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Testing Definitions
Black-Box Testing
Or
Ex:- property,behaviour
Techniques
Boundary value analysis: checking the range between the lower bound
and upper bound
Error guessing: Checking by giving invalid i/p and guessing invalid o/p
White –Box Testing
Techniques
Multiple condition coverage: invoking each and every entry point atleast
once
Levels of Testing
Unit Tesing.
Integration Testing
Top-down: when main module is finished /built and lower level modules
are under construction we use stubs to simulate the functionality of lower
level module.
Bottom-up: when lower level modules are finished/built and main module
is under construction we use drivers to simulate the functionality of main
module.
System Testing.
Acceptance Testing
Regression Testing
After receiving the modified build from the developer to check whether the
received build is showing any side effect on the application,or any new
functionality is added or not,removed any functionality.
Re-testing
Automated Testing.
Error
It may be generated due to improper syntax, improper logic. Ex: run time
error, logical error, syntax error
Defect:
Stub.
Called function
Driver.
Test Plan
A.The document which shows the objective ,scope ,approach and focus of
an application.
Test Case
The document that describes the input ,action or event and output of the
application.
Or
A set of test data and test programs (test scripts) and their expected
results. A test case validates one or more system requirements and
generates a pass or fail.
Test Procedure
Or
Test Log.
A detailed record of what tests cases were run, who ran the tests, in what
order they were run, and whether or not individual tests were passed or
failed
Or
Test Item
Test script
Static TESTing
Review:
Walk-through
Inspection
Validation.(QC)
A. Checking whether we are getting the correct out-put from the
application.
Dynamic Testing
It is the process of testing the application/code by running it. (ie black box
testing).
Test BED
Test Harness:
Methods of testing
White-box,Black-box
Incremental Testing
Thread testing
Test Initialization
Test plan
Test Reporting
Test Closure
Portability
Compatibility
Test suite
Test component
Basic path
Sanity
Smoke
Installation
uninstallation
Recovery
Html
Dhtml
Xhtml
Javascript
Css cascading style sheets
Internet concepts
Web server
Web browser
Cookie
Cache
http
https
ip address
ip
HTTP server
Application server
Xhtml
Dll
Localization
Globalization/internationalization
Client-side scripting
Server-side scripting
Cross-site scripting/xss
Phishing
Sql injection
Plug-in
Add-on
Networking concepts
Worm
Virus
Temp file
Port:
Examples:
Second service: is the Post Office Protocol (POP) which is used by e-mail
client applications on user's personal computers to fetch email messages
from the server. The POP service listens on TCP port number 110
Both services may be running on the same host computer, in which case
the port number distinguishes the service that was requested by a remote
computer, be it a user's computer or another mail server.
Hardware port : a 'port' serves as an interface between the computer and
other computers or peripheral devices. Physically, a port is a specialized
outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects.
Electronically, the several conductors making up the outlet provide a signal
transfer between devices.
Parallel port(female port-holes) – send multiple bits at the same time over
several sets of wires. Ex: printers,scanners
serial port(male port-pins) – send and receive one bit at a time via a single
wire pair – EX-modems. serial ports provide a standard connector and
protocol to let you attach devices, such as modems, to your computer.
Router
socket
packet
gateway
modem
subnet-mask
operating systems
registry: It is document when a software,hardware is installed in the system
it marks an entry registry. located on the cpu.
win modes:authentication
win commands:
authorization
authentication
operating systems:
protocols
HTTP,HTTPS,LDAP,IMAP,FTP,SMTP,POP3
Operating systems……
There are many different types, but three typically hover at the top of the
list: Windows, Mac OS and Linux.
Both Windows and Mac OS are commercial OSes, while Linux is Free and
Open Source (FOSS), meaning that it's completely free to use ($0!) and
also free to modify (change the sourcecode).
While Linux is the most open OS of the three, it is the most technical of the
bunch, and its desktop usage is somewhat wavery considering the huge
number of toolkit (control interface) choices available to developers wishing
to write applications for the system. This choice is there because it is a free
OS and developers are free to make the choices they want regarding the
toolkit, programming language they want to use and so on, but for some it
is too off-putting to make the field a viable venture.
At a lesser level, there are many other OSes out there, although they're not
very widely known. These projects are typically written using a specific
coding style or for a specific goal, and there are many different systems to
choose from.
One example is React OS, an open source effort that takes the Wine
project and combines it with an NT-compatible kernel to provide
compatibility with Windows applications (ReactOS can run a large number
of Windows apps). Therefore, ReactOS' aim is to provide Windows 2000
compatibility in an entirely free codebase.
Another example is Syllable, which has a moderately small user base but is
quite a success. Syllable is a fork of a project called AtheOS, which, quite
impressively, was written entirely by a single person (consdering the
comprehensiveness of the GUI and kernel API), but sadly died out some
time ago, due to the original author losing interest in the project. Syllable
come a long way since AtheOS but it is still a beta OS and can suffer
issues from different applications or windows randomly crashing to the
entire display subsystem becoming unstable.
Overall, there are many different types of operating system, to those which
boot off a floppy disk and print a message to those which are portable to
next to anything to those which contain millions of lines of code and have
consumed the consumer market.
Answer
Within the broad family of operating systems, there are generally four
types, categorised based on the types of computers they control and the
sort of applications they support. The broad categories are:
Types of OS
Answer