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Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
criminal justice system. This occurs when a Criminal Investigation, in whatever stage, is
possible crime is observed by the police or are primarily REPRESSIVE. Meaning, it comes into
reported to its attention. action only when a crime occurs. Crime prevention
is the first line of defense, when it fails, criminal
2. Preliminary Investigation – the early of initial
investigation (the second line of defense) begins.
stage of the investigation immediately after the
Criminal investigation therefore is reactive, rather
occurrence of the crime. This is usually done by
than proactive.
first responders or patrol officers who take the
following primary responsibilities on site: However, if you are asked: Can criminal
i. Deal with emergencies first: investigation be possibly considered PREVENTIVE?
- Neutralize all threats
- Render aid to the injured ii. Cordon The answer is YES. By conducting thorough
investigation, the police can prevent the same
the crime scene
criminal from committing future crimes. In this very
iii. Record all information and disseminate to
limited sense, criminal investigation may be
available patrol units for possible hot pursuit
considered preventive.
iv. Wait for detectives
v. Make initial/spot report
-4-
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE FLOW OF ask
probing questions. He must do all of this while
INVESTIGATION: being able to retain information.
On top of this, he must prepare his report in a
well arranged case
folder.
The investigator also has the initial responsibility to recommend what offense to charge. He therefore must
have a thorough understanding of the penal laws of the land. He is also expected to be well versed on the
procedures for filing of complaint, application for Search Warrant, testimony in court, making of affidavits,
etc. In addition, he must be able to identify the evidentiary value of materials and information he comes
across in the course of his investigation. All of these require more than an average intellectual capability.
II. EMOTIONAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL – investigators often encounter cases which reveal the worst of human
nature: father raping their own daughters, children killing their own parents, neighbors stealing from their
own community, rapists who ravage and kill their own victims. Investigators who lack emotional and
psychological maturity will find themselves personally affected by the cases they
are handling. If things get too personal for an
3. When did it happen? Yes sir, I know the victim. He has no known
enemy in our barangay but he had an
4. Who are the persons involved?
altercation with a certain Jack Tattoo from
5. Why did it happen?
Marigondon because of a woman.
6. How was it committed?
7. Who is this woman? Ans. The girlfriend of
the victim sir, her name is Angel from
If after the above preliminary inquiries you have
Tacloban.
gathered that the crime involved death reportedly
committed in Basak, Lapulapu City, on Auguts 1,
Based on the following questions as framed by the
2013 at 10:00PM resulting to the death of one Mr.
investigator, several unknown facts were revealed:
Juan dela Cruz who bore a single gunshot wound first, there was an eyewitness named Mario Ortiz;
in the head from a .45 pistol, a bullet & a spent secondly, victim had an earlier altercation with a
certain Jack Tatoo from Marigondon because of
shell from .45 was recovered from the scene and possible love triangle with Angel from Tacloban;
sent to the laboratory, at the time of the third, the shooter rode a Yellow Honda XRM
motorcycle; fourth, the suspect fled towards
commission, it initially appears that no one saw
Marigondon; and finally, what if ballistic tests
the actual shooting. shows that the .45 pistol used belonged to a
certain Jack Tattoo? Would you consider this
coincidence important? You now have several leads
You must frame your questions from the above
KNOWN facts. Your purpose in interviewing is to
-7-
(information that can further advance the where the body was found are secondary crime
investigation). You must follow these leads until scenes.
the identity of the accused is established beyond
reasonable doubt. Otherwise, you will face a blank What if instead of dumping B’s body in the Smokey
wall. Mountain, A made it appear as if B committed
suicide inside the car and falsified a suicide letter?
(For interrogation, see discussions below in pages That is called Pseudo (False) Crime Scene.
11, 12 & 13)
Please take note that all crime scenes must be
Note: Ideal investigators are naturally inquisitive processed, whether primary, secondary or pseudo.
and suspicious (without showing it to the subject). However, it must be stressed that importance must
As the he becomes more seasoned, framing be given to locating the primary crime scene.
questions that elicits the most information from
the source becomes almost automatic by
experience. That is why investigation is considered Processing the Crime Scene:
both a SCIENCE and an ART.
Crime scene operatives must first conduct a
thorough walk-through around the outermost
B. Places – places as a source of information boundaries of the crime scene. He must make an
generally refers to the SCENE OF THE CRIME initial determination of the entry point, exit point
(locus criminis). It is important for the and contact points, determine the size of the scene
investigators to locate the true crime scene and extent of evidence distribution, and plan the
because it contains the highest concentration of appropriate search pattern to use for that
physical evidence and possible witnesses of its particular crime scene.
commission.
Entry point is that part of the scene where the
Crime scenes may be: suspect gained access inside a room, house or a
1. Primary Crime Scene – the place where the building. Exit point, on the other hand, refers to
crime was committed that part of the scene where he left, took flight or
2. Secondary Crime Scene – the place where the escaped. Contact points are those part of the crime
crime was continued scene where the suspects’ body, clothing’s or tools
have disturbed, touched, made contact with, or
3. Pseudo Crime Scene – a crime scene staged to
stepped into. Contact points may contain the
mislead, cover-up, or conceal what really
suspects DNA, fingerprints, shoeprints, etc.
happened
compartment of a blue Toyota Vios and dumped and dangerous may still be lurking around
the body in Smokey Mountain where it was later and could present a serious threat or harm
contempt and hostility which could possibly However, the basic search pattern’s remains the
result to violence and altercations; same. As the investigator becomes seasoned by
3. Evidence found at the crime scene may be experience, selecting the most appropriate search
fragile and susceptible to destruction or pattern becomes almost automatic by mere
cross-contamination before they can be INTUITION or GUT-FEEL (kutob). That is another
properly identified, photographed, packed reason why investigation is considered both a
and recorded, resulting to needless SCIENCE and an ART.
destruction of vital evidence;
4. Crime scenes may contain chemicals, Different Search Patters:
Search Procedure Advantage Dis-
viruses, or bacterial pathogens that may be
Pattern advantage
harmful to humans, thus investigators
must have access to protective clothings, Lane or 1. In 1. Takes a 1. Less
Strip case of short time thorough.
surgical masks, gloves, CBRN suits, and the to complete
likes; multiple 2. Vital
searchers, evidence
5. Un-exploded bombs or ordnance may be
each may be
found in the crime scene which may be
searchers overlooked
triggered when inadvertently disturbed;
align in in the
6. Difficult terrains may present natural or
straight search.
man-made hazards to field investigators
paths and
such as landslides, flooding, collapse of
combs the
building, electrocution, etc.
scene by
making
y 2. Allows outside
searchers to and
concen- ends in
around inside, it
nd a focal is called
evidence is Wheel. If
(such as
the body of inside
the victim). and ends
in the
outside
it is
it
called
he
Outer
ds
Wheel.
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION – POWER OF THE STATE TO TRY AND PUNISH A PERSON FOR A VIOLATION OF
ITS PENAL LAWS
Crime scene documentation refers to the recording 1. Photographing the crime scene
of all available information surrounding a crime
scene and all activities which occurred therein. Photographing the crime scene requires shots to be
This is done by: taken from the following distances:
1. Photography i. Long range – showing the scene with a
2. Video and voice recording (First allowed in prominent landmark at the background to
the United States and other foreign indicate its general location. Long range
countries. With the advent of CCTV photographs must be taken in four (4)
cameras, Philippine courts now allow the different ANGLES: front, right side, back
introduction of videos as evidence. The voice and left side if the photographers moves in
recording mentioned here refers to the voice a clockwise fashion; or front, left side, back
recording made by the investigator in order and right side if the photographer moves in
to aid his memory, in case writing is not a counterclockwise fashion.
possible)
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION – POWER OF THE STATE TO TRY AND PUNISH A PERSON FOR A VIOLATION OF
ITS PENAL LAWS
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CRIMINAL JURISDICTION – POWER OF THE STATE TO TRY AND PUNISH A PERSON FOR A VIOLATION OF
ITS PENAL LAWS
a truck driver of Mexican descent who does not discovered it anyway, even in the absence
speak English and doesn’t know how to read or Techniqueof the confession, the accused could still
write because he did not even finished grade be convicted.
school. When presented in a police-lineup, the 1.
woman “positively identified” Miranda as the use/Approaches in Interrogation
culprit. During extensive interrogation, Miranda
was made to sign a paper without the assistance Bad cop/good cop technique – a.k.a. Mutt
of counsel which turned out to be a confession & Jeff, Hot & Cold. In this approach, one
written in fluent English. On the basis of the cop plays tough and intimidating while the
signed confession, however, he was convicted by 2. other plays soft and accommodating. The
the trial court. objective of the bad cough is to lead the
suspect to cooperate with the good cop.
Issue: Whether or not the conviction is proper. Sympathetic approach – best used for
sensitive suspects who commit crimes
Ruling of the US Supreme Court: The conviction because of fits of jealousy or emotions.
is erroneous and violates the Due Process clause The questioning here usually starts with “I
of the American Constitution. Every person understand how you felt”, “If I were on
3.
accused of a crime has the right to be informed your situation, I would probably do the
his right to remain silent; that what he says or do same thing”.
may be used against him in a court of law; he Reflective Interview Technique (Mirror
has the right to counsel, preferably of his own technique) – in this approach, the
choice; and if he cannot afford, one will be investigator presents a psychological
provided to him for free. An accused who is not mirror to the suspect and reverse the
properly appraised of these rights can lawfully situation by making him understand the
contest the validity of any signed confession or feelings of the victim. The questioning
statements, which, by virtue of the coercive here are usually framed in this manner:
pressure exerted by veteran interrogators, he is “How would you feel if it was your own
too intimidated or powerless to resist. child that was killed?”, “The victims’ body
4.
is yet to be found, don’t youn think the
Exceptions to the Miranda Rights: victim deserves a proper Christian
1. When the accused freely and voluntarily burial?”, etc.
waived this right; Cognitive interview technique – in this
approach, the interrogator carefully
2. Volunteered information – when the accused, examines the body-language of the
without waiving this right and without the suspect in relation to his answers in order
5.
for the investigator to determine whether
police initiating the questioning, nevertheless
or not the suspect is lying, evasive or
volunteered information which contributed to deceptive. Intellectual approach - in this
his conviction; method of interrogation, the questioning is
characterized with frankness and matter-
3. When the conviction is partly based on offact accusations. The suspect is
available evidence other than the confronted with hard, undisputed facts
and encouraged to weight the advantages
confession of the accused; and
of cooperating rather than not-
4. Inevitable discovery rule – when the cooperating.
information furnished by the accused is of
such nature that the police would have
- 13 -
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION – POWER OF THE STATE TO TRY AND PUNISH A PERSON FOR A VIOLATION OF
ITS PENAL LAWS
6. Mixed approach – the combination of any or all of Applies to cooperative Applies to suspects and the
above techniques. witnesses hostile witnesses
3. Jack, I have information that on the night of mischief – matters that are usually covered during
August 1, 2013, you went to Basak and basic police training and are thus considered
shot Juan dela Cruz. I also had information within the capability of each policeman to solve.
from Tacloban. The victim died from a .45 “SPECIAL” because the complex nature of the
Cal. Pistol registered in your name. offense require additional qualifications and highly
Witnesses saw the culprit ride a yellow specialized training – matters that are encountered
Honda XRM motorcycle. If I were you, I following are areas of Special Crime Investigation:
Does not require Miranda warning is considered by the PNP as Special Crime
(uncooperative), no 3. Rape
Miranda required. 4. Kidnapping
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION – POWER OF THE STATE TO TRY AND PUNISH A PERSON FOR A VIOLATION OF
ITS PENAL LAWS
- 14 -
napping criminal cases involves several progress reports
mb threats and explosions which the lead investigator collates alongside the
al recruitment initial report and other documents; and
orist activities 3. Final or Closing report – contains a summary of
all the findings, reports, documents and affidavits
pic on Special Crimes Investigation in and well as the recommendations of the lead
e Settings will be covered in another investigator. Unlike progress reports, there can
Prof. Negro). only be one final report.
content, especially in case of handwritten reports. Criminalistics. He authored the first treatise on
This is important, as handling officers may be Scientific Criminal Investigation.
assigned in different jurisdiction, retires, or may - 15 -
become unavailable, so that other officers who a) Dr. Mathieu Orfilla
assume the investigation must be able to continue b) Dr. Rafael Genard Y Mas
the work of the previous investigator. c) Dr. Henry Faulds
d) Dr. Hanz Gross
e) Dr. Cesare Lombroso
- 17 -
a) Crime scene a) Strip
b) Office room b) Double strip
c) Household c) Wheel or pie
d) Street corner d) Spiral
e) Church e) Grid or zone
Q. The exact place where a crime principally took Q. Search pattern most suitable for processing
place, regardless if it was continued elsewhere. large areas with different terrains or multi-storey
a) Inner perimeter buildings.
b) Outer perimeter a) Strip
c) Primary crime scene b) Double strip
d) Secondary crime scene c) Wheel or pie
e) Police Interns Office d) Spiral
e) Grid or zone
Q. Place subsequent to the commission of the main
offense where the effects, proceeds of the crime or Q. This search is more thorough than a single strip
corpus dilicti was continued, transferred or but it takes longer to complete and some evidence
disposed of. found during the second pass may actually be left
a) Inner perimeter behind during the first search.
b) Outer perimeter a) Strip
c) Primary crime scene b) Double strip
d) Secondary crime scene c) Wheel or pie
e) Police Interns Office d) Spiral
e) Grid or zone
Q. Identify which among the following qualifies as
the most urgent task of the first responders. Q. In a traffic accident, where will you begin your
a) neutralize any threat search? (Oct., 2011)
b) cordon the scene a) Faulty driver
c) render aid to the injured b) Street
d) identify witnesses c) Point of impact
e) locate important objects d) Disengagement
e) Passenger
Q. After all threats have been dealt with, the most
important task is: Q. In a fire investigation, which among the
a) neutralize any threat following burn indicators will you focus your
b) cordon the scene search in? (Oct., 2011)
c) render aid to the injured a) Origin of fire
d) identify witnesses b) Alligatoring
e) locate important objects c) Witnesses
d) Spalling
Q. This type of search focuses on a focal point e) Fire direction
where most of the crucial evidence are
concentrated and spreads outward on a circular
pattern. Q. Which among the following crime scenes require
a search warrant?
- 18 -
a) Hot scene e) Any of the above
b) Warm scene
c) Cold scene Q. Objects imbedded on walls and ceilings are best
d) All of these illustrated and measured using:
e) None of these a) Straight baseline method
b) Diagonal baseline method
Q. The requirements for issuance of a valid Search c) Triangulation method
warrant does not include: d) Cross-projection method
a) Probable cause e) Any of the above
b) Personally examined by the fiscal in the form of
searching questions & answers Q. Presents the general view of a place where a
c) Based on personal knowledge of complainant or crime took place, indicating its location by
any witnesses including dominant features of the surroundings
d) In connection with one particular offense such as tall buildings, monuments, bridges or
e) Particularly describing the place to be searched or parks.
the persons or things to be seized a) Long-range photograph
b) Mid-range photograph
Q. A search warrant issued by Judge Paredes to c) Close-range photograph
CIDG on February 10, 2011 is valid up to? d) Macrophotography
a) February 20, 2011 e) Microphotography
b) February 21, 2011
c) February 22, 2011 Q. The taking of photographs up-close, usually
d) February 23, 2011 with a ruler or measuring device, to indicate exact
e) Valid until revoked size.
a) Long-range photograph
Q. Part of field notes that graphically record the b) Mid-range photograph
scene and the important evidence within it by c) Close-range photograph
describing each objects or documents, indicating d) Macrophotography
the relative position of one object from another, e) Microphotography
including their distances and measurements.
a) Rough sketch Q. Investigation that is carried out long after the
b) Final sketch crime was committed but before the expiration of
c) Photographs the statutory period for extinction.
d) Videos a) Hot case investigation
e) Audios b) Warm case investigation
c) Cold case investigation
Q. Outdoor crime scenes with at least two d) Investigation in aid of legislation
landmark points of coordinates can be better e) Kangaroo court investigation
drawn by measuring the distance of objects from
the landmark and its angles. Q. Investigative technique of employing covert ways
a) Straight baseline method and means in order to catch a criminal in the act.
b) Diagonal baseline method a) White-wash
c) Triangulation method b) Frame up
d) Cross-projection method c) Entrapment
- 19 -
d) Instigation a) Modus operandi
e) All of these b) Associative evidence
c) Trace evidence
Q. Unethical investigative practice wherein a crime d) Trophy
committed by another is made to appear to have e) Souvenir
been committed by an innocent person.
a) White-wash Q. When several sexual assaults are committed on
b) Frame-up different occasions at different places by an
c) Entrapment unknown person exhibiting a single modus
d) Instigation operandi.
e) All of these a) Serial rapist
b) Mass rapist
Q. Unprofessional investigative practice wherein a c) Genocide
crime actually committed is concealed, whitewashed d) Continuing crime
or hidden by officially denying that a violation of the e) Assassin
law was committed.
a) Cover-up Q. When more than four persons are feloniously
b) Frame-up and intentionally killed on a single place and time.
c) Entrapment a) Serial killing
d) Instigation b) Mass murder
e) All of these c) Genocide
d) Multiple offense
Q. Any object, thing, document, information or e) Assassin
clue that points to the identity of the perpetrator:
a) Lead Q. The deliberate, systematic and sustained
b) Tip elimination, obliteration or destruction of an entire
c) Intuition tribe, religious or ethnic group, with a view of
d) Personal identification permanently removing them from the face of the
e) Sketch Earth.
a) Serial killing
Q. The uncanny ability of a seasoned investigator b) Mass murder
to identify leads, recognize evidence and locate c) Genocide
witnesses. This can only be developed through d) Continuing offense
experience and is usually cited as the reason why e) Assassin
investigation is also an art.
a) Lead Q. ___________ is a professional paid to liquidate a
b) Tip specific target. This term has its roots on the word
c) Intuition “hashish” which is given as a reward to hired
d) Personal identification killers in the Middle East during the medieval
e) Sketch periods.
a) Serial killing
Q. Man is essentially a creature of habit. This b) Mass murder
means that a successful criminal will commit c) Multiple crime
future crimes in a more or less identical manner.
d) Continuing offense
- 20 -
e) Assasin withdrawal slips, etc. that leaves a clue to the
movement and location of a known suspect.
Q. When two objects come into contact with one a) Modus operandi
another, they will leave traces of each other. There b) Associative evidence
is a cross-transference or mutual-exchange of c) Tracing evidence
information resulting to “trace” and “associative” d) Trophy
evidence. e) Souvenir
a) Bogart’s principle of criminalistics
b) Locard’s exchange principle Q. Part of the victim that is kept by the offender as
c) Goddard’s ballistic principle a memento such as pubic hairs, ears, fingers, etc.
d) Salazar’s fingering principle a) Modus operandi
e) Gross’ principle of forensics b) Associative evidence
c) Trace evidence
Q. Evidence found on the crime scene that places d) Trophy
the suspect in the scene such as fingerprints, hairs e) Souvenir
or fibers.
a) Modus operandi Q. A thing, object or anything that is taken from
b) Associative evidence the scene by the criminal as a remembrance, such
c) Tracing evidence as photographs, keys, stickers, bras, panties, etc.
d) Trophy a) Modus operandi
e) Souvenir b) Associative evidence
c) Trace evidence
Q. Articles or matters found at the scene which aid d) Trophy
in the establishment of the identity of the e) Souvenir
perpetrator.
a) Modus operandi Q. Simply means continuity of possession. It
b) Associative evidence implies that the evidence presented in court are
c) Tracing evidence the same evidence taken from the crime scene and
d) Trophy any changes that may occur from the time the
e) Souvenir evidence is recovered up to the time it is presented
can be sufficiently explained.
Q. Evidence found on the person of the suspect a) chain of command
that places him at the scene of the crime such as b) chain of custody
bite-marks, defensive wounds, fruits of the crime, c) evidence tracking
etc. d) tracing evidence
a) Modus operandi e) preservation of evidence
b) Associative evidence
c) Tracing evidence Q. _____________ also refers to the number of
d) Trophy persons who handled the evidence between the
e) Souvenir discovery of the offense up to the disposition of the
case in court.
Q. Evidence such as plane tickets, hotel check-in a) chain of command
details, restaurant bills, phone call records, ATM
b) chain of custody
c) evidence tracking
- 21 -
d) tracing evidence Q. According to Swanson, Chamelin & Territo, the
e) preservation of evidence greatest problem with mistaken identity is
____________.
Q. A moving force which impels a person to act: a) Miscarriage of justice
a) Modus operandi b) Wasted police time
b) Motive c) Bad publicity
c) Intent d) Ineffective policing
d) Desire e) None of these
e) Opportunity
Q. This requires strict compliance of legal
Q. _________________ is the casual, cooperative and requirements. In this situation, the person subject
friendly inquiry involving a person who may have to questioning is either a suspect or a hostile
information regarding the commission of a specific witness.
crime under investigation. a) Interview
a) Interview b) Interrogation
b) Interrogation c) Torture
c) Torture d) Polygraph
d) Polygraph e) Confession
e) Confession
Q. Why is it important to distinguish between an
Q. A person who furnishes information based on interview and an interrogation?
personal knowledge during interview is a source of a) Numerous legal requirements apply in
what type of evidence? interrogations but not in interviews
a) Object evidence b) There is no difference
b) Documentary evidence c) Interviews are intended to elicit confessions
c) Testimonial evidence d) Interrogations result in convictions
d) Hearsay evidence e) I don’t care
e) Confession
Q. The purpose of Interrogation are the following,
Q. If you are a police investigator, which among the except:
following individuals should you consider best for a) To test information already obtained
interview? b) To secure a confession
a) One who was present at the crime scene, but c) To confront the suspect with the truth
inattentive d) To exclude the guilty
b) One who was present and attentive at the crime e) None of these
scene
c) One who was present at the crime scene, but had Q. One of the following is not a scientific approach
been intoxicated. to interrogation:
d) One who was attentive to what was happening a) Sympathetic approach
e) One who is willing to be manipulated by the b) Cognitive interview technique
police c) Logical approach
d) Water boarding
e) Reflective interview technique
- 22 -
Q. In this form of tactical interrogation, two police c) Judicial admission
investigators form a tandem; one of them is d) Extrajudicial confession
friendly towards the suspect while the other is e) Admission
hostile.
a) Mutt and Jeff Q. Field notes must be an exact and correct
b) Hot and Cold representation of facts obtained in the course of
c) Good-cop, Bad-cop the investigation.
d) All of these a) Complete
e) None of these b) Accurate
c) Timely
Q. The right of a person suspected to have d) Unadulterated
committed an offense to be informed of his right to e) Legible
remain silent and be assisted by counsel preferably
of his own choice. Q. Note and record all available information,
a) Right to bail particularly the basic 5 W’s and 1 H of report
b) Right to presumption of innocence writing.
c) Miranda right a) Completeness
d) Right to confront witnesses b) Accuracy
e) Freedom from unreasonable search or seizure c) Timeliness
d) Faithfulness
Q. The warnings in Miranda v. Arizona does not e) Legibility
include the suspects’ right to:
a) Confess to the crime voluntarily in the presence of Q. As a general rule, a person may only be arrested
counsel with a warrant. Which among the following
b) Be warned that anything he says or do may be used instances permits the arrest of a suspect even in
against him in a court of law the absence of judicial warrant?
c) Have a competent counsel de parte or ex officio a) Hot pursuit
d) Be informed of his right to remain silent b) Inflagrante delicto
e) None of the above c) Fugitives from justice
d) All of these
Q. An acknowledgment of fact, falling short of an e) None of these
acknowledgment of guilt, made by the suspect in
the course of an investigation. Q. The general investigative sequence in case
a) Judicial confession warrantless arrests are no longer proper is:
b) Extrajudicial admission 1. Proceed to the area where a reported offense
c) Judicial admission allegedly took place
d) Extrajudicial confession 2. Make a preliminary determination if a crime
e) Admission has been committed
3. Deal with any emergencies first
Q. An acknowledgment of all the material facts of a 4. Process the scene, take photographs, record
particular crime, including the guilt, made by the all activities
suspect in the course of trial. 5. Release the scene
a) Judicial confession 6. Identify & Interview witnesses
b) Extrajudicial admission 7. Interrogate suspects & uncooperative
witnesses
- 23 -
8. Submit the case folder containing your findings a) Police line-up
to the prosecutor b) Rouges gallery
9. Wait for the issuance of the warrant of arrest c) Order of battle report
a) Steps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 is correct d) Personal status report
b) Steps 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 8 & 9 is correct e) Crime album
c) Steps 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 4, 5, 8 & 9 is correct
d) Any steps could be followed Q. The current practice of presenting a “Rogue’s
Gallery” to the victim for identification purposes
Q. According to Bennet & Hess, the most has its origins in:
successful investigations are systematic, thorough a) Mulberry street morning parade
and takes time. This helps ensure an airtight case b) Sketching
that does not result to waste of time, money and c) Medieval firing squad
effort. On the other hand, “instantaneous” d) Portrait parle
investigations are haphazard, unprofessional and e) Inquisition
results to wrongful prosecution of innocent
persons. Q. Police line-up can be traced back to:
a) Agree a) Mulberry street morning parade
b) Disagree b) Sketch
c) Partly agree c) Medieval firing squad
d) Partly disagree d) Portrait parle
e) None of these e) Inquisition
Q. The process of documenting in a systematic and Q. A valid positive identification in a police line-up
logical manner all evidence collected during the requires:
investigation and submit it before the public a) More than two suspects
prosecutor for evaluation. b) Not suggestive as to guilt
a) case preparation c) Not suggestive as to identity
b) order maintenance d) All of these
c) crime prevention e) a & c only
d) public service
e) journalism Q. Doctrinal rule which states that evidence
illegally obtained in the course of the police
Q. A pictorial collection of past offenders known to investigation cannot be admitted during trial.
the police & presented to an eye-witness for a) Fruit of the poisonous tree
examination. They are usually indexed, catalogued b) Irrelevant evidence
and recorded according to sex, type of crimes, c) Immaterial evidence
modus operandi and place of commission. d) Inadmissible evidence
a) Police line-up e) Hearsay evidence
b) Rouges gallery
c) Order of battle report Q. The world’s first conviction using DNA evidence
d) Personal status report was obtained in England through:
e) Crime album a) William West & Will West case
b) Colin Pitchfork case
Q. Mug shots are also known as: c) Terry v. Ohio case
- 24
- d) Frank Daubert case
e) In Re: Gault case
Q. The case that proved that Dactyloscopy is a far
superior tool for identification and individualization
than Anthopometry:
a) William West & Will West case
b) Colin Pitchfork case
c) Terry v. Ohio case
d) Frank Daubert case
e) In Re: Gault case
REFERENCES: