Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1
Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
– Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)
– Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)
• Adam Smith
– Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776
– Advocated the division of labour (job specialization) to increase
the productivity of workers
• Industrial Revolution
– Substituted machine power for human labour
– Created large organizations in need of management
2
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey
Development of Major Management Theories
4
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey
Scientific Management
7
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey
General Administrative Theory
Max Weber
• Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal
type of organization (bureaucracy)
• Emphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality,
technical competence, and authority
• Division of labour: pros and cons
8
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey
Human Relations
• People are the most important asset of an
organization
• People’s needs and relationships
9
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
Mary Parker Follet
11
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
Chester Barnard
• “The Functions of the Executive”
• The president of Bell Telephone
• Organization occurs whenever two people work together
for some purpose
• Cooperation depends on workers’ accepting manager’s
authority
• Zone of indifference
People will be indifferent to orders if they
– (1) are understood,
– (2) are consistent with the purpose of the organization,
– (3) are compatible with the people’s personal interests, and
– (4) can actually be carried out
Operations Management
Operations management involves managing the daily
production of goods and services
• Quantitative or mathematical approach to find ways to
increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce
costly inventories.
• Quality control, forecasting techniques, capacity planning, productivity
measurement and improvement, linear programming, scheduling systems,
inventory systems, work measurement techniques, project management,
and cost-benefit analysis.
15
Source: Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. (2009) Management 10th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey
Contemporary Approach
The Contingency Approach
• Also called the situational approach.
• There is no one universally applicable set of
management principles (rules) by which to manage
organizations. It all depends (if…then…)
• Organizations are individually different, face different
situations (contingency variables), and require
different ways of managing.