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Types of well
1) Vertical
Types of boreholes
According to Casing operation
Cased holes
Wireline has developed instruments that can take
formation measurements without interference from the
casing and cement
the equipment needed for wireline logging consists of the
following:-
Up-hole instruments :- (Logging Unit and Rig)
A logging unit :- and an instrument for taking
measurements. For land rigs, the unit is mounted on a
truck
The unit has a winch and an electrical wireline cable
Open holes
Open hole logs to determine:
-Thickness (h) : measured by tool depth
-Porosity (F) : measured by porosity/density tools
-Saturation (Sw) : computed from a combination of
porosity, density/lithology & resistivity tool.
-Calibrations
-Repeat sections
-Trends and Marker beds
-Offset well comparison
Resistivities:
Rt - Resistivity of the formation in the virgin zone, ohm-
m
Rxo - Resistivity of the flushed zone, ohm-m
Rm - Resistivity of the mud, ohm-m
Rmc - Resistivity of the mudcake, ohm-m
Rw - Resistivity of 100% formation water, ohm-m
Rmf - Resistivity of 100% mud filtrate , ohm-m
Saturations:
Sxo -Mud filtrate saturation in the flushed zone, %
Sw - Water saturation in the virgin zone, fraction of pore
volume in, %
Diameters:
dh - Diameter of the hole, m
di - Diameter of the flushed zone, m
Dri - Diameter of the flushed and transition zones
together, m
Thicknesses:
h -Height of the bed being logged , m
hmc - Thickness of the mudcake, m
Well logging tools
. Mechanical tools Caliper log
• Lithology tools Spontaneous potential log
Gamma Ray log
• Resistivity tools MSFL LLS LLD