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kaktus circuits
2014/07/13 About Me

Jakub Polonský
Reverse polarity and overvoltage protection View my complete profile
Circuits that are connected to outside world should be reasonably protected. Who
knows when somebody just plugs in a different power adaptor (of course with twice the Search This Blog
voltage and polarity in reverse). So how to account for this?
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Protection circuits

Reverse polarity
The work kaktus circuits, except
You can use a diode in series and zener diode (or better – a transient voltage suppressor)
software parts, whose author is
in parallel in combination with a fuse. But you can do it better. First, the diode in Jakub Polonský, is licensed by
series can be replaced by P‐channel MOSFET (Q1). Drain connected to input and source Creative Commons Attribution‐
to output. Gate is connected to ground. The transistor appears to be reversed and it is. ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY‐
But on purpose. Suppose the voltage is reversed. Then, gate is on V+ so the transistor is SA 4.0).
closed. Its intrinsic diode is reverse biased so no current flows.  All software parts are licensed by
During normal operation, the current flows through its intrinsic diode but the gate, GNU General Public License version
being grounded, has also lower voltage than the source so the transistor conducts in 3 (GPLv3).
active mode. It is fully open and its resistance is the Rds(on) value. Which can be very
low. In this way, the diode drop is eliminated and energy loss on transistor is negligible. Blog Archive
If you need to protect against voltages that are larger than the gate‐source breakdown
voltage (Vgs), then a voltage‐limiting zener diode (D1) and a current‐limiting resistor ►  2017 (4)
(R1) have to be added to the gate. ►  2016 (5)
►  2015 (7)
Overvoltage
▼  2014 (11)
It is possible to automatically disconnect a circuit when the input voltage exceeds a
predefined level. This is different from parallel transient voltage suppressor and fuse. ►  August (1)
Blow fuses have the obvious problem of being a one‐time devices. PTC resettable fuses ▼  July (2)
tend to be slow and they can conduct significant amount of current even in tripped MightyWatt revison 2: Now 50%
state (to stay tripped, the fuse needs to maintain itself hot). You can use electronic mightier!
fuses for overcurrent conditons though. Reverse polarity and
With just two P‐MOSFETs and a few components, it is possible to automatically limit the overvoltage protection
input voltage. The principle is this: A zener diode (D2) is chosen with value slightly
►  June (1)
lower than the maximum allowed voltage on the output. Then, when the voltage is
higher than the zener voltage, D2 starts conducting and voltage drops across resistor R2. ►  May (1)
This lowers the voltage on the gate of Q2, which will open, raising the voltage drop ►  April (1)
across R4. The gate of Q3 sees higher voltage and Q3 thus closes, disconnecting the
►  March (1)
protected circuit from excess voltage. All without tripping any fuses or causing
►  February (4)
excessive current flow. Neat! Because you can get P‐MOSFET with very low Rds(on), the
losses can be minimal.
Resistor R3 and two zeners, D3 and D4, are there for gate protection just like D1 and
R1. 

Posted by Jakub Polonský at 19:28

9 comments:

Werner Scharnhorst 6 Feb 2015, 12:56:00

Where can i buy the PCB only

Reply

Replies
 Jakub Polonský 6 Feb 2015, 13:30:00

Well, if you mean PCB for overvoltage and reverse polarity protection,
then you can't buy it because there isn't one. It is rather a generic
solution that can be implemented in any project that uses DC power. It is
meant to be put on the same PCB as the rest of the project (or its power
supply part).

Reply

Werner Scharnhorst 9 Feb 2015, 12:22:00

Is there a materiallist for this?

Reply

Replies

Jakub Polonský 9 Feb 2015, 12:45:00

It depends on the values you need. Both voltage and current. Email me
at jpolonsky@gmail.com and we can discuss it!

Reply

Unknown 25 Mar 2015, 12:33:00

Can you provide some insight for the material list, if i want to have protection upto
32V and 3A with reverse voltage protection?

Reply

Replies

Jakub Polonský 25 Mar 2015, 12:58:00

In Farnell.com codes, Q1 and Q3: 1869904. You might get away without
heatsink. Q2 can be 2432722.

Zener D2 can be either 30 or 33 V. Any power rating will do.

And I'd go with 12 or 15 V Zener for D1, D3 and D4. Again, a small one will
do.
 Unknown 25 Mar 2015, 13:50:00

Thank you for the reply. Have you test it in your simulation? Cause I have
to put it in the field. I doubt about the power rating for the Q2.

Jakub Polonský 25 Mar 2015, 13:59:00

There will be little current going through Q2, only enough to drop
sufficient voltage across R4 to close the gate of Q3. The current path for
the protected circuit is through the other two FETs.

I have tested the circuit on breadboard, though not with these transistors
(because I needed lower voltage). I don't remember doing a simulation on
computer but it should be fairly easy to put this circuit to SPICE program
like TINA‐TI.

Reply

Horacio Ricardo Drut 23 Jul 2017, 05:17:00

Genial !!

Reply

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