SOLUTION TO SINUSOIDAL RESPONSE EQUATION

𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝑐𝑥̇ + 𝑘𝑥 = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥)

𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝑐𝑥̇ + 𝑘𝑥 = 𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

𝑥 = 𝐴𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

𝑥̇ = 𝑖𝜔𝐴𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

𝑥̈ = −𝜔2 𝐴𝐹𝑒𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

−𝑚𝜔2 𝐴𝐹𝑒𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥) + 𝑖𝑐𝜔𝐴𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥) + 𝑘𝐴𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥) = 𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

𝐴𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥) [(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 ) + 𝑖𝑐𝜔] = 𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥)

1
𝐴=
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 ) + 𝑖𝑐𝜔
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 ) − 𝑖𝑐𝜔
𝐴=
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2
𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 𝑐𝜔
𝐴=( )−𝑖( )
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2

𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 𝑐𝜔
𝑥 = 𝐹𝑒 𝑖(𝜔𝑡−𝑘𝑥) {( 2 2 2 )−𝑖( )}
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 ) + (𝑐𝜔) (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2

𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 𝑐𝜔
𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥)) {( 2 2 2 )−𝑖( )}
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 ) + (𝑐𝜔) (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 )𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) + (𝑐𝜔)𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 )𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) − (𝑐𝜔)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥)
𝑥 = 𝐹 {( 2 2 2
)−𝑖( )}
(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 ) + (𝑐𝜔) (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2

Taking only the real part of the solution

Taking 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼) as (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 )

And 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼) as 𝑐𝜔

Then 𝐵 = [(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 ]0.5

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼) 𝑐𝜔
And 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼) = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼) 𝑘−𝑚𝜔2

𝐹cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥 − 𝛼)
𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙) =
[(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 ]0.5

𝐹
Amplitude 𝑥0 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙) = [(𝑘−𝑚𝜔2 )2
+(𝑐𝜔)2 ]0.5