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ABSTRACT
Since the microbes and humans have co co-evolved with to microbes alter immune system priming thereby th
each other, so, the coexistence between them is key increasing susceptibility to atopic diseases [7].
for survival on earth. With the emergence of concept
that all microbes are germs in germ theory given by Evolution of hygiene hypothesis
Robert Koch, the humans headed towards a lifest
lifestyle With the advancement of technology and increased
where hygienic environment became synonymous to understanding of microbes, the hygiene hypothesis
the sterile environment. This eventually led to some underwent more refinement and has evolved over
unintended consequences. The millennial generation time. Various extensions
ons of the hygiene hypothesis
witnessed increased cases of allergic, atopic and have been given over time as shown in Fig. 1.
autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, these cases aare
not uniformly distributed across the world. Rather,
there is an uneven geographic distribution of these
cases. The cases are more prevalent in
developed/urbanised areas compared to
underdeveloped/rural areas. The occurrence of these
diseases is attributeded to immune dysregulation
occurring in the body. The uneven interactions
between the microbes and the immune cells result in
an exaggerated hypersensitive IgE mediated immune
response which result in the diseases. The present
review aims to discuss the role
le of microbes pertaining
to hygiene hypothesis and the effect of microbe
symbiosis on the human health.