1.

Noun
NOUN (laKk)
Noun : A name of a person, place, thing, quality, con dition, action and emotion are called
noun.
In short, we can say name is noun.
fdlh O;fDr] LFkku] oLrq] xq.k] n'kk] dk;Zdyki vkSj Hkko osQ uke dks Noun dgrs gSaA la{ksi esa ge
dg ldrs gSa fd fdlh Hkh uke dks Noun dgrs gSaA
NOUN

Countable noun Uncountable noun

(x.kuh; laKk) (vx.kuh; laKk)

Proper noun Common noun Collective noun Material noun Abstract noun
(O;fDrokpd (tkfrokpd (lewgokpd (nzO;okpd (Hkkookpd
laKk) laKk) laKk) laKk) laKk)
1. Countable noun : The noun which can be counted is called countable noun like
Rohan, boy, class.
(a) Proper noun : A proper noun represents the name of a specific person, place or thing
like Ram, Delhi, Nokia.
fdlh fo'ks"k O;fDr] LFkku vkSj oLrq vkfn osQ uke dks Proper noun dgrs gSaA
Note : (1) Proper noun esa Articles dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gS ijarq ge oqQN Proper nouns esa The
dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
Example : The Tajmahal is beautiful.
(2) Proper noun is always written with a capital letter.
(3) s/es is never used with any proper noun.
(b) Common noun : A common noun is a noun which refers to common persons, places
or things.
Example : Boy, book, town, table.
ftl Noun ls fdlh fo'ks"k O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq dk cks/ u gksdj iwjh tkfr ;k Js.kh dk cks/ gksrk
gS] mls Common noun dgrs gSaA
(1)

Talent without dedication is like a gun without bullet.

izfrHkk fcuk izfrc¼rk] xksyh jfgr canwd osQ leku gSA
2 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Examples :
jke ,d fpfdRld gSA esjs ikl ,d fdrkc gSA
Ram is a doctor. I have a book.
eSa 'kgj esa jgrk gw¡A fnYyh Hkkjr dh jkt/kuh gSA
I live in a town. Delhi is the capital of India.
Note : It is com pulsory to use an article with a singular common noun.
eSa fpfdRld gw¡A og f[kykM+h gSA
I am a doctor. He is a player.
(c) Collective noun : A collective noun refers to a group of people, animals or things as
a group. It can take a singular form but are com posed of more than one individual person
or items like crowd, army, team, family.
ftl Noun ls O;fDr;ksa vkSj oLrqvksa osQ lewg dk cks/ gksrk gS mls Collective noun dgrs gSaA
Note : When a collective noun is used as a singular, the helping verb can be taken either
singular or plural.
Example : The com pany has decided to open a new outlet. The
com pany have decided to open a new outlet.
2. Uncountable noun : The noun which cannot be counted like gold, water, happiness.
(a) Material noun : A material noun is the name of a material substance which can be
measured but cannot be counted.
ftl Noun ls fdlh nzO; ;k inkFkZ dk cks/ gksrk gS] ftls ekik ;k rksyk tk ldrk gS fdarq fxuk ugha
tk ldrk gS] ftlls fofHkUu oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS mls Material noun dgrs gSaA
Example : Gold, water, wood, rice etc.
(b) Abstract noun : An abstract noun is a word which names something that you cannot
see, hear, touch, smell or taste.
ftl Noun dks ge viuh ik¡pksa bafnz;ksa ls vuqHko ugha dj ldrs gSa mls Abstract noun dgrs gSaA
tSlsμ Happiness, beauty, hunger, childhood etc.
EXERCISE NO. 1
Suggest suitable proper nouns of follo w ing common nouns :
Singer Actor Teacher Brother Sister Postman
Animal Chair T.V. Shirt Poet Writer
Scientist Friend Slipper God Movie Cycle
Watch Student School Bank Father Mother
Actress

Education without ethics, is harmful.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 3

EXERCISE NO. 2
Suggest suitable common nouns of follo w ing proper nouns :
India Ram Sita The Red Fort
Micromax Reebok April 1995
J upiter Toyota Dell Pacific ocean
Himalaya The Ganga The Bhagvad Gita Bihar
Cricket The Statue of liberty Akshay Kumar Virat Kohli
Narender Modi Pulsar Khaitan Samsung
The Quran

EXERCISE NO. 3
Pick out the nouns and write their kinds in follo w ing sentences : Examples :
1. Sachin is an intelligent boy.
Sachin : Proper noun
Boy : Common noun
2. I have silver and gold.
Silver and gold : Material noun
3. Mr. Chopra is a man of great knowledge.
Mr. Chopra : Proper noun
Man : Common noun
Knowledge : Abstract noun.
1. A dog has four legs.
2. The Red Fort is in Delhi.
3. Rakesh drinks milk.
4. Health is wealth.
5. Honesty is the best policy.
6. Our army wins every battle.
7. Children have honesty.
8. The Gita and the Ramayana are holy books.
9. Akbar was a great king.
10. Delhi is the capital of India.
11. Abdul is a laborious boy.
12. Ram is a writer.
13. Pooja is a married girl.
14. Money is God in modern age.
15. Shri Krishna is Almighty God.

uSfrdrk osQ vHkko eas f'k{kk gkfudkjd gksrh gSA

 2. Pronoun and Adjective
PRONOUN (loZuke)
Pronoun : The word which we use instead of noun is called pronoun.
Example : Ram is intelligent. He is intelligent.
 
Noun Pronoun
ge ftu 'kCnksa dks Noun osQ LFkku ij iz;ksx djrs gSa] mls Pronoun dgk tkrk gSA vki Åij fn,
Example esa le> ldrs gSaA
Noun osQ Repetition dks jksdus osQ fy, gh Pronoun dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rkfd okD; dh
lqanjrk cuh jgsA
Example : Ram is a handsome boy. Ram is my friend. Ram studies in my class.
;gk¡ Noun (Ram) dk iz;ksx ckj&ckj gksus ls okD; dh lqanjrk [kRe gks xbZ gS blfy, ge ;gk¡ Ram
osQ cnys He dk iz;ksx dj okD; dks lqanj cukus dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Ram is a handsome boy. He is my friend. He studies in my class.
ge ;gk¡ Pronoun dks ,d lkj.kh }kjk le>us dk iz;kl djsaxsμ
Pe rsonal P ossessive Pe rsonal P ossessive
P ronoun Adjective P ronoun P ronoun

I (eSa) My (esjk] esjh] esjs) Me (eq>s] eq>dks) Mine (esjk] esjh] esjs)
We (ge] ge yksx) Our (gekjk] gekjh] gekjs) Us (gesa] gedks) Ours (gekjk] gekjs)
You (rqe] vki Your (rqEgkjk] rqEgkjh] rqEgkjs] You (rqEgsa] rqedks Your s (rqEgkjk] rqEgkjh
rqe yksx] vki yksx) vkidk] vkidh] vkiosQ) vki] vkidks) rqEgkjs] vkidk] vkidh]
vkidh)
They (os] os yksx) Their (mudk] mudh] muosQ) Them (mUgsa] mudks) Theirs (mudk] mudh]
muosQ)
He (og) (Boy) His (mldk] mldh] mlosQ) Him (mls] mldks) His (mldk] mldh]
mlosQ)
She (og) (Girl) Her (mldk] mldh] mlosQ) Her (mls] mldks) Hers (mldk] mldh]
mlosQ)
Personal pronoun : A pronoun which relates to persons (fir st, secon d and third person)
relating to persons I, we, you, they, he, she, me, us, them, him, her.

(4)

Dedication makes our dream come true.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 5

P ossessive adjective : tc fdlh Pronoun osQ Bhd ckn Noun dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rks og
Adjective esa cny tkrk gSA My, our, your, their, his, her dks Possessive adjective dgk tkrk gS
D;ksafd Possessive dk vFkZ gksrk gSμvf/dkj vkSj ;s lHkh Adjectives, noun ls igys iz;ksx gksdj Noun
ij fdldk vf/dkj gS] ;g izekf.kr djrs gSaA
Example :
1. ;g mldh dye gSA
This is his/her pen. 2.
;g rqEgkjh fcYyh gSA
This is your cat.
Pen vkSj cat dk Lokeh dkSu gS ;k bu ij fdldk vf/dkj gS] ;g crkus osQ fy, His/Her vkSj
Your dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA vr% ;g Possessive adjective gSA
P ossessive pronoun : oLrq ij fdldk vf/dkj gS] ;g crkus osQ fy, ftu Pronouns dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mls Possessive pronoun dgrs gSaA tSlsμMine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs.
Example :
1. ;g fdrkc esjh gSA
This book is mine. 2.
;g dye rqEgkjh gSA
This pen is yours.
Book vkSj Pen ij fdldk vf/dkj gSA ;g crkus osQ fy, Mine vkSj Your s dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k
gSA vr%] ;g Possessive pronoun gSA
Note : His vkSj Her nks ,sls 'kCn gSa ftudk iz;ksx Adjective vkSj Pronoun nksuksa :i esa gksrk gSA
Example :
1. ;g mldh dye gSA
This is his pen. Possessive adjective
2. ;g dye mldh gSA
This pen is his . Possessive pronoun
3. eSa mldks tkurk gw¡A
I know her . Personal pronoun
4. mldh cgu eq>s tkurh gSA
Her sister knows me. Possessive adjective
Note : Possessive adjective vkSj Possessive pronoun osQ ckjs eas foLrkj ls Chapter No. 6
eas crk;k x;k gSA

leiZ.k gekjs liuksa dks lp dj nsrk gSA

6 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISE NO. 1
Use suitable pronouns at the place of noun in given sentences :
1. Ram is intelligent. 2. Sita is beautiful.
3. Ram and Mohan are friends. 4. Ram, Shyam, Sita and I are educated.
5. My friend is lazy. 6. Her friend is clever.
7. Their friends are actors. 8. Your sister is talented.
9. Sita and Geeta are sisters. 10. Ramesh is a leader.
11. Ram teaches Mohan. 12. Ram teaches Mohan and Krishna.
13. Sachin meets Ram, Mohan and I. 14. Ram and Mohan know my friend.
15. Manoj and Mahesh talk to Radha and Lalita.
16. Nidhi sees Pooja. 17. My friends and I go to temple.
18. My friends and I teach Ram and Shyam.
19. Varun and Mahesh talk to Radha. 20. Radha calls Meena and Rashmi.

AD JECTIVE (fo'ks"k.k)
Adjective : The word which tells the quality of noun and pronoun is called an adjective.
tks 'kCn Noun vkSj Pronoun dh Quality crk, mls Adjective dgk tkrk gSA
Example : Ram is a tall boy. She is a beautiful girl.
 
Adjective Adjective
Sachin is a rich person. They are honest doctor s.
 
Adjective Adjective

EXERCISE NO. 2
Pick out the adjectives :
1. The coffee is not good. 2. Ram has a white shirt.
3. Sachin is a good player. 4. We are honest.
5. Red shirt is shiny. 6. Beautiful girls are intelligent.
7. The white lion caught a deer. 8. He was a kind man.
9. This pen is red. 10. Mukesh Ambani is a rich man.
11. My brother is clever. 12. That dress is very expensive.
13. Farmers are laborious. 14. Malala is a brave girl.
15. The Ganga is a holy river.

Talent needs opportunity but success needs commitment.

 3. Use of Is, Am, Are
Is/Am/Are dk iz;ksx Noun and Adjective crkus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bu okD;ksa esa Verb
dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA bu okD;ksa osQ var esa gw¡] gSa] gksa ,oa gksrk gS bR;kfn yxk jgrk gSA buesa Am dk
iz;ksx I osQ fy,] Is dk iz;ksx Singular noun osQ fy, ,oa Are dk iz;ksx Plural noun osQ fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples of Noun :
eSa jktk gw¡A og f[kykM+h gSA ge yksx fpfdRld gSaA
I am a king. He is a player. We are doctor s.
Examples of Adjective :
eSa xjhc gw¡A rqe yacs gksA jke vehj gSA
I am poor. You are tall. Ram is rich.

EXERCISE NO. 1 : Noun

1. eSa Mkfd;k gw¡A 2. vki vè;kid gSaA 3. ge odhy gSaA 4. jke pksj gSA 5. os yksx ukSdj gSaA 6. og
vfHkusrk gSA 7. jk/k ysf[kdk gSA 8. jke vkSj ';ke nksLr gSaA 9. rqe jlksb;k gksA 10. og etnwj gSA
11. eSa dfo gw¡A 12. lhrk ,d fpfdRld gSA 13. og ,d xkf;dk gSA 14. ge yksx fdlku gSaA 15. rqe
,d vfHk;ark gksA
EXERCISE NO. 2 : Adjective
1. eSa yack gw¡A 2. rqe laqnj gksA 3. ge gksf'k;kj gSaA 4. os yksx eksVs gSaA 5. og lgh gSA 6. vki bZekunkj
gksA 7. jke O;Lr gSA 8. xhrk detksj gSA 9. lhrk vkSj xhrk eklwe gSaA 10. rqe xyr gksA 11. jke vkSj ';ke
LoLFk gSaA 12. Hkkjrh; cgknqj gksrs gSaA 13. cPps mnkl gSaA 14. yM+osQ uV[kV gSaA 15. lhrk lqanj gSA
EXERCISE NO. 3 : Noun & Adjective Together
1. eSa yack f[kykM+h gw¡A 2. rqe cqf¼eku f'k{kd gksA 3. ge O;Lr ys[kd gSaA 4. os yksx pkykd fdlku
gSaA 5. jkenso ,d vehj lk/q gSA 6. vki ,d vPNs ckophZ gksA 7. lhrk vkSj xhrk bZekunkj dykdkj gSaA
8. og ,d vuqHkoh f'k{kd gSA 9. og ,d [kwclwjr vfHkus=kh gSA 10. rqe ,d fuiq.k rSjkd gksA 11. jke ,d
gksugkj fo|kFkhZ gSA 12. ge e'kgwj ys[kd gSaaA 13. jke vkSj ';ke rkdroj igyoku gSaA 14. rqe ,d pkykd
usrk gksA 15. usgk ,d esgurh yM+dh gSA
EXERCISE NO. 4 : Possessive Adjective
1. esjk HkkbZ uV[kV gSA 2. rqEgkjk HkkbZ rkdroj gSA 3. gekjk ukSdj vkylh gSA 4. mudk nksLr vfHkusrk
gSA 5. mldk nksLr ,d usrk gSA 6. mldh lgsyh urZdh gSA 7. vkidk oqQÙkk [krjukd gSA 8. mudh ekrkth
n;kyq gSaA 9. mlosQ pkpkth f'k{kd gSaA 10. gekjs f'k{kd fo}ku gSaA 11. vkiosQ nksLr yksx f[kykM+h gSaA

(7)

izfrHkk dks volj ijarq liQyrk dks izfrc¼rk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
8 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

12. mlosQ vè;kidx.k e'kgwj gSaA 13. rqEgkjk fe=k ,d vijk/h gSA 14. mldh lgsyh ,d oqQ'ky oDrk gSA
15. mlosQ fj'rsnkj bZekunkj gSaA

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Sentence formation : Subject + is/am/are + not + Noun/Adjective.
Examples :
eSa ,d dfo ugha gw¡A og xjhc ugha gSA
I am not a poet He is not poor.
rqe gksf'k;kj ugha gksA jes'k ,d vfHkusrk ugha gSA
You are not intelligent. Ramesh is not an actor.
ge yksx cgknqj ugha gSaA os yksx bZekunkj ugha gSaA
We are not brave. They are not honest.

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. eSa chekj ugha gw¡A 2. jfo vehj ugha gSA 3. ge odhy ugha gSaA 4. rqe eksVs ugha gksA 5. ge yksx
Hkw[ks ugha gSaA 6. lhrk vkylh ugha gSA 7. pksj [krjukd ugha gSA 8. jke vkSj eksgu fe=k ugha gSaA 9. cPps
'kjkjrh ugha gSaA 10. vkidk HkkbZ cnek'k ugha gSA 11. gekjk ukSdj ifjJeh ugha gSA 12. mldk fe=k fdlku
ugha gSA 13. Hkkjrh; vf'kf{kr ugha gSA 14. os yksx n;kyq ugha gSaA 15. fo|kFkhZ vkKkdkjh ugha gSaA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Sentence formation : Is/am/are + Subject + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
1. D;k eSa chekj gw¡\ 2. D;k og ,d laxhrdkj gS\
Am I ill ? Is he a musician ?
3. D;k rqe vehj gks\ 4. D;k og va/k gS\
Are you rich ? Is he blind ?
5. D;k cPps Hkw[ks gSa\ 6. D;k vki yksx fdlku gSa\
Are the children hungry ? Are you farmers ?

EXERCISE NO. 6
1. D;k og ,d /ksch gS\ 2. D;k ge fdlku gSa\ 3. D;k og larq"V gS\ 4. D;k rqe odhy gks\
5. D;k ge csbZeku gSa\ 6. D;k lhrk fuHkhZd gS\ 7. D;k eSa xyr gw¡\ 8. D;k oqQÙkk [krjukd gSA 9. D;k rqe
nksuksa HkkbZ xw¡xs gks\ 10. D;k og ,d dykdkj gS\ 11. D;k vkidh iRuh 'kehZyh gSA 12. D;k Hkkjrh; ÑrK
gksrs gSaA 13. D;k esjk HkkbZ pksj gS\ 14. D;k muosQ firkth Mkfd;k gSa\ 15. D;k mldk fe=k xk;d gS\

Problems are more helpful than advice to improve ourselves.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 9

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Sentence formation : Is/am/are + Subject + Not + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
1. D;k eSa fHk[kkjh ugha gw¡\ 2. D;k og vPNk ugha gS\
Am I not a beggar ? Is he not good ?
3. D;k iwQy lqanj ugha gS\ 4. D;k jke odhy ugha gS\
Are the flowers not beautiful ? Is Ram not an advocate ?
5. D;k rqe O;Lr ugha gks\ 5. D;k cPps cqf¼eku ugha gSa\
Are you not busy ? Are the children not intelligent ?

EXERCISE NO. 7
1. D;k os yksx xjhc ugha gSa\ 2. D;k rqe Mjiksd ugha gks\ 3. D;k eSa n;kyq ugha gw¡\ 4. D;k vkidh
ek¡ fouez ugha gSa\ 5. D;k phuh ehBh ugha gksrh gS\ 6. D;k cPps uV[kV ugha gksrs gSa\ 7. D;k rqEgkjk HkkbZ
?keaMh ugha gS\ 8. D;k lhrk HkkX;'kkyh ugha gS\ 9. D;k ge esgurh ugha gS\ 10. D;k mldk fe=k pksj ugha
gS\ 11. D;k jke bZekunkj ugha gS\ 12. D;k og dfo ugha gS\ 13. D;k lksgu vkSj eksgu fe=k ugha gS\
14. D;k og lqanj ugha gS\ 15. D;k vki vkylh ugha gks\
WH FAMILY SENTENCES
Is/Am/Are osQ okD;ksa esa eq[;r% D;ksa (Why) vkSj oSQls (How) dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSlsμ
Sentence formation : WH family word + Is/am/are + Subject + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
1. eSa oSQls csbZeku gw¡\ 2. rqe D;ksa xqLls esa gks\
How am I dishonest ? Why are you angry ?
3. og oSQls ,d pksj gS\ 4. ge yksx xjhc D;ksa gSa\
How is he a thief ? Why are we poor ?
5. jke oSQls xyr gS\ 6. os yksx [kq'k D;ksa gSa\
How is Ram wrong ? Why are they happy ?

EXERCISE NO. 8
1. lhrk D;ksa nq[kh gS\ 2. cPps D;ksa Hkw[ks gSa\ 3. eSa oSQls nks"kh gw¡\ 4. rqe rS;kj D;ksa gks\ 5. jke oSQls
cqf¼eku gS\ 6. og oSQls larq"V gS\ 7. jke vkSj eksgu D;ksa pkykd gSa\ 8. fo|kFkhZx.k oSQls ozwQj gS\ 9. rqEgkjk
HkkbZ vijk/h D;ksa gS\ 10. mldh lgsyh oSQls oqQ:i gS\ 11. vki D;ksa ,d f'k{kd gSa\ 12. mldk HkkbZ oSQls
,d dykdkj gS\ 13. fdlku D;ksa ijs'kku gSa\ 14. rqe D;ksa vf'kf{kr gks\ 15. os yksx oSQls gSa\

[kqn dks lq/kjus esa leL;k,¡ lykg ls T;knk lgk;d gksrh gSaA
10 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISE NO. 9
Fill in the blanks by using is/am/are :
1. My name Radha. 2. You his best friend.
3. She an actor. 4. Ram and Mohan brothers.
5. They magicians. 6. He lazy.
7. You and I doctor s. 8. We clever.
9. you intelligent ? 10. his brother a teacher ?
11. they kind and honest ? 12. she beautiful ?
13. our servant poor ? 14. They humble.
15. Krishna a good poet.

EXERCISE NO. 10
Fill is/am/are in the questions and ans w ers :
1. What her name ? Her name Radhika.
2. Where he from ? He from Bihar.
3. How old you ? I twenty five year old.
4. What her address ? Her address A-32, Yadav Nagar.
5. How you ? I fine.
6. What their jobs ? They doctor s.
7. he married ? No, he not married.
8. Where they from ? They from Mathura.
9. we happy ? Yes, we .
10. you sad ? No, I not.
¹uksV % bl vè;k; esa iz;ksx lHkh Nouns vkSj Adjectives dh English, Page 174 ij nh xbZ gSAº

When desire ends, happiness starts.

 4. Use of Was, Were
Hkwrdky esa was/were dk iz;ksx Noun vkSj Adjective crkus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bu okD;ksa
esa Verb dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA bu okD;ksa osQ var esa Fkk] Fks] Fkh bR;kfn yxk jgrk gSA buesa Was dk
iz;ksx Singular (Noun and Pronoun) osQ fy, vkSj Were dk iz;ksx Plural (Noun and Pronoun)
osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples of Noun :
eSa ,d f'k{kd FkkA os yksx dfo FksA og f[kykM+h FkkA
I was a teacher. They were poets. He was a player.
Examples of Adjective :
lhrk lqanj FkhA ge detksj FksA vki mnkl FksA
Sita was beautiful. We were weak. You were sad.

EXERCISE NO. 1 : Noun

1. eSa ys[kd FkkA 2. vki fdlku FksA 3. jke ,d oSKkfud FkkA 4. euh"k nthZ FkkA 5. os yksx lSfud
FksA 6. lhrk vijk/h FkhA 7. rqe vkSj eSa nksLr FksA 8. ge yksx xk;d FksA 9. og ,d vfHkus=kh FkhA
10. jtr vkSj v'ouh nq'eu FksA 11. jk/k ,d fpfdfRldk (MkWDVj) FkhA 12. og ,d rSjkd FkkA 13. os
yksx pksj FksA 14. vkjrh vkSj iwtk cgusa FkhaA 15. jke ,d lk/q FkkA
EXERCISE NO. 2 : Adjective
1. eSa [kq'k FkkA 2. rqe eksVs FksA 3. oqQÙkk [krjukd FkkA 4. ge yksx irys FksA 5. os yksx vuqHkoh FksA
6. og le>nkj FkkA 7. jkf/dk lqanj FkhA 8. og vf'kf{kr FkhA 9. pksj funZ;h FkkA 10. pkSdhnkj lqLr FkkA
11. jke vkSj jes'k ykyph FksA 12. vki LoLFk FksA 13. xk; dkyh FkhA 14. jktk n;kyq FkkA 15. etnwj yksx
esgurh FksA
EXERCISE NO. 3 : Noun & Adjective Together
1. eSa ,d izfl¼ ys[kd FkkA 2. rqe ,d /wrZ O;fDr FksA 3. ge xjhc f'k{kd FksA 4. os yksx bZekunkj
vf/dkjh FksA 5. og ,d vehj f[kykM+h FkkA 6. egkjk.kk izrki ,d egku jktk FksA 7. x.ks'k vkSj izoh.k fouez
xk;d FksA 8. usgk ,d [kwclwjr vfHkus=kh FkhA 9. jes'k ,d vPNk ckophZ FkkA 10. lfpu vksj lkSjo cqf¼eku
fo|kFkhZ FksA 11. og ,d vuqHkoh f'kf{kdk FkhA 12. os yksx izfrHkkoku fp=kdkj FksA 13. xksikyÑ".k xks[kys
,d fo}ku usrk FksA 14. os yksx mHkjrs gq, dykdkj FksA 15. ge O;Lr fpfdRld FksA
EXERCISE NO. 4 : Possessive Adjective
1. esjk nksLr fookfgr FkkA 2. rqEgkjk HkkbZ pksj FkkA 3. gekjh ekrk th o`¼ FkhA 4. vkidk 'k=kq fo}ku
FkkA 5. mldh cgu vfHk;ark FkhA 6. esjh iRuh lqanj FkhA 7. muosQ fj'rsnkj ykyph FksA 8. mldk HkkbZ nq"V FkkA
(11)
tc bPNkvksa dk var gksrk gS rc [kqf'k;ksa dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA
12 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

9. mldh lgsyh ulZ FkhA 10. vkidk fe=k ,d vijk/h FkkA 11. mlosQ fe=kx.k nks"kh FksA 12. vkidh xk; dkyh
FkhA 13. gekjk lsod vkKkdkjh FkkA 14. muosQ iM+kslh >xM+kyw FksA 15. esjs fo|kFkhZ izfrHkkoku FksA
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Sentence formation : Subject + was/were + not + Noun/Adjective.
Examples :
eSa pkykd ugha FkkA rqe cqf¼eku ugha FksA
I was not clever. You were not intelligent.
ge yksx ys[kd ugha FksA lkses'k ,d jktk ugha FkkA
We were not writers. Somesh was not a king.
og nthZ ugha FkkA os yksx rSjkd ugha FksA
He was not a tailor. They were not swimmers.

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. eSa ,d fpfdRld ugha FkkA 2. rqe vfHk;ark ugha FksA 3. jke eksVk ugha FkkA 4. xk; dkyh ugha FkhA
5. jke vkSj jfo fe=k ugha FksA 6. jes'k f'k{kd ugha FkkA 7. cPps 'kjkjrh ugha FksA 8. pksj lkglh ugha FkkA
9. og alqanj ugha FkhA 10. os yksx lekt lsod ugha FksA 11. gekjk fe=k fØosQVj ugha FkkA 12. vki yksx
rS;kj ugha FksA 13. og ,d xk;d ugha FkkA 14. vuq"dk ,d vfHkus=kh ugha FkhA 15. jatu eksVk ugha FkkA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Sentence formation : Was/were + Subject + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
D;k eSa ikxy Fkk\ D;k rqe vehj Fks\
Was I mad ? Were you rich ?
D;k yM+osQ gksf'k;kj Fks\ D;k os yksx nthZ Fks\
Were the boys intelligent ? Were they tailors ?
D;k ge yksx fdlku Fks\ D;k og xyr Fkk\
Were we farmers ? Was he wrong ?

EXERCISE NO. 6
1. D;k og chekj Fkh\ 2. D;k rqe ,d fpfdRld Fks\ 3. D;k os gekjs cPps Fks\ 4. D;k oqQlhZ ubZ
Fkh\ 5. D;k vki yksx I;kls Fks\ 6. D;k lc oqQN Bhd Fkk\ 7. D;k js.kq vkSj nsfodk cqf¼eku yM+fd;k¡ Fkha\
8. D;k fodkl esgurh Fkk\ 9. D;k ge O;Lr Fks\ 10. D;k lc Hkkjrh; Fks\ 11. D;k lhrk rqEgkjh cgu
Fkh\ 12. D;k uhjt funksZ"k Fkk\ 13. D;k Hkkjrh; 'kkafrfiz; FksA 14. D;k Hkkjr dh turk tkx:d Fkh\
15. D;k os yksx xzkeoklh FksA

Being the source of inspiration for others in positive way is success.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 13

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Sentence formation : Was/were + Subject + Not + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
D;k eSa lqanj ugha Fkh\ D;k og lektlsoh ugha Fkk\
Was I not beautiful ? Was he not a social worker ?
D;k rqEgkjh iq=kh f'kf{kr ugha Fkh\ D;k ge yksx xjhc ugha Fks\
Was your daughter not educated ? Were we not poor ?
D;k os yksx [kq'k ugha Fks\ D;k Hkkjrh; fdlku esgurh ugha Fks\
Were they not happy ? Were Indian farmers not laborious ?

EXERCISE NO. 7
1. D;k og ukjkt ugha Fkk\ 2. D;k gekjk ukSdj bZekunkj ugha Fkk\ 3. D;k og lkglh ugha FkhA 4. D;k
vki yksx vuqifLFkr ugha Fks\ 5. D;k mudk fe=k /ks[ksck”k ugha Fkk\ 6. D;k eSa ,d vPNk firk ugha Fkk\
7. D;k os yksx ozwQj ugha Fks\ 8. D;k lquhrk HkkX;'kkyh ugha Fkh\ 9. D;k rqe nks"kh ugha Fks\ 10. D;k og
O;Lr ugha Fkk\ 11. D;k mldh cgu 'kknh'kqnk ugha Fkh\ 12. D;k jke vkSj ';ke n;kyq ugha Fks\ 13. D;k
esjs firkth vuqHkoh ugha Fks\ 14. D;k eSa izlUu ugha Fkk\ 15. D;k laU;klh larq"V ugha Fks\
WH FAMILY SENTENCES
Was/Were osQ okD;ksa esa eq[;r% D;ksa (Why), dc (When) vkSj oSQls (How) dk gh iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS tSlsμ
Sentence formation : WH family word + Was/Were + Subject + Noun/Adjective ?
Examples :
eSa oSQls xyr Fkk\ rqe nq[kh D;ksa Fks\
How was I wrong ? Why were you sad ?
os yksx oSQls cqjs Fks\ vki dc Hkw[ks Fks\
How were they bad ? When were you hungry ?
ge oSQls f'kf{kr Fks\ og [kq'k D;ksa Fkk\
How were we educated ? Why was he happy ?

EXERCISE NO. 8
1. rqe D;ksa FkosQ gq, Fks\ 2. mlosQ firk th oSQls funZ;h Fks\ 3. og oSQls ykpkj Fkk\ 4. jke vkSj eksgu
oSQls bZekunkj Fks\ 5. os yksx D;ksa mnkl Fks\ 6. eSa oSQls HkkX;'kkyh Fkk\ 7. vki dc mifLFkr Fks\ 8. og
D;ksa rS;kj Fkh\ 9. rqEgkjk HkkbZ dc gksf'k;kj Fkk\ 10. xka/h th oSQls egku Fks\ 11. lhrk D;ksa ijs'kku Fkh\
12. os yksx D;ksa vk'p;Zpfdr Fks\ 13. mudk HkkbZ oSQls larq"V Fkk\ 14. og oSQls vPNk odhy Fkk\
15. njoktk D;ksa [kqyk gqvk Fkk\

thou ds lgh ekXkZ esa nwljksa ds fy, izsj.kk dk Ïksr cuuk gh liQyrk gSA
14 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISE NO. 9
Fill in the blanks by using w as/w ere :
1. I tired last night.
2. Where Geet yesterday ?
3. You late in the class.
4. We thirsty.
5. You the owner of that house.
6. She a Punjabi singer in Canada.
7. Devika lazy but now she is active.
8. Suman not an intelligent girl.
9. Ram not so clever.
10. They fearless in childhood.
11. It uncomfortable.
12. your sisters educated ?
13. Ram and Mohan friends ?
14. the boys not your students ?
15. your children not naughty ?

EXERCISE NO. 10
Correct the sentences w hich are incorrect :
1. You and I was kind.
2. They were tall.
3. Ram and Mohan were friends.
4. Why was you sad ?
5. How I was guilty ?
6. We were thirsty not ?
7. Why were I not lucky ?
8. Sita and Gita was not sisters.
9. He were clever.
10. She was beautiful.
11. How was he and his brother innocent ?
12. Were you ready ?
13. Were your friend not arrogant ?
14. Why were he honest ?
15. Ram and Mohan were not enemies.

Character shows its real face in the worse time.

 5. Use of Shall be/Will be
Shall be/will bedk iz;ksx Hkfo";dky dh LFkk;h fLFkfr n'kkZus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls okD;ksa
osQ var esa cuw¡xk] cuw¡xh] cusxk] jgsxk] jgsxh] jgsaxs vFkok gksxk] gksxh] gksaxs yxk jgrk gSA bl izdkj
osQ okD;ksa eas I vkSj We osQ lkFk Shall be ,oa vU; lHkh Subjects osQ lkFk Will be dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj bleas Verb dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
os yksx [kq'k jgsaxsA eSa rS;kj jgw¡xkA
They will be happy. I shall be ready.
ge yksx bZekunkj cusaxsA og mifLFkr jgsxkA
We shall be honest. He will be present.
rqe Hkw[ks jgksxsA jke ,d i=kdkj cusxkA
You will be hungry. Ram will be a journalist.

EXERCISE NO. 1
1. eSa [kq'k jgw¡xkA 2. og fdlku cusxkA 3. rqe [kq'k jgksxsA 4. ge O;Lr jgsaxsA 5. og ,d vPNk usrk
cusxkA 6. rqe ,d f[kykM+h cuksxsA 7. lhrk ,d ulZ cusxhA 8. og vuqifLFkr jgsxhA 9. og /uoku cusxkA
10. os yksx usd vkSj n;kyq cusaxsA 11. ,d fnu rqe t:j dke;kc gksxsA 12. rqe eksVs gks tkvksxsA 13. ge
larq"V jgsaxsA 14. xjhc yksx xjhc gh jgsaxsA 15. vehj yksx vehj gh jgsaxsA
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Note : Negative Sentences esa Shall vkSj Will osQ ckn Not dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Examples :
og vui<+ ugha jgsxkA ge tknwxj ugha cusaxsA
He will not be illiterate. We shall not be magicians.
eSa fdlku ugha cuw¡xkA esjk nksLr eafnj dk iqtkjh ugha cusxkA
I shall not be a farmer. My friend will not be a priest of a temple.
rqe gekjs usrk ugha cuksxsA og egku ugha gksxkA
You will not be our leader. He will not be great.
EXERCISE NO. 2
1. ge mifLFkr ugha gksaxsA 2. rqe vehj ugha cuksxsA 3. ge nq'eu ugha cusaxsA 4. eksgu Mjiksd ugha cusxkA
5. eSa vfHkus=kh ugha cuw¡xhA 6. rqe xjhc ugha jgksxhA 7. og ulZ ugha cusxhA 8. og egku ugha cusxkA
9. rqe ,d pijklh ugha cuksxsA 10. esjk HkkbZ vf'kf{kr ugha jgsxkA 11. ge yksx nks"kh ugha gksaxsA 12. mlosQ
fe=k dk jgu&lgu lk/kj.k ugha jgsxkA 13. cPps Hkw[ks ugha jgsaxsA 14. og O;Lr ugha jgsxkA 15. os yksx f[kykM+h
ugha cusaxsA
(15)

pfj=k dh lgh igpku eqf'dy le; esa gh gksrh gSA

16 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Note : Interrogative Sentences esa Will/Shall, Subject ls igys iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA
Examples :
D;k eSa ,d fpfdRld cuw¡xk\ D;k og ,d vfHkusrk cusxk\
Shall I be a doctor ? Will he be an actor ?
D;k lkjs Hkkjrh; f'kf{kr gksaxs\ D;k ge rkdroj cusaxs\
Will every Indian be educated ? Shall we be strong ?
D;k os yksx usrk cusaxs\ D;k mldk HkkbZ LoLFk jgsxk\
Will they be politicians ? Will his brother be healthy ?

EXERCISE NO. 3
1.D;k eSa HkkX;'kkyh cuw¡xh\ 2. D;k jek le>nkj cusxh\ 3. D;k ge vehj gksaxs\ 4. D;k og gekjk
ukSdj cusxk\ 5. D;k rqe eksVs gksxs\ 6. D;k og nthZ cusxk\ 7. D;k eSa ,d egku xk;d cuw¡xk\ 8. D;k
jfo ,d dke;kc vkneh cusxk\ 9. D;k vki dfo cuksxs\ 10. D;k cPps ns'kHkDr cusaxs\ 11. D;k os yksx
izfl¼ dykdkj cusaxs\ 12. D;k rqEgkjk fe=k ,d f'k{kd cusxk\ 13. D;k jk/k izlUu jgsxh\ 14. D;k gekjk
ns'k ,d fodflr ns'k cusxk\ 15. D;k rqe usd cuksxs\
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k eSa [kq'k ugha jgw¡xh\ D;k iou le>nkj ugha cusxk\
Shall I not be happy ? Will Pawan not be wise ?
D;k og gekjk usrk ugha cusxk\ D;k ge egku ugha cusaxs\
Will he not be our leader ? Shall we not be great ?
D;k os yksx mifLFkr ugha jgsaxs\ D;k vki f'k{kd ugha cusaxs\
Will they not be present ? Will you not be a teacher ?

EXERCISE NO. 4
1. D;k eSa ,d vPNk fo|kFkhZ ugha cuw¡xk\ 2. D;k vki ,d lSfud ugha cuksxs\ 3. D;k xhfrdk yach
ugha gksxh\ 4. D;k ge yksx 'kkafrfiz; ugha cusaxs\ 5. D;k og [kq'k ugha jgsxk\ 6. D;k os yksx ikVhZ esa ugha
gksaxs\ 7. D;k xjhc yksx Hkw[ks ugha jgsaxs\ 8. D;k og ozqQ¼ ugha gksxk\ 9. D;k f'k{kd mifLFkr ugha gksaxs\
10. D;k ge fouez ugha cusaxs\ 11. D;k os yksx nq[kh ugha gksaxs\ 12. D;k vki izlUu ugha jgsaxs\ 13. D;k
lhrk liQy ugha gksxh\ 14. D;k og f[kykM+h ugha cusxk\ 15. D;k fo|kFkhZ bZekunkj ugha cusaxs\

Unsuccessful people follow society and society follows successful people.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 17

WH FAMILY SENTENCES
Note : blesa How and WH Family osQ Word dk iz;ksx lcls igys fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
eSa fdlku D;ksa cuw¡xk\ Hkkjrh; dc bZekunkj cusaxs\
Why shall I be a farmer ? When will Indians be honest ?
rqe D;ksa [kq'k ugha jgksxs\ os D;ksa LoLFk ugha jgsxk\
Why will you not be happy ? Why will he not be healthy ?
lhrk oSQls vfHk;ark cusxh\ esjk ns'k egku D;ksa ugha cusxk\
How will Sita be an engineer. Why will my country not be great ?

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. os yksx D;ksa vuqifLFkr jgsaxs\ 2. rqe vè;kid oSQls cuksxs\ 3. og D;ksa ,d fdlku ugha cusxk\
4. rqEgkjk HkkbZ dc le>nkj gksxk\ 5. ge yksx D;ksa mifLFkr ugha jgsaxs\ 6. eSa dc f'k{kd cuw¡xk\ 7. os yksx
D;ksa larq"V ugha jgsaxs\ 8. lhrk dc esjh nksLr cusxh\ 9. lhrk vkSj xhrk oSQls ijs'kku ugha jgsaxh\ 10. jke
D;ksa fpfdRld ugha cusxk\ 11. og D;ksa gekjk usrk ugha cusxk\ 12. eSa dc fo'olaqnjh cuw¡xh\ 13. rqe D;ksa
vfHkusrk cuksxs\ 14. rqe D;ksa vfHkusrk ugha cuksxs\ 15. eSa dc vfHk;ark cuw¡xk\

EXERCISE NO. 6
Fill in the blanks by using shall be/w ill be :
1. You be great.
2. She be a teacher.
3. I not ready.
4. We not your teachers.
5. Will he a player ?
6. she be rich ?
7. Suchita not be an actress ?
8. You not be tired.
9. They will not farmers.
10. Shall I be powerful ?
11. we be satisfied ?
12. You not be a great singer.
13. I be a doctor.
14. Ram and Mohan not friends.
15. Sachin not be happy ?

vliQy yksx lekt dk vkSj lekt liQy yksxksa dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA
 6. Articles
‘A’, ‘An’ rFkk ‘The’ dks Articles dgk tkrk gSA ‘A’ vkSj ‘An’ dks Indefinite article rFkk ‘The’
dks Definite article dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa Modern English Grammar esas Determiners Hkh dgk tkrk
gSA lkekU;r% bldk iz;ksx Noun ls igys fd;k tkrk gSA vr% ;s Adjective Hkh gSaA (A, an, the, all,
few, little, much, any, another, this, that, these, those oqqqQN eq[; Determiners gSaA)
ARTICLES
>

>
Indefinite article Definite article
>

>
A/An The

INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A/An)

Rule No. 1. A/An dk iz;ksx Singular countable noun vFkkZr~ Common noun vkSj Collective
noun ls igys fd;k tkrk gS
Example :
He is a boy. (Common noun)
Ram is a doctor. (Common noun)
This is a pen. (Common noun)
A group of students is shouting. (Collective noun)
A jury of judges was appointed. (Collective noun)
Rule No. 2. Proper noun ls igys A/An dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
He is a Ram. (✕) He is Ram. (✓)
It is a Srimad Bhagvad Gita. ( ✕)
It is Srimad Bhagvad Gita. ( ✓)
I live in a Delhi. (✕) I live in Delhi. (✓)
Rule No. 3. A/An dk iz;ksx All (lc) osQ vFkZ eas fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
A cow is a useful animal.
xk; ,d mi;ksxh tkuoj gSA
A lion is brave.
flag cgknqj gksrk gSA
(18)
Talent, intelligence, creativity and ability are worthless without a great goal.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 19

Rule No. 4. A/An dk iz;ksx fxurh crkus okys 'kCnksa ls iwoZ fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
I have a thousand rupees. She
has a dozen eggs.
Ram had a hundred books.
Amitabh Bachchan has a million fans on twitter. I
have a cou ple of friends.
Rule No. 5. tc fdlh sentence (okD;) esa fdlh singular countable noun dk iz;ksx igyh
ckj gks rks ml noun ls igys a/an dk iz;ksx gksrk gS ijarq ;fn mlh noun dk iz;ksx nksckjk gks ;k
ml noun dk iz;ksx vkxs tc&tc gks rks ml noun ls igys ‘the’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Example :
Last night a man met me. The man had a gun with him.
A beggar came to me. The beggar was blind. The beggar was hungry.
Rule No. 6. A/An dk iz;ksx ^,d* osQ vFkZ esa gksrk gSA
Example :
I have eaten a mango.
eSaus ,d vke [kk;k gSA
He has an orange. mlosQ
ikl ,d larjk gSA
Rule No. 7. A/An dk iz;ksx ‘adjective’ ls igys ugha gksrk gS ijarq ;fn adjective osQ ckn noun
dk iz;ksx gks rks A/An dk iz;ksx gksxkA
Example :
An honest. (✕)
An honest man. ( ✓)
A tall. (✕)
A tall boy. (✓)
Rule No. 8. A/An dk iz;ksx izfr ekg (per month), izfr oLrq dher ;k izfr@dh nj ls] osQ vFkZ esa gksrk
gSA
Example :
Ram runs ten kilometres an hour.
jke nl fdyksehVj izfr ?kaVk dh nj ls Hkkxrk gSA
She earns ` 10,000 a month.
og izfr ekg nl gtkj #i, dekrh gSA
Wheat is sold at ` 25 a kilo.
xsgw¡ 25 #i;s izfr fdyks dh nj ls cspk tkrk gSA

izfrHkk] cqf¼erk] jpukRedrk vkSj ;ksX;rk ,d egku mís'; osQ fcuk ewY;ghu gSaA
20 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Rule No. 9. ;fn Noun ls igys Adjective gks rks a/an dk iz;ksx Adjective ls igys fd;k
tkrk gSA
Example :
He is an intelligent boy.
 
Adj. Noun
She is a tall girl.
 
Adj. Noun
Rule No. 10. ;fn Noun ls igys Adjective vkSj Adverb nksuksa gksa rks a/an dk iz;ksx Adverb
ls igys fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
Radhika is a very beautiful girl.
  
Adv. Adj. Noun
Mohan is a very talented singer.
  
Adv. Adj. Noun

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A AND AN

ftl 'kCn ls igys gesa A/An dk iz;ksx djuk gks ;fn og 'kCn Loj èofu (Vowel sound) ls izkjaHk
gks rks ogk¡ ge ‘an’ dk iz;ksx djsaxs vkSj ;fn 'kCn O;atu èofu (Consonant sound) ls izkjaHk gks rks
ogk¡ ij ge ‘a’ dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Note : English Grammar esa a, e, i, o vkSj u dks vowel alphabet vkSj vU; lHkh alphabets
dks con sonant alphabet dgk tkrk gS vkSj ftl 'kCn osQ mPpkj.k (pronunciation) esa vowel
alphabet dk sound vk, ogk¡ ‘An’ vkSj ftl 'kCn osQ mPpkj.k esa consonant alphabet dk sound
vk, ogk¡ ‘A’ dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Examples :
An honest man ( vkSusLV) A boy (ckW;)
An H.M.T. watch (,p-,e-Vh-) A university (;wfuoflZVh)
A uniform (;wfuiQkeZ)
fganh esa A/An dk iz;ksx % ;fn fdlh word dk sound vxj fganh o.kZekyk osQ Loj o.kZ] tSlsμv]
vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkS osQ Loj ls izkjaHk gks rks ogk¡ ge An dk iz;ksx djrs gSa vkSj vU; lHkh
o.kks± osQ Loj osQ lkFk ge A dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Examples :
An M.L.A. An N.C.C. boy
An hour A cat
A bench
Serving poor is the best way to meet God.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 21

EXERCISE NO. 1
Fill in the blanks w ith A/An w here required else put a cross mark ( ✕).
1. apple. 2. elephant.
3. orange. 4. S.H.O.
5. oxen. 6. eggs.
7. owl. 8. author.
9. poets. 10. actor.
11. engineer. 12. doctor.
13. teacher. 14. art.
15. water. 16. I.A.S.
17. asses. 18. waitress.
19. expert. 20. universal truth
21. old. 22. utensil.
23. one eyed man. 24. animals.
25. aunt. 26. Hindi writer.
27. Urdu poet. 28. Hindu.
29. Muslim. 30. milk.
31. happy man. 32. album.
33. union. 34. editor.
35. student. 36. story.
37. Delhi. 38. bunch of flowers.
39. pens. 40. men.
41. F.I.R. 42. mango.
43. professor. 44. com puter.
45. ice. 46. excuse.
47. beautiful. 48. women.
49. juice. 50. dead person.
51. chair. 52. very sad story.
53. honest. 54. books.
55. funny joke. 56. fantastic answer.
57. old man. 58. teacher.
59. story books. 60. cow.

xjhcksa dh lsok djuk Hkxoku ls feyus dk lcls vPNk rjhdk gSA

22 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

61. loyality. 62. good.

63. writer. 64. car.
65. hour. 66. old songs.
67. Bihar. 68. unit.
69. English Cd. 70. new desk.
71. pencil. 72. chinese.
73. icecream. 74. cat.
75. my pen. 76. NCC officer.
77. umbrella. 78. owl.
79. interesting novel. 80. woode n table.
81. innocent. 82. troop of monkeys.
83. radio. 84. dozen.
85. buses. 86. accide nt.
87. useful animal. 88. Half hour.
89. X-ray. 90. lawyer.
91. tiger. 92. orator.
93. B.D.O. 94. Urdu poem.
95. dishonest man. 96. tea.
97. important. 98. historical sword.
99. team. 100. typist.

LET’S KNOW SOMETHING S PECIAL

lkekU;r% Proper noun osQ lkFk A/An dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gS ijarq oqQN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa ge Proper noun osQ lkFk Hkh A/An dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa] tSlsμ
1. Proper noun dk iz;ksx tc Common noun dh rjg gks] rks Proper noun ls igys A/An
dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Examples :
He is a Kalidas. og dkfynkl tSlk fo}ku gSA
She is a Ambani. og vackuh tSlh /uh gSA
You are a J ames Bond. vki tsEl ckaM tSls tklwl gksA
2. tc A/An dk iz;ksx ^dksbZ* osQ vFkZ esa fd;k tk, rks A/An dk iz;ksx Proper noun ls igys
gksrk gSA
Examples :
A Hemant Thakur wants to meet you.
dksbZ gsear BkoqQj vkils feyuk pkgrs gSaA

Reason to have a great dream will decide your destination.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 23

A Neeraj has sent something for you.

fdlh uhjt us vkiosQ fy, oqQN Hkstk gSA
3. lkekU;r% Abstract noun ls igys A/An dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gS ijarq ;fn Abstract
noun ls igys Adjective dk iz;ksx gks rks A/An dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Examples : Life vkSj Education, Abstract nouns gSaA vc ge buesa Adjective, add
djrs gSaμ
I want a good life.
He has received a great education.
4. ;fn Verb dk iz;ksx Noun osQ :i esa gks rks Verb osQ igys A/An dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
I go for a walk. (walk = lSj)
He wants to have a drink. (drink = 'kjkc) She
had a long talk. (talk = ckrphr)
5. A/An dk iz;ksx oqQN Uncountable nouns osQ lkFk Hkh gksrk gSA tSlsμ
Examples :
Have a shower. Have a share.
Have a conver sation. Have a dream.
Have a chat. Have a fight.

“The” Define Article

Rule No. 1. ufn;ksa (Rivers), lkxjksa (Sea) vkSj egklkxjksa (Oceans) osQ uke ls igys The dk
iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Examples :
ufn;ksa osQ uke lkxjksa osQ uke egklkxjksa osQ uke
The Ganga The Red Sea The Pacific Ocean (iz'kkar egklkxj)
The Thames The Dead Sea The Indian Ocean(fgan egklkxj)
The Yamuna The Black Sea The Atlantic Ocean (vVykafVd egklkxj)
Rule No. 2. The dk iz;ksx ioZr Jsf.k;ksa (Series of mountains) osQ uke ls igys gksrk gSA
Examples :
The Himalayas
The Vindhyas
The Alps
Note : ioZr dh pksfV;ksa (Peaks of mountain) osQ uke ls igys The dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA

vkiosQ y{; osQ ihNs dk dkj.k vkidh eafty dks fu/kZfjr djrk gSA
24 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Examples :
The Mount Everest ( ✕) Mount Everest ( ✓)
The Nanda Devi ( ✕) Nanda Devi ( ✓)
The Mount Abu (✕) Mount Abu ( ✓)
Rule No. 3. /kfeZd xazFkksa osQ uke ls iwoZ ‘The’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Examples :
The Ramayan
The Quran
The Gita
The Bible
Rule No. 4. ‘The’ dk iz;ksx mu phtksa osQ fy, gksrk gS tks nqfu;k esa osQoy ,d vkSj vuwBh
(unique) gSA
Examples :
The Sun
The Moon
The Earth
The Sky
Note : Heaven, Hell, God, Parliament osQ iwoZ ‘The’ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA
Rule No. 5. ,sfrgkfld bekjrksa (Historical buildings), ,sfrgkfld LFkkuksa (Historical places) vkSj
,sfrgkfld ?kVuk (Historical event) ls igys ‘The’ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
,sfrgkfld bekjr ,sfrgkfld LFkku ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk
The Taj Mahal The Gandhi Maidan The Battle of Chamkaur
The Qutub Minar The Kaba The French Revolution
The Red Fort The Pentagon The English Revolution
Rule No. 6. Superlative degree osQ lkFk ‘The’ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
He is the best student.
Radha is the most beautiful girl in the class. Swami
Sarvapriyananda is the wisest monk.
Rule No. 7. ‘The’ dk iz;ksx fdlh Singular common noun ls igys fd;k tkrk gS ftlls iwjh tkfr
dk cks/ gksrk gS vkSj og tkfr fo'ks"k dh fo'ks"krk crkrk gS] tSlsμ
Example :
The cow is a useful animal. The
dog is a faithful animal.
The lion is a dangerous animal.

Responsibilities are helpful to make us sincere.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 25

Note : ‘The’ dk iz;ksx Singular common noun ls igys fliZQ tkuojksa (animal) dh iwjh tkfr dk
cks/ djkus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Rule No. 8. ‘The’ dk iz;ksx Ordinal adjectives (Øeokpd fo'ks"k.k) ls igys gksrk gS ;fn buosQ ckn
Noun dk iz;ksx gks rks
Example :
The first Prime Minister of India was Pandit J awaharlal Nehru.

Ordinal
adjective
The last lesson of my book is very interesting.

Ordinal
adjective
Dr. A.P. J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India.

Ordinal
adjective
Rule No. 9. O;fDr osQ in osQ iwoZ ‘The’ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
Mukesh Ambani is the executive director of Reliance Industries. He is
the Chairman of Infosys.
Narender Modi is the Prime Minister of India.
Rule No. 10. ‘The’ dk iz;ksx fn'kkvksa (Directions) osQ uke ls igys gksrk gS] tSlsμ
Example :
The East
The West
The South
The North

EXERCISE NO. 1
Fill in the blanks w ith A/An or The w here necessary :
1. He has come without umbrella.
2. Which is longest river in India ?
3. honest person never tells lie.

ftEEksnkfj;k¡ gesa O;ogkjoqQ'ky cukus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA

26 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

4. Sachin is young cricketer.

5. Sun shines brightly.
6. I returned after hour.
7. Moon shines in sky.
8. Radha is most beautiful girl in class.
9. My mother has read Gita and Ramayana.
10. Everest is highest peak in world.
11. Honesty is best policy.
12. India is great country.
13. Pacific ocean is very deep.
14. They are going to hospital to visit sick friend.
15. Mahabharata is religious book.
16. Ganga is sacred river.
17. Zakir Husain was 3rd President of India.
18. Battle of Chamkour was fought between Khalsa led by Guru Gobind
Singh ji and Mughal forces led by Wazir khan.
19. He is most intelligent boy of the class.
20. tiger is fierce animal.

EXERCISE NO. 2
Translate into English :
1. Jhen Hkxon~ xhrk ,d /kfeZd iqLrd gSA 2. i`Foh lw;Z osQ pkjksa vksj ?kwerh gSA 3. bZekunkjh loksZÙke
uhfr gSA 4. lq"kek d{kk esa lcls cqf¼eku yM+dh gSA 5. laLÑr lcls iqjkuh Hkk"kk gSA 6. flag ,d fgald
i'kq gSA 7. i`Foh xksy gSA 8. vkdk'k uhyk gksrk gSA 9. fnlacj lky dk vafre eghuk gSA 10. vfuy fjyk;al
dk CEO gSA 11. ikuhir dh yM+kbZ cgqr gh jkspd FkhA 12. vVy fcgkjh oktis;h Hkkjr osQ nlosa iz/kuea=kh
FksA 13. vjfoan osQtjhoky fnYyh osQ eq[;ea=kh gSaA 14. rktegy ,d izfl¼ Lekjd gSA 15. fgan egklkxj
cgqr gh xgjk gSA 16. pk¡n cgqr gh lqanj gSA 17. lhrk d{kk dh lcls lqanj yM+dh gSA 18. xk; ,d ikyrw
tkuoj gSA 19. tuojh lky dk izFke eghuk gksrk gSA 20. ½Xosn lcls iqjkuk xazFk gSA

Insult can help you to improve yourself if you have self-respect.

 7. Demonstrative Pronouns and
Demonstrative Adjectives
This, That, These rFkk Those, Demonstrative Pronouns vkSj Demonstrative Adjectives
nksuksa gSaA
tc This, That, These rFkk Those dk iz;ksx Noun dks n'kkZus osQ fy, gksrk gS vFkkZr~ budk iz;ksx
Noun ls igys ugha gksrk gS ,slh fLFkfr esa bUgsa Demonstrative Pronouns dgk tkrk gSA
This, These dk iz;ksx fudVrk n'kkZus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
This dk iz;ksx singular noun rFkk these dk iz;ksx plural noun osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
This (;g) These (;s@;s lc)
;g ,d dye gSA ;s fdrkcsa gSaA
This is a pen. These are books.
;g ,d fdrkc gSA ;s FkSfy;k¡ gSaA
This is a book. These are bags.
;g oqQÙkk gSA ;g lc oqQflZ;k¡ gSaA
This is a dog. These are chairs.

EXERCISE NO. 1
1. ;g fcYyh gSA 2. ;s fcfYy;k¡ gSaA 3. ;g isM+ gSA 4. ;s isM+ gSaA 5. ;g ,d yM+dk gSA 6. ;s lc
yM+osQ gSaA 7. ;g ?kM+h gSA 8. ;s ?kfM+;k¡ gSaA 9. ;s eqfxZ;k¡ gSaA 10. ;g ,d cDlk gSA 11. ;s lc cDls gSaaA
12. ;g dkj gSA 13. ;s dkjsa gSaA 14. ;g fdrkc gSA 15. ;s fdrkcsa gSaA
That/Those dk iz;ksx nwjh n'kkZus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
That dk iz;ksx singular noun vkSj those dk iz;ksx plural noun osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :
That (og) Those (os@os lc)
og ,d cSy gSA os iqLrosaQ gSaA
That is an ox. Those are books.
og isM+ gSA os isM+ gSaA
That is a tree. Those are trees.
og oqQÙkk gSA os lc ?kksM+s gSaA
That is a dog. Those are horses.

(27)

;fn vki esa vkRe&lEEkku gS rks vieku vkidks lq/kjus eas lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA
28 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISE NO. 2
1. og ,d yM+dh gSA 2. os lc yM+fd;k¡ gSaA 3. og FkSyh gSA 4. os FkSfy;k¡ gSaA 5. og oqQlhZ gSA
6. os oqQflZ;k¡ gSaA 7. og eqxkZ gSA 8. os eqfxZ;k¡ gSaA 9. og xk; gSA 10. os xk;sa gSaA 11. og dkj gSA 12. os
dkjsa gSaA 13. og ia[kk gSA 14. os ia[ks gSaA 15. os lc etnwj gSaA
NOTE : ^^og eksgu gS** bldk vuqokn He is Mohan vkSj That is Mohan nksuksa gks ldrk gSA
That is Mohan rHkh dgk tk ldrk gS tc Mohan dh vksj laosQr djrs gq, okD; dgk tk,A

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
;g ,d lqanj iwQy ugha gSA ;s ?kksM+s ugha gSaA
This is not a beautiful flower. These are not horses.
og x/k ugha gSA os cPps ugha gSaA
That is not a donkey. Those are not children.
os lc etnwj ugha gSaA ;g fo|kFkhZ ugha gSA
Those are not labours. This is not a student.

EXERCISE NO. 3
1. ;g fdrkc ugha gSA 2. ;s xk; ugha gSaA 3. og dkj ugha gSA 4. os FkSfy;k¡ ugha gSaA 5. ;g oqQÙkk ugha
gSA 6. og fcYyh ugha gSA 7. ;s fo|kFkhZ ugha gSaA 8. os oqQflZ;k¡ ugha gSaA 9. ;g isM+ ugha gSA 10. ;s fcfYy;k¡
ugha gSaA 11. og FkSyh ugha gSA 12. os lc etnwj ugha gSaaA 13. ;g ?kM+h ugha gSA 14. ;s lc dyesa ugha
gSaA 15. og xk; ugha gSA 16. os oaQI;wVlZ ugha gSaA 17. ;g twrk ugha gSA 18. og deht ugha gSA 19. ;s dkjsa
ugha gSaA 20. os ia[ks ugha gSaA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k ;g ?kM+h gS\ D;k os fdrkcsa gSa\
Is this a watch ? Are these books ?
D;k og eksckby gS\ D;k os lc yM+fd;k¡ gSa\
Is that a mobile ? Are those girls ?
D;k ;g ia[kk gS\ D;k ;s lc fdlku gSa\
Is this a fan ? Are these farmers ?
EXERCISE NO. 4
1. D;k ;g ,d iqLrd gS\ 2. D;k ;s iqLrosaQ gS\ 3. D;k og ,d tkuoj gS\ 4. D;k os iwQy gSa\
5. D;k ;g ,d xeyk gS\ 6. D;k ;s lc FkSfy;k¡ gSa\ 7. D;k og ,d dye gS\ 8. D;k os lc oqQflZ;k¡
gSa\ 9. D;k ;g ,d ia[kk gS\ 10. D;k og ,d ?kM+h gS\ 11. D;k ;s oaQI;wVlZ gSa\ 12. D;k os if=kdk,¡ gSa\

If you want to live happy in any relationship then forget your existense.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 29

13. D;k ;g ,d lanwd gS\ 14. D;k ;s dkjsa gSa\ 15. D;k og ,d fo|kFkhZ gS\ 16. D;k os eksckbYl gSa\
17. D;k ;g ,d pkch gS\ 18. D;k og ,d isM+ gS\ 19. D;k ;s xk;sa gSa\ 20. D;k os lc crZu gSa\

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Examples :
D;k ;g eD[ku ugha gS\ D;k ;s iqLrosaQ ugha gS\
Is this not butter ? Are these not books ?
D;k og ,d xk; ugha gS\ D;k os xk;sa ugha gS\
Is that not a cow ? Are those not cows ?
D;k ;g ckYVh ugha gS\ D;k ;s oqQflZ;k¡ ugha gS\
Is this not a bucket ? Are these not chairs ?

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. D;k ;g ,d LowQy cSx ugha gS\ 2. D;k ;s lc ewfrZ;k¡ ugha gSa\ 3. D;k og ,d x/k ugha gS\
4. D;k os lc lkfM+;k¡ ugha gSa\ 5. D;k ;g ,d oqQlhZ ugha gS\ 6. D;k os lc oqQflZ;k¡ ugha gSa\ 7. D;k
og ,d fdrkc ugha gS\ 8. D;k os iqLrosaQ ugha gSa\ 9. D;k ;g ,d ?kM+h ugha gS\ 10. D;k ;s eg¡xh ?kfM+;k¡
ugha gSa\ 11. D;k og ,d vyekjh ugha gS\ 12. D;k os vyekfj;k¡ ugha gSa\ 13. D;k ;g ,d cDlk ugha
gS\ 14. D;k og ,d xkM+h ugha gS\ 15. D;k ;s cDls ugha gSa\ 16. D;k ;s xkfM+;k¡ ugha gSa\ 17. D;k ;g
,d miU;kl ugha gS\ 18. D;k ;s ia[ks ugha gSa\ 19. D;k og ,d rLohj ugha gS\ 20. D;k os if=kdk,¡
ugha gSa\
DEMONSTRATIVE AD JECTIVES
tc this, that, these vkSj those osQ Bhd ckn noun dk iz;ksx gks rc ;g Demonstrative adjectives
dgykrs gSaA
This/These dk iz;ksx fudVrk n'kkZus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA This dk iz;ksx singular noun rFkk
these dk iz;ksx plural noun osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
This (;g) These (;s@;s lc)
;g dye lqanj gSA ;s fdrkcsa eg¡xh gSaA
This pen is beautiful. These books are precious.
;g fdrkc lLrh gSA ;s FkSfy;k¡ xanh gSaA
This book is cheap. These bags are dirty.
;g oqQÙkk [krjukd gSA ;s oqQflZ;k¡ dkyh gSaA
This dog is dangerous. These chairs are black.

;fn vki fdlh fj'rs esa [kq'k jguk pkgrs gSa rks [kqn dk vfLrRo Hkwy tkb,A
30 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISE NO. 6
1.;g fcYyh ikyrw gSA 2. ;s fcfYy;k¡ lisQn gSaA 3. ;g isM+ yack gSA 4. ;s yM+osQ 'kjkjrh gSaA 5. ;g
yM+dh eklwe gSA 6. ;s yM+fd;k¡ pkykd gSaA 7. ;g ?kM+h vueksy gSA 8. ;s cDls iqjkus gSaA 9. ;g dkj yky
gSA 10. ;s yksx vijk/h gSaA 11. ;g oaQI;wVj u;k gSA 12. ;s iwQy laqnj gSaA 13. ;g cPPkk cqf¼eku gSA
14. ;s cPps ew[kZ gSaA 15. ;g ewfrZ ,sfrgkfld gSA
That/Those dk iz;ksx nwjh n'kkZus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA that dk iz;ksx singular noun vkSj
those dk iz;ksx plural noun osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples :
That (og) Those (os@os lc )
og cSy [krjukd gSA os iqLrosQa lLrh gSaA
That ox is dangerous. Those books are cheap.
og isM+ gjk gSA os yM+osQ uV[kV gSaA
That tree is green. Those boys are naughty.
og oqQÙkk ikyrw gSA os yksx va/s gSaA
That dog is pet. Those people are blind.

EXERCISE NO. 7
1. og dye lqnaj gSA 2. os yM+osQ >xM+kyw gSaA 3. og xqfM;k lqanj gSA 4. os fcfYy;k¡ ikyrw gSaA
5. og gkj eg¡xk gSA 6. os diM+s lLrs gSaA 7. og ?kj vPNk gSA 8. os oqQÙks [krjukd gSaA 9. og iwQy ihyk
gSA 10. os oqQflZ;k¡ de”kksj gSaA 11. og xk; lisQn gSA 12. os xk;sa dkyh gSaA 13. og cDlk NksVk gSA
14. os cDls cMs+ gSaA 15. og yM+dk gksf'k;kj gSA

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
og yM+dk ew[kZ ughsa gSA os yM+osQ cqf¼eku ugha gSaA
That boy is not fool. Those boys are not wise.
;g iwQynku lqanj ugha gSA ;s yksx etnwj ugha gSaA
This flowerpot is not beautiful. These people are not labours.
og f[kykSuk etcwr ugha gSA os yM+fd;k¡ 'kehZyh ugha gSaA
That toy is not strong. Those girls are not shy

EXERCISE NO. 9
1.og diM+k vkd"kZd ugha gSA 2. os deh”ksa vkd"kZd ugha gSaA 3. og xk; nq/k: ugha gSA 4. os xk;as
nq/k: ugha gSaA 5. ;g cPpk uV[kV ugha gSA 6. os cPps 'kjkjrh ugha gSaA 7. ;g twrk uhyk ugha gSA 8. ;s
oqQflZ;k¡ etcwr ugha gSaA 9. ;g yM+dk de”kksj ugha gSA 10. ;s yM+fd;k¡ esgurh ugha gSaA 11. ;g O;fDr ?keaMh
Some time our enemy becomes our friend and he behaves well with us but
we should not trust him at all.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR 31

ugha gSA 12. ;s vè;kidx.k vkn'kZoknh ugha gSA 13. ;g iqLrd f'k{kkizn ugha gSA 14. og xkuk e/qj ugha
gSA 15. os /kjkokfgd jkspd ugha gSaA 16. ;s dgkfu;k¡ lPph ugha gSA 17. ;g ikuh xank ugha gSA 18. ;s oLrq,¡
vko';d ugha gSaA 19. og efgyk yach ugha gSA 20. os f[kykSus vlyh ugha gSaA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k ;g cPpk papy gS\ D;k ;s f[kykSus eg¡xs gSa\
Is this child playful ? Are these toys cos tly ?
D;k og cSx eSyk gS\ D;k os cDls etcwr gSa\
Is that bag dirty ? Are those boxes strong ?
D;k ;g iqLrd vPNh gS\ D;k ;s yksx LokFkhZ gSa\
Is this book good ? Are these people selfish ?

EXERCISE NO. 9
1. D;k ;g eksckby cf<+;k gS\A 2. D;k ;s dykdkj Hkkjrh; gSa\ 3. D;k og O;fDr cgjk gS\ 4. D;k
os fdrkcsa iqjkuh gSa\ 5. D;k ;g lkM+h u;h gS\ 6. D;k ;s xkfM+;k¡ [kjkc gSa\ 7. D;k og dksV lkiQ gS\
8. D;k os /kjkokfgd jkspd gSa\ 9. D;k ;g ikuh ihus ;ksX; gSa\ 10. D;k ;s iQy ehBs gSa\ 11. D;k og
gkj eg¡xk gS\ 12. D;k os lc fdlku esgurh gaSa\ 13. D;k og nqdku izfl¼ gS\ 14. D;k ;s yM+fd;k¡ 'kehZyh
gSa\ 15. D;k og ?kj u;k gS\ 16. D;k os iqLrosaQ dherh gSa\ 17. D;k ;g xyh pkSM+h gS\ 18. D;k ;s iwQy
lqanj gSa\ 19. D;k og lM+d xanh gS\ 20. D;k os Nk=k vuq'kkflr gSa\
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k ;g fdrkc iqjkuh ugha gSa\ D;k ;s lkfM+;k¡ ubZ ugha gSa\
Is this book not old ? Are these sarees not new ?
D;k og yM+dk pkykd ugha gS\ D;k os lc Nqfj;k¡ rs”k ugha gSa\
Is that boy not clever ? Are those knives not sharp ?
D;k ;g oqQlhZ yky ugha gS\ D;k os diM+s iqjkus ugha gSa\
Is this chair not red ? Are those clothes not old ?
EXERCISE NO. 10
1. D;k ;g yM+dk bZekunkj ugha gS\ 2. D;k ;s ufn;k¡ xgjh ugha gSa\ 3. D;k og ?kj cM+k ugha gS\ 4. D;k
og >xM+kyw ugaha gSa\ 5. D;k ;g iQy lM+k ugha gSa\ 6. D;k ;s dykdkj xjhc ugha gSa\ 7. D;k og cPpk
uV[kV ugha gS\ 8. D;k os xk;as ikyrw ugha gSa\ 9. D;k ;g dgkuh vPNh ugha gS\ 10. D;k ;s fdrkcsa iqjkuh
ugaha gSa\ 11. D;k og yM+dk esgurh ugha gSA 12. D;k os if=kdk,sa ?kfV;k ugha gSa\ 13. D;k ;g ikuh ehBk
ugha gSA 14. D;k ;s diM+s eg¡xs ugha gSa\ 15. D;k og L=kh ,d jlksb;k ugha gS\ 16. D;k os oqQÙks [krjukd
ugha gSa\ 17. D;k og ckYVh Hkkjh ugha gSa\ 18. D;k ;s lqj{kkdehZ vkylh ugha gSa\ 19. D;k og ia[kk cf<+;k
ugha gS\ 20. D;k ;s oaQI;wVlZ lLrs ugha gSa\

dHkh&dHkh gekjs 'k=kq gekjs fe=k cu tkrs gSa vkSj gels vPNk O;ogkj djrs gSa ijarq gesa mu ij
fo'okl ugha djuk pkfg,A
 8. Use of Has/Have
Has/Have dk iz;ksx okD; esa fdlh O;fDr dk fdlh vU; O;fDr vFkok vU; oLrq ij vf/dkj
(Possession) vFkok LokfeRo (owner ship) dks n'kkZus osQ fy, gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ okD;ksa esa fdlh
oLrq osQ ikl gksus dk cks/ gksrk gS ¹è;ku jgs ;gk¡ ikl gksus dk vFkZμfudV] lehi (near) ugha gSAº Plural
(nouns and pronouns) osQ lkFk Have vkSj Singular (nouns and pronouns) osQ lkFk Has dk
iz;ksx gksrk gS ysfdu izR;sd okD; esa ^ikl* 'kCn vk, ;g vfuok;Z ugha gSaA tSlsμesjs nks HkkbZ gSA nwljs 'kCnksa
esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd Has/have dk iz;ksx okD;ksa esa Noun osQ gksus osQ fy, gksrk gSA
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
esjs ikl fdrkc gSA jke osQ ikl dkj gSA
I have a book. Ram has a car.
muosQ ikl Kku gSA gekjs ikl iSlk gSA
They have knowledge. We have money.
Hkjr vkSj y{e.k osQ ikl cqf¼ gSaA mlosQ ikl dye gSA
Bharat and Laxman have wisdom. He has a pen.

EXERCISE NO. 1
1. esjs ikl oaQI;wVj gSaA 2. rqe yksxksa osQ ikl ik¡p xk,¡ gSaA 3. jke osQ ikl cqf¼erk gSA 4. muosQ ikl
nks oqQÙks gSaA 5. gekjs ikl cgqr iSlk gSA 6. rqEgkjs ikl ,d oqQlhZ gSA 7. muosQ ikl Kku gSA 8. lksgu dks
cq[kkj gSA 9. rqEgs Mj gSA 10. mls fo'okl gSA 11. gekjs nks HkkbZ vkSj rhu cgusa gSaA 12. esjs firk th dks
vuqHko gSA 13. mldh ek¡ esa n;k gSA 14. iqfyl dks lansg gSA 15. esjs flj esa nnZ gSA
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Note : Negative Sentence esa ftu okD;ksa eas fxurh ;k la[;k gksus dk cks/ gksrk gSa muesa Not
dk iz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj tgk¡ ij la[;k 'kwU; gksrh gS ogk¡ ij No dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA Negative Sentences
nks izdkj ls cuk, tk ldrs gSaA
Examples :
esjs ikl dye ugha gSA mlosQ ikl pkj dkjsa ugha gSaA
I have not a pen. He has not four cars.
Or Or
I don't have a pen. He does not have four cars.
jke osQ ikl iSls ugha gSaA gekjs ikl Kku ugha gSA
Ram has no money. We have no knowledge.
(32)

A weak person finds excuse before losing.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 33

Or Or
Ram does not have money. We don't have knowledge.
jkgqy vkSj lfpu osQ ikl ?kj ugha gSA mldh cgu dks cq[kkj ugha gSA
Rahul and Sachin have not a house. His sister has no fever.
Or Or
Rahul and Sachin do not have a house. His sister doesn’t have fever.

EXERCISE NO. 2
1. esjs ikl le; ugha gSA 2. mlosQ ikl ?kj ugha gSA 3. rqEgkjs ikl nks fdrkcsa ugha gSaA 4. mlosQ ikl
,d lqanj v¡xwBh ugaha gSA 5. cPpksa osQ ikl ,d xsan ugha gSA 6. lqjs'k osQ ikl ,d dkj ugha gSA 7. ge yksxksa
esa lkgl ugha gSA 8. rqEgkjs ikl xk; dk nw/ ugha gSA 9. rqEgkjh iRuh osQ ikl tsoj ugha gSA 10. nsfodk
osQ ikl vuqHko ugha gSA 11. mls Mj ugha gSA 12. lhrk dks vk”kknh ugha gSA 13. mlesa ?keaM ugha gSA
14. mls dksbZ chekjh ugha gSA 15. mls reh”k ugha gSA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k rqEgkjs ikl iSls gSa\ Have you money ? / Do you have money ?
D;k gekjs ikl eksckby gS\ Have we a mobile ? / Do we have a mobile ?
D;k jke osQ ikl diM+s gSa\ Has Ram clothes ? / Does Ram have clothes ?
D;k mlosQ ikl nks dyesa gSa\ Has he two pens ? / Does he have two pens ?
D;k lhrk osQ ikl xqfM+;k gS\ Has Sita a doll ? / Does Sita have a doll ?
D;k mu yksxksa osQ ikl /u gS\ Have they money ? / Do they have money ?

EXERCISE NO. 3
1. D;k jke osQ ikl iqLrd gS\ 2. D;k gekjs ikl le; gS\ 3. D;k rqEgkjs ikl dkj gS\ 4. D;k eq>esa
?keaM gS\ 5. D;k mldh lgsyh osQ ikl ?kj gS\ 6. D;k rqEgkjs firk th osQ ikl Kku gS\ 7. D;k mlosQ
fe=k osQ ikl dksbZ nqdku gS\ 8. D;k rqEgkjs ikl p'ek gS\ 9. D;k muosQ ikl vPNs nksLr gS\ 10. D;k cPpksa
dks lqfo/k,¡ gSa\ 11. D;k mlosQ ukSdj osQ ikl nks tksM+h diMs+a gSa\ 12. D;k thrw osQ ikl eksckby gS\
13. D;k euh"k osQ ikl ckbd gS\ 14. D;k rqEgkjs ikl oqqQN iSls gSa\ 15. D;k mlosQ ikl dye gS\
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k rqEgkjs ikl le; ugha gS\
Have you no time ? / Do you not have time ?
D;k eksfudk osQ ikl fdrkc ugha gS\
Has Monika not a book ? / Does Monika not have a book ?
D;k gekjs ikl rhu dkjsa ugha gSa\
Have we not three cars ? / Do we not have three cars ?

detksj O;fDr gkjus ls igys gkj dk cgkuk <+¡w<+ ysrs gSaA

34 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

D;k jes'k osQ ikl nks dehtsa ugha gSa\

Has Ramesh not two shirts ? / Does Ramesh not have two shirts ?
D;k rqeesa lkgl ugha gS\
Have you no courage ? / Do you not have courage ?
D;k mlosQ ikl pkj xk;sa ugha gSaA
Has he not four cows ? / Does he not have four cows ?

EXERCISE NO. 4
1. D;k esjs ikl ?kM+h ugha gS\ 2. D;k jfo osQ ikl diM+s ugha gSa\ 3. D;k vkiosQ ikl le; ugha gS\
4. D;k mlosQ ikl iSls ugha gSa\ 5. D;k gekjs ikl ?kj ugha gSa\ 6. D;k vkiosQ ikl ,d oaQcy ugha gS\
7. D;k lhrk osQ ikl xgus ugha gS\ 8. D;k lfpu osQ ikl nl cYys ugha gSa\ 9. D;k jfo vkSj euh"kk osQ
ikl Kku ugha gS\ 10. D;k muosQ ikl nks oqQflZ;k¡ ugha gSa\ 11. D;k mlosQ HkkbZ dks cq[kkj ugha gS\
12. D;k rqEgkjs fe=k dks reh”k ugha gS\ 13. D;k lfork osQ ikl xgus ugha gS\ 14. D;k Hkkjrh;ksa osQ ikl
rduhd ugha gS\ 15. D;k fHk[kkfj;ksa osQ ikl iSls ugha gSa\
WH FAMILY WORDS
Examples :
rqEgas cq[kkj D;ksa gS\
Why have you fever ? / Why do you have fever ?
mlosQ ikl fdruh lkfM+;k¡ gSa\
How many sarees has she ? / How many sarees dose she have ?
rqEgkjs HkkbZ osQ ikl rqEgkjk eksckby oSQls gS\
How has your brother your mobile ? / How does your brother have your mobile ?
muosQ ikl /u D;ksa ugha gS\
Why have they no money ? / Why do they not have money ?
muosQ firk th osQ ikl dc le; gS\
When has his father time ? / When does his father have time ?
jk/k osQ ikl iqLrd D;ksa ugha gS\
Why has Radha not a book ? / Why does Radha not have a book ?

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. jke osQ ikl dkj D;ksa ugha gS\ 2. mudh ekrkth osQ ikl fdruh lkfM+;k¡ gS\ 3. rqEgkjh iRuh osQ
ikl xgus D;ksa ugha gS\ 4. vkiosQ ikl /S;Z D;ksa ugha gS\ 5. jkf/dk osQ ikl dc le; gS\ 6. mlosQ ikl
fdrus iSls gSa\ 7. mlosQ ikl D;k gS\ 8. mlosQ ikl D;k ugha gSa\ 9. vkiosQ HkkbZ osQ ikl fdruh xkfM+;k¡
gSa\ 10. muosQ fdrus HkkbZ&cgu gSa\ 11. mls Hk; D;ksa ugha gS\ 12. jke vkSj eksgu osQ ikl FkSyk D;ksa ugha
gS\ 13. muosQ fe=k osQ ikl fdruh xk; gS\A 14. rqEgkjh iq=kh osQ ikl f[kykSus D;ksa ugha gSa\ 15. mldks
vuqHko oSQls gS\

When people begin to criticise your work, understand you have taken first step to be
something but what you become depends on your attitude.
 9. Use of Had
^ Had * dk iz;ksx Hkwrdky osQ okD; esa fdlh O;fDr dk fdlh vU; oLrq ij vf/dkj (Possession)
vFkok LokfeRo (owner ship) dks n'kkZus osQ fy, gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ okD;ksa esa fdlh oLrq osQ ikl gksus
dk cks/ gksrk gSA Hkwrdky esa lHkh subjects osQ lkFk Had dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ysfdu izR;sd okD; esa ^ikl*
'kCn vk, ;g vfuok;Z ugha gSA tSlsμesjs nks HkkbZ FksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd 'Had' dk iz;ksx
okD;ksa esa Noun osQ ikl gksus ;k Noun osQ gksus osQ fy, gksrk gSA
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
esjs ikl dkj FkhA mlosQ ikl le; FkkA
I had a car. He had time.
rqEgkjs ikl iqLrd FkhA muosQ ikl dye FkhA
You had a book. They had pens.
gekjs ikl ,d oqQÙkk FkkA xhrk osQ ikl xqfM+;k¡ FkhaA
We had a dog. Geeta had a dolls.

EXERCISE NO. 1
1. esjs ikl le; FkkA 2. rqEgkjs ikl pwM+h FkhA 3. gekjs ikl ?kj FkkA 4. lfpu osQ ikl lkbfdy FkhA
5. mlosQ ikl fdrkc FkhA 6. vkiosQ ikl cgqr dkyk /u FkkA 7. mlosQ ikl oqQlhZ FkhA 8. jfo osQ ikl
Vh-oh- FkkA 9. ik#y osQ ikl ,d dherh gkj FkkA 10. eq>s cq[kkj FkkA 11. mldks Mj FkkA 12. jktq osQ ikl
,d oSQaph FkhA 13. laaxe osQ ikl ,d ubZ lkM+h FkhA 14. iIiw osQ ikl 10 xk,¡ FkhaA 15. lksuw dks Msaxw FkkA
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Note : Negative Sentences nks izdkj ls cuk, tk ldrs gSaA
Examples :
esjs ikl dye ugha FkhA rqEgkjs ikl nks fdrkcsa ugha FkhaA
I had not a pen. You had not two books.
Or Or
I did not have a pen. You did not have two books.
gekjs ikl nl lkfM+;k¡ ugha FkhaA jk/k dks Mj ugha FkkA
We had not ten sarees. Radha had no fear.
Or Or
We did not have ten sarees. Radha did not have fear.

(35)

tc yksx vkiosQ dk;ks± dh fuank djus yxsa rks bldk vFkZ gS fd vkius dqN cuus dh fn'kk esa igyk
dne j[k fy;k gS ijarq vki D;k curs gSa] ;g vkiosQ n`f"Vdks.k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
36 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

mls dksbZ fcekjh ugha FkhA jkgqy vkSj eksfgr osQ ikl ?kj ugha FkkA
He had no disease. Rahul and Mohit had not a house.
Or Or
He did not have disease. Rahul and Mohit did not have a house.

EXERCISE NO. 2
1. esjs ikl gkFkh ugha FkkA 2. mlosQ ikl ?kj ugha FkkA 3. rqEgkjs ikl oqQÙks ugha FksA 4. gekjs ikl xkM+h
ugha FkhA 5. mls cq[kkj ugha FkkA 6. jfo osQ ikl Vhú ohú ugha FkkA 7. mls Mj ugha FkkA 8. mlosQ ikl
diM+s ugha FksA 9. esjs ikl xk; ugha FkhA 10. jke vkSj jfo osQ ikl rkdr ugha FkhA 11. xfjek dks vuqHko
ugha FkkA 12. vkLFkk osQ ikl xgus ugha FksA 13. muosQ HkkbZ osQ ikl Kku ugha FkkA 14. iwue esa vkRe lEeku
ugha FkkA 15. rqEgkjs firk th dks larqf"V ugha FkhA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Interrogative Sentence nks izdkj ls cuk, tk ldrs gSaμ
Examples :
D;k gekjs ikl ?kj Fkk\
Had we a house ? / Did we have a house?
D;k jes'k osQ ikl iSls Fks\
Had Ramesh money ? / Did Ramesh have money ?
D;k esjs ikl Kku Fkk\
Had I knowledge ? / Did I have knowledge ?
D;k rqEgkjs ikl ?kM+h Fkh\
Had you a watch ? / Did you have a watch ?
D;k lksuw dk dksbZ fe=k Fkk\
Had Sonu any friends ? / Did Sonu have any friends ?
D;k mlosQ ikl nks oqQÙks Fks\
Had he two dogs ? / Did he have two dogs ?

EXERCISE NO. 3
1.D;k esjs ikl twrs Fks\ 2. D;k rqEgkjs ikl fdrkc Fkh\ 3. D;k vkiosQ ikl deht Fkh\ 4. D;k gekjs
ikl Hkkstu Fkk\ 5. D;k mlosQ ikl xkM+h Fkh\ 6. D;k jfo osQ ikl xk; Fkh\ 7. D;k rqEgkjs HkkbZ osQ ikl
cqf¼ Fkh\ 8. D;k mlosQ ikl le; Fkk\ 9. D;k lhrk osQ ikl lkM+h Fkh\ 10. D;k gekjs ikl dkj Fkh\
11. D;k lat; osQ ikl dksbZ caxyk Fkk\ 12. D;k ehuk dks lansg Fkk\ 13. D;k muosQ nknk th osQ ikl ”kehu
Fkh\ 14. D;k gekjs firk th dks vuqHko Fkk\ 15. D;k rqEgkjs nksLrksa esa fgEer Fkh\
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Examples :
D;k rqEgkjs ikl xk; ugha Fkh\ D;k gekjs ikl yky dye ugha Fkh\
Had you not any cows ? Had we no red pens ?
Or Or
Did you not have any cows ? Did we not have red pens ?

Failure inspires us to do more hard work.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR 37

D;k xksiky esa lkgl ugha Fkk\ D;k mlesa ?keaM ugha Fkk\
Had Gopal no guts ? Had he no arrogance ?
Or Or
Did Gopal not have guts ? Did he not have arrogance ?
D;k mlosQ ikl ,d vPNh dkj ugha Fkh\ D;k mldh lgsyh osQ ikl xgus ugha Fks\
Had he not a good car ? Had her friend no jewellery.
Or Or
Did he not have a good car ? Did her friend not have jewellery. ?

EXERCISE NO. 4
1. D;k mlosQ ikl nl fgj.k ugha Fks\ 2. D;k lhrk dk dksbZ HkkbZ ugha Fkk\ 3. D;k esjh iRuh osQ ikl
ubZ lkfM+;k¡ ugha Fkh\ 4. D;k jeu osQ ikl xkfM+;k ugha Fkh\ 5. D;k mlosQ iM+kslh osQ ikl ikyrq oqQÙkk ugha
Fkk\ 6. D;k mlosQ pkpk th osQ ikl dksbZ lk/u ugha Fkk\ 7. D;k gekjs ikl nwljk jkLrk ugha Fkk\ 8. D;k
dfork osQ ikl rkdr ugha Fkh\ 9. D;k rqEgkjs odhy osQ ikl dksbZ xokg ugha Fkk\ 10. D;k vè;kid osQ
ikl NM+h ugha Fkh\ 11. D;k fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ ikl /S;Z ugha Fkk\ 12. D;k usgk osQ ikl cqf¼ ugha Fkh\
13. D;k mlosQ ikl ikuh ugha Fkk\ 14. D;k nthZ osQ ikl e'khu ugha Fkh\ 15. D;k rqEgkjs HkkbZZ dks reht
ugha Fkh\
WH FAMILY WORDS
Examples :
jke osQ ikl fdruk /u gS\
How much money had Ram ? / How much money did Ram have ?
rqEgkjs ikl D;k Fkk\
What had you ? / What did you have ?
mlosQ ikl D;k ugha Fkk\
What had he not ? / What did he not have ?
gekjs ikl ?kj D;kssa ugha Fkk\
Why had we not a house ? / Why did we not have a house ?
muosQ ikl dc le; Fkk\
When had they time ? / When did they have time ?
mlosQ firk th dks lansg D;ksa Fkk\
Why had his father doubt ? / Why did his father have doubt ?

EXERCISE NO. 5
1. esjs ikl ?kj D;ksa ugha Fkk\ 2. esjs HkkbZ osQ ikl fdrus iSls Fks\ 3. veu osQ ikl vPNs diM+s D;ksa
ugha Fks\ 4. mlosQ ikl cqf¼ D;ksa ugha Fkh\ 5. jke osQ ikl fdruh ?kfM+;k¡ Fkha\ 6. gekjs ikl dkj D;ksa ugha
Fkh\ 7. rqEgkjs ikl fdruh fdrkcsa Fkha\ 8. rqEgkjh iq=kh osQ ikl f[kykSus D;ksa ugha Fks\ 9. mlosQ ikl lkgl
D;ksa ugha Fkk\ 10. lkfgy osQ ikl bruk /u oSQls Fkk\ 11. lquhrk osQ ikl bruk /S;Z oSQls Fkk\ 12. rqEgkjs
HkkbZ esa f'k"Vkpkj D;ksa ugha Fkk\ 13. esjs fe=kksa osQ ikl okgu D;ksa ugha Fkk\ 14. mlosQ ikl fdruk vuqHko
FkkA 15. jks'ku osQ ikl fdrus oaQI;wVj Fks\
vliQyrk gesa vkSj vf/d ifjJe djus osQ fy, izsfjr djrh gSA