ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND WAVES

UNIT 1: STEP 2: TO RECOGNIZE ELECTRODYNAMIC AND WAVE

APPLICATIONS

PRESENTED BY
CRISTIAN DAVID FAJARDO RODIÑO

CODE: 1028029032

TUTOR:
WILLIAM MAURICIO SAENZ

GROUP:
203058_67

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OPEN AND DISTANCE

2018
WORK DEVELOPMENT

1. Explain the concept of loss tangent by means of an example

The concept of tangential loss is related to the manufacture of the material at the
time of spreading through the medium, for example, the interference in the 5.8
GHz waves that are frequently used in the link radios, when there is an
interference penetration there is a great Loss of bandwidth of these and their
ability to function decreases

2. What kind of information does the speed of propagation give us in

wave propagation the wave movement propagates with a speed that depends on
the characteristics of the medium, as we will show when analyzing the transverse
waves in a string and the longitudinal waves in an elastic bar.
In this page, the propagation of a wave motion in a string subjected to a tension
is analyzed to obtain the formula of the propagation speed of the transverse
waves.
We can deduce the formula for the propagation speed of longitudinal waves in an
elastic bar that will depend on its mechanical characteristics: Young's modulus
and density
3. Explain how an electromagnetic wave behaves in free space, perfect
The Huygens Principle is an important principle to understand the propagation
mechanism of the radio wave in free space. Reference: Huygens principle, when
a wave propagates, points appear that take part in the movement. The surface
that contains them is a wave front. The Huygens Principle states that every point
of a wave front acts as a secondary focus of spherical waves. The superposition’s
of the spherical waves produced by the secondary focuses form a new wave
front. The new wave front is the surface that contains the new secondary foci,
and so on. An undisturbed wave front travels as one piece

4. Using the electromagnetic spectrum, explains the practical application of

each type of radiation

 Gamma rays: more energetic radiation. It has the highest frequency (and
therefore, the shortest wavelength). They constitute a form of radioactivity.

 X-rays: Radiation of lower energy than gamma rays. It is used in medical

explorations and in the study of metals.

 Ultraviolet rays (UV): Radiation of lower energy than X-rays. It mainly

comes from the sun.

 Visible radiation: Radiation of less energy than ultraviolet rays. It picks

up the range of frequencies that can be perceived by sight, from red to
violet.

 Infrared rays (IR): Radiation of less energy than visible radiation. It is

emitted by hot bodies.

 Microwave: Radiation of lower energy than infrared. It is used in electrical

appliances and medical therapy.

 TV and radio waves: less energetic radiation. They are used in

telecommunications.
5. What is the refractive index and what kind of information does it give us about
the behavior of electromagnetic waves?
The refractive index is defined as the speed of light in vacuum, divided by the
speed of light in the medium

Below are the refractive indices of some common substances, a more complete
description of the indices given for the optical glasses, the given values are
approximate and do not take into account the dispersions that are the small
variations of the index with the wavelength of the light

Material n Material n

Vacuum 1.000 Ethyl alcohol 1.362

Air 1.000277 Glycerine 1.473

Water 4/3 Ice 1.31

Carbon disulfide 1.63 Polystyrene 1.59

Methylene iodide 1.74 Crown glass 1.50-1.62

Diamond 2.417 Flint glass 1.57-1.75

6. Below are the refractive indices of some common substances, a more
complete description of the indices is given par6. What is a flat wave and its use?

In the physics of wave propagation (especially in fields and electromagnetic

waves), a plane wave or also called a mono-dimensional wave, is a wave of
constant frequency whose wave fronts (surfaces with constant phase) are parallel
planes of constant amplitude normal to vector phase velocity. That is to say, they
are those waves that propagate in a single direction throughout the space, like
for example the waves in the springs or in the cords. If the wave propagates in a
single direction, its wave fronts are flat and parallel.
By extension, the term is also used to describe waves that are approximately flat
in a localized region of space. For example, a source of electromagnetic waves
such as an antenna produces a field that is approximately flat in a far field region.
That is, at a distance far from the source, the waves emitted are approximately
flat and can be considered as such.
to the optical glasses the given values are approximate and do not take into
account the dispersions that are the small variations of the index with the
wavelength of the light

6.1 What is a non-planar wave?

It is called a spherical wave because its wave fronts are concentric spheres,
whose centers coincide with the position of the source of disturbance.
Sound waves are spherical waves when they propagate through a homogeneous
and isotropic medium, such as air or water at rest. The light also propagates in
the form of spherical waves in the air, water, or through the vacuum
7. What are magnetic and non-magnetic media and their use?
A magnetic medium is a device that stores information by means of magnetic
waves. Magnetic media are hard drives, 3 1/2 "discs, audio cassettes or
cassettes.
Magnetic media must be kept away from magnetic fields and no body with
magnetic properties (such as magnets, telephones) should be brought near them,
as they could cause irretrievable loss of data already stored.
As a measure of protection of magnetic media, backup and backup copies must
be made. Secure data at remote sites, offline and out of reach, until you need
them. For this it is advisable to hire a vault storage service for tapes in remote
sites

Choose one of the following problems, solve it and share the solution in the
forum
 Selected exercise # 5
For a 1 GHz signal, traveling in seawater finds the attenuation per unit length.
How long does the signal have to travel, to have an attenuation? greater than
3dB?
To solve the problem, we do the following and taking into account that the
attenuation constant is:
α = √π.f.μ.σ
For seawater, the parameters are:
σ: 4 μr: 1 f: 1 Ghz

We replace and solve:

α = 3.54 Np / m
The wave for an attenuation of 3dB, which is half its power, travels:
e ^ αz = 1/2
e ^ -αz = 2
z = 1 / α * ln (2)
z = 1.51 mm
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

http://www.cavsi.com/preguntasrespuestas/que-son-medios-magneticos/
https://lasondas.webnode.es/ondas-circulares/
http://educativa.catedu.es/44700165/aula/archivos/repositorio/3000/3236/html/2
1_ndice_de_refraccin.html
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracci%C3%B3n
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_refracci%C3%B3n
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbasees/geoopt/refr.html
https://www.saberespractico.com/ciencia/principales-tipos-de-radiacion-
electromagnetica/