Term Paper

Of
Managerial
Economics
“Punjab a no.1 state”
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr. Chandrashekhar dogra Sandeep Verma

RR1901B31
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The real spirit of achieving is through the way of excellence of austere
discipline, without which I would never have succeeded in finishing it without
the co-operation, encouragement and help provided to me by various
personalities. With this deep felt consent and pleasure, I would like to express
my heartfelt gratitude to all those who helped me in preparation of this term
paper.
It gives me immense pleasure in expressing my deepest and sincerest
gratitude towards my project guide by CHANDRASHEKAR DOGRA SIR

(lect of managerial economics) and for their considerate help, inspiring

guidance throughout this work.
I shall be failing in my duty if I do not thank all the other Quality Personals
and other lect. for source of constant encouragement and co-operation,
throughout my project.
I would be defying if I do not mention my constant source of inspiration
and vitality, that is, my parents who invested their present for my future and
for their co-operation, support & encouragement without which I could not
have seen the light of the day.
Introduction

A historical region of the northwest Indian subcontinent

bounded by the Indus and Yamuna rivers. It was a center of the
prehistoric Indus Valley civilization and after c. 1500 B.C. the site of
early Aryan settlements. Muslims occupied the western part of the
region by the 8th century, introducing Islam, and although they later
conquered the eastern part, Hinduism remained entrenched there.
The Moguls brought the region to cultural eminence until their empire
declined in the 18th century. The Punjab was controlled by Sikhs
from 1799 to 1849, when it was annexed by Great Britain. It was
partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947.
WORD HISTORY Punjab, a region of the northwest Indian
subcontinent bounded by the Indus River in the west and the Yamuna
in the east, comes through Hindi from Persian panj-āb, "five rivers,"
referring to tributaries of the Indus. Persian panj is closely related to
Hindi pañc, pronounced (pŭnch), "five," the source of our punch, a
drink that originally contained five ingredients. The Persian and Hindi
words are descended from Indo-European *penkwe, which appears in
Greek as pente, as in pentagon, and in English as five. The āb in
panj-āb comes from the Indo-European root *ap-, "water, river," and
is also found in our word julep, which comes ultimately from Persian
gulāb, "rose water."
northwestern India. Bordered by Pakistan and the states of Jammu
and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan, it
occupies an area of 19,445 sq mi (50,362 sq km). The city of
Chandigarh is the joint administrative capital of Punjab and Haryana.
In the 18th century the Sikhs built a powerful kingdom in the Punjab
region, which came under British rule in 1849. In 1947 the area was
split between the new countries of India and Pakistan, the smaller
eastern portion going to India. It is the only Indian state with a
majority of Sikhs. Hindus make up about one-third of the population,
and there are smaller minorities of Christians, Jains, and Muslims.
The economy is based on agriculture and small- and medium-scale
industry.
• History

The region, situated athwart the main approaches to the Indian

subcontinent, formed one of the centers of the prehistoric Indus valley
civilization, and after c.1500 B.C. it was the site of the earliest Aryan
settlements. The Punjab was occupied by Alexander the Great and
then by the Maurya empire. Muslims occupied W Punjab by the 8th
cent. and firmly implanted Islam. Not until the late 12th cent. did they
conquer E Punjab, which even afterward remained predominantly
Hindu. Under the Mughal empire the Punjab reached its cultural
height. When the empire declined in the late 18th cent., the Sikhs
rose to dominance. By the early 19th cent. their territorial
aggrandizement brought conflict with the British, who emerged
victorious in the two Sikh Wars (1846, 1849) and in 1849 annexed
most of the Punjab and made it a province, though some of the
princely states were retained.
 With the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Punjab was
partitioned approximately along the line between the main
concentrations of the Muslim and the Hindu populations. The western
portion became the Pakistan province of West Punjab (renamed
simply Punjab in 1949; 1998 pop. 72,585,430; c.58,000 sq
mi/150,220 sq km) with its capital at Lahore.
The Indian section (c.91,000 sq mi/235,690 sq km) of the
Punjab was divided after partition into three areas. The numerous
Punjab hill states were merged into the union territory of Himachal
Pradesh (now a state), other princely states were formed into the
Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and the remaining area
became the Indian state of East Punjab. In 1956, however, the state
of East Punjab and the union territory of Patiala and East Punjab
States Union were merged to form the state of Punjab. In a further
reorganization in 1966, Punjab was divided into two states: Hindi-
speaking Haryana and Punjabi-speaking Punjab (2001 provisional
pop. 24,289,296), 19,764 sq mi (51,189 sq km). The capital of Punjab
is Chandigarh. Other important cities in Punjab are Amritsar,
Jalandhar, and Ludhiana. A third portion of the former Punjab was
added to Himachal Pradesh.
Sikh separatists have sought an independent Sikh state since
1947. The movement grew more militant in the face of attempts by
India's central government to suppress the movement through
military action, jailings, concessions to moderates, and internal
subversion. Peace has now returned and Punjab is rapidly regaining
its economic importance. Punjab is governed by a chief minister and
cabinet responsible to a bicameral legislature with one elected house
and by a governor appointed by the president of India.

Etymology
The word "Punjab" is a combination of the Persian words panj Five,
and āb Water, giving the literal meaning of the "Land of Five Rivers".
The five rivers after which Punjab is named are the Beas, Jhelum,
Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej.

• GROWTH OF PUNJAB:

The Indian state of Punjab was created in 1947, when the

Partition of India split the former Raj province of Punjab between
India and West Pakistan. The mostly Muslim western part of the
province became West Pakistan's Punjab Province; the mostly Sikh
eastern part became India's Punjab state. Many Sikhs and Hindus
lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so the
partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal
violence. Several small Punjabi princely states, including Patiala, also
became part of India. In 1950, two separate states were created;
Punjab included of the former Raj province of Punjab, while the
princely states were combined into a new state, the Patiala and East
Punjab States Union (PEPSU). PEPSU consisted of the princely
states of Patiala, Nabha, Jind, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot and
Kalsia. Himachal Pradesh was created as a union territory from
several princely states and Kangra district. In 1956, PEPSU was
merged into Punjab state, and several northern districts of Punjab in
the Himalayas were added to Himachal Pradesh.
The capital of the undivided Punjab province, Lahore, ended up
in West Pakistan after partition, so a new capital for Indian Punjab
state was built at Chandigarh. On November 1, 1966, the mostly
Hindu southeastern half of Punjab became a separate state,
Haryana. Chandigarh was on the border between the two states, and
became a separate union territory which serves as the capital of both
Punjab and Haryana. Chandigarh was due to transfer to Punjab alone
in 1986, but the transfer has been delayed pending an agreement on
which parts of the Hindi speaking areas of Abohar and Fazilka,
currently part of Firozpur District of Punjab, should be transferred to
Haryana in exchange.
During the 1970s, the Green Revolution brought increased
economic prosperity for the Sikh community in Punjab, mainly due to
Pratap Singh Kairon, the late Sikh leader. However, a growing
polarisation between the Indian National Congress led Indian
government and the main political party of the Sikhs, the Shiromani
Akali Dal, began to widen during the 1970s. The hostility and
bitterness arose from what was widely seen by the Sikhs as
increasing alienation, centralization and discriminatory attitudes
towards Punjab by the Government of India. This prompted the
Shiromani Akali Dal to unanimously pass the Anandpur Sahib
Resolution which among other things called for granting maximum
autonomy for the Punjab and other states and limiting the role and
powers of the Central Government.
 Discord had been developing after the rejection of the
Anandpur Sahib Resolution. A small section of Sikhs demanded an
independent state of Khalistan. A number of militants took to targeting
officials and people opposed to their point of view which included a
number of Sikhs. Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale along with his
supporters sought shelter inside the Akal Takht. Fearing an attack on
the Harimandir Sahib, Bhindranwale, with help from Shabeg Singh
heavily fortified the temple. The Indian army finally assaulted the
Golden Temple to take out armed militants in June, 1984. However,
the operation, Operation Bluestar was poorly planned and
coordinated, leading to heavy military and civilian casualties.
As a result, the situation in Punjab deteriorated into anarchy
with a rise in radicalised militancy. By the early 1990s, after many
years of violence across Punjab, the militants' struggle for Khalistan
had lost much of the sympathy given after the assault on the sacred
Golden Temple, it had previously had from some Punjabi Sikhs and
what little armed resistance remained was eliminated and forced
underground. In the following years there was concern over alleged
human rights abuses conducted by the central and state government
against radical Sikhs, and many human rights organisations were not
allowed in the Punjab at the time.
The Indian BJP former leader stated that the Congress Party
governments have been involved in creating terrorism in the Punjab.
Recently, BJP national president Lal Krishna Advani, stated that it
was his party which pressured Sikh Extremists to take a stand
against the government. The policy to help the Congress Party by
creating militants and moderates backfired resulting in the deaths of
thousands of innocent people. Two notable attacks in Punjab were in
1991 and 1987, both attacks involving militants.
Punjab's economy was acutely affected in the 1980s and early
1990s. However in recent times, there have been serious attempts by
the Central Government to diminish resentment and strong feelings of
Punjabis over the issue. Punjab's economy is now on the path to
recovery. However, corruption and violence continues to hamper the
state.
The Entire Process will be conducted in the following stages:
• In each city, there would be a call for nominations across each
of the 9 categories
• For each city, a panel of judges (comprising eminent
personalities of the city) will decide on 3 nominees per category
• In each city, the public would then vote for their No.1 across
each category
• Any of the participants may vote more than one time and the
winners in each category will be finalized on the basis of
highest vote count, maximum number of unique mobile number
and Judges Mark’s against their name.
• The winners will then be awarded at a Grand Award Night
which will be held in Jalandhar.
 CONCLUSION

As we have already discussed above that Punjab is no One state in

india. In the old times during the rule of kings , maharajas the Punjab
was the only main state that was destroyed badly . but today with the
change of environment i.e change of technology , Punjab is the state
that is very rapidly adopting the new technology . If we look the
agriculture part , Punjab is feeding to whole of the india , various
industries are too in Punjab like in Ludhiana .that is providing
employment to people Making them independent , raises standard of
living of their and ultimately by saving , investing more and more
capital formation is there . thus by making investment in the
infrastructure and Punjab is developing very rapidly after facing
various ups and downs . thus punjab is no. 1 state in india .