction is temporarily put into a separate bag. Once the sanitation
worker’s 70-litre bin is filled, he/she proceeds to the appropriate fraction’s
trolley bin and empties the contents into the trolley bin that has a capacity of
240 litres. When such a trolley bin is filled to capacity, or collection is
completed, whichever first, the trolley is rolled onto marked pickup points on
the preplanned route of the Municipal Solid Waste compacter truck. The
truck, when arrives, will pick up only one fraction, and not both. Therefore,
after verification of the right fraction, the trolley bin is emptied into to the truck
with the help of a hydraulic arm. When the last trolley bin is unloaded into the
truck, the truck proceeds to a sanitary landfill where each fraction is treated
before disposal. This landfill site, though temporary meets all directives
issued by the Goa State Pollution Control Board and is in accordance with the
time bound directives of Hon. High Court.
CPP has already taken many steps to

tackle the wet waste fractions disposal,
with the building of composting units
around the city. At some housing
societies and other areas of the city,
vermicomposting and aerobic
composting stations have been set up
and maintained by CPP. In such locations, the trolley bin containing the wet
fraction is rolled to these stations instead of letting it end up at a landfill and
trained staff at CPP composts its contents.
Initiatives to also start recycling of Dry

fraction have been started. To help CPP
with disposal with the dry fraction, the
consultant located and listed local
persons and businesses that accept

some of the recyclable sub fractions of dry waste along with details such as
contact information, and monetary values fixed be each establishment to
each of these fractions and sub fractions. Bin shelters have been modified to
serve a dual purpose of being a sorting center where registered scrap dealers
depute their staff to segregate the dry waste fraction into sub fractions and
residual inert fractions.

6. Justification of Equipment Required
Setup of Waste Management Cell

At the moment, the Corporation has a waste management cell that sits in
three different places in the building. In order to streamline this cell, it is
proposed to form a Waste Management Cell with all staff in one place. For
this, office furniture, cubicles, and filing cabinets will be required. In order to
take complaints, give information and attend to visitors, a telephone operator
cum receptionist, 2 computers, stationery, and a telephone will be required.
Display boards for awareness material, and a communication system for all
supervisors to keep in touch with the cell and attend to complaints promptly
could also be implemented.
Generation of Information & Awareness on Proper SAS

While segregation on the whole is now generally successful, it was noticed
that residents of Panaji were confused about segregating items in grey areas
such as soiled paper, soiled newspapers, egg shells, hair, coconut husk,
coconut shells, soiled plastic bags, etc.
The data which has been

collected from a 1.5 month long
hands-on study on the
characterization of waste will go
towards the creation of fliers,
information sheets, sorting lists,
awareness slides and videos,
which will simplify and explain
correct SAS to the citizens of
Panaji. It is proposed to
undertake festivals, exhibitions, school programmes, drives, contests, etc to
generate awareness among students and general public.

Provision of Litterbins
The open community bins are removed from all over the city, therefore there
is need to install litterbins at a distance of 200 to 300 meters and the
requirement of litterbins is necessary.
Sweeping of Streets
The organized daily sweeping on public streets exists; however, it shall be
improved by providing advanced cleaning materials and introducing long
handed brooms. At present the street sweeping is organized in bits. Each
sweeper will be provided with wheeled trolleys to collect and deposit the
sweeping. The same trolley will be lifted by hydraulic truck for emptying.
Door-to-Door Collection System

Further improving of door-to-door Municipal
Solid Waste collection is done as regards to
introduction of safety and health measures by
way of supply of neat uniform to sanitation
workers, and other requirements. Gloves that
are in use are of standard rubber and cause
skin irritation to the workers with prolonged
use. A better, but little more expensive glove
made of cloth or canvas is required. These
gloves can be sourced locally.
All residential areas are covered under the door-to-door collection system at
present. The waste is being collected in a wheeled trolley. However, this
system can be further improved by allotting wheeled trolley to every housing
society having more than 90 flats so that collection system is fast and the
waste transported will be handled decently. For this purpose trolley should be
made available to every society to transfer their household waste as the same
can be lifted by hydraulic truck without loss of time.

Additional Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

To reduce rising maintenance costs, it is proposed to replace the aging
vehicles with newer standardized municipal solid waste trucks. Vehicles that
have crossed 2 lakh kilometers will be replaced in a phased manner. Besides
the replacement of ageing vehicles there is a need for additional / modified
vehicles.
Hotel Waste
The waste from hotels, restaurants, is being collected separately as a special
service. All the restaurants in the city are listed under this scheme. One truck
collects the waste by making 2 trips to around 300 hotels and restaurants. It is
proposed to introduce more trucks to perfect the system, as, if there is any
delay in collection of this waste, hotels and restaurants close with waste left
on the roadside.
Market Waste
The waste from the fish market and meat selling shops is being collected
separately. One truck makes two rounds to collect the waste; however, the
transportation of waste is not neat and clean. For this purpose a special
designed truck is required to prevent odour and leechate leakage is to be
designed. The present system required improvement for the purpose and an
additional truck with compact trolley or lid will be most appropriate.
Medical Waste
Presently medical waste is being collected separately. However, the same is
not disposed as laid down under the rules. The Corporation also does not
have its own incinerator to dispose the waste. The collection of medical waste
needs further improvement by introducing a van with a specially built
compartment, special uniform to the waste collector and special container. As
per the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, yellow
bags are to be procured for separate collection of infected medical waste.

Setup of Composting Stations in the City

In order to reduce the amount
of biodegradable wet waste to
the landfill site, CPP is in the
process of constructing 34
composting stations at various
housing societies and municipal
gardens. At the moment more
stations are being constructed.
From the field study carried out
on household waste quantification, it is proposed that a total of 174
composting stations will be required to be constructed in a phased manner to
handle all of Panaji’s household wet waste capacity. CCP has been
encouraging colonies to establish compost pits in colonies itself at subsidized
rates. CCP will provide the know-how required in both vermicomposting and
aerobic composting and will maintain and manage the stations with the help
of its CMU team. Costing, size and locations of these composting stations is
annexed at Annexure IV.
Management of Composting Stations

To manage the composting
stations in the city, a
dedicated CMU (Compost
Management Unit) team of 1
supervisor, 7 workers, 1 driver
and one vehicle has been set
up. However, the present
workload of monitoring and
managing composting
stations takes 2 shifts of 5 hours each for the present team to attend, and

therefore it is proposed that more staff and machinery is provided to attend

the proposed composting stations. Besides uniform and gloves, a face-mask
and rubber boots is also required to each of the CMU Sanitation Workers.
Recyclable Waste Sorting Centers

In order to reduce the amount of
recyclable dry waste going to the
landfill site, CPP, on a
experimental basis has upgraded
a zone bin shelter to a shelter
cum sorting station where a CCP
appointed scrap dealer
segregates the dry fraction into
recyclable sub fractions. This
reduces the dry waste to just residual waste which is 70% lesser than its
original volume. It is proposed to have 12 such sorting centers to take care of
all the 12 zones dry waste in the interim period, till the integrated landfill site
comes up.
Reduction of Residual Waste

To reduce residual waste, steps have been taken to identify manufacturers to
start the ‘polluter pays’ principle wherein the manufacturer takes back waste
generated by its products. A few manufacturers have already shown their
interest to start such a campaign, but CPP would require storage space and
advertising material to promote such schemes.

Estimated Costs of Infrastructure required For the Project (Year wise)

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010
Unit Rate
Equipment Required Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing
Waste Management Cell
Office Table & Chair 4000 5 20000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Office Cubicle 100000 2 200000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
File Cabinets 5000 5 25000 0 0 2 10000 0 0 0 0
Display Boards 1000 5 5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Desktop Computer & Printer 100000 1 100000 1 100000 0 0 0 0 0 0
Laptop + LCD Projector 150000 1 150000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobile Phone + Connection Charges (Monthly) 5000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000
Accounting Reforms
Desktop Computer & Printer 100000 2 200000 2 200000 0 0 0 0 0 0
Computer & Other Stationery 75000 1 75000 1 75000 0 0 0 0 0 0
Accounting Software Packages 50000 1 50000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Staff Orientation 15000 1 15000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chartered Accountant Fees 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000
Awareness Programmes
School Programmes 3000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000
Awareness Festivals 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000
Paper Bags 2 50000 100000 10000 20000 0 0 10000 20000 0 0
Printing of 10 diff. Brochures per year 10 20000 200000 10000 100000 10000 100000 10000 100000 10000 100000
Cinema Slides 2000 5 10000 0 0 5 10000 0 0 0 0
Cinema Short Films 20000 1 20000 0 0 0 0 1 20000 0 0
Consultant Fees per month 30000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000
Media / Newspaper Advertisements 3000 12 500000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000
Website Hosting & Management 21000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000
Database /compilation /documentation 3500 12 42000 2 7000 2 7000 2 7000 2 7000
Bins & Containers
020 L Bin - Black 175 1000 175000 250 43750 250 43750 250 43750 250 43750
020 L Bin - Green 175 250 43750 50 8750 50 8750 50 8750 50 8750
010 L Bin - Green 150 1000 150000 100 15000 100 15000 100 15000 100 15000
240 L Trolley Bin - Black 3000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000
240 L Trolley Bin - Green 3000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000
240 L Trolley Bin - Red 3000 50 150000 20 60000 20 60000 20 60000 20 60000
050 L Collection Bucket - Black 300 500 150000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000
050 L Collection Bucket - Green 300 500 150000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000
050 L Collection Bucket - Red 300 500 150000 50 15000 50 15000 50 15000 50 15000
050 L Litter Bins 2500 450 1125000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000
Litter Bin Mounting Mechanism 2500 450 1125000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000
Trolley Bin Storage Enclosure 30000 3 90000 3 90000 3 90000 2 60000 1 30000
Jute Collection Bags 75 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500
Biohazard Med. Waste Bags - Yellow 3 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000
Biohazard Med. Waste Bags - Blue 3 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000
Worker's Equipment
Uniform - Supervisors 450 24 10800 0 0 24 10800 0 0 24 10800
Uniform - Sanitation Workers 225 300 67500 0 0 100 22500 100 22500 100 22500
Gloves - Sanitation Workers 45 500 22500 500 22500 600 27000 600 27000 600 27000
Face Masks - Sanitation Workers 20 50 1000 25 500 50 1000 25 500 50 1000
Gum Boots - Sanitation Workers 300 10 3000 5 1500 10 3000 5 1500 10 3000
Rakes 2500 10 25000 5 12500 5 12500 5 12500 5 12500
Spades & Shovels 200 50 10000 25 5000 25 5000 25 5000 25 5000
Sweeping Brooms - Long Handle 40 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000
Gamelas 70 50 3500 25 1750 25 1750 25 1750 25 1750
Cane Baskets 100 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000
Composting Station 30000 60 1800000 40 1200000 40 1200000 20 600000 20 600000
EM Spray Pumps 2500 5 12500 0 0 5 12500 0 0 2 5000
Bioculture - Sanitreat - 5kg bag 400 60 24000 120 48000 150 60000 175 70000 200 80000
Bioculture - Bioculum - 5kg bag 325 120 39000 300 97500 350 113750 400 130000 500 162500
Bioculture - EM - 750ml bottle 240 12 2880 24 5760 30 7200 40 9600 50 12000
Cow Dung - 2MT Truck Load 1000 12 12000 24 24000 30 30000 40 40000 50 50000
Molasses - 90kg 500 12 6000 24 12000 30 15000 40 20000 50 25000
Vehicles
Excavator - Additional 1725000 1 1725000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1725000
Trolley Tractor - Additional 150000 2 300000 0 0 0 0 1 150000 0 0
Hydraulic Waste Truck - Additional 2270000 1 2270000 0 0 1 2270000 0 0 0 0
Hydraulic Waste Truck - Replacement 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000
Medical Waste Van 1000000 1 1000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Composting Van 1000000 1 1000000 1 1000000 0 0 0

Water Tanker 650000 1 650000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 650000
Quick Response Jeep 500000 1 500000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Upgrade to Low Noise Hydraulic Arm 150000 0 0 3 450000 3 450000 2 300000 2 300000
GPS System & Communication Equip. 15000 30 450000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Expenses - Sanitation Worker Salary (Monthly) 2850000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000
Expenses - Supervisor Fuel Allowance (Monthly) 10000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000
Expenses - Waste Transportation Fuel (Monthly) 300000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000
Expenses - Vehicle Maintenance 150000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000
Expenses - Excavator Hiring per month 210000 12 2520000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Landfill Site Costs will be worked out with consultant that is appointed.
Acquisition of land - Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Acquisition of land - Compound Wall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sanitary Landfill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Composting Plant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Storage & Sorting Yard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Amount: 6,15,22,930 4,82,53,010 4,92,39,000 4,63,77,350 4,86,,10,050

7. Designs & Drawings of Proposed SWM
The Corporation is in process of acquisition of land for setting up of sanitary

landfill site / compost processing plant. Once the land is taken into
possession, detailed survey and geo-hydrological investigation will be carried
out for development of sanitary landfill. For this purpose a consultant will be
appointed and proper designs, drawings and detailed costing will be worked
out. A detailed report in this regard will be submitted in due course of time.

8. Operation & Maintenance of Equipment

Vehicles
CPP has a parking lot reserved for its present vehicle fleet. It also has an
automobile workshop with trained staff to undertake minor repairs,
maintenance or preventive maintenance for all its vehicles including all
Municipal Solid Waste trucks available with itself.
CPP has appointed a full fledged engineer who is responsible for addressing
all vehicle and vehicle staff issues. It is his responsibility to make sure that all
the vehicles are maintained in running condition.
A list of all vehicles is maintained along with its logbook of in and out timings.
Periodic servicing is done at authorized automobile workshops.
Storage Bins & Implements

Each zonal supervisor maintains storage bins of 70 litres capacity and 240-
liter capacity trolley bins designated for his zone. Damaged bins are brought
to the CCP workshop for repair or replacement. A store with a storekeeper
maintains a record of the quantities of long and short brooms, big and small
baskets, gloves and gum boots and other implements which are issued to
workers to undertake the collection scheme. Regular replacement of tools
and implements which are worn out is done.

9. Operation & Maintenance of Sanitary Landfill

CCP has already commenced the process of appointment of consultants that
have previously worked with similar types of sanitary landfill planning and
construction. Details on operation and maintenance of the sanitary landfill will
be made available as soon as it is ready.

10. Routing Plan for Storage & Collection of MSW
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has vehicles that have a route plan that
is marked and fixed by the vehicle supervisor before the vehicles leave the
garage for collection.
Registration
Make & Model No. Fraction Assigned Route
No.
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2631 Wet Market to Patto to Inox to Garden to Ribandar
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2632 Wet St. Inez-Tonca to GB to Caranzalem to Kamat Kinara
Leyland - 810 GA-01-G-7562 Wet Campal to Miramar to Lake View to Dona Paula
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-6142 Wet Altinho to DV Rd to St. Inez to Bhatlem to Mala
Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2633 Dry St. Inez-Tonca to Caranzalem to Kamat Kinara
Tata - 1613 GA-01-T-4238 Dry St. Inez-Bhatlem to Mala to Municipal Garden
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5246 Dry Campal to St. Mary's to Lake View to Dona Paula
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5247 Dry Altinho
Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5674 Dry Market to Patto to Head PO to DV Rd to Ribandar
A detailed route map followed by the Corporation is annexed at Annexure V.
Wet waste from households is moved by sanitation workers to various

composting stations built around the city. Waste is treated here, before it is
left to compost for a period of 1 month. Compost generated is used for the
gardens in the city. It is also passed on free of cost to deserving farmers. In
most areas where composting stations have not been constructed, wet waste
is transported to a larger facility where wet waste is composted in bulk using
winrow composting method.
For waste generated by Hotels & Restaurants & Market, it is taken to a larger
composting facility where winrow composting is done with the help of an
excavator and trained staff.
Once Dry waste is picked up, it makes its way to once of the two sorting
stations in the city where the recyclable fractions are extracted for recycling.
The locations of the sorting stations are:
Sorting Station - Altinho Sorting Station - St. Inez

Opposite ITI Building, St. Inez Animal Shelter,
Altinho, Panaji, Goa St. Inez, Panaji, Goa
After recyclable waste fractions are extracted from dry waste, the residual
waste makes its way to the temporary landfill site where it is placed under
permanent storage by burial.

11. Institutional & Financial Reform

From 1st April 2006, CCP proposes to have a double entry accounting
system, which will eliminate any sort of financial mismanagement. For this,
training sessions for the staff is underway. Also, services of a professional
chartered accountant is being sourced out.
In terms of financial reforms, the CCP proposed to revise charges for

sanitation of all sections of society. It is also proposed to include these
charges directly in the annual property tax.

12. Action Plan for Operation & Maintenance

Through User Charges
Since 2003, CCP has implemented user charges for all households,
commercial establishments, restaurants, hotels and hospitals. The charges
are as follows:
Amount
Group Purpose
Per Month
Households Daily Collection of MSW 30 /-
Commercial Establishments Daily Collection of MSW 30 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class A Daily Collection of MSW 300 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class B Daily Collection of MSW 500 /-
Restaurants / Hotels: Class C Daily Collection of MSW 1000 /-
Hospitals / Clinics Daily Collection of Med. Waste 500 /-
Construction Sites Construction Waste by volume
All Groups Leaf & Garden Waste by volume
All Groups Large Bulky Items by volume
It has been decided that the above fees will be reviewed, and a new tariff
will be issued effective 1st April 2006.

13. Details of Suitable Land for SWM Facility

In order to establish a long term solid waste landfill site for Panaji which
would last for around 50 years, the Corporation of the City of Panaji has
identified and proposes to acquire land for an integrated solid waste landfill
site in survey no. 20/1, 2, 3 and 3A of Bainguinim village of Tiswadi Taluka
measuring an area of 161,550 sq. mts. The proposed land is ideal without
any development in the surrounding areas and has an existing natural tree
buffer zone.
Before moving for acquisition of the said land for integrated sanitary landfill
and solid waste site for Panaji, the Corporation of the City of Panaji applied
to the Goa State Pollution Control Board for an ‘in principle’ approval. The
Goa State Pollution Control Board on receipt of the request conducted a site
inspection of the proposed site and a Committee comprising of the Member
Secretary, Goa State Pollution Control Board, Chief Engineer, Water
Resources Department, a representative of the Town & Country Planning
Department, Air Traffic Controller INS Hansa, and a representative of the
Forest Department inspected the site. On inspection of the site, the
Committee approved in principle the proposed land acquisition for treatment
and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste subject to compliance of the
Municipal Solid Waste [Management & Handling Rules] 2000. Accordingly,
vide letter no. 8/28/05-PCB/Vol.111/1922 dated 2.9.2005, the Goa State
Pollution Control Board granted the 'in principle1 approval for land
acquisition.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji also made a presentation to the Town
& Country Planning Board on 28.10.2005 on the proposal. The Town &
Country Planning Department vide letter no. TIS/33/5/TCP/05/99 dated
22.12-2005 has conveyed Government approval for acquisition of the land.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has sought administrative approval
and financial sanction from the Government for acquisition of the land

mentioned above. The administrative approval and financial sanction is now

obtained, and the proposal to acquire land has been moved to the Collector
North Goa.

ANNEXURE I
DETAILED ZONE MAP

ANNEXURE II
TEST REPORT FOR QUALITY OF

SOLID WASTE

ANNEXURE III
INFORMATION MATERIAL
GENERATED FOR CITIZEN
AWARENESS

ANNEXURE IV
DETAILS OF COLONY LEVEL

COMPOST STATIONS REQUIRED

ANNEXURE V
DETAILED ROUTE MAP

THIS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL

All data, reports & records included in this report or annexed belongs to the
Corporation of the City of Panaji and shall not be used unless permitted by
the Corporation.
The report has been prepared by Sanjit Rodrigues & Clinton Vaz.
Photo & Map Credit: Clinton Vaz
Sanjit Rodrigues Clinton Vaz

Administrator Waste Management Consultant
Corporation of the City of Panaji Corporation of the City of Panaji
Panaji, Goa – 403 001 Panaji, Goa – 403 001
Cell: +91 9822 123 738 Cell: +91 9860 036 828
Office: +91 (832) 2223339 Office: +91 (832) 2237160
E-mail: commissioner@panjim.org E-mail: clinton.vaz@panjim.org

24 Down Report Disposal of MSW in Panaji City

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

24 Down Report Disposal of MSW in Panaji City

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PANAJI

Detailed Project Report & Selection of

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 2

The city has an area of 7.56 sq. kms and

Like most municipalities, CCP started waste

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 3

bottomless circular concrete rings and

When it was full, it was collected

In 2003, CPP started a new waste

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 4

CPP invested time and money with

In accordance with the Solid Waste

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 5

However, after successfully

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 6

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 7

2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with the Corporation

Vehicles Allocated For SWM

Hydraulic Compactor Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Internal Mileage Tare

Dome Shaped Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 8

Open & Tipper Municipal Solid Waste Trucks

Type of Date of Mileage

Type of Date of Mileage

Present Establishment Expenditure

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 9

For transportation of waste, CPP has 90 skilled (technical) workers performing

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 10

3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji

A clearly defined zone map is annexed at Annexure I.

2 Church Square Jacinto Conceicao

3 18th June Rd Kamlakant Sirvoikar

4 Dona Paula Sashi Balekar

5 Bhatlem / Mala Madev Gauns

6 Altinho Sunil Das

7 Fontainhas Suraj Nageshkar

8 Panaji Market Anthony Fernandes

9 Patto Mahesh Payelkar

10 Miramar Nagesh Das

11 Campal James Talwar

12 Ribandar Sidharth Tari

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 11

• A 2 month long field investigation (Between August 2005 and October

• Waste generated by households and establishments in these zones was

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 12

fraction at Zone 6, weighed 990 kgs. Details of Truck Details as on 22nd

Truck Details for Household MSW Collection & Quantification

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 13

From this data collected:

• Identifying Waste Generators:

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 14

Quantities of Wet Fraction Generators:

Wet (Organic) Fraction

Panaji's Total Wet Waste

Offices, Shops & Schools

Hotels (Lodging Only)

Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 15

Quantities of Dry Fraction Generators:

Dry (Inorganic) Fraction

Panaji's Total Dry Waste

Offices, Shops & Schools