OSI Model – Cheatsheet (ATech)

What is OSI Model ???

“OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection) is a standardised Reference
Framework for conceptualising data communications between networks” PDU’s in OSI Model
Every Layer has a different name for PDU’s (as in this pic). They are called:

OSI Model Layers & their Functions Bits on Physical Layer,

Frames on Data Link Layer,
Packets on Network Layer,
Segments on Transport Layer,
Data on all Application Layer.

*Note
The seven layers of OSI Model are generally divided into two groups.

Layer1-4 are called Media

Layers or Lower Layers
Encapsulation: “Preparing & passing the data by any Upper
layer to the layer below it, is called Encapsulation” Layer5-7 are called Upper
(Means, going from the application layer all the way down to the physical layer) Layers or Host Layers

Decapsulation: “Decoding data while going Upwards from the

physical layer till application layer is called decapsulation”
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

Protocols at each OSI Layers All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Devices at each OSI Layers

Transport Layer Ports Important Ports on Transport Layer

Category Range Comments

Well Used by system
Known 0 - 1023 processes
Ports e.g. FTP(21)

For specific
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