City of Santa Rosa CLUP 2018 2026 PDF

Table of Contents
1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 1-1

1.1 Introduction 1-1
1.2 Sectoral Analysis Matrices 1-2
1.2.1 Social Sector Programs and Projects 1-2
1.2.2 Economic Sector Programs and Projects 1-13
1.2.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Programs and Projects 1-16
1.3 Sectoral Profile of Santa Rosa City 1-20
1.3.1 Historical Background 1-20
1.3.2 Local Chief Executives of Santa Rosa City 1-25
1.3.3 Demographic Profile 1-26
1.3.4 Geographic Location 1-28
1.3.5 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision 1-34
1.3.6 Physical Features and Environmental Condition 1-36
1.3.7 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends 1-43
1.3.8 Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities 1-52
1.3.9 Social Service Facilities/Utilities/Amenities 1-59
1.3.10 Economic Structure 1-69
1.4 Development Constraints: Priority Issues and Concerns 1-85
1.4.1 Social Sector 1-85
1.4.2 Environment Sector 1-91
1.4.3 Infrastructure and Utilities 1-93
1.4.4 Transportation 1-94
1.4.5 Local Economic Sector 1-95
1.4.6 Local Administration and Finance 1-96
1.5 Comparative Advantages and Competitive Edge 1-96
1.5.1 Economic Potentials 1-96
1.5.2 Competitiveness of the LGU 1-97
1.6 Functional Role of the City 1-99
1.7 SWOT Analysis 1-100
1.7.1 Internal Strengths and Weaknesses and External 1-100
Opportunities and Threats
1.7.2 SO,WO, ST and WT Strategies 1-101
1.8 Development Potentials and Constraints 1-102
1.8.1 Development Potentials 1-102
2 VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING 2-1
2.1 Vision 2-1
2.2 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk 2-1
Reduction in Santa Rosa City CLUP Formulation
Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.2.1 Exposure of Santa Rosa City to Hazards 2-1

2.2.2 Climatic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards 2-3
2.2.3 Anthopogenic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards 2-5
2.2.4 Exposure to Related Hazards of Flood, Soil Erosion and 2-9
Landslice
2.2.5 Exposure to Liquefaction 2-15
2.2.6 Vulnerability Assessment of Santa Rosa City to Disaster 2-18
Risks
2.2.7 Adaptive Capacity of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risk 2-34
Vulnerability
2.3 Development Thrusts/Goals and Land Suitability Assessment 2-39
2.3.1 Thrusts/Goals, Status, Remarks 2-39
2.3.2 Identified Development Thrusts/Goals 2-40
2.3.3 Development Option 2-40
2.3.4 Development Thrusts of Santa Rosa for the Next Years 2-42
2.4 Land Suitability Analysis 2-42
3 PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUM-STRUCTURE PLAN 3-1
3.1 Physical Strategy Alternatives 3-1
3.1.1 Organic or Unplanned Development Strategy 3-1
3.1.2 Linear Development Strategy 3-1
3.1.3 Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy 3-4
3.1.4 Physical Strategy-cum-Structure Plan 3-4
4 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Land Use Change 4-1
4.2.1 Land Use Increases 4-2
4.2.2 Land Use Decreases 4-3
4.3 Planning Period 4-6
4.4 Land Use Plan 4-6
4.4.1 Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ 4-8
4.4.2 Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area 4-9
4.4.3 Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area 4-12
4.4.4 Landslide-Vulnerable Area 4-14
4.4.5 Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development 4-14
Area
4.4.6 General Residential Mixed-Use Area 4-15
4.4.7 Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area 4-18
4.4.8 Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area 4-19
4.4.9 Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area 4-20
4.4.10 Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area 4-21
4.4.11 Parks and Recreation Area 4-22
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.4.12 City Waters Area 4-23

4.4.13 Road Rights-of-Way Area 4-23
4.4.14 Special Use/Cemetery Area 4-24
4.4.15 Relocation/Resettlement Area 4-24
4.4.16 Evacuation Centers 4-24
5 LAND AND WATER USE POLICIES 5-1
5.1 Land Use Policies 5-1
5.2 Water Use Policies 5-1
6 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS 6-1
6.1 Social and Economic Sectors 6-1
6.2 Environment and Natural Resources Sector 6-2
6.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector 6-2
6.4 Transportation Sector 6-2
6.5 Local Administration and Finance Sector 6-2
7 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE 7-1
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT
7.1 Strategies in Settlements 7-1
7.2 Strategies in Infrastructures 7-2
7.3 Strategies on Production Areas 7-2
7.4 Strategies on Protection Areas 7-2
7.5 Strategies on Health and Well-Being (Including Human Capital) 7-3
7.6 Strategies on Sustainable Livelihood 7-3
7.7 Strategies on Physical Protection, Structural and Technical 7-3
Measures
7.8 Regulatory Measures to Incorporate in the SP’s Legislative Agenda 7-4
7.9 Activities to be Added to Functions of Existing LGU Departments 7-5
and Offices
7.10 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster-Resilient Governance 7-5
7.10.1 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council 7-5
7.10.2 Creation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management 7-5
Office (LDRRMO)
8 MONITORING REVIEW AND EVALUATION SYSTEM 8-1
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Housing 1-2
Table 1-2 Health 1-4
Table 1-3 Education 1-8
Table 1-4 Protective Services 1-8
Table 1-5 Sports and Recreation 1-11
Table 1-6 Social Welfare 1-11
Table 1-7 Industry 1-13
Table 1-8 Commerce and Trade 1-14
Table 1-9 Agriculture/Forestry-Agriculture 1-14
Table 1-10 Tourism 1-15
Table 1-11 Transportation 1-16
Table 1-12 Power 1-17
Table 1-13 Water/Land/Air 1-18
Table 1-14 Communication 1-19
Table 1-15 Solid Waste Management 1-19
Table 1-16 Santa Rosa City Local Chief Executives 1-25
Table 1-17 Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015 1-49
Table 1-18 Summary of Observations, Implications and Possible 1-58
Interventions
Table 1-19 Estimated Costs and Proposed Timelines for Transport 1-59
Development Project
Table 1-20 City Agricultural Data, 2013 1-70
Table 1-21 Major Agricultural Land Use, by Type, City of Santa Rosa, 1-71
Laguna, 2013 (In hectares)
Table 1-22 Rice Production (Dry and Wet Season), by Barangay, City of 1-71
Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2015
Table 1-23 Recommended Soil Suitability, by Type and Characteristics, 1-71
City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013
Table 1-24 Number of Heads, Backyard Livestock and Poultry: 1991, 1-73
1996, 1998, 2007, & 2011
Table 1-25 Number of Animal Raisers, 2013 1-73
Table 1-26 Farm Facilities and Machineries, 2015 1-74
Table 1-27 Post-harvest Facilities and Machinery, 2015 1-75
Table 1-28 Private and Public Wet Markets, 2013 1-77
Table 1-29 List of Cultural and Tourism Activities, City of Santa Rosa, 2013 1-78
Table 1-30 Tourists/Visitors Arrivals of City of Santa Rosa, 2013 1-80
Table 1-31 Minimum Daily Wage Rates by Sector, CALABARZON, as of 1-82
January 2016
Table 1-32 Average Daily Wage Rates, by Region, 2013- April 2015 1-83
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table 1-33 Household Population 15 Years Old and Over by Employment 1-84
Status: CALABARZON, 2013-2015 (In thousands except rates)
Table 1-34 Number of Establishments, by Employment Size, by Region, 1-84
2014
Table 1-35 Workers Provided with Various Livelihood Assistance Services, 1-85
CALABARZON, 2012-2013
Table 2-1 Disaster/Hazard Susceptibility/Exposure Inventory Matrix of 2-1
Santa Rosa City
Table 2-2 Average Monthly Rainfall in Santa Rosa City (mm) 2-4
Table 2-3 Number of Informal Settler Families, by Barangay, as of 2-19
January 2016
Table 2-4 Community Associations and Number of Families Living in the 2-24
Danger Zones, City of Santa Rosa, 2013
Table 2-5 Total Number of Senior Citizens, by Barangay, CWSD, City of 2-26
Santa Rosa, 2013
Table 2-6 Number of Persons with Disability and by Barangay, CSWD, 2-26
City of Santa Rosa, 2013
Table 4-1 Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015 4-3
Table 4-2 Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018- 4-8
2026
Table 4-3 List of Possible Measures for Climate Change Mitigation 4-11
(CCM) and Adaptation (CCA) Considered During Focused
Group Discussion Sessions (IPCC, 2014)
Table 4-4 Distribution of Existing Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2015 4-16
Table 4-5 Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018- 4-17
2026
Table 8-1 Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators 8-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Geographical Location Map 1-30
Figure 1-2 Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 2014 1-33
Figure 1-3 City of Santa Rosa Map 1-35
Figure 1-4 City of Santa Rosa Land Use Map, 2015 1-45
Figure 1-6 Road Network Map 1-56
Figure 1-7 City Bridges Map 1-57
Figure 2-1 Sub-Basin Map pf the Santa Rosa Watershed 2-6
Figure 2-2 Significant Development on Flood-Prone Areas in Selected 2-7
Areas in Laguna
Figure 2-3 City of Santa Rosa Land Use Changes Model: Do Nothing 2-8
Scenario
Figure 2-4 Flash Flood Areas and Submerge Barangay Map (HABAGAT) 2-11
Figure 2-5 City of Santa Rosa Land Use Map 2015 2-13
Figure 2-6 City of Santa Rosa Rain Induce Landslide 2-14
Figure 2-7 City of Santa Rosa Liquefaction Map 2-16
Figure 2-8 Province of Laguna West Valley Fault Line 2012 Map 2-17
Figure 2-9 Informal Settlers Location Map 2-23
Figure 2-10 Urban Agriculture District 2-28
Figure 2-11 City Health Center Map 2-30
Figure 2-12 Public Elementary School Map 2-31
Figure 2-13 Location of Government Offices Map 2-32
Figure 2-14 City Road Map 2-33
Figure 2-15 Relocation/Resettlement Area Map 2-35
Figure 2-16 Special Rescue Unit Buffer Respond 2-36
Figure 2-17 Police Community Precint and Jurisdiction Map 2-37
Figure 3-1 Land Suitability Map, 2018 3-3
Figure 3-2 Physical Strategy-Cum-Structure Plan 3-6
Figure 3-3 Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 2014 3-7
Figure 3-4 Projected Land Use in Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed, 3-8
2025
Figure 4-3 City of Santa Rosa Land Use Plan, 2018-2026 4-7
vi
Section
SITUATIONAL
1 ANALYSIS
1.1 Introduction
In response to the initiative of the local leadership to update Santa Rosa City’s
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), stakeholders’ workshops were held to
gather the inputs of the local constituency that will guide the formulation of the
different components of the updated plan. Five workshops were held from 2012 to
2013 with the assistance of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB).
The first workshop was held on September 18, 2012 and was attended by both
government officials and members of civil society. The workshop outputs were
sectoral analytical matrices of the city classified into social, economic and
infrastructure and utilities sectors. An analytical matrix had three columns, namely:
observation/technical findings/issues and concerns; implications/effects; and policy
option/intervention/possible solution. Actually, these information were already
described and implied in the Socio-Economic and Physical Profile which was
prepared earlier by the city CLUP team. The second workshop was held on
February 13, 2013 and its purpose was to review and validate the Sectoral Analysis
Matrix output of the first workshop. It also revisited the Vision Statement of the city.
The third workshop was held on April 10, 2013 and its outputs were the SWOT
(Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) Matrix, Development Constraints and
Opportunities and Preferred Development Thrust. It may be noted that these
analyses are important guidelines in the formulation of the land use plan. The fourth
workshop dealt with additional concerns such as the rapid population growth, limited
available land, water management, and effects of disasters and the city’s vulnerability
to them. The fifth workshop focused on the drafting of a new Zoning Ordinance that,
like the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, mainstreams Climate Change Adaptation
(CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM).
The outputs of the above workshops will be presented in abridged form in the
succeeding sections as parts of the process of formulating a climate and disaster
risk-sensitive land use plan.
1-1
Section 1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
1.2 Sectoral Analysis Matrices
The tables presented in the succeeding pages describe programs and projects
generated during the different workshops conducted under the supervision of the
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. The tables present programs and projects
according to their sectoral affiliations, i.e. as belonging to the social, economic,
infrastructure and utilities sectors. Each sectoral entry reflects he findings, issues and
concerns of the stakeholders whose implications and/or effects are subsequently
cited and, furthermore, whose policy option/intervention/possible solution is provided.
1.2.1 Social Sector Programs and Projects
Table 1-1: Housing
Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Findings/Issues and Implications/Effects Intervention/Possible
Concerns Solution
1. Need for more  Crowded relocation  To acquire government
relocation areas sites owned lands for
possible relocation sites
2. Need for more  Study time/tables of  Building of more
evacuation center students affected evacuation centers for
during calamities accommodation of
affected students
3. Need for more  Congested traffic  To build more access
roads/wide roads situation roads/road widening,
additional traffic lights
4. Need for a centralized  Causing traffic  To build a centralized
transport terminal violations/situations traffic system
5. Need for a low-cost  Employees interfering  To have at least one
housing for the local with the relocation/ low-cost housing project
government employees housing projects for the for the government
informal settlers employees
6. Government owned  Government lands  Identification of the said
lands being claimed by intended for the less/ land by the Assessor’s
private developers informal settlers not Office for possible use
used by them of the informal settlers
7. Need for more housing  Lack of lands for low-  To build medium-rise
projects for low/middle cost housing housing projects
income group
8. More “talipapa” being  Sanitation/health  Regulation of the
built hazard for the citizens building/construction of
9. Along roadsides talipapas in
coordination with proper
local government
offices
10. Overlapping barangay  Disputes among  Tax mapping/land titles
boundaries barangays
1-2

Concerns Solution
11. Lack of funding/no  Acquisition of land for  Utilization of the funds
budget appropriation resettlement sites are under RA 7279 Sect 18
for resettlement not addressed  Allocation of budget
 Cannot make programs
for housing/relocation
12. Lack of available lands  Schools and other  Land banking
to be used as buildings such as  Introduce medium-rise
relocation sites livelihood centers, building scheme
covered courts, and
etc. are used as
evacuation sites when
there are calamities
 Informal settlers from
danger zones are
forced to evacuate
during calamities
13. Lack of right-of-way for  Relocates are  Purchase of land as
the use of Relocation sometimes changed by road-right-of-way
2,3,4 and 5 in the owner of the land
Barangay Pulong Santa “toll fees”
Cruz
covered courts, and
etc. are used as
danger zones are
forced to evacuate
during calamities
covered courts, and
etc. are used as
1-3

Concerns Solution
danger zones are
forced to evacuate
during calamities
18. Lack of right-of-way for  Relocates are  Purchase of land as
the use of Relocation sometimes changed by road-right-of-way
2,3,4 and 5 in the owner of the land
Barangay Pulong Santa “toll fees”
Cruz
19. There are no sites  Scattered relocation  Identification of possible
identified for socialized sites to housing needs socialized housing sites
housing of informal settlers
cannot be addressed
20. Proliferation of informal  Lack of work for the  Strict implementation of
settlers in the city migrant workers that the housing ordinance
21. Structures - 8,483 some are forced to turn of the city
22. Families - 10,781 to illegal activities to
survive
 Balloon in the
population of students
studying in public
schools that their
quality of education are
affected/suffered
 Number of patients of
health officers are also
affected
23. Housing Office lacks
technical persons
24. No Service Vehicle
Table 1-2: Health

Concerns Solution
Governance
1. Insufficient manpower  Optimal basic services  Additional technical
for primary care may not be delivered manpower
prevention efficiently  Activation of ILHZs for
a. Doctors (1:20,000  Fatigued technical staff manpower sharing
pop) – actual  Implementation of
1:66,620 pop RNHeals and RHM
b. Nurses (1:20,000 Placement Program
pop) – actual is
1-4

Concerns Solution
1:41,637 pop  Appropriate budget for
c. midwives (1:5,000 personnel services
pop) – actual is  Capability building of
1:10,409 pop health workers
d. sanitary inspectors
(1:20,000) – actual is
1:41,637 pop
e. dentists (1:50,000) –
actual is 1:83,275
Service Delivery
2. Maternal deaths still  Increase maternal  Create and enact
occur in the city mortality rate/MDG not ordinance prohibiting
achieved home deliveries and
only health care
providers will do the
deliveries
3. Home deliveries by  Increase maternal  Enroll all indigent
untrained birth deaths/complications members of
attendants needing hospitalization reproductive age in
and more expenses PhilHealth to avail of the
maternal package
4. Low number of mothers  Sick children/deaths  Advocacy of
practicing breastfeeding below 5 years old breastfeeding
 Include breastfeeding
practices in the
ordinance/ provision of
lactation rooms to
establishments
5. Incomplete  Sick children/deaths  Create and enact
immunization for infants below 1 year old ordinance mandating
below 1 year old routine immunization for
infants below 1 year old
6. Low number of families  Problem in population  Advocacy to indigent
availing family planning control families
services  Parents may not  Provide free education
provide the basic rights to poor and ignorant
of their children people
including health
7. Poor families cannot  Newborn errors of  Allocate funds for
afford the Newborn metabolism cannot be indigent newborns for
Screening and Newborn prevented NBS/NHS
Hearing Screening  Hearing deficiency of  Advocate all birth
NBs not detected and facilities to be
prevented accredited in
MCP/NBSP
1-5

Concerns Solution
Service Delivery (Communicable Diseases)
8. TB Program - case  More cases of TB not  Implementation of
detection target not detected, infection Community Health
reached control will be a Teams/TB Task Force
problem  Enact ordinance at the
city level and barangay
supporting the NTP
9. Success rate for TB  Emergence of MDR  Accredit both CHOs for

treatment is not reached and XDR cases PhilHealth TB Package
(90%)
10. Misconception on  Panic of community  Enact and implement
dengue cases by  Overreporting of cases proper referral system
laymen for dengue and other
communicable diseases
 Barangay resolution on
dengue management
Service Delivery (Health and Sanitation)
11. Provision of safe water  Diarrhea as one of the  Strict implementation of
supply not 100% causes of morbidity PD 856 - Water Chapter
and mortality,  Implementation on
especially in children Handwashing
 Emergence of other Ordinance
water-borne diseases  Health education
like typhoid fever,
 Regular monitoring of
hepatitis, cholera,
safe drinking water by
amoebiasis CHOs
 Provision of equipment
for monitoring
12. Lack of sanitation and  Increased number  Establish designated
toilet facilities during families getting sick in evacuation centers with
disaster response evacuation centers appropriate number of
toilet facilities
 Alternative use for
ecosan toilets
13. Non-communicable  Increased morbidity  Strict implementation of
diseases increasing in and mortality existing laws
numbers  Less productive head  Enactment of
a. diabetes mellitus of the family appropriate local laws
b. renal diseases  Low income for the  Promotion of healthy
c. cardiovascular family lifestyle, i.e. ecopark/
diseases recreational parks
d. chronic lung  Support for provision of
diseases specialty doctors to
e. blindness indigent patients
1-6

Concerns Solution
Service Delivery (Upgrade Facilities)
14. Inappropriate vehicle  Delayed health  Provision of a vehicle
for disaster response services to hard-to- appropriate for regular
reach areas services as well as
 Personal expenses of disaster response
front liners
15. Barangay health  Facility not appropriate  Establishment of health
stations in Malusak, for health service care centers for proper
Market Area located in delivery, more health service delivery
barangay hall infection/disease can
arise
 Crowded health center
Regulation
16. CHO1 not PhilHealth-  PhilHealth members  Assist in the
MCP accredited cannot avail of free requirements needed to
CHO2 not PhilHealth- services be accredited
MCP/TB Package
accredited
Financing
17. Poor families still not  Health privileges and  Target 100% enrollment
members of any social package rates not of indigents to
health schemes, availed (OPD and in PhilHealth
PhilHealth patients)
18. Health budget allocated  Health services may  Advocate increase in
is below 15% not be given to health budget as
(Recommended 15%, constituents needing recommended
MOOE is 45%) these services
19. (including hospital =
20-25% health budget)
20. Increase in Migration to  Increase in number of  Expansion of the
Santa Rosa City dissatisfied patients Hospital
21. Increase in Population -  Increase in number of  Construction of another
congested to populated patients not given hospital lever 1 (SRCH
areas medical attention that 2) as in CHO2
should be hospitalized
22. Overflowing of sick  Increase in number of
people/patients in the mortality
community hospital
(SRCH1) as in CHO1
level 2
Outnumbered the
number of hospital
beds
Outnumbered the
number of medical staff
1-7

Concerns Solution
23. Insufficient medicines  Increase in number of  De-centralization of
to the hospital patients buying hospital pharmacy from
pharmacy due to medicines outside the GSO if possible (?) for
limited allocation for hospital rapid replenishment of
drugs and very slow supplies using the
processing of supplying allocated budget for the
pharmacy demands pharmacy
24. DOH, under the new  License to operate of  De-centralization of
reclassification of the the hospital will be hospital pharmacy from
hospital, requires that affected GSO if possible (?)
the hospitals pharmacy  PHIC Accreditation will  Independent budget for
should have complete be affected the pharmacy
medicines and supplies
Table 1-3: Education

Concerns Solution
1. Schools have no land  No sense of ownership  Grant the land title for
title the school
2. Availability of land  Classroom shortage  Allocate an adequate
area for additional land area for
classrooms expansion
construction
3. Some schools are  Stoppage of classes  Redesign the school
prone to flood  Absences of both students structure that could
and teachers adapt to flood
 Increase in drop-out rate  Construct classrooms
to areas which are not
affected by flood
4. No available  Unemployable graduates  Include in the priority
laboratory and program the
industrial classrooms construction of
laboratory and
industrial classrooms
Table 1-4: Protective Services

Concerns Solution
1. Location of  Not visible/accessible  Relocation of PCPs in
PCPs/Substations to residents and those more strategic location
in transit in the city for  Additional establishment
immediate response of PCP
 Improvements of PCPs
1-8

Concerns Solution
2. Lack of personnel  Inadequate response  Assignment of additional
ratio (1:3,000) for police services personnel
 Strengthening of BPATs
as force multiplier
3. Inadequate number  Response time is  Police visibility patrol as a
of mobility affected/ delay in the crime deterent and
delivery of public immediate police
service response.
 Additional mobile vehicles
needed
4. Inadequate number  Increase of crime  Additional firepower,
of firearms/weapons volume and decreasing mobile vehicle and
and communication crime efficiency communication equipment
equipment solution
5. Limited resources  Deterioration of peace  Allocation of fund support
for the programs and order
6. Jail congested  Our crowded cells will  Construction of additional
cause illness/diseases cells
of inmates  Acquisition of medicines
 Bad odor in Jail from LGU & BJMP
Premises Regional Office
 Program for Jail
Congestion like follow up
of dismissed cases to
decrease the number of
detainees
7. Lack of personnel  Multi-function  Additional personnel
 The number of inmates
outnumber the number
of duty officers that
puts the security risk
8. Lack of equipment  Poor jail operation  Installation CCTV
cameras for security from
LGU
 Provision of computer unit
to be used in inmates data
9. Poor location and  Cannot easily refill  To provide more hydrants
lack of Hydrants and water tanks in case of and more water sources
water source bigger fires
10. Inadequate  Cannot easily access  To provide fire fighting
firefighting narrow areas and equipment (i.e., Breathing
equipment cannot perform well in apparatus/SCBA and
rescuing the victim that force entry equipment)
is possibly trap inside
1-9

Concerns Solution
11. Lack of aerial ladder  Cannot easily access  To provide fire truck with
for future high rise high rise building fire extended ladder that can
building fighting access high rise buildings
12. Need of additional  To shorten response  Land where the substation
substations on time will be built
strategic locations  Construction of additional
substation
 To provide additional fire
trucks, firefighting
equipment and additional
BFP personnel for the
substation
13. Inadequate personal  Risking firemen lives  Providing an additional
protective equipment during fire operation PPE (Personal Protective
for BFP personnel Equipment) for BFP
personnel to have a 1:1
ratio of PPE like bunker
and trouser, boots,
goggles, gloves and
helmets.
14. Inadequate BFP  Difficulty in fire  Training and recruitment
personnel and fire suppression and in of fire volunteer
volunteer, fire rescue operation
brigade
15. Inadequate means  Delayed in relaying the  Procurement of base and
of communication status of fire incidents handheld radio
and rescue
16. Strict  Non compliance of  Issuance of administrative
implementation of violation fines, closure and
fire codes revoking of license
17. Dissemination of fire  Problem in  Conducting of public
safety information relaying/informing small information regarding fire
household and small safety such as fire/
business earthquake drills and
seminars
18. Permanent  Evacuees are not  Find suitable area for
evacuation area concentrated in one construction of permanent
area evacuation center per
barangay
19. Understaffed:  Slow response  Hire additional personnel
(responder, office
staff, technical staff)
20. Additional technical  Cannot respond to  Purchase of equipment
rescue equipment high-rise building
(high- rise angle
rescue)
1-10
Table 1-5: Sports and Recreation

Concerns Solution
1. Lack of sports staff  Points to prolong field  Additional sport staff
personnel assignments and  Creation of additional
documentations for plantilla for sports
immediate feedback of office
sports task
2. Sports facilities/location  For our athletes to have a  Creation of Olympic-
for trainings of different specific area of trainings size swimming pool,
sports (indoor and  To have an area for standard size of track
outdoor games) tournaments that will oval and open field
cover and accommodate for football games
big volume of participants (outdoor games)
and audiences  Creation of Sports
Center for indoor
games and seminars
and trainings
3. Potential athletes and  Athletes will have the zest  Have scholarships for
active athletes to continue their chosen the athletes that will
prioritization field of sports and cater to their
schooling at the same schooling and at the
time same time have
continued training
programs for their
field of sports
4. Continue the programs  Identify the city in terms of  Continue identifying
of priority sports: ball sports and known athletes potential athletes and
games, contact sports, continue to support
table games, aquatic active athletes to
sports, athletic games create world-class
and precision sports players coming from
our city
5. New techniques and  For upgrading  Seminars and
strategies on advancements trainings for coaches.
supervising the athletes
6. Sports recognitions  For our athletes’ and  Have a regular sport
coaches’ prestige awards programme
annually.
Table 1-6: Social Welfare

Concerns Solution
1. Lack of personnel  Cannot immediately  Hiring of registered
(Registered Social respond/attend to social workers for
Worker) clients in need additional manpower
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Concerns Solution
2. Lack of social welfare  High risk on the safety  Construction of social
facilities such as: of lives both for the welfare facilities ASAP.
a) Women and Children victims of abuses and
Crisis Center minor offenders; Need
b) CICL Rehab Center of vehicle to transport
c) Center for Street client to and from the
Children Institution
3. Lack of service vehicle  Delayed transaction,  Purchase of additional

to transport clients to delayed services service vehicle to
and from their expedite delivery of
destination social services
4. Lack of storage for stock  Relief goods are often  Construction of storage
filing of relief goods seen along the hallway facility
especially during outside of the CSWD
disaster emergencies Office
5. Lack of practical skills  Increased number of  Construction of practical
training and productivity women who are idle skills training and
center especially for and unproductive productivity center
women especially for women
6. Lack of Day Care  Increasing number of  Repair/renovation of
Center/ renovation of pre-schoolers who are existing old Day Care
existing old Day Care not enrolled in Day Center and construction
Centers (3 day care Care Center (3-4years); of additional Day Care
centers) Unsafe existing old Day Centers (4 more day
Care Center care centers)
7. Increasing number of  Increased number of  Advocacy on the
domestic violence cases women and children existing laws to address
abuse cases, street related issues and
children and CICL prevent occurrence of
similar cases
8. Lack of funds to provide  Increased number of  Provision of capital
livelihood capital cases of family problem assistance to increase
assistance to low means resulting to number of family income
and no income families crimes committed
9. Increasing number of  Increased number of  Massive Parent
youth delinquents street children Effectiveness Service
Campaign in every
barangay
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1.2.2 Economic Sector Programs and Projects
Table 1-7: Industry

Concerns Solution
1. Influx of BPO industry  Increased economic  Incentives for the BPO
activity in the city, companies
available jobs and  Close coordination with
other opportunities BPAP and Philippine
Chamber of Commerce in
attracting new investors
2. Lack of labor manpower  Job opportunities  Provide short courses in
in the BPO industry brought by the BPO preparation for the
industry were not industry needs
maximized due to  Accredit educational
skills mismatch institutions providing
education focused on the
industry needs
3. Laguna Waterfront  A future waterfront  Identify the best method
Development project in Laguna de of project implementation
Bay, The beneficial to the city in
implementation of this the long term
project may promote
balance development
within the city since
most of the
development and
economic activities
were focused in the
eastern part of the
LGU.
4. Non-functional  Incentives that may  Pass amendments in the
Investment Code/ provide the difference existing code; pass
Investment Office in attracting new implementing guidelines,
investors and and create a dedicated
encouraging office for the purpose of
expansion of existing investment management
businesses were not
implemented
5. Weak support to SME’s  SMEs provide  Pass an ordinance which
employment and specifically lay-out the
increase economic LGU support to SMEs
activities; Support to  Strengthen existing
budding and existing SMEs organization
SMEs in the city is
minimal and not
institutionalized.
6. Few functional  Cooperatives  Maximize existence of
promote empowered organized NGOs (TODA,
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Concerns Solution
cooperatives constituents and HOA, etc.) in the
representation thru promotion of putting-up
economies of scale. new cooperatives
 There are benefits  Aggressive cooperative
that only cooperatives education programs in all
can avail like tax barangays
exemptions, among
others, that were not
enjoyed by non-
members.
Table 1-8: Commerce and Trade

Concerns Solution
1. Long list of clearances/  Discourage the  Formulation of unified
requirements being taxpayers to secure policies
asked from the tax our permits
payers/business owners  Inconvenience to the
by the national agencies tax payers
2. Duplication of  Discourage the  Formulation of unified
requirements being taxpayers to secure policies
asked of the tax payers our permits
 Inconvenience to the
tax payers
3. Land use classification  Conflict/disputes  Strict implementation of
of business among business zoning ordinance/land
establishments owners and citizenry use classification
4. Boundaries dispute  Confusion among  Consultations between
among Barangays Barangay Captains barangays officials, LGU
officials, Assessor’s
Office & other agencies
Table 1-9: Agriculture/Forestry-Agriculture

Concerns Solution
1. Shifting of land use from  Reduced area for  Identify green areas to be
agricultural to agricultural protected/exempted from
residential, commercial production conversion if possible
and mixed use  Social problems
brought about by the
influx of emigrants
 Social and economic
problems as a result
1-14

Concerns Solution
of relocation
programs
2. Irrigation problems  Remaining areas for  Coordination of local and
during development of agricultural national agencies
agricultural lands production decreases concerned before actual
further due to lack of implementation of
irrigation development plan (e.g.,
National Irrigation
Administration, City
Agriculture Office, City
Engineer’s Office, etc.)
3. Decreasing agricultural  Decrease in food  Provide farm machineries
productivity commodity and equipment and
contribution important farm inputs
such as seeds and
fertilizers to farmers
4. High cost of production  Affects food security  Encourage high-value
due to high cost of farm crop production
inputs  Encourage hybrid rice
production
 Encourage backyard
farming/urban farming
 Utilize idle lots and open
spaces in subdivisions,
commercial and
industrial estates
 Utilize idle government
lands for agricultural
production
Table 1-10: Tourism

Concerns Solution
1. Worsening traffic  Bad experience in the  More routing or re-route
city, less likely to roads.
come back  Efficient traffic
management
2. Peace and order  Discourage visiting  Increase police visibility,
tourists strengthen tourist
oriented policemen
3. Tourism development
a) Cuartel de Santo  Inaccessible location,  Preservation of historical
Domingo need approval of SAF landmarks
to visit the area  Claiming of the 8-hectare
land
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Concerns Solution
b) The La Playa as  Additional tourist  Make a tourism spot,
tourism destination destinations in the old museum and cultural
city area map
c) E-Museum and E-  Younger generation  Making the E-Museum
Learning Resource can appreciate the and E-Learning
Center museum better Resource Center of the
21st century
d) Accommodation  Low awareness and  Increase support and
facilities for small weak production of programs to small
entrepreneurs for local products entrepreneurs
product development producing local
products
e) Accreditation of  Non-accredited  Unified policy should be
tourism establishments may provided by
establishments take advantage or Department of Tourism
exploit tourists  A local ordinance
accrediting tourist
establishments
f) Making of the  Promote pride and  More jobs for
Hibiscus Bloom City sense of identity by barangays
of the South promoting the special  Propagation of Hibiscus
flower Rosenian’s Arlene B.
Arcillas for barangay
product
1.2.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Programs and Projects
Table 1-11: Transportation

Concerns Solution
1. Lack of traffic  Indicated in the CLUP  Conduct strategic traffic
masterplan 2000-2015 but was impact assessment
not pursued  Promote the three E’s of
traffic management
 Participatory plan
formulation
2. Minimal use of bicycles  Environment Friendly,  Provision of Bicycle lanes,
Good for the Health Bicycle specific route, etc.
aside from sidewalk
3. Lack of a dedicated  Costly and  A local railroad system
public transport system inconvenient for the connecting the old city to
linking the east (old city commuting public the more developed part
area) to the west part of of the city or a new route
the city (west) NUVALI of public vehicles from
area east to south
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Concerns Solution
4. Lack of ferries traveling  Will lessen the load of  Accreditation of ferries,
from one LGU to commuters using promotion of water
another using the public roads transport as a means of
Laguna de Bay route traveling
5. Improved capability and  CTMEO staff prone to  Trainings, capacity
safety of CTMEO staff harassments building, hiring of
additional staff if needed,
additional equipment
(camera, batons, radios,
etc.) etc.
6. Started partnership with  Increased awareness  Traffic safety park,
TAP and Rotary Club in of students about inclusion of traffic safety
local traffic education traffic safety education in school
children’s curriculum
7. No motorpool /  Impounded vehicles  Provision of motorpool
impounding area are considered
eyesore in front of
police stations
8. Lack of traffic signs  Commuters or  In partnership with the
pedestrians don’t civil society, provide
observe local traffic adequate traffic signs
rules
9. Lack of pedestrian  Pedestrian is highly at  Provision of pedestrian
overpass in heavy risk to motor accidents overpass in accident-
traffic and accident prone areas
prone areas
Table 1-12: Power

Concerns Solution
1. Untapped alternative  Dependence on  In partnership with the
power source (wind, MERALCO and other academe and the private
solar, hydro) companies sector in establishing a
 Reliance on fuel model in using alternative
generator when there is power source
a power interruption
2. Non-LEED Certified  Government centers  Apply certification from
Government Centers not serving as a good LEED, pass an ordinance
example of “walking the stating that all new
talk” in energy government infrastructure
management should comply with the
LEED standard.
3. Minimal awareness of  Low awareness and  Increase public based

energy conservation program support of activities not limited to the
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Concerns Solution
measures as a way of constituents Earth Hour, public
life hearings, etc.
 Treat the public not as
mere recipients of
government programs but
rather as active partners
Table 1-13: Water/Land/Air

Concerns Solution
Environment Sector
WATER
1. Over extraction of  Ground subsidence  LGU to monitor
groundwater; illegal pumpings, require
wells submission of
abstraction reports (To
be mainstreamed in the
environmental
clearance)
2. Flooding from new land  New flooding in  Require flood neutral
development downstream areas development, allocate
recharge areas; flood
zoning, special building
codes for flood zones
3. Contamination of  Cholera, typhoid,  Close and seal
shallow wells and diarrhea contaminated well;
water table Laguna Water Corp. to
prioritize plans for water
access in dense
communities
LAND
1. Harmonization of  Water quality, flooding  Agreements among
CLUPs (i.e. ,erosion contiguous towns
upstream, (creation of a water
sedimentation quality council)
downstream)
2. Increased built-up  Limited infiltration /  Development of green
areas percolation of water areas
3. Mixed use resulting to  Difference in land use  Mixed use – not to be
conflicts among adjacent used as a land
properties resulting in classification
various problems (water
allocation, emissions,
pollution)
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Concerns Solution
AIR
1. Increased number in  Air quality deterioration,  Use of non-fuel vehicles,
vehicle volume GHG emissions incentives
2. Due to development  GHG emission  Shift of energy source,
and industrialization, renewable energy
high use of electricity
3. Solid waste and  GHG emissions  Minimize waste
wastewater generation generation, increased
waste diversion
Table 1-14: Communication

Concerns Solution
1. Non-Wi-Fi Government  Minimal access to  Provision of open Wi-Fi
Centers internet/ connections with all
information/communicati government centers
on
2. Not 100% landline  Less access to landline  Ensure that private
phone access companies will also
invest/serve the
underprivileged sector
of the city
3. Non-fiber optics phone  Slow rate of  Encourage private
lines communication companies to
 Apprehension of modernize their
investors relying on ICT equipment
since desired
infrastructure is already
present
4. Intermittent cellphone  inefficient communication  Ask cellphone
signals within the city between cellphone users providers to ensure
within the city connectivity within the
city
Table 1-15: Solid Waste Management

Concerns Solution
Environment Sector
1. Land use for MRF and  Complaints  Allocation of MRF spaces
pick-up stations determined by brgys.
installation
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1.3 Sectoral Profile of Santa Rosa City
A brief historical perspective of Santa Rosa City is provided in order to trace the
whole spectrum of its development that in turn can serve as useful guide in the
current planning exercise being conducted for the city. The temporal narrative will
provide a picture of the direction being experienced by the city that will inform
planners what interventions need to be taken that will lead the city towards a more
sustainable form of development. In this narrative, the city’s history is traced through
the following periods of its existence: From Barrio Bukol, Revolutionary Period,
American Period, Sakdalista Revolt Period, Japanese Period and Post-War Period.
A list of local chief executives and periods served is provided at the end (Table 1-16).
1.3.1 Historical Background
1.3.1.1 From Barrio Bukol
When the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de

Legaspi, explored the wide span of the Laguna Lake during the early period, he
discovered the settlements of native people along the coastal areas--in particular the
area of “Tabuco”, that covered what are now the nearby towns of Cabuyao and
Biñan. Santa Rosa was then a part of the territorial extension of Biñan called Barrio
Bukol--an area presumably referring to the sloping and elevated western section of
the town.
The land is part of the Hacienda Biñan, the center of vast tracks of land in Laguna
owned by the Dominicans, the famed Order of Preachers (OP), as early as 1644.
According to stories, a kapilya or chapel was erected by the Dominican friars in 1757.
During the period also, the Historical Cuartel del Santo Domingo, a bastion of the
Spanish Civil Guards, was established near the boundary with Silang, Cavite to
guard and protect the lowland residents from the tulisanes or bandits that roam and
cross from the Province of Cavite to the Province of Laguna. During the Spanish
revolution, reinforcements against Philippine revolutionaries were stationed in this
eight-hectare headquarters.
Barrio Bukol was already an established settlement in Biñan spread over various
sitios such as Makinang Apoy, Tagapo , Pulong Santa Cruz, Aplaya and Caingin,
among others. Similar to the “encomienda system” of the Spaniards, a hacienda
situated in the Poblacion area was established. A native woman of the barrio named
Doña Juana Galintang owned several hectares of grassland and recognition of her
stature in the community was the naming of the plaza after her.
The town was named after the first South American saint, Santa Rosa de Lima of
Peru, a nun of the Third Order of Saint Dominique. This act indicates the strong
influence of the Dominican Order in the town. Through the petitions of the prominent
local residents, parts of Barrio Bukol were politically emancipated as the municipality
of Santa Rosa on January 18, 1792. It was also during this year when the Rosa de
Lima Parish Church was completed. The church was built to honor the Patron Saint
1-20
of the town. The townfolk believed that they were able to withstand the ordeals of the
Japanese occupation through the protection, guidance and help of Santa Rosa de
Lima. Santa Rosa was the young and beautiful beata and mystic from Lima, Peru
named Isabel Flores de Oliva. After leaving a life of corporal mortification, fasting,
prayer and dedication to the teachings of Jesus Christ, she was canonized by Pope
Clement X on April 12, 1671 and became the first Catholic saint in the Americas.
The parish church was built at the poblacion town center and served as the reference
point in the establishment of the old municipio or municipal town hall, the public plaza
and the gridiron pattern of street alignment around the plaza. This urban form was
otherwise called the “plaza complex” which the Spaniards prescribed in physically
planning their colonial settlements.
As a peaceful and quiet community, the town people went their ways working on the
land as farmers, artisans and fishermen. The lake water provided bountiful harvests
of rare species of native fish such as biya, hipon, ayungin, tigite, dalag and dulong
which are rapidly vanishing during these days in the heavily polluted waters of the
lake. The land, however, was blessed with abundant fresh groundwater from its soil
layer formation of sand and clastic rocks up to the present day-a natural resource
that makes the city very attractive to residential, commercial and industrial
development.
To this day, many Spanish type bahay na bato houses of the Zavalla, Tiongco,
Gomez and Gonzales families still stand. Many skillful Chinese artisans from the
Parian of Intramuros settled permanently after constructing the church that was
completed 15 years after. Some Chinese became rich inquilinos who leased the
farmlands from the friars and subsequently distributed them for rent by farmer
tenants. It was a convenient arrangement widely practiced in Laguna during those
times.
Outside the town center, vast tracks of sakatehan or grassland with scattered nipa
and bamboo houses describe the rest of the town. It was in these scattered and
uninhabited lands that the legendary bolangapoy was said to appear in the dark of
night to burn the sakatahan along its path while superstitious people watch from a
distance. It was also said that the people then were enchanted and mesmerized by
the colorful fireworks seen during midnight at certain months of the year.
With the start of the Filipino Revolution in 1896 from Cavite that spread like wildfire to
Laguna, Bulacan and other neighboring provinces, the town people found
themselves divided in the fight for national independence against the Spanish
colonial masters. The town “loyalists” joined the Spanish authorities in defending the
Royal Crown and preventing the rapid spread of the revolutionary forces that were
trying to encircle the old City of Manila. The Spanish army under the command of
Captain Heneral Blanco, in a desperate attempt, established a stronghold--the
Calamba-Tanauan-Banadero defense line and soon infantry as well as the
cazadores or chasseurs sent from Spain under General Rios and Aguirre also took
part in the offensive.
1-21
The area around the famous Cuartel de Santo Domingo was attacked on October 27,
1896 by the Filipino revolutionaries. The fort was defended by the Guardia Civil with
the assistance of volunteer citizens from Santa Rosa who for their heroic efforts were
given rewards and citations such as land grants and tax privileges by the Spanish
authorities.
With General Emilio Aguinaldo gaining the upper hand in the revolution, a populist
leader named Tinyente Basilio “Ilyong” Gonzales, carried the local fight in Santa
Rosa by organizing the original Magdalo faction and by appointing himself president.
In recognition of this role in the town’s history, a statue of him has been erected
outside the city’s Gusaling Batasan. When the Philippine Independence was
proclaimed in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898, the municipal government sent
Francisco Arambulo and other local prominent citizens to sign the documents of
declaration.
Eventually, war broke out again with the Americans in February 1899 such that many
local citizens like David Zavalia, Felix Reyes, and Delfin Vallejo fought alongside the
forces of General Pio del Pilar. With the gradual fall of Filipino forces in major
battles, the town of Santa Rosa was later occupied by the American forces led by
Colonel Robert Bullard in January 1900.
During the Spanish period, the so-called gobernadillos were Jose Dizon, Ignacio
Balberino, Sebastian Arambulo, Vicente Nepomuceno, Policarpio Juarique, Eugenio
Francisco, Domingo Arambulo, Clemente Añonuevo, Pedro Vallejo, Mariano
Gonzales, Angel Zavalla, and Francisco Arambulo. During the American regime, so-
called presidents were Pedro Leano, Pablo Manguerra, Celerino Tiongco, Francisco
Arambulo and many others.
1.3.1.2 American Period
With the establishment of the Insular Government of the Americans, all friar lands in
the Philippines were purchased for distribution to the local people and paid on
installment basis. In Santa Rosa, the Dominican friar lands were bought for 14.4
million pesos on July 4, 1901. The period of reconstruction was initiated by the civil
government which allocated 2 million pesos for the construction of roads, bridges and
school buildings in Santa Rosa. At the same time, German Arambulo, a rich
philanthropist with a great vision for the town, donated his family-owned land estates
as sites for the present-day public market, playground, and elementary school
building. The famous Santa Rosa Arch, a small replica of the Arch of Triumph in
Paris, France was also built in 1931. In a sense, the modern-day physical planning
and development of the municipality started during this early period.
1.3.1.3 Sakdalista Revolt Period
The town was no exception to agrarian unrest that dominated the Philippine political
scene of the early 1930s. The issues and problems related to abuses by landowners
dubbed as “caciquism” culminated in a bloody revolt by farmers of Santa Rosa and
Cabuyao on May 3, 1935. About 30 people, most of them occupying the Cabuyao
Parish Church patio, died from the Springfield rifles of the government constabulary.
1-22
Many rebels were arrested, including their woman leader, Henerala Salud Algabre,
and were put to prison charged with rebellion. It did not take long when President
Manuel L. Quezon of the Commonwealth Government granted them political
amnesty through the intercession of Governor Juan Cailles of Laguna.
1.3.1.4 Japanese Period
Life went on as usual in Santa Rosa until the Second World War which broke out in
1941. What was conspicuous before the war was the presence of Japanese
nationals such as “Meda” and “Mekawa” who were seen selling “kending happon”.
They were later seen dressed in army uniform when the invading Japanese forces
came in. Tragic incidents marked the Japanese occupation of the town. Suspected
local guerillas identified by the treacherous local makapili spies in hooded bayong
were arrested, tortured and just disappeared.
The hacienda was converted into a garrison by the Japanese Army. Some local
residents were caught in the crossfire between the “tora-tora” planes and American
planes which were engaged in dogfights. The belfry of the parish church was heavily
damaged during these clashes.
The town plaza later became the site for executing makapili spies by the local
guerrillas. Fearful for their lives, the Japanese forces, together with their local
cohorts, fled towards the eastern side of the lake known as the “darangan” and their
fate was never known again. When the American forces returned on February 5,
1945 together with their Filipino allies, some Japanese collaborators were imprisoned
at the Kapitolyo in Santa Cruz, Laguna.
1.3.1.5 Post-War Period
During the post-war era until the 1970s, the towns people were largely dependent on
basic agriculture and family-owned enterprises for livelihood. Aside from farming,
residents were also engaged in fishing, livestock raising, and small backyard
gardening. However, progress and development came to the town of Santa Rosa at
a very fast pace several decades after the liberation period. From a sleepy
agricultural community regarded as a “bedroom area” of Metro Manila, it was
transformed into a boomtown of close to 300,000 people and the center of business,
commerce, and industry not only in Laguna but also the whole of CALABARZON
subregion--the fastest growth center of the country. CALABARZON was formed by
virtue of Executive Order No. 103 which was issued in 2002 for the purpose of
breaking up the large Region IV into two regional planning areas and assigning
development roles for each area. CALABARZON was assigned the role of a growth
corridor area to which Santa Rosa belongs. The corridor is described as a rapidly
urbanizing and industrializing area. Due to its proximity to Metro Manila, a high level
of urbanization has taken place over the years in the region, with Laguna and Cavite
particularly becoming sites of manufacturing and high-technology industries.
1-23
The influence of industrialization slowly took shape in Santa Rosa in the 1980s with
the entry of local and foreign investors who were instrumental in the fast-paced
economic and social transformation of the town and the province. The foreign
multinational companies were particularly attracted by cheap labor and government
incentives in the PEZA-registered economic zones and industrial estates. The quiet
town of Laguna Province actually started its progress initially from the establishment
of Filsyn, CIGI and a couple of small multinational companies there when the
government Board of Investments (BOI) provided incentives to companies located at
not less than 40 kilometers away from Metro Manila.
With the timely opening of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) in the 1980s, many
private business enterprises, big and small, started to come in, particularly the Coca-
Cola Bottling Company Plant--the biggest in Southeast Asia--and the Ayala-owned
Laguna Technopark Inc. (LTI) in joint venture with Japanese companies that opened
its more than 300 hectares world-class industrial estate to locator companies known
in the global business, namely: National Panasonic, Fujitsu Ten, Emerson, Honda
Cars Philippines, Isuzu and Lamcor, among others. Later on, economic zones
followed suit, particularly the Greenfield Business Park that hosts the multi-million
dollar manufacturing plant of the famous Ford Motor Company, the Lakeside
Ecozone Industrial Technology Park, and Toyota Sta. Rosa Special Economic Zone.
The town so to speak is world-class with the presence of multinational companies in

its premier industrial estates. It is regarded as the Automotive Capital of the
Philippines because of the active presence and operation of Toyota Motor
Philippines, Nissan Motor Philippines, Honda Cars Philippines, Star Motor.
Columbian Motors and Ford Motor, among others. The Enchanted Kingdom --the
only world-class theme park in the country--is located in Santa Rosa City as well as
the Santa Elena Golf Club, a premier golf course. There are many first class housing
projects offering accommodation for the middle and upper middle class population.
Recently, the opening of another Ayala Corporation signature project, the NUVALI,
makes Santa Rosa City another pride to the country. Nuvali Evoliving is the largest
self-sustainable eco-friendly community which also houses two multinational ICT-
BPO Companies--Convergys and IBM. The above economic developments have
allowed Santa Rosa City to be recognized by the Department of Science and
Technology as a “Smart City” and to be popularly dubbed the “Investment Capital of
Southern Luzon.” Also, because of the above developments, Santa Rosa rose to
become a first-class municipality in 1993 from its fourth-class status in 1986. Later,
through Republic Act No. 9264 signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Santa
Rose became a component city of the province on July 10, 2004.
The social, environmental and economic costs of rapid urbanization and population
growth, however, are already seen today in Santa Rose City in the form of daily
traffic congestion, prohibitive cost of land acquisition, rapidly vanishing agricultural
areas, sprouting squatter colonies, seasonal unemployment, chemical pollution of
rivers, flash flooding and increasing garbage generation among other problems.
Considering the city’s relatively small area of 5,500 hectares, the existence of cheap,
idle lands is already a thing of the past with the continued influx of space-consuming
1-24
migrants and economic establishments. Thus, the whole spectrum of social,

economic, political, environmental and spatial problems faced by Santa Rosa City
today have to be addressed post-haste by a rationalized urban planning process if it
has to preserve the gains it has already achieved and if it has to harness its
remaining potential towards achieving a sustainable kind of spatio-sectoral
development.
1.3.2 Local Chief Executives of Santa Rosa City
Table 1-16: Santa Rosa City Local Chief Executives
Period Town Executive

1859-1860 Arcadio Arambulo
1890-1894 Francisco Arambulo
1899-1900 Basilio B. Gonzales
1900-1901 Pedro Teaño Perlas
1902-1904 Pablo Monsod Manguerra Sr.
1905-1907 Celerino Castillo Tiongco
1908-1911 Feliciano Arambulo Gomez
1912-1916 Honorio Tiongco
1916-1922 Lorenzo Cartagena Tatlonghari
1922-1925 Jose Vallejo Zavalla
1925-1926 Aquilino Carballo
1926-1928 Felixberto Castro Tiongco
1928-1931 Benito LIjaucodelos Reyes
1931-1937 Hermenegildo Regalado delos Reyes
1938-1940 Celso Gonzaga Carteciano
1941-1942 Valentin Regalado delos Reyes
Japanese Occupation (January 1942-March 6, 1945) – Mayors
were appointed in acting capacity; there were no Vice-Mayors and Councilors
1942-1945 August Jose Alumno Alinsod
1943-1943 December Valentin Regalado delos Reyes
1944 Eduardo de Leon Marcelo
1944-1945 March 6 Angel Z. Tiongco
Commonwealth of the Philippines (1945-1946)
March 7, 1945 Jose Alumno Alinsod
Republic of the Philippines
1946-1947 Francisco Gomez Arambulo, Jr.
1948-1931 Felimon delos Trinos de Guzman
1952-1955 Gervacio Almira de Guzman
1960-1978 Angel Zavalla Tiongco
1978-1987 Cesar Entena Nepomuceno
1987-December 3 Zosimo Baisa Cartaño
1987-1988 February 2 Leo Tiongco Bustamante
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Period Town Executive

1988-1998 Roberto delos Reyes Gonzales
1998-2005 May 10 Leon Catindig Arcillas
2005-2007 Jose B. Catindig, Jr.
2007-2016 Arlene B. Arcillas
Source: Records kept by the City Planning and Development Office and based on
the speech of Judge Carteciano dated July 10, 2005
1.3.3 Demographic Profile
1.3.3.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
The results of the 2015 Census of Population show that the actual population size in
the City of Santa Rosa has reached 353,767 persons, making it the second largest
local government unit in Laguna after Calamba. The 2015 population was 69,097
persons more than the 2010 population of 284,670.
Using the average household size of 4.3 persons per household, it is estimated that
the City of Santa Rosa had 82,271 households as of 2015.
The average annual growth rate of Santa Rosa City for 2010-2015 was 4.22 percent.
This rate is faster than the growth rate of Laguna province, which was 2.47 percent
and the growth rate of CALABARZON region, which was 2.58 percent for the same
intercensal period.
The average growth rate of 6.96 percent for the period 1990-2000 in Santa Rosa is
the highest recorded population growth rate of the city.
Forty years ago, the population of Santa Rosa was only 47,639 persons. This
population size increased more than seven times in the 2015 actual census of
population and housing. The population growth through the years can be attributed to
the favorable economic development brought by the private sector, making Santa
Rosa an alternative location for businesses and residences other than Metropolitan
Manila.
Among the 18 barangays comprising the City of Santa Rosa, the most populous
barangay is Brgy. Pooc with an estimated 2015 population of 35,091 and a projected
2040 population of 42,656 (11.78 percent). The population boom in the barangay is
explained by the establishment of Southville Subdivision (Phase 1-9), a mass
housing project of the National Government for informal settlers in Metro Manila.
The next most populated barangays are: Brgy. Dila (9.51 percent), Brgy. Malitlit (7.81
percent), Brgy. Dita (7.24 percent), and Brgy. Tagapo (7.23 percent).
The least populated is Brgy. Sto.Domingo, with a 1.12 percent share to the projected
total population of Santa Rosa. First class subdivisions and a well-organized
community are located in this barangay. Other less populated barangays are Brgy.
Kanluran (1.52 percent), Brgy. Ibaba (1.59 percent), and Brgy. Malusak (1.85
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percent).
1.3.3.2 Population Distribution
One of the indicators of population distribution is gross population density, which is

expressed as the number of persons per unit of land area, usually in hectares or
square kilometers.
Historically, Santa Rosa had a density of 1,749 and 3,351 persons per square
kilometer of land area in the years 1990 and 2000 respectively. In 2015, Santa Rosa
had a population density of 6,376 persons per square kilometer of land area.
Among the 18 barangays of Santa Rosa, Brgy. Malusak is the densest barangay at
39,097 persons per square kilometer of land area. This barangay also has the
smallest land area of 0.14 square kilometer, with a dominantly residential land use.
On the other hand, Brgy. Santo Domingo is the least dense barangay in the city at
411 persons per square kilometer of land area. This southwest barangay borders
neighboring Silang municipality in Cavite.
Based on the criteria on urban areas, namely, population size and number of
establishments with the required number of employees, all barangays in the City of
Santa Rosa are classified urban.
In terms of population size, majority of the barangays (83 percent) have a population
of 5,000 or more. The rest of the barangays (17 percent) have less than a 5,000
population count. These barangays are Brgy. Ibaba, Brgy. Kanluran, and Brgy.
Sto.Domingo. However, with the presence of NUVALI Solenad 1&2, which are
master-planned communities in Brgy. Sto.Domingo, the strategic location of Brgys.
Ibaba and Kanluran at the heart of Santa Rosa where many fast food chains, 24/7
convenience stores, commercial, retail, and financial establishments are situated,
these barangays satisfy the other requirements of an urban area.
1.3.3.3 Population Composition
a. Sex Ratio
Of the 296,621 estimated population of Santa Rosa in 2013, there was an

almost equal distribution of males (49.6) and females (50.4). The sex ratio in
the city was recorded at 98 males for every 100 females. In general, females
tend to outnumber males as their age advances.
b. Dependency Ratio
The total age dependency ratio of the city was estimated at 48 per hundred
working persons in 2012. This implies that for every 100 individuals in the city,
there are 44 young dependents who are too young to earn a living (infants,
children, and adolescents below 15 years old) and 4 old dependents (aged 65
years old and above) who are presumed not to be economically productive
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anymore.
c. School-Age Population
In 2013, the City of Santa Rosa had a total of 104,130 school-age population,
or those between the ages of seven and twenty-four, inclusive. An increase of
almost 4,000 school-age individuals was recorded for the period 2010 to 2013.
The school-age population comprised 35 percent of the total population of
Santa Rosa.
d. Highest Educational Attainment
In 2013, there were more females (52.3 percent) than males (47.7 percent) who
were college degree holders in the City of Santa Rosa. The majority of the
residents in the city aged 10 years old and over were high school graduates
(38.94 percent), followed by elementary graduates (27.70 percent), and
academic degree holders (12.10 percent). Less than one percent had a post
baccalaureate degree in 2013.
e. Marital Status
About 45 percent of the total population 10 years old and above were married
as of 2013. Those who were not married comprised about 42 percent; the rest
were: common law /living in (7.4 percent), widowed (4.2 percent), divorced (1.7
percent), and unknown (0.2 percent).
f. Projected Population
Assuming that the population growth rate of 4.22% prevails, the total population
of the City of Santa Rosa is expected to reach 434,983 in 2020. It is projected
to reach 534,845 in 2025. By 2030, the city population is projected to reach
657,632.
1.3.4 Geographic Location
1.3.4.1 Location of Santa Rosa City within Laguna Province and the Laguna Lake
Basin
Santa Rosa City specifically lies between 14o12.5’ and 14o20’ north latitude and
between 121o2.5’ and 121o7.5’ east longitude. Like the whole Philippines, it is,
therefore, geographically located in the tropical zone which is generally characterized
as a warm and humid zone which is exposed to the sun’s vertical rays that creates
dynamic processes over the earth’s surface. The tropics is where the trade winds
meet to create the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) that often produces rainfall
and atmospheric disturbances such as tropical cyclones.
Today, with the continuing release of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) into the
atmosphere, the earth’s atmosphere experiences global warming since the solar
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radiation that enters the earth’s atmosphere is increasingly trapped by the GHGs and
consequently creates abnormalities in the earth’s climatic patterns. Thus, we
currently observe the increasing frequency of typhoons, rainfall, droughts, heat
waves, El Niño, La Niña and other atmospheric phenomena. These phenomena can
even result to the occurrence of earth surface hazards such as floods, soil erosion,
siltation and forms of mass wasting such as landslides, solifluction, rockfall, soil
creep, rockslide, slump and mudflow.
We see Santa Rosa City as located in the western part of the Province of Laguna
that partly surrounds Laguna de Bay (Figure 1-1). It is bounded on the northwest by
Biñan, on the southwest by Silang, on the southeast by Cabuyao, and on the
northeast by Laguna Lake. It is also located 40 kilometers south of Metro Manila. It
is part of the Laguna Lake Basin that includes the provinces of Laguna, Cavite,
Batangas and Rizal as well as the Metro Manila region. The basin has actually 24
subwatersheds that surround it and whose rivers empty their water into the lake.
These subwatersheds are mostly denuded of their forest cover, such that the soil
eroded by rainwater is deposited into the lake and in the process making it shallow
and polluted. The lake has currently a general depth of only 2.8 meters and a Class
C water quality that does not allow anymore bathing and water contact sports.
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Figure 1-1
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1.3.4.2 The Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed
The Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed actually includes parts of the territories of

Santa Rosa City, Silang, Biñan City and Cabuyao City (Figure 1-2). The watershed
is mostly accounted for by Santa Rosa City and is drained mainly by Santa Rosa
River and Cabuyao River and whose waters are emptied into Laguna Lake. The
headwaters come from Silang which incidentally has a higher total rainfall compared
to Cabuyao City and the other component cities. The northern ridge of the
subwatershed is located in Silang and Biñan City while the southern ridge is located
in Silang, Santa Rosa City and Cabuyao City.
The watershed has a basin area of 120 square kilometers and accounts for 4.1
percent of the entire watershed of the lake. Four local governments are supposed to
manage the subwatershed through the Integrated Watershed Management Council
for the Silang-Sta. Rosa Subwatershed. The four LGUs that manage the catchment
area and its population of 570,000 residents are the Municipality of Silang, Cavite
(upriver) and the cities of Biñan, Santa Rosa and Cabuyao in Laguna (downriver).
There is a need to emphasize the important role of watershed planning or what the
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) calls the “ridge-to-reef” approach.
It is an approach that the HLURB strongly promotes along with the Climate Change
Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CCA-DRR) mainstreaming approach. The
two approaches are actually related and should be simultaneously observed when
planning the land uses and socioeconomic development of local government units
(LGUs). For instance, when the subwatershed is planned and used based on
ecological and legal requirements of slope gradients, the effects of climate chance
and other natural disasters are either prevented or effectively mitigated. Based on
PD 705 or the Revised Forestry Code, when slopes above 18 percent are put under
regulated tree crop/cover use as in the case of the steep slopes of Silang within the
subwatershed, soil erosion, landslides, siltation and flooding can be mitigated in the
lower slopes of Santa Rosa City and Cabuyao City.
1.3.4.3 Land Use in the Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed and the Role of Southern
LGUs
The rapid change in land uses within the LGUs comprising the watershed can be
traced to the role assigned by the CALABARZON masterplan to the nearby towns
south of Metro Manila, i.e., as the Urban Corridor Management Zone running from
San Pedro City to Los Baños City that will absorb the industrial expansion of the
metropolis and in the process help decongest it. Hence, the southern LGUs of
Laguna and Cavite are now part of what is called Mega-Urban Region (MUR). These
local geographic entities may also be called “new towns” that perform the function of
absorbing the influx of the rural population into the metropolis and in the process help
in decongesting it.
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However, what is currently problematic is that, because of rapid urbanization and

industrialization, a large area of land in the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed--
particularly in the cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan--has been converted to residential,
commercial and industrial uses in the past two decades according to a study cited by
Endo et al. in their 2014 article titled “Participatory Land Use Approach for Integrating
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning.” The
land conversion resulted to a dramatic change in vegetation and impervious surface
cover. The vegetated area of the subwatershed decreased by 21 percent (from
8,509 to 6,700 hectares) from 2000 to 2014, while the impervious area increased by
54 percent (from 3,239 to 4,988 hectares). The intensive land development has
reduced the natural capacity of the watershed to retain water and has, therefore,
resulted to serious flooding, water pollution and water scarcity downstream.
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Figure 1-2
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As Figure 1-2 shows, much of the middle and lower parts of the watershed have
already been cleared for residential and industrial uses and with pockets of
agricultural land remaining. The sizeable idle lands or grasslands are presumed to
have been preempted through land banking for future urban uses. A large
perennially flood-prone area is always seen mainly in Santa Rosa City. Despite this,
it is seen that there are still large areas in Silang covered with broadleaf forest,
coconut and mixed crops. If maintained or even increased, these kinds of land use
can either maintain or lessen flooding in downstream areas. But with more
development expected to occur upriver in Silang and with climate change
expected to intensify rainfall in the region, flooding and related hazards are
likely to be exacerbated. On account of this, there is really a need to activate the
Silang-Santa Rosa Integrated Watershed Management Council and to formulate an
integrated land use plan for the whole watershed.
1.3.5 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision
As mentioned earlier, Santa Rosa is a city in the Province of Laguna that surrounds
the southern part of Laguna de Bay. Its geographical center lies approximately at
12106’ east longitude and 14019’ north latitude. It is actually located on the western
side of the province and also along the western side of the lake (Figure 1-3). The
city, which is a residential-industrial-commercial suburban community of Metro
Manila, lies 38 kilometers south of the metropolis via the South Luzon Expressway.
The city is also the exit point along the expressway in going to Tagaytay City. With
an area of 5,549 hectares as of 2015, Santa Rosa City is located east of Silang,
north of Cabuyao City, west of Laguna Lake and south of Biñan City. With a
population of 353,767 persons as of the 2015 Census of Population, it is the second
largest local government unit in Laguna Province after Calamba City.
Santa Rosa City is classified as a first class component city which attained cityhood
status on July 10, 2004. In 1688, Biñan, together with Barrio Bukol (Santa Rosa
City’s name before separation from Biñan) separated from Cabuyao. After a series
of renaming of barrios to become independent towns, Barrio Bukol was politically
emancipated as the Municipality of Santa Rosa on January 15, 1792. Today the city
is politically divided into 18 barangays, namely: Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita,
Don Jose, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malitlit, Malusok, Market Area, Pulong
Santa Cruz, Pooc, Sinalhan, Sto. Domingo and (Figure 1-3), Tagapo. The biggest
barangay is Don Jose in the southern section of the city while the smallest is Malusak
in the northern section. It is observed that barangays in the northern section. It is
observed that barangays in the northern half of the city are smaller in size while
those in the southern half have bigger areas. The northern barangays are also the
other ones and that contain the Government District of the city which includes the
institutional establishments of the New City Hall, Old City Hall, Qusaling Batasan,
Manpower Training Center, PNP Office, City Jail, Five Department, CDRRMC,
Agricultural Department, City Museum and Tourism Department, City Health Office I
and Community Hospital.
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Figure 1-3
1-35
The small adjacent barangays of Kanluran, Malusak and Market Area constitute the
Poblacion of the City. It may be mentioned that are some unclear barangay territorial
boundaries that have yet to be resolved.
1.3.6 Physical Features and Environmental Condition
1.3.6.1 Geography and Location
Santa Rosa City, Laguna is located within 121º6' latitude and 14.19' longitude, 40
kilometers south of Manila. It is bounded on the northwest by Biñan, on the
southwest by Cabuyao and on the west by the province of Cavite. Bordering the
northeast is Laguna de Bay.
The City of Santa Rosa is linked to Metro Manila and other southern provinces by the
South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), the Manila South Road and the Philippine National
Railroad South line. From the SLEX interchange, the City of Santa Rosa can be
accessed through a national road leading to the adjacent municipality of Silang,
Cavite.
1.3.6.2 Topography
Santa Rosa City covers a total land area of 5,543 hectares. It is almost entirely plain
with 97.89 percent of its total land area having slopes ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 percent
indicating level to nearly level lands. Only about 114 hectares or 2.06 percent of the
total land area of the city is subject to erosion.
1.3.6.3 Slope /Soil Erosion
Being primarily flat, the lands of Santa Rosa City are subject to none to slight
erosion. There are three types of terrain in the city.
a. Level to nearly level
These are areas with slopes ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 percent and are ideal for
development. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Market Area, Kaingin, Ibaba,
Malusak, Tagapo, Kanluran, Labas, Pooc, Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita
are in these areas.
b. Undulating to rolling terrain
Areas characterized by slopes of 5.0 to 18.0 percent. Barangays Pulong Santa

Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit and Sto. Domingo have undulating to rolling terrain.
c. Rolling to moderately steep
Only the southwestern portion of Sto. Domingo has rolling to moderately steep
slope.
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1.3.6.4 Geology
a. Rock Formation
Two types of rock are found in Santa Rosa: clastic and alluvium rocks. Clastic
rocks consist of interbedded shale and sandstone with occasional thin lenses
of limestone, as well as tuff and reworked sandy tuffs and partly tuffaceous
shale. These formations are located in the southwestern portion of the city
where Sto. Domingo, Don Jose, and portions of Pulong Sta. Cruz and Malitlit
are situated. Alluvium rocks are found in the remainder of the city including
the Poblacion. These rocks consist of an unconsolidated mixture of gravel,
sand, silt and clay.
b. Soils
Santa Rosa City has four series of soil types. In order of decreasing quantity,
these are: Lipa series, Guadalupe series, Carmona series, and Quingus series.
The Lipa soils span deep as they provide moderately well to well drainage
capabilities. The terrain is characteristically undulating to rolling. Both the
estimated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rates are moderate. Specific to
the city is the Lipa loam type of soil, which has the best physical characteristics
among the soil types found in the Province of Laguna. Sugar cane, fruit trees,
upland rice and vegetables thrive in this type of soil. Lipa loam is found in
Brgys. Malitlit, Don Jose, Sto. Domingo, Pulong, Sta. Cruz and the southern
portion of Dita.
As a surface layer, the Guadalupe series is very dark brown to nearly black in
color with an average depth of 20 centimeters. The undisturbed soil is hard and
compact and bakes easily when dry. When cultivated, the soil becomes plastic
and sticky when wet. When dry, it is coarse, granular and cloddy. The
Guadalupe series covers about 1,296 hectares or 23.38 percent of the city’s
total land area This soil type can be found in Brgys. Dita, Pooc, Labas, Tagapo,
Balibago, Market Area, Caingin and in the adjacent portions of Macabling,
Pulong Sta. Cruz, Dita, Malusak, Kanluran and Ibaba. Soils of this type are best
suited for sugar cane.
Carmona series soils are derived from the weathered product of volcanic tuff
material. Generally, this series of soils is shallow to moderately deep and
occurrs in rolling to strongly rolling contours subjected to alluvial erosion.
Drainage properties are poor as hydraulic conductivity is moderately slow. In
Santa Rosa, there are two soil types within the Carmona series. These are
Carmona clay loam and Carmona sandy loam. The Carmona Series covers 217
hectares or 3.92 percent of the city’s land area along the western edge of
Brgys. Sto. Domingo and the western portion of Macabling. Soils of this type
are suited for rice, sugar cane, corn, sweet potatoes, bananas and various
kinds of vegetables.
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Quingus series is generally very deep. The well-drained soils occur on level to
nearly level terrain as well as on river levees of the alluvial landscape. Hydraulic
conductivity is moderately slow as the basic infiltration rate is moderate.
Quingus series, specifically the Quinga fine sandy loam type of soil covers 2.34
hectares of land along the lakeshore in Brgys. Sinalhan and Aplaya and in
portions of Tagapo, Ibaba, Malusak, Market Area and Caingin. This type of soil
is one of the most productive in Laguna Province where a variety of crops,
especially vegetables, can be grown profitably.
c. Landforms
Three categories of land formation constitute the area of Santa Rosa City.
These are the lacustrine alluvial plains, broad alluvial plains, and the undulating
tuffaceous plains. The lacustrine alluvial plains are along the lakeshore areas.
Fluctuations of lake waters along this edge of the municipality have influenced
its land formation and vegetative cover. Situated along the lakeshore are
Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin. Portions of the Market Area and Ibaba
are considered lacustrine as well.
The broad plains consist of higher and more stable flood plains on level to
nearly level terrain formed by alluviation. The soils are moderately well-
drained. Majority of the barangays, including the Poblacion, can be found here.
These include Brgys. Tagapo, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Dila, Dita, Pooc and
portions of the Market Area, Ibaba, Pulong Sta. Cruz, Malitlit and the lakeside
barangays.
The undulating tuffaceous plains are moderately dissected piedmont plains with
the topography being undulating to rolling. Steep side slopes may be found
along dissections and rivers. Such a formation is found in Brgys. Don Jose and
Sto. Domingo, along with portions of Pulong Sta. Cruz and Malitlit.
1.3.6.5 Surface Water (Rivers, Lakes, and Springs)
a. Santa Rosa River
The city is principally drained by the Santa Rosa River, Diezmo River and
Cabuyao River which all flow from the mountainous area of Silang, Cavite
towards Laguna de Bay. Water flowing in the Santa Rosa River comes from the
watersheds of neighboring Cavite. The river acts as a natural boundary with the
City of Biñan before it drains into Laguna de Bay. The DENR categorizes the
river as class C, meaning it is only suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreation
and extraction for industrial uses. Serving as natural boundaries between Santa
Rosa and Cabuyao are the Diezmo River and Cabuyao River.
Easements of 3-4 meters from both sides throughout the entire length of any
river are considered environmentally critical and are subject to easement for
public use for recreation and fishing, among others.
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b. Laguna Lake
Santa Rosa City is located in the western part of Laguna de Bay, the largest
lake in the Philippines and also referred to as Laguna Lake. The lake has a total
surface area of 90,000 hectares, an average depth of 2.8 meters, and a total
volume of 3.2 billion cubic meters. There are 21 tributaries contributing to the
lake and among these are the rivers of Santa Rosa City. Residents living in the
lakeside areas of the city rely on fishing for sustenance and profit.
The lake water is only suitable for aquaculture, fisheries, recreational activities
and industrial uses. Although the lake is naturally scenic and highly productive,
it is polluted as a result of human activities in the watershed whose wastage is
carried through tributaries or directly into the lake. For example, the discharged
raw sewage into waterways is transported to the lake, thus contributing to
excessive ammonia pollution, a cause of fish kills.
1.3.6.6 Surface Water Quality
a. Groundwater
Due to the good water-bearing capabilities of the alluvium and clastic rocks
underlain in Santa Rosa City, groundwater resources are accessible. Most of
the areas in the city (except the lakeshore barangays) such as Brgys. Pulong
Sta. Cruz, Malitlit, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo, can utilize potentially high
yielding wells. Areas in Pulong Sta. Cruz, Malitlit Don Jose and Sto. Domingo
need to dig deeper wells to access groundwater.
However, saltwater intrusion can happen when waters from Manila Bay are
flushed into the lake and lakeshore communities exceed the safe yield limits of
their aquifers.
b. Groundwater Quality
In 2009 the local government of Santa Rosa City, in cooperation with Coca
Cola Foundation and World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)-Philippines,
conducted a well head assessment project to assess the condition of well
heads and the immediate vicinity of public wells which are used for drinking,
and to recommend mitigation measures to reduce health risks and
contamination of the aquifer system. This project was a preliminary effort to
ensure the sustainability of the groundwater resource in Santa Rosa City.
The full inventory of wells has identified a total of 1,866 communal wells in 18
barangays. Among these wells, about 1,104, have been used for drinking
purposes by around 8,465 families. Majority of these wells are located in Brgys.
Aplaya, Caingin and Sinalhan. The shallowest wells are also located in these
lakeshore barangays, indicating the proximity of groundwater to the surface
water areas. Seventy-seven (77) wells were selected for sampling and potability
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test for total coliform. Out of the 77 wells, 26 wells tested positive for total
coliform and from this number, about 12 wells were found to be positive to fecal
coliform (Escherichia coli or E. coli). The study identified possible sources of
total and fecal coliform in groundwater such as agricultural runoff, effluent from
septic tank systems or sewage discharges, and infiltration of domestic or animal
fecal matter. Fecal coliform in deepwell water suggests recent groundwater
contamination (or the aquifer system) from sewage or from animal waste.
The study has also identified seven possible cases of unfavorable physical
conditions within the immediate well area which have contributed to the
contamination of aquifer, and these include: (1) submerged well base; (2) well
near canals and waterways; (3) cracked well concrete base; (4) absence of a
concrete base or concrete pedestal; (5) well located on top of canal or
waterway; (6) poor condition of casing, pump assembly/parts; and (7) proximity
to and location down gradient of toilet or septic tank. These conditions are
aggravated by flooding and the regular use of the well area for washing and
bathing, all of which facilitate entry of contaminated water into the aquifer
through the well casings or openings on the ground.
Among the 18 barangays, the wells used for drinking in the lakeshore
barangays of Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin would be most vulnerable to water
contamination due to floods in these areas.
1.3.6.7 Climate
The climate of the area is characterised by two pronounced seasons--dry from

November to April and wet for the rest of the year.
a. Temperature and Humidity
The mean annual temperature is 27.6ºC and is relatively cool due to the site’s
elevation and favorable airshed condition. The warmest month is May with an
average of 30.0ºC while the coolest month is January with an average
temperature of 25.0ºC.
The average relative humidity, a measure of the moisture content of the

atmosphere, is 80 percent in Santa Rosa City. This makes the city fairly cooler
than the Metropolitan Manila area where average relative humidity exceeds 81
percent.
b. Wind Speed and Direction
Northeasterly winds prevail during the months of October through February.

Winds come from the southeast during March and April. Southerly winds prevail
during May while southwesterly winds prevail from June through September.
The average speed of winds is 5 kilometers per hour.
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c. Rainfall and Rainfall Intensity
The annual average rainfall is about 1,950 millimetres. The maximum rainfall
occurs in October while minimum rainfall is gauged at 2 millimeters. Though the
municipality is located in a region subject to typhoons, Santa Rosa City is
hardly affected due to protection from the outlying mountain areas.
d. Air Quality
The city has not yet formulated an Air Quality Management Framework. The
CENRO plans to prepare an air quality management action plan to address air
pollution problems, reduce emission of air pollutants from stationary and mobile
sources, and protect the health of its people.
1.3.6.8 Waste Management
a. Solid Waste
Based on the city’s Environment Code (City Ordinance No.1720-2011), “solid

wastes” refer to all discarded household, commercial wastes, non-hazardous
institutional and industrial wastes, street sweepings, construction debris,
agricultural wastes, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid wastes. Increasing
economic (production and consumption) activities enhance the generation of
solid wastes in any given community.
The city, through its CENRO, has formulated the Comprehensive Ecological
Solid Waste Management Plan 2016-2025 to effectively manage the reduction
and disposal of solid waste in the city. The plan provides information on the
characteristics and sources of waste, volume of waste generated in the city,
practices in source reduction and programs on solid waste management.
b. Volume and Characteristics of Solid Waste
The estimated volume of waste generated in the city in 2015 is about 246,570
kilograms per day. An estimated 62 percent of the total wastes generated are
biodegradable, 20 percent are residual wastes, 17 percent are recyclable
wastes and about 1 percent is special or hazardous waste. Household waste
contributes to about 65 percent of the solid waste generation in the City, while
35 percent of the wastes come from non-household sources.
The estimated volume of waste generated from household sources is about

161,323 kilograms per day. About 53.6 percent (86,470 kilograms) of the total
household wastes are biodegradable wastes; 20.59 percent (33,222 kilograms)
are recyclable wastes; 25.55 percent (41,219 kg) are residuals; and only 0.26
percent (413 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes.
Non-household wastes include wastes from commercial and institutional

sources. The estimated volume of waste generated from non-household
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sources is about 85,246.4 kilograms per day. Of this total volume, about 79
percent (67,083.64 kilograms) are biodegradable wastes; 11 percent (9,404.93
kilograms) are recyclable wastes; 8 percent (7,024.58 kilograms) are residual
wastes and 2 percent (1,733.24 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes.
c. Liquid Wastes
The entire city lacks wastewater treatment facilities. The wastes are discharged
into surface waters like rivers, creeks and to Laguna Lake. Consequently,
liquid wastes from the city contribute to the unfavorable Class C status of
Laguna Lake.
1.3.6.9 Geologic Hazards
a. Flood
The floodplains of the city comprise a total area of 302 hectares. Situated in this
zone are Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin, and portions of Tagapo, Ibaba,
Labas, Pooc, Dila and Dita.
Slight seasonal runoff flooding is characterized by accumulated shallow run-off

flood, which subsides within a short period ranging from a few hours to three (3)
days. This occurs in low to moderately low flood plains situated in Brgys.
Kanluran, Malusak and Ibaba. Floods in these areas are due to runoff
accumulation coming from surrounding elevated areas, low physiographic
positions, poor infiltration, permeability characteristics and drain ability outlet.
Moderate seasonal flooding is characterized by more frequent and deeper run-

off water. It takes a week to a few months for water to subside. This condition
is observed along the lakeshore in Brgys. Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan and in
the adjacent northeastern portion of Brgys. Ibaba, Market Area and Tagapo.
These areas serve as the catchment of water coming from the upland areas
and are characterised by poor drain ability outlets and very low infiltration and
hydraulic conductivity.
When flash flood occurs, many areas in the city can be potentially affected.
These include Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak,
Kanluran, Labas, Tagapo, Pooc, Macabling, Balibago, Dila, Dita and Pulong
Sta. Cruz. Among these areas, lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Aplaya and
Caingin are most vulnerable to flash floods and could submerge in floodwaters
from Laguna de Bay.
b. Earthquake
The Province of Laguna can be affected by earthquakes given the presence of

the West Valley Fault which traverses a north-south direction. The fault is
disrupted by a number of minor steep faults along its course that is reflective of
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the volcanic activity relative to the area. Earthquake is a hazard in Santa Rosa
as the West Valley Fault traverses Brgy. Sto. Domingo.
c. Liquefaction
Several areas in the city are susceptible to liquefaction. According to the US

Geological Survey (USGS), “liquefaction takes place when loosely packed,
water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in
response to strong ground shaking.” This can cause major damage in buildings
and other structures during earthquakes. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area,
Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction.
Brgys. Tagapo and Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while
Pooc has moderate to high susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility to
liquefaction include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago, Dila and Dita.
1.3.7 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends
1.3.7.1 Areal Distribution of Existing Land Uses of Santa Rosa City’s Total Land
Area of 5,552 Hectares
The existing land uses according to their areal extent are as follows: residential
(40.51%), idle (24.54%), agricultural (11.97%), industrial (10.17%), tourism (4.03%,
infrastructure (3.83%), commercial (2.73%), institutional (0.90%), cemetery (0.54%),
waterways (0.47%), and pond (0.32%) (Figure 1-4). Thus, it is seen that residential
land use dominates the spatial extent of the city, i.e, with two-fifths of the city being
devoted to high-, medium- and low-density housing establishments. Significantly,
around one-fourth of the city is indicated as idle in its relatively less accessible
southern section. A tenth of the city is still holding out as agricultural ricelands in its
northern half. The industrial land use category is also significant, i.e., occupying
around one-tenth of the city’s areal extent. The industrial district has establishments
ranging from light to medium and heavy industries.
1.3.7.2 Characteristics and Locations of Different Land Use Categories
It may be observed on the existing land use map that, in the case of residential
areas, these are spread all over the city, with the densest and contiguous
distributions being seen in the northern half of the city. Located here are high- and
medium-density subdivisions that were attracted by the accessibility provided by the
Old National Highway. Located here also are the pockets of informal settlements
such as those near the Market Area. There are also squatter settlements in
southern tip of the city. In the northern half of the city, First Class B and First Class C
subdivisions are also seen. Furthermore, interspersed with the First Class
subdivisions are the Second Class, Third Class and Fourth Class subdivisions which
have relatively smaller sizes.
Notable in the Santa Rosa City landscape is the fairly large extent of existing
agricultural and idle land uses covering one-fourth of the city area. This land use
type is concentrated in the more elevated and sloping southern barangays of Malitlit,
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Don Jose and Santo Domingo. Being far from the major transportation arteries, the
lands here are last to be developed; however, being alienable and disposable, they
are presumed to have already been preempted for urban use in the near future. As
such; they have remained under grassland without being used for agriculture. In the
case of agricultural areas, these are still significant in extent, covering around one-
tenth of the city area. These are mainly patches of ricelands that are still maintained
as the original land use in the city when it was still mainly a rural town before the
advent of urbanization in the CALABARZON region. These will most likely give way
to urban land uses in the near future when maintaining them would no longer be
economically feasible in a fast-urbanizing city like Santa Rosa.
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Figure 1-4
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The industrial areas are mostly located in the southwestern sector of the city along
the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, although there are also smaller industrial sites
between the South Luzon Expressway and the Old National Highway. There are at
least 89 industrial locators in Santa Rosa City and these cover the whole range of
light, medium and heavy industries. Worth mentioning are the notable Eco Zones
which are highly developed selected areas or which have the potential to be
developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist, recreational, commercial, banking,
investment and financial centers whose metes and bounds are fixed or delimited by
Presidential Proclamations. It may be observed that the location of these industries,
like that of the First Class A subdivisions, have been made viable by the accessibility
provided by the South Luzon Expressway as well as by the proximity of the city to
Metro Manila.
The tourism areas are mostly located in the southern part of the city where spaces
are still available for green areas and nature parks such as Eton City, Greenfield
Development Corporation and Nuvali. Notable recreational-amusement areas are
the Santa Elena Golf Club Inc., Country Club Development Corp., Cuartel de Santo
Domingo and Lakeside Evozone Nuvali. Located in the middle of the city beside
South Luzon Expressway is the popular Enchanted Kingdom amusement park.
Resorts abound in the north and also located here along the Brgy. Aplaya Road
beside Laguna de Bay is the Aplaya de Santa Rosa Waterfront and Eco-Tourism
Zone which capitalizes on the ambiance afforded by the lacustrine environment. The
cultural-historical district in the Poblacion constitutes another group of tourist
attractions in Santa Rosa City.
The infrastructural land use is accounted for mainly by the road and railroad transport
systems that would include the bridges and the terminals for buses, jeeps, tricycles,
vans and water crafts. The roads include the major roads, city and subdivision roads
and provincial roads. The major roads include the South Luzon Expressway, Old
National Highway, Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, San Lorenzo Blvd., Greenfield
Parkway, United Blvd. and Nuvali Main and Spine. Both the city and provincial roads
are located in the north. The bridges that traverse the rivers and creeks are located
in the north. The bus and van terminals are located in the same two places--one in
the north near the junction of the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road and the Old National
Highway and one in the south identified as the Nuvali Transport Terminal. There are
five jeep terminals and four are located in the north while one is found in the south
within the Nuvali Transport Terminal. There are around 28 tricycle terminals, with the
majority being located in the north while five may be seen south of the South Luzon
Expressway. Further seen in the north is the old Manila Rail Road that connects to
the Tutuban Station in Manila. With regard to water supply, water source sites are
seen in the northern part of the city. There are seven deep well facilities in the
northern part of the city. A water reservoir facility is found in the more elevated
southern part of the city in Brgy. Don Jose.
The communications sub-sectoral component of the infrastructure sector constitutes

a major feature of the city landscape. Around 44 CCTV units are strung along major
roads, with most of them located in the populated areas north of South Luzon
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Expressway. Thirteen telecom towers or cell sites are particularly strung along the
Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, J.P. Rizal Blvd. and the Old National Highway. Two
landline telephone service centers and three wireless services are seen in the city.
Postal services are still provided by the Santa Rosa City Post Office. With regard to
the power sub-sector, Meralco maintains two electric power substations and three
power transmission towers.
Commercial land uses assume linear or corridor patterns in the city. In the old
northern sector of the city, business establishments are seen strong along J.P. Rizal
Blvd. Another concentration of commercial establishments is seen nearby along the
Old National Road. The third commercial strip is seen along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay
Road just below the South Luzon Expressway. There is also a Commercial-Retail-
Hawkers District in the northern part of the city. All these simply show the growing
and large market capacity of Santa Rosa City.
Another indication of the city’s large local economy is the existence of a Banking-
Financial Services District along J.P. Rizal Boulevard that stretches from Brgy.
Tagapo to Poblacion. There is another Banking-Financial Services District located
along the Manila South Road from Brgys. Macabling to Balibago. There is a Small
Fisheries District at the lakeshore end of Tatlong Hari St. and F. Gomez St. where
some resident culture fish like tilapia and bangus.
With regard to institutional land uses, there is a Government District in Santa Rosa
City that is concentrated in Brgy. Market Area and contains most of the institutional
establishments in the city. All the 18 barangays in the city have relatively large and
well-appointed barangay halls that are designed to serve their respective
constituencies well.
There are around 18 public elementary schools in the city, with each barangay
having one school while there are seven National High Schools in the City. They are
particularly spread all over the city to be accessible to the student population. There
are even tertiary institutions in the study area and there is also a University Belt-
Academy District. There are many private schools spread all over the city and these
are mostly those offering lower levels of education, i.e., from day care facilities to
nursery and kindergarten schools. Thus, all of the schools mentioned above
demonstrate the strength of the city as a major center for educational services in the
CALABARZON region.
In terms of health service in the city, each of the 18 barangays has a health center
that is conveniently located for accessibility to the local residents. There are two
health offices that supervise the different health centers. There are 37 small and
private city clinics spread over the city. As with the schools, the above health
facilities show Sta. Rosa City as strong central area for health services in the
CALABARZON region.
With regard to protective services, Santa Rosa City has six Police Community
Precincts (PCP), a Bureau of Fire Protection Office, a Management and Penology
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Center and PNP Sta. Rosa Headquarters. There is a special rescue unit located in
Brgy. Market Area that can respond to emergencies from 1 to 5 kilometers away. A
Fire Station is located in Brgy. Market Area while Volunteer Fire Brigades can be
seen in three barangays. Firefighting equipment are provided by private companies
and there are around 22 fire hydrants distributed mostly north of the South Luzon
Expressway and in the more densely built sections of the city.
In the case of special land uses, there are nine cemeteries located in the northern
half of the city, with most being privately owned facilities and are either Catholic or
Aglipay cemeteries. The New Cemetery Extension in Brgy. Dita is actually a coffin
crypt depository measuring 1,859 sq.m. and a bone depository measuring 481 sq.m.
This burial extension facility has a 2-km diameter buffer and in the periphery of this
buffer zone may be seen some hospitals.
The waterways and ponds that occupy 0.79 percent of the city area include the
rivers, canals and creeks that either bound or cut through the city. The Santa Rosa
River, which is the longest river in the city, acts as the boundary on the west with the
City of Biñan. In the southeast, a river acts as the boundary with Silang, Cavite. In
the mid-eastern section part of the city, the Cabuyao River and Tiway-Tiway River
serve as the boundaries with the City of Cabuyao. In the northern part may be seen
the Tagapo NIA (National Irrigation Authority) Canal and the NIA Canal Balibago.
Running through the southern mid-section of the city is the Malitlit River and flowing
parallel to it is the Petang Creek. In the southern end of the city flow the shorter
Malanding, Lumbia and Dicamo rivers. The rivers and the creeks all tend to flow
northward toward Laguna de Bay.
There is a pond in the middle part of the city in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz beside the
South Luzon Expressway that catches rainwater coming from the uplands and is
actually part of the landscaping component of the Eton City residential estate. There
are also two small ponds in Brgy. Santo Domingo that are designed to enhance the
ambiance of first class subdivisions.
During the last 35 years, i.e., from 1980 to 2015, the urbanization rate in Santa Rosa
City has been very rapid as shown by the fast changes in urban and rural land uses.
The general pattern is that, on one hand, the urban land uses (residential,
commercial, institutional, industrial, infrastructural) have tended to increase. On the
other hand, the rural land uses (agricultural, idle) have tended to decrease, i.e., have
tended to be converted to urban land uses.
1.3.7.3 Land Use Trends
a. Land Use Increases
Among the urban land uses, the residential land use has accounted for the
greatest increase, i.e., from 6.29 percent (341 hectares) for 1980 to 40.51
percent (2,247 hectares) in 2015 of the city area (Table 1-17). Next in extent of
land use change would be industrial land use which has jumped from 1.88
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percent (102 hectares) in 1980 to 10.17 percent (564 hectares) in 2005 of the
city area. Infrastructural land use comes next in land use change, i.e., from 1.73
percent (94 hectares) in 1980 to 3.83 percent (212 hectares) in 2015 of the city
area. The land use change in this sector is mainly accounted for by the
transportation sub-sector's continuing road expansion mode all over the city.
The commercial land use follows the related industrial land use in its increasing
coverage, i.e., it has been steadily increasing from 0.3 percent (16 hectares) in
1980 to 2.73 percent (151 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. The institutional
land use has likewise been increasing although the hectarage is not as large as
the other land uses cited above; thus, there is an increase of 0.4 percent (16
hectares) in 1980 to 40.51 percent (151 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. The
special land use of cemeteries has increased with increase of the population of
the city, starting from 0.08 percent (4 hectares) in 1980 to 0.54 percent (30
hectares) in 2015 in the city. The waterways and ponds taken together have
increased from 0.48 percent (26 hectares) in 1980 to 0.79 percent (44 hectares)
in 2015 of the city area. These are actually part of the mixed-use urban land
developments in the city.
Table 1-17: Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015
Increase (+)/
Land uses 1980 2000 2010 2015
Decrease (-)
% Has. % Has. % Has. % Has.
Residential 6.29 341 21.61 1,197 31.87 1,768 40.51 2,247 +
Commercial 0.3 16 1.54 85 2.27 126 2.73 151 +
Institutional 0.4 22 0.72 40 0.8 44 0.9 50 +
Industrial 1.88 102 9.78 542 10.13 562 10.17 564 +
Agricultural 86.57 4688 26.38 1,461 14.34 796 11.97 664 -
Tourism 0.01 1 4.34 240 4.34 241 4.03 224 -
Cemetery 0.08 4 0.4 22 0.54 30 0.54 30 +
Idle 2.25 122 31.61 1,751 31.13 1,727 24.54 1,361 -
Infrastructure 1.73 94 3.11 172 3.79 210 3.83 212 +
Waterways 0.48 26 0.46 25 0.47 26 0.47 26 +
Pond 0.05 3 0.32 18 0.32 18 +
TOTAL 100.00 5414 100.0 5,539 100.0 5,548 100.0 5,549
Source: http://santarosacity.gov.ph./?page_id=267
b. Land Use Decreases
Based on a comparison of the 1980 (Figure 1-5) and 2015 land use maps,
tourism land use, although it occupied only 0.01 percent (1 hectare) of the city
in 1980, had abruptly increased to 4.34 percent (240 hectares) in 2000.
However, in 2015 the land use category somewhat decreased to 4.03 percent
(224 hectares) and the change could most likely be traced to the conversion of
part of the land to more profitable urban land uses. The agricultural land use
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category shows the most drastic decrease within the 35-year period, i.e.,
occupying 86.57 percent (4,688 hectares) in 1980 and significantly decreasing
to 11.97 percent (664 hectares) in 2015 of the city area. This clearly indicates
the rapidly urbanizing character of Santa Rosa City that is marked by the
conversion of farmlands to urban uses or to their highest and best use. In the
case of idle lands that are currently under grass growth, it used to occupy only
2.25 percent (122 hectares) of the city area in 1980; however, in 2000 it
abruptly increased to 31.61 percent (1,751 hectares) This indicates that during
the 20-year span, land banking had continuously occurred in terms of
agricultural land having been bought and reserved for urban use in the near
future. After 2000, agricultural land was steadily converted to urban uses as
shown by the sizable decrease to 14.34 percent (796 hectares) in 2010. Then
within the five-year period up to 2015, farmlands were further reduced to 11.97
percent (664 hectares), indicating a continuous conversion to industrial,
commercial and residential land uses in a fast-developing city like Santa Rosa.
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Figure 1-5
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1.3.8 Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities
1.3.8.1 Water Supply
An estimated 94 percent of the total households in Santa Rosa City have access to
safe drinking water as of 2013. Of those who have access, 65 percent are served by
Level I and 35 percent by Level III systems. There are no households with access to
Level II water. One key issue identified in the provision of water supply is the high
level of groundwater extraction. Based on the available 1998 data, groundwater
extraction has already reached 60 percent of the safe groundwater yield. Santa Rosa
City has 110 groundwater permits (domestic, commercial, industrial, and irrigation,
municipal) with a total extraction of 1,431.616 liters per second (lps). The specific
capacity of the wells within the vicinity of Santa Rosa City ranges from 1 to 30 liters
per second per meter (l/s/m).
To augment the water supply in the area, the following projects proposed in the
2000-2015 land use plan are likewise recommended:
a. Level III Water Supply
This includes the development of new water sources (mainly deep wells),
storage facilities, pump stations, transmission and distribution lines, and
rehabilitation of existing facilities. The estimated additional service population
is about 22,000 in the short-term, 46,000 in the medium-term, and 42,000 in the
long-term.
b. Bulk Water Supply
In the long-term, the development of water sources (deep well fields and/or
surface water sources), treatment plants, storage facilities, and transmission
lines is recommended. A bulk water project in the bay area is expected to serve
not only Santa Rosa City, but adjoining towns as well, and a significant
percentage of revenues would come from industrial estates/firms.
c. Groundwater Use Metering/Monitoring Program (refer to CLMDS Project IF-2)
This project is proposed to monitor the level of extraction of groundwater,

hence, prevent saltwater intrusion. This would involve inter-local co-operation
and the conduct of groundwater baseline studies as well as the development of
a water use regulation program.
1.3.8.2 Sewerage and Sanitation
An estimated 93 percent of total households have private sanitary toilets and

complete sanitation facilities. However, with the exception of industrial estates, there
is no sewerage system in Santa Rosa City. Direct disposal of domestic wastewater
through soil percolation or through drainage canals or directly to surface water bodies
can contribute to the deterioration of creeks, rivers and the Laguna Lake. Hence, to
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avoid contamination of water bodies and reduce health risks, the following projects
proposed in the 2000-2015 plan are likewise recommended:
a. Septage Treatment Plant Development
A septage treatment plant could be put up solely for Santa Rosa City, but a
bigger capacity plant could be constructed to cater to several towns. This shall
be implemented by the local government(s) and should be undertaken in the
short-term.
b. Community Sewerage System
This includes the construction of a domestic sewage collection system and

sewage treatment plants. Target areas will be the Urban Redevelopment and
Growth Management Areas. This long-term project will help in the reduction of
pollution loads that cause deterioration of rivers and creeks as well as the
Laguna de Bay.
1.3.8.3 Solid Waste Disposal System
In 2013, the number of households with satisfactory garbage disposal was estimated
to be around 95 percent, a slight decline from the 2011 figure of 98 percent. This is
considered to be an outstanding rate of solid waste disposal at the household level.
However, to improve collection in the local areas, two projects are recommended:
a. Study on the Optimum Locations of Solid Waste MRF and Collection Stations
The study seeks to determine the optimal locations of MRF vis-à-vis the
barangay(s) served to encourage the citizens to undertake proper segregation
at the household level. This is to be followed through with the construction of
the MRF and collection stations, proposed as another project.
1.3.8.4 Flood Control and Drainage
The main receiving bodies of water for stormwater run-off in the city are the Santa
Rosa River at the western boundary, the Diezmo and Cabuyao rivers at the eastern
side, and the Laguna de Bay. A system of storm drainage systems in the urban
areas, residential areas and industrial estates convey runoff to these natural water
bodies. However, it was revealed in the 2010 Site Investigation/Engineering Study for
a Flood Control, Combined Drainage Sewerage System for the Santa Rosa Basin
Project Interim Report that the existing drainage system in the 18 barangays of Santa
Rosa City is a combination of circular pipe and rectangular channel. Most of the
system is closed and about 90 percent is pipe. Based on the study, it reveals that
most of the drainage structure are either insufficient to catch surface run-off due to
structures that are damaged. This condition, coupled with encroachment of informal
settlers along river banks, results to flooding in the low-lying areas. An area of around
50 hectares within the Diezmo River Irrigation System is prone to flooding. It is
further estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by 22
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percent in 2025, reckoned from the 2014 level, if the current urban development
scenario is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180
hectares of flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. To address this issue,
several projects are proposed:
a. Santa Rosa Integrated Flood and Drainage System Masterplan
This involves the preparation of a plan that shall provide a comprehensive

evaluation of the efficiency of the existing flood-mitigation infrastructure in place
and the recommendation of an integrated system design. This is to be followed-
through by the project titled Construction of Santa Rosa Integrated Flood and
Drainage System.
b. Irrigation
One factor that contributes to the declining cultivation of agricultural lands is the
lack of irrigation. As of 2013, there is only one antiquated irrigation facility,
rehabilitated in 2010, in Santa Rosa City. To provide additional source of
irrigation water, it is proposed that detention ponds be constructed in strategic
places in Santa Rosa. The ponds can double up as retention areas during
heavy precipitation.
1.3.8.5 Transportation/Road Network
Based on the situational analysis gleaned from the Sectoral Analysis Workshop
Output conducted as part of the Sectoral Situational Analysis and Planning activity
for the updating of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for 2012-2022
conducted last September 18, 2012, the observations of issues and concerns related
to the transportation sector were identified, along with their implications or effects
(Table 1-18). Possible interventions were also identified, in the same forum.
While these observations may be considered valid descriptions of the situation at that
time, the manner of analysis emphasizes the non-implementation of specific
“solutions”, which appear to remain largely unimplemented. At the same time, the
above observations do not address the cause of the increase in traffic volumes,
which are rooted in the shift in land use types to greater density and greater traffic
generation. It is important to consider that capacity in the road network, or the
transportation at large, has not kept pace with the increase in traffic. While the
shorter-term goal should be the alleviation of congestion through the increase in
capacity of the transportation system, it is necessary to increase awareness among
the decision-makers and the general public that this will not be sustainable if reliance
on private motor vehicles is encouraged. Instead, the thrust in the increase of
capacity of the transportation system should emphasize public transport and forms of
private mobility that take up less road space (such as bicycles or walking), but this
will still have to be supported by a general increase in road network capacity.
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In the CLUP 2000 to 2015, for the “roads and transport” sector, the major thrust was
set as the development of additional road links that will provide the needed transport
infrastructure support in realizing the vision for the municipality (Figures 1-6 and 1-7).
In view of the planned industrialization, wider roads and better traffic management
schemes will have to be put in place.
1.3.8.6 Electric Power
Although the existing structure of MERALCO as the power distributor is deemed

equal to the required service provision in the area, it is important that alternative
sources of electricity be developed to reduce the use of fuel generators during power
interruptions.
1.3.8.7 Telecommunications
Santa Rosa City is telecom-ready with the availability of telecommunications

services, specifically fixed landline telephone, cellular/mobile telephone and
broadband carriers. Internet Service Providers (ISP) is powered by fiber optic cable
network infrastructure and wireless technology. However, two key issues were
identified during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop: 1) unreliable access to the
internet of government centers which hamper efficiency for conducting business; 2)
unreliable communications due to intermittent mobile phone signals within the city
and the use of non-fiber optic telephone lines. The latter has created apprehension
among investors relying on ICT inasmuch as the desired infrastructure is already in
place.
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Figure 1-6
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Figure 1-7
1-57
Table 1-18: Summary of Observations, Implications and Possible Interventions
Observation/Technical
Policy Option/Intervention/
Findings/Issues and Implications/Effects
Possible Solution
Concerns
CPDO/CTMEO
1. Lack of traffic  Indicated in the  Conduct strategic traffic
masterplan CLUP 2000-2015 impact assessment
but was not  Promote the three E’s of
pursued traffic management
formulation.
2. Minimal use of bicycles  Environment  Provision of bicycle lanes,
friendly, good for bicycle specific route, etc.
the health aside from sidewalk
public transport system inconvenient for connecting the old city to
linking the east (old city the commuting the more developed part of
area) to the west part public the city or a new route of
of the city (west) public vehicles from east to
NUVALI area south
4. Lack of ferries traveling  Will lessen the  Accreditation of Ferries,
from one LGU to load of promotion of water
another using the commuters using transport as a means of
Laguna de Bay route public roads traveling
5. Improved capability  CTMEO staff  Trainings, capacity building,
and safety of CTMEO prone to hiring of additional staff if
staff harassments needed, additional
equipment (camera,
batons, radios, etc.) etc.
6. Started partnership  Increase  Traffic safety park, inclusion
with TAP and Rotary awareness of of traffic safety education in
Club in local traffic students about school children’s curriculum
education traffic safety
7. No impounding area  Impounded  Provision of impounding
vehicles are area
considered
eyesore in front of
police stations
8. Lack of traffic signs  Commuters or  In partnership with the civil
pedestrians do society, provide adequate
not observe local traffic signs
traffic rules
9. Lack of pedestrian  Pedestrian is  Provision of pedestrian
overpass in heavy highly at risk to overpass in accident-prone
traffic and accident- motor accidents areas
prone areas
Source: Sectoral Analysis Workshop, September 18, 2012
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The corresponding goal was, to ensure that the mobility of people and goods is
facilitated through the provision of an efficient transportation network, to be achieved
through the following objectives:
1. To strengthen the link of the municipality with other areas;

2. To increase accessibility within the municipality
Physical development targets were set as follows:
1. Implementation of proposed national road and regional projects within the

planning period
2. Strengthening of the existing road network
Table 1-19 summarizes transport development projects identified under CLUP 2000
to 2015. The remaining figures show the spatial distribution of roads and bridges in
Santa Rosa City today.
Table 1-19: Estimated Costs and Proposed Timelines for Transport

Development Project
Source: CLUP 2000 to 2015.
1.3.9 Social Service Facilities/Utilities/Amenities
1.3.9.1 Health Facilities and Services
To meet the demands of the residents of Santa Rosa City with regard to health
services and facilities, the Santa Rosa Community Hospital was constructed in 1995.
The hospital is located in a 10,162 square meter area on Cattleya Street, LM
Subdivision, Barangay Market Area, City of Santa Rosa. This hospital is categorized
a secondary hospital with a total of 405 personnel.
The City Health Office (CHO) in Santa Rosa is divided into Health Office I and Health
Office II. Both health offices attend to the needs of the 18 barangays in the city.
Health Office 1 covers the barangays of Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba,
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Malusak, Labas, and the bayshore barangays of Caingin, Sinalhan, and Aplaya. On
the other hand, CHO 2 covers the Barangays of Macabling, Balibago, Pooc, Dila,
Dita, Malitlit, Pulong Sta.Cruz, Don Jose, and Santo Domingo.
Health care facilities comprise hospitals, lying-in clinics, medical and dental clinics,
optical centers, medical laboratories, and pharmacies. In the City of Santa Rosa,
almost all facilities are privately owned (99 percent) and only one percent is owned
by the government.
The majority (57 percent) of these hospitals are categorized as Level III, which
means these are departmentalized hospitals. These hospitals render services such
as general medicine, pediatrics, surgery, anesthesia, obstetrics and gynecology, first
and second level radiology, second and tertiary clinical laboratory, pharmacy,
specialty clinical care, and nursing care for patients needing intermediate supervised,
total, and intensive care.
The remaining hospitals (43 percent) are categorized as Level II, or non-
departmentalized hospitals. These hospitals render all services of Level III hospitals
except for specialty clinical care, secondary level radiology, tertiary clinical
laboratory, and total and intensive nursing care for patients. Santa Rosa has a total
of seven hospitals with a hospital bed-population ratio of 2 beds for every 1,000
population.
In 2013, there were a total of eight registered lying-in clinics in Santa Rosa City.
These are all privately-owned, with a total bed capacity of 21. These facilities had a
total of 18 personnel, of which 13 are midwives and five are nurses.
There is a total of 11 family planning services rendered by the City Health Offices in
the City of Santa Rosa. In 2013, there were 29,246 couples who availed of the family
planning services, an increase of 2.75 percent from the total of 28,643 couples
recorded in 2012. The family planning services offered are female sterilization, male
sterilization, pills, IUD, injectable, condoms, and different NFP components.
Maternal care services are also offered in the health units of the city. Among the
maternal care services provided are tetanus toxoid immunization, iron
supplementation, vitamin A supplementation, breastfeeding, and maternal
consultations.
1.3.9.2 Nutrition Program
The nutrition program of the City of Santa Rosa aims to achieve zero malnourished
children through various activities that are focused on the proper nutrition of children.
Twelve supplementary feeding sessions are held every month, which are intended to
improve the nutrition status of children in the city.
The Operation Timbang measures the number of malnourished children in the city. It
is conducted every first quarter of the year, and malnourished children between the
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ages of 0-71 months are fed through the Food Assistance Program.
Through the Barangay Nutrition Scholars, the City Government continues to

disseminate information on health and nutrition with the end-in-view of achieving the
city’s goals under the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition.
Foremost in this campaign is the PABASA sa Nutrisyon program where mothers are
educated on the importance of knowing the three basic food groups in food
preparation for the family and which provide them with the necessary tools to prevent
malnutrition in their home.
The City Nutrition Committee as well as the Barangay Nutrition Committee

implements programs and activities aligned with the seven impact programs of the
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition. These programs are the following: Home,
School, and Community Food Production; Micronutrient Supplementation; Food
Fortification; Nutrition Education Program; Food Assistance Program; Nutrition in
Essential Maternal and Child Health Services; and Livelihood Assistance.
1.3.9.3 Health Service Providers
In 2013, the health facilities in the city employed an estimated 2,603 employees, both
medical and non- medical staff. Although there are slight improvements in the
number of nurses and midwives in CHO 1, it is highly recommended to hire more
doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel to fill the increasing health service
demand in the city.
1.3.9.4 Social Welfare
a. Day Care Service
Day care service involves the provision of substitute parental care and provision
of stimulating activities for the total development of children 3 to 4.8 years old
while their parents are unable to take care of them during part of the day
because of work and some other situation. A total of 2,651 pre-schoolers are
enrolled in 32 day care centers. These centers are staffed with a day care
teacher and a day care aide who are both given an allowance from the city
government.
In 2013, 7,910 books in English, mathematics, science, Filipino, and reading

were given to the day care children. A total amount of PhP2,500,000.00 was
used for this project.
b. Women’s Welfare Program
Santa Rosa City has a Capability Building and Productivity Skills Training
Center for Women in the City which offers regular courses in food processing,
baking, ISMO, sewing craft, tailoring and handicraft.
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As of 2013, some 2,111 women successfully completed training in sewing craft,

tailoring, culinary arts, cosmetology, food processing, baking, handicrafts,
candle and soap making, and meat processing.
c. Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program
The Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program started in the City of Santa Rosa in
January 2012. The program has two objectives: 1) social assistance that
provides cash assistance to address short- term financial need; and 2) social
development that invests in capability building of families that will break the
intergenerational poverty cycle. As of 2013, there were 1,948 Pantawid Pamilya
beneficiary families in Santa Rosa.
d. Supplemental Feeding Program
The objectives of the Supplemental Feeding Program are: (1) To provide

support to the feeding program for children in LGU- managed day care centers
using indigenous food and/or locally processed foods equivalent to 1/3 of the
recommended energy and nutrient intake; (2) To improve the knowledge,
attitude and practices of children enrolled in day care centers, as well as of
parents and caregivers, through intensified nutrition and health education; and
(3) To improve the nutritional status of all target children, and to refer to the
appropriate health unit any health and nutrition related problem of children.
Some 3,048 day care children and evacuees from different barangays in the
city benefitted from the supplemental feeding program. A total amount of
PhP4,754,880.00 was allocated for the program in 2013.
e. PAG-ASA Youth Rehabilitation Center
The PAG-ASA Youth Rehabilitation Center for children in conflict with the law
(CICL) is located in Brgy. Sinalhan, City of Santa Rosa. A total of 174 children
are served at the center. In 2013, a total amount of PhP477,0960.00 was
allocated for their food and basic needs. The center is managed by a head, who
is assisted by a psychologist and 9 house parents.
The facility serves as a temporary home and rehabilitation center for male
disadvantaged children. It provides protection, care, training and rehabilitation
for CICL in a home–like environment for a maximum period of six months, with
an end view of reintegrating them to their family and community.
The primary beneficiaries include the following: male disadvantaged children

who are 15 years old and below who were alleged to have committed a heinous
crime and, therefore, need immediate protection from a high-risk and unsafe
environment while undergoing intervention or rehabilitation; 16-18 year old
males who come in conflict with the law and have no parent or relatives to
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come home to while assessment of discernment is being undertaken; and

children who are abused, neglected and exploited by parents or relatives who
are unemployed, irresponsible, with very low parental skills, or with serious
behavioral problems.
f. Programs for Persons with Disability and the Elderly
The City Social Welfare Office had a series of activities to raise the awareness
of the public on disability prevention. An orientation regarding the Magna Carta
for PWDs was also conducted for the disabled persons to become aware of the
benefits and privileges as mandated by the law. A total of 263 PWD IDs were
issued in 2013.
The assistance for physical restoration services benefitted 179 PWDs, i.e., 65
were given wheel chairs, 7 crutches, 5 walkers, 2 hearing aids, 70 nebulizers,
10 white canes, 5 quad canes, 3 strollers, 2 glucometers, and 9 prosthesis legs.
In the Annual Celebration of National Disability, Prevention and Rehabilitation

Week,more than 1,000 PWDs from different SPED schools and barangays
attend the said event, which features different games and activities, including a
free medical and dental check-up by the Santa Rosa Medical Society and
Santa Rosa Dental Club.
Pursuant to the eligibility criteria determined by the DSWD, indigent senior

citizens are entitled to a monthly stipend amounting to PhP500.00 to augment
their daily subsistence and other medical needs. There were 52 social pension
beneficiaries selected by the DSWD Field Office in the city as of 2013.
The Botika ni Lolo at Lola provides senior citizens of the City of Santa Rosa
with free and quality medicines. Measures are taken to assist senior citizens in
the purchase of their medicines. An annual budget of PhP2,000,000.00 pesos
is used for the medicines.
1.3.9.5 Education
a. Elementary
As of 2014, the Division of Santa Rosa had 18 public elementary schools, with
a total number of 525 classrooms. The total enrolment was 38,640, and was
served by a total of 662 teachers.
b. Secondary
At the secondary level, there were seven secondary schools with a total student
enrolment of 15,104. These schools had a total of 192 classrooms and 308
teachers. The Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School (SRSTHS)
adopts the S & T oriented (ESEP) high school curricula for the First Year to
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Fourth Year levels continuously. Likewise, it is focused on pure science and its
applications to industry using the latest technologies. Its computer rooms are
linked to the internet, including the multi-media classrooms. Instruction is
supplemented with visits to known science and technology institutions,
laboratories and industrial plants. The school maintains a well stocked library
and subscribes to professional, scientific and technological journals, magazines
and manuals.
As of 2016, the SRSTHS had a total enrolment of 964 students, composed of

415 males and 549 females. The school has 22 instructional classrooms. The
Department of Education standard for ESEP Schools specifies a classroom:
student ratio of 1:35. The SRSTHS need to add more classrooms as its current
ratio is 1:41. The SRSTHS is compliant with DepEd requirements for science
and technology schools. No laboratories are required for general science and
biology in the STEP curriculum, but SRSTHS has a biology laboratory
nonetheless.
c. Tertiary
At the tertiary level, Santa Rosa City hosts the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines-Santa Rosa Campus, which is a state university located at the New
Santa Rosa Village in Brgy.Tagapo.
d. Alternative Learning System
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a ladderized, modular non-formal

education program in the Philippines for dropouts in elementary and secondary
schools, out-of-school youths, non-readers, working Filipinos and even senior
citizens. It is part of the education system of the Philippines but an alternative to
the regular classroom studies where Filipino students are required to attend
daily. The alternative system only requires students to choose schedules
according to their choice and availability.
The program has two different schematics for conducting instruction- -school-
based and community-based (non-formal). In the school-based program,
instructions are conducted in school campuses while in the community-based
program, formal instruction is conducted in community halls or in private places.
The ALS program follows uniform lesson modules for all academic subjects
covering the sciences, mathematics, English, Filipino, social studies and current
events, among others. Delivery of instructions is provided by government-paid
instructors or by private non-government organizations.
The three primary programs are carried out under the ALS community-
based/Non-formal Education, namely: Basic Literacy Program, Accreditation
and Equivalency Program and Informal Education. To date, Santa Rosa City
has one Mobile Teacher and three District ALS Coordinators working in the
Alternative Leaning System.
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e. Public Special Education
In the Division of Santa Rosa City, the Educational Program/Service (EPS) is

designed to meet the needs of children with special needs who are not
attending general or regular education because of disabilities or exceptional
disabilities. In 2013, the city opened one SpEd Center- -the Dita Elementary
School SpEd Center. For SY 2014-2015, two more SpEd centers were opened
in the city, one in Balibago Elementary School and another in Santa Rosa
Elementary School Central III.
As of 2015, Santa Rosa City has three Public SpEd Centers. The Dita SpEd
Center is located in Dita Elementary School. It is intended for special children
with the following disabilities: intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder,
Down syndrome, hearing impaired. Santa Rosa Central III SpEd Center is
intended for children with special needs, such as those with intellectual
disability, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and
global development delay. The Balibago SpEd Center, situated in Balibago
Elementary School, is intended for children with special needs such as those
with autism spectrum disorder and global development delay.
f. Madrasah Education Program
The Madrasah Education Program was established to meet the needs of

Muslim Filipino children. It aims to positively contribute to the ongoing peace
process and to enhance the educational development of Filipino Muslims
through an Islamic-friendly public education system that seeks to improve the
quality of life of Muslim schoolchildren.
Santa Rosa City has two Madrasah Centers providing Madrasah education:
Balibago Elementary School and Santa Rosa Elementary School Central III.
Madrasah pupils are taught Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education.
The city government supports these centers by providing a monthly honorarium
to teachers and to members of the Division Madrasah Monitoring members.
g. Private Sector Education
For the School Year 2014-2015, there were 86 private schools operating in the
City of Santa Rosa. A total of 12,884 pupils were enrolled in 78 private
elementary schools while a total of 7,265 students were enrolled in 40 private
secondary schools.
h. Technical-Vocational Education
The Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center aims to provide globally

competitive training to workers so that they can meet the employment demand
of industry and technology companies. The SRMTC has been operating for
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more than 25 years and has produced skilled graduates employed in local and
international firms.
Some of the achievements of SRMTC are the following:
The SRMTC graduates continue to increase in number. The “Free Training”

program for DTS and STP is continually hitting its goal.
a. Number of graduates in 1st Quarter (January- March) 177 graduates

b. Number of graduates in 2nd Quarter (April- June) 217 graduates
c. Number of graduates in 3rd Quarter (July-September) 251 graduates.
d. Number of graduates in 4th Quarter (October-December) 245 graduates.
SRMTC maintains its 96 percent passing rate in the TESDA National

Certification (NC) on the following qualifications:
a. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I

b. Refrigeration and Air –Con Servicing (RAC) NC II
c. Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM) NC II
d. Computer Hardware Servicing (CHS) NC II
e. Automotive Servicing (AS) NC I
f. Automotive Servicing (AS) NC II
g. Consumer Electronics Servicing (CES) NC II
SRMTC maintains its high employment rate, ranging from 75-85 percent, with
graduates employed locally and overseas. SRMTC maintains its partnership
with Toyota Motor’ Phils. Foundation, Aichi Forging Phil., and Kilton Industry.
SRMTC added Isuzu Auto Parts Corporation, KIA Service Center, Hasting
Motors, Hearty Beverage Options Inc. in its roster of industrial partners.
These partner companies will accommodate DTS trainees for their OJT.
The institution remains a TESDA Competency Assessment Center. It

operates Training Institution Extensions at Barangay Dila and at the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology.
1.3.9.6 Housing
A total of 185 residential subdivisions provide housing to the residents of Santa Rosa
City. The City Urban Development and Housing Office records 8,093 informal settler
families in various barangays as of January 2016. Of this number, 5,682 families
reside along waterways. For households that need to be resettled from danger and
unsuitable areas, the city has eight new resettlement sites providing 8,517 housing
units. The resettlement projects are intended to benefit 8,525 families.
A total of 29,568 units comprise the shelter demand for 2023. This demand is
divided into those due to the housing backlog and those due to population growth.
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1.3.9.7 Protective Services
a. Philippine National Police-Santa Rosa
As of 2014, Santa Rosa City Police Station has a total strength of 162 police
personnel: policemen – 139 and policewomen – 23. The police to population
ratio based on the National Statistics Office 2014 estimate of the Santa Rosa
City population is 1:2,013. The main station is located on Rizal Blvd., Brgy.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa. Only 10 percent of the force is stationed in the
headquarters while the remaining 90 percent are in the field.
Four police assistance centers and 10 police outposts are maintained by the
PNP-Santa Rosa. The PNP is supported by 711 barangay tanod in maintaining
peace and order in the communities.
b. Citizen Empowerment
The station conducted 118 community awareness seminars, trainings,

dialogues and visitations among homeowners associations, students, NGOs,
the business sector, including their security guards, barangay officials,
members of BPATs/tanods, marshalls and other legal organization to develop
their knowledge and capabilities and to ensure their continuous support as
partners of the PNP in maintaining peace and order within the community.
A total of 146 dialogues/“pulong–pulong” concerning anti-criminality and anti-

insurgency were conducted by the PNP Santa Rosa station in collaboration with
stakeholders, clients, security guards, supervisors, heads of different offices of
the national and local government within Santa Rosa City, and other pillars of
the criminal justice system to enhance participation and close coordination.
Some 23 non-government organizations, BPATs and other organizations were

formed and coordinated to support the Santa Rosa City Police Station anti-
criminality programs. Monthly enhancement and crime prevention seminars
were also conducted for NGOs, BPAT members and civilian volunteers.
c. ICT Equipment
The PNP station is continuously developing its ICT equipment to further

enhance the police station’s capability. The procurement of ICT equipment
through the City Government of Santa Rosa and other agencies has been
initiated for the said improvement. As a result of the said improvement, clerical
works were simplified, resulting to less demand of police personnel performing
administrative functions. Instead, they were deployed in the field.
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d. Tagamasid (Interconnectivity with the City Command Center)
The Santa Rosa LGU set up a modern command center (CC) with 22 CCTV
cameras installed in strategic areas and they plan to add 20 more. The police
station has its own tactical operations center (TOC) with 8 CCTV cameras
deployed within the building. An agreement to interconnect the two centers was
reached, giving the PNP access to the 22 CCTV cameras. There is a plan to
upgrade equipment by installing a large LCD monitor in the TOC. Another
special feature of the project is a mobile viewer that allows remote access to
the IP cameras live video right from iPhone/iPod/iTouch or any android device.
This is a good tool for the Chief of Police to monitor in real time the traffic
condition and the activity in the police station when he is away.
e. Bureau of Fire Protection-Santa Rosa
The main station of the Bureau of Fire Protection Santa Rosa is located on J.P.
Rizal Blvd., Brgy. Tagapo.
f. Personnel
There are 35 BFP Personnel for Santa Rosa City, broken down as follows:
 Male – Twenty (20) BFP Personnel, including One (1) Officer 

 Female – Fifteen (15) BFP Personnel, including One (1) Officer
About 10 BFP personnel need to be added per year in order to meet the
population: personnel standard ratios.
g. Fire Trucks
Santa Rosa BFP has four serviceable fire trucks.
h. Programs
The BFP participates in the conduct of disaster awareness and preparedness

through the following:
 Fire Safety Awareness

 Fire Prevention Motorcade
 Brgy. Fire Brigade
 Industrial Fire Brigade
 Fire Safety Inspection/House to House Campaign
 Fire/Earthquake Drill
The office coordinates with the Department of Education for the Fire Safety
Education in all public and private schools citywide.
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It conducts a Refresher Course (Basic Rescue Training Course and Emergency

Response and Preparedness Course) for all BFP Personnel of the station.
i. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Office, Santa Rosa,

Male Dorm
The Santa Rosa City Jail has nine cells, housing a total of 443 inmates, of
which 383 inmates are adult males and 60 inmates are adult females.
The city jail is located along J. P. Rizal Blvd. (beside Santa Rosa PNP station)
Barangay Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna. Due to the increasing number
of inmates, the Local Government of Santa Rosa constructed an extension
detention cell at the back of the main cell. The city jail has a total of 19
personnel, which falls below the ideal 31 jail personnel strength.
j. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Office – Santa Rosa,

Female Dorm
The jail personnel and equipment of Santa Rosa City Jail Female Dorm are as
follows:
 1 Female Warden
 1 Assistant Warden/Unit Dentist
 3 Custodial/Escort/Searchera
 1 IWD Officer/ Custodial/Escort/Searcher
 1 Unit Nurse/Admin/Custodial/Escort/Searcher
1.3.9.8 Sports and Recreation
The City Sports Development Office, a unit under the Office of the Mayor, plans,
organizes and implements the city-wide sports development program. It leads and
provides support to the sports programs and events of the city in order to produce
world class athletes competing in sports competition and tournaments, such as
cluster meet, city meet, as well as regional, national and international sports events.
A total of 44 public sports facilities and 8 recreation facilities are available in the city.
In addition, 49 sports and recreation facilities are operated by private sector firms.
1.3.10 Economic Structure
The local economic sector consists of three important categories of economic

activities, which are clustered into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The
primary sector encompasses activities that involve the utilization, production and
processing of raw materials into primary goods and basic food. The secondary sector
covers the manufacturing and processing of raw materials and inputs generated from
the primary sector. The tertiary sector refers to the industries that are engaged in
manufacturing activities, which consume massive quantities of energy.
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1.3.10.1 Primary Sector
In 1946, about 96 percent of the land area in Santa Rosa City was devoted to
agriculture. Most people are farmers raising rice, corn, vegetables, sugar cane,
garden products and fruits of various kinds. Food production was sufficient for
actual needs but without reserve for contingencies. A lot of people raised
chickens, eggs, and pork from poultry and piggery projects. A few residents engaged
in commercial agriculture. Coffee farming was also done. Fishing was carried on
quite extensively in Laguna de Bay waters. Until the late 1970s, Santa Rosa City
maintained its role as a food producing municipality actively producing and trading
rice, corn, vegetables, livestock and fishes.
Agricultural Crops. The following tables indicate the data pertaining to agriculture in
Santa Rosa City, i.e., the farm hectarage, kind of crops raised, crop types, and soil
types (Tables 1-20 to 1-23).
Table 1-20: City Agricultural Data, 2013
% of
% of
Total Total Total Irrigated
Agriculture
Barangay Land Area Agricultural Irrigated Area to
Area to Total
(Ha Area (Ha) Area (Ha) Total Land
Land Area
Area
1. Aplaya 72. 2.1 2.92 0 0.00
2. Balibago 2
267.4 1
31.43 11.75 26.8 10.02
3. Caingin 118.8 36.63 30.83 33.7 28.37
4. Dila 167.6 24.84 14.82 21.0 12.53
5. Dita 426.6 45.63 10.69 40.8 9.39
6. Don Jose 1025.5 11.65 1.13 0 0.00
7. Ibaba 44. 0.6 1.43 0 0.00
8. Kanluran 0
19. 3
0.5 3.00 0 0.00
9. Labas 3
90. 8
21.31 23.62 19.0 21.06
10. Macabling 2
276.0 57.59 20.86 37.8 13.70
11. Malitlit 1028.1 101.92 9.91 82.6 8.03
12. Malusak 14. 0.8 6.0 0 0.00
13. Market Area 5
42. 7
1.1 2.65 0 0.00
14. Pooc 9
154.2 4
23.81 15.44 21.3 13.81
15. Pulong Santa 445.5 21.93 4.92 20.7 4.65
16. Cruz
Sinalhan 181.8 49.95 27.47 42.0 23.10
17. Santo Domingo 833.8 12.88 1.54 0 0.00
18. Tagapo 335.0 52.08 15.54 46.3 13.82
TOTAL 5 ,543.40 496.98 8.97 392.00 7.07
Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Table 1-21: Major Agricultural Land Use, by Type, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna,
2013 (In hectares)
Land Use Total Area (Ha) % of Agricultural Area

Rice Crops 392.0 7
Vegetable Crops 0
40.42 8
Permanent Crops 64.56 .1
Total Agricultural Area 496.9 8
1
2
100.00%
Source: City Agriculture Office, City of Santa
8 Rosa, Laguna 8
.3
%
9
9 of Santa
Table 1-22: Rice Production (Dry and Wet Season), by Barangay, City
Rosa, Laguna, 2015 %
Total Yield Per

Irrigated Area (Ha) Average Yield
Barangay (MT)
Barangay per Barangay
Certified Good Certified Good MT/Ha
Seeds Seeds Seeds Seeds
1. Balibago 26.8 120.60 4.50
2. Caingin 33.7 151.65 4.50
3. Dila 21.0 94.50 4.50
4. Dita 40.8 183.60 4.50
5. Labas 19.0 85.50 4.50
6. Macabling 37.8 170.10 4.50
7. Malitlit 82.6 371.70 4.50
8. Pooc 21.3 95.85 4.50
9. Pulong
20.7 93.15 4.50
Sta. Cruz
10. Sinalhan 42.0 189.00 4.50
11. Tagapo 46.3 208.35 4.50
Table 1-23: Recommended Soil Suitability, by Type and Characteristics, City of

Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2013
Recommended
Soil Type Characteristics
Land Use
1. Lipa Series  Terrain is characteristically  Residential/
undulating to rolling, loose and Agricultural
very friable fine granular loam;
horizontal boundary and smooth
and clear; friable fine
granulatuffessus; substratum is
highly weathered tuff; boundary is
broken and abrupt.
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Recommended
Soil Type Characteristics
Land Use
2. Guadalupe Series  When wet soil becomes plastic  Residential
and sticky; when dry soil is
coarse, granular and cloddy; soil
underlain with a zone of volcanic
tuff material; substratum is
primarily massive volcanic tuff;
topography is undulating to
rolling.
3. Carmona Series  Carmona clay loam-smooth clear  Agricultural/
boundary; substratum-light Industrial/
yellowish brown to light grayish Commercial
brown. Topography-undulating to
rolling; friable when dry and
sticky, pinetic when wet;
Carmona sandy loam-
substratum-highly weathered
tuffaceous
4. Quingua Series  Very deep; surface soil is light  Residential/

brown; usually loose and very Agricultural
seldom compact; subsoil-light
brown with heavier materials.
Livestock and Poultry Sector, 2011. The livestock and poultry sector of Santa
Rosa City is composed of backyard animal raisers in 7 out of the 18 Barangays of
the City (Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Macabling, Pulong Sta. Cruz, Sto. Domingo and
Ibaba). L i vest ock a n im al s c om pr i se mainly hogs, some goats (meat type) and
a few cattle. Carabao production for dairy ceased more than a decade age and
production is mainly for use in farm work. The livestock in the City of Santa Rosa
decreased much more i n 2011, compared to the 25.27 percent decrease in
1998. Rapid industrial growth and urbanization is the main cause of the decrease.
Vanishing areas for pasture and loss of the so-called green areas or agricultural land
contributed to the decline. These lands have been converted to non-agricultural
use and mixed use (Tables 1-24 to 1-25).
Remarkable declines have been observed for both chicken (broiler) and duck
production in the past 12 years and have become a seasonal business endeavor for
some of the residents. However, a marked increase in quail egg production and
game fowl raising helped the poultry sector to thrive since no restrictions from the
LGU was set.
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Table 1-24: Number of Heads, Backyard Livestock and Poultry: 1991, 1996,
1998, 2007, & 2011
Year Carabao Cattle Swine Goat Chicken Ducks TOTAL

1991 555 777 2,855 488 69,990 13,500 88,165
1996 182 281 1,393 363 3,400 3,100 8,719
1998 54 530 2,484 684 3,200 1,200 8,152
2007 47 266 2,039 541 3,679 515 7,087
2011 28 186 1,017 388 4,767 361 6,747
SUB-TOTAL 866 2,040 9,788 2,464 85,036 18,676 118,870
Source: City Agriculture Office & City Veterinary Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Fishery Sector, 2013. Fishing operations is one source of income for the rural
constituents of the City of Santa Rosa. Currently, there are 830 fishermen who
utilize the fishing territories in three barangays – Caingin (86.0 hectares), Aplaya
(153.0 hectares) and Sinalhan (60.0 hectares). Fishing is done whole year round.
The city currently has 50 fish traders transacting business at the local market as
well as i n neighboring cities.
The issues and concerns in the fisheries sector are the following: illegal fishing,
pollution, lack of financial support services, and increasing number of fisherfolk
relying on other sources of income such as vegetable farming, trading and
employment in factories, and call centers by other family members.
Agricultural and Fisheries Support Facilities, 2015. The following tables show the
farm and fisheries support facilities as well as the programs and projects that support
the agricultural and fisheries sector in Santa Rosa City (Tables 1-25 to 1-27).
Table 1-25: Number of Animal Raisers, 2013
BARANGAY SWINE EQUINE LARGE SMALL AVIANS

1. Sinalhan 18 11 12 60
2. Aplaya 24 9 10 61
3. Caingin 9 10 5 55
4. Ibaba 2 10 8 17
5. Malusak 14
6. Kanluran 4 30
7. Tagapo 2 1 3 9 51
8. Macabling 5 3 20 5 80
9. Labas 1 2 3 27
10. Pooc 1 3 30
11. Balibago 1 22
12. Dila 2 1 1 66
13. Dita 3 1 3 12 70
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BARANGAY SWINE EQUINE LARGE SMALL AVIANS

14. Malitlit 6 4 13 53
15. Pulong Sta. 4 5 8 39
16. Don Jose 4 10 13
17. Sto. Domingo 3 2
18. Market Area 1 5
Total 78 5 86 131 778
Source: City Veterinary Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna 2013
Table 1-26: Farm Facilities and Machineries, 2015
Year
Name of Facility/ Mode of Facility/Machinery
No. of Unit Constructed/
Farm Machinery Acquisition Condition
Acquired
1. Rice Thresher 3 1990-92 cash Functional
2 1990-91 cash Functional
2 1990 cash Functional
1 2009 grant Functional
2. Drying 1 1993 cash Functional
Pavement 1 1990 cash Functional
3. Rice Mill 1 1987 cash Functional
4. Warehouse 1 1990 cash Functional
5. Collapsible 1 2012 grant Functional
Dryer 1 2012 grant Functional
6. Laminated 3 2012 grant Functional
Sack 7 2012 grant Functional
*** - List includes public and privately owned.
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Table 1-27: Post-harvest Facilities and Machinery, 2015
Year
Name of Facility/ No. of Mode of Facility/Machinery
Constructed/
Farm Machinery Unit Acquisition Condition
Acquired
1. Hand Tractor 10 1990-95 cash Functional
2. Tractor 1 1995 cash Functional
3. Power Tiller 6 1988-91 cash Functional
4. Rotavator 2 2009 grant Functional
5. Cultivator 2 2009 grant Functional
6. Grass Cutter 1 2013 cash Functional
7. Mechanical 1 2014 cash Functional
Sprayer
8. Shredder 1 2014 cash Functional
Machine
*** - List includes public and privately owned.
On the other hand, the agricultural sector will shrink further in terms of
employment in view of the decreasing hectares of land devoted to farming,
livestock and fishing and d u e t o seemingly lack of interest of farmers to cultivate
the land. The Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Zone Areas (SAFDZ) of Santa
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Rosa City situated alongside the lakeside areas are not fully utilized by the
farmers-fishermen for food production purposes especially the cultivation of high-
value crops and raising of livestock animals.
1.3.10.2 Secondary Sector
With the favorable opening of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) in the 1980s, at
least 21 globally competitive locator companies, mainly in manufacturing and
industry, invested in the town. First to come in was the Filipinas Synthetic Fiber
Corporation (Filsyn) in Brgy. Don Jose, Ani Forge Philippines Inc and Coca Cola-
Bottling Company Inc. in Brgy. Pulong Sta.Cruz, and Monde Nissin in Brgy.
Balibago. There were also 725 commercial enterprises established in the city.
Investors and businesses came from the wholesale and retail sector, banking and
finance sector, insurance and real estate, and services.
In 2010, the industrial locators in the city multiplied from 21 to 102 locators, mostly
situated in the seven PEZA-registered industrial estates. The businesses generated
a combined employment of 100,000 persons and contributing almost eight billion
dollars to the country’s export earnings. The city is host to four car manufacturers
and two bus assemblers with a combined manpower of almost 3,000 persons and a
total production output of 698,859 units. It is a lso the home of the largest bottling
plant of Coca-Cola Bottlers and the Philippines’ first and only world-class theme
park. The notable industry locators in Santa Rosa City are in the manufacturing of
electronics and semi-conductors, automotive and automotive parts, metal, packaging,
food processing, and the promising Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry
in Santa Rosa City.
With the full implementation of the city Investment Code of 2006, the fast growing
growth areas of the local economy are expected to lead the way in the business
development of Santa Rosa City. Small-scale and micro-industries are also
prevalent and are operated by small entrepreneurs and cooperative enterprises.
These forward and backward linkages of big, medium and small- scale industries
are the key to the long-term sustainable growth of the local economy.
1.3.10.3 Tertiary Sector
The tertiary or the services sector particularly from the commercial areas is the
biggest employer of the working population i.e., both the formal and informal sectors
of the local economy. The Industry sector comes second especially from the
manufacturing industry of food and beverage, automotive assembly, electronics and
related areas. The said sector is forecast to dominate the local economy in the
future, particularly the sectors related to the Off-shoring and Out-sourcing (O and
O) industry such as call center, animation, medical transcription and software
development which are linked to the global business market.
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The different businesses and commercial establishments in Santa Rosa City

numbered 5,507 firms as of 2015. The data also show the major tertiary sector
establishments particularly as they are ranked in terms of taxes paid.
Economic Enterprises: Slaughterhouse and Public Markets. Marked

improvements in the production and revenue from the city abattoir a r e noted.
From a NMIS “A” accreditation (2004), the abattoir is now classified NMIS “AA”. It
was also awarded the Most Outstanding Slaughterhouse of Laguna in the Laguna
Meat Congress in October 2011.
The average daily slaughter is 175 hogs, 246 cattle and 136 carabao. Live
animals for slaughter are sourced from the Provinces of Batangas and Quezon,
while all carcasses are sold in three major wet markets namely: Poblacion: Market
Area, Balibago Commercial Complex Market and Paseo Country Market, Talipapa
(Balibago, Dila, Dita and Labas), and the neighboring towns of Biñan and Cabuyao
(Table 1-28).
Table 1-28: Private and Public Wet Markets, 2013
No. NAME ADDRESS TYPE
1 SANTA ROSA-Poblacion BRGY. MARKET AREA PUBLIC
BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL
2 BRGY. BALIBAGO PRIVATE
COMPLEX
3 PASEO COUNTRY MARKET BRGY. DON JOSE PRIVATE

Source: City Planning and Development Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Tourism. The City Tourism, Culture Arts and Museum Office aims to create
awareness, appreciation, interest and patronage of the City of Santa Rosa’s tourism
products and services. The office leads the celebration of the Sikhayan Festival and
tourism-related events in various barangays in Santa Rosa. The city participates in
local and international tourism and travel expositions, featuring the city tourism sites.
The following are the tourism attractions of Santa Rosa City:
 Historical Landmarks--Cuartel de Sto. Domingo; Santa Rosa de Lima

Parish Church; Museo de Santa Rosa; City Plaza; Santa Rosa Arch
(Bantayan)
 Heritage Houses--Arambulo Ancestral House; Zavalla Ancestral House;
Tiongco Ancestral House; Perlas Ancestral House
 Leisure and Recreation Areas--Enchanted Kingdom; Nuvali; The
Monochrome--“The Events Place of Nuvali”; Movie at the Field; The Fields
 Parks and Nature--Biking; Greens and Patches; Holy Carabao Holistic Farm;
Sta. Elena Golf Club; The Country; Coca-cola Pavilion; Santa Rosa Sports
Complex; Santa Rosa Kiddie Park
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Listed in Table 1-29 are the cultural and tourism activities in Santa Rosa City in
2013.
Table 1-29: List of Cultural and Tourism Activities, City of Santa Rosa, 2013
NAME OF
DATE OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE PARTICIPANTS
ACTIVITIES
Celebrating the Sikap-
JANUARY SIKHAYAN NGOs, LGU,
2013 FESTIVAL Kabuhayan (fruit of their
Private Sectors
labor) of Rosenians
Showcasing the products
January 13- Sikap-Kabuhayan Barangays, Other
of each Barangay and
19 Bazaar neighboring towns
other neighboring towns
Aim to showcase the
Street Dancing Public High
January 18 talents of students in
Competition School Students
terms of dancing
FEBRUARY Search for the most
TALENT DAY
2013 handsome young men
endowed with
intelligence and pleasing Representative of
personality of our town, each Barangay
Ginoong Santa who in turn will be the
February 20
Rosa Ambassador of Goodwill
who will represent the
people of Santa Rosa
SUMMER
APRIL 2013 Rosenians
FESTIVITIES
Representative/
Parade of Rosas ng
April 20 Contestant of
Santa Rosa
each Barangay
Robinson's Place of Robinsons -
April 24
Santa Rosa Market Santa Rosa
Pre-Pageant of Long week celebration of Representative/
April 25 Rosas ng Santa Fiesta ng Bayan to Contestant of
Rosa entertain the people/ each Barangay
April 26 Singing Contest residents of City of Santa Contestants
Coronation Night of Rosa, Laguna Representative/
April 27 Rosas ng Santa Contestant of
Rosa each Barangay
April 28 Karera ng Tiburin Contestants
and Dance Contest
April 29 Battle of the Bands Contestants
April 30 Fireworks Display Various Artists
and Variety Show
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NAME OF
DATE OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE PARTICIPANTS
ACTIVITIES
INDEPENDENCE Celebrating the
JUNE 2013 Independence of our
DAY
country against
NGOs, LGU,
aggressors.
Independence Day Private Sectors
June 12 In remembrance of this
Celebration day we offer flowers in
front of Rizal monument
CITYHOOD OF Celebrating the
JULY 2013
SANTA ROSA proclamation of our town
NGOs, LGU,
being recognized as city.
Private Sectors,
Part o the activity was the
Cityhood Day You’ve Got Talent
July 10 search for You’ve Got
Celebration Contestants
Talent held at SM City
Santa Rosa
NOVEMBER CHRISTMAS
2013 DISPLAY
Opening of
Christmas on
November 24 Display & Lighting of
Giant Christmas
Tree
CHRISTMAS AND
DECEMBER Celebrating the coming
NEW YEAR'S
2013 of the Birth of Jesus
PRESENTATION Christ - it is our desire to
December 16 CSWD Children's make this year’s
Concert celebration joyous and
festive for our Rosenians, LGU,
December 23 Robinson's constituents; Dressing NGOs
Place of Santa our city into a place
Rosa Market where our residents can
feel the true meaning of
December 24 Christmas' Fireworks Christmas - sharing love,
Display peace and happiness
SM City of Santa
December 27
Rosa
December 28 Rotary Club
Santa Rosa's Got
December 29
Talent in Concert
New Year's
December 31
Fireworks Display
Source: City Cultural Affairs Office (Clean and Green Projects), City of Santa Rosa,
Laguna
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Tourist Arrivals. For 2013, some 1,783,054 tourist and visitor arrivals were
recorded in the different tourism related establishments in the City of Santa Rosa
(Table 1-30).
Table 1-30: Tourists/Visitors Arrivals of City of Santa Rosa, 2013
2013 TOURISTS / VISITORS ARRIVAL

Month Domestic Foreign Total
January 260,035 2,186 262,221
February 185,098 2,025 187,123
March 88,584 3,066 91,650
April 121,820 1,797 123,617
May 121,757 1,686 123,443
June 51,688 2,725 54,413
July 40,965 2,349 43,314
August 56,618 2,319 58,937
September 125,618 2,507 128,125
October 185,869 2,424 188,293
November 213,768 2,580 216,348
December 303,376 2,194 305,570
TOTAL 1,755,196 27,858 1,783,054
Source: City Tourism Office, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
In the major tourism attractions and theme parks alone (Enchanted Kingdom, Monde
Nissin and Museo de Santa Rosa), a total of 1,643,202 tourist arrivals was recorded in
2013. For El Cielito Hotel Inn, Paseo Premiere Hotel and Technopark Hotel, the total
tourist arrivals was 45, 140. For Rose and Grace Restaurant, Southpick Resort, SM
City Santa Rosa and Coca-Cola Pavilion, the total tourist arrivals reached 94,712.
1.3.10.4 Local Economic Condition
The local economic condition of a municipality or city covers the status of

employment, income profile, and poverty condition of a locality.
Employment and Income Profile. The Public Employment Service Office (PESO)
ensures the speedy, equitable and efficient employment service delivery and
expands the existing employment facilitation services to maximize the impact of
employment programs and services at the local government level.
The PESO is expected to do the following: a) provide employment to deserving

students and out-of-school youths coming from poor families, during summer
vacation, as provided for under RA #7323, otherwise known as the Special
Program for Employment of Students (SPES) and its implementing rules in order
to enable them to pursue their education; b) provide a venue where people could
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explore simultaneously various employment options and actually seek assistance

they prefer; c) serve as referral and information center for the various services and
programs of DOLE and the local government; d) provide clients with adequate
information on employment and labor market situation in the area; e) network with
other PESO’s within the region for job exchange purposes; f) encourage employers
to submit to the PESO on a regular basis a list of job vacancies in their respective
establishments in order to facilitate the exchange of labor market between job
seekers and employers; g) undertake employability enhancement training seminars
for job seekers; h) provide persons with entrepreneurship qualities access to the
various livelihood and self- employment programs offered by both government and
non-government organizations at the provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels;
i) conduct pre-employment and employment or occupational counseling, career
guidance, mass motivation and values development activities; j) provide reintegration
assistance services to returning Filipino migrant workers; and k) provide labor
assistance to persons with disabilities to integrate them into the society.
Wage Rates. The following tables show the minimum daily wage rates by sector in
CALABARZON as of January 2016 and the average daily wage rates by region as of
April 2015 (Table 1-31 and 1-32).
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Table 1-31: Minimum Daily Wage Rates by Sector, CALABARZON, as of

January 2016
Source:http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/ST
ATISTICAL%20TABLES/PDF/Tab21.pdf
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Table 1-32: Average Daily Wage Rates, by Region, 2013- April 2015
Labor and Employment Status. The succeeding tables show the labor and
employment profile of CALABARZON as of 2015 (Tables 1-33 to 1-35).
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Table 1-33: Household Population 15 Years Old and Over by Employment

Status: CALABARZON, 2013-2015 (In thousands except rates)
Source: http://labstat.psa.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/
Table 1-34: Number of Establishments, by Employment Size, by Region, 2014
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Table 1-35: Workers Provided with Various Livelihood Assistance Services,

CALABARZON, 2012-2013
REGION IV-A
INDICATOR
2012 2013
TOTAL WORKERS 7,655 4,793
1
Informal Sectors Workers 5,240 4,518
2
Disadvantaged Workers 1,117 275
3
Wage Workers 1,298 -
Source: www. bles.dole.gov.ph; Date Accessed: June 24, 2014; Department of
Labor and Employment, Statistical Performance Reporting System
1
Workers provided with assistance/services to enhance their self-employed
undertakings
2
Workers provided with assistance /services to engage in livelihood
undertakings
3
Workers provided with assistance /services to engage in income-
augmenting collective enterprises
1.4 Development Constraints: Priority Issues and Concerns
The following are the identified sectoral issues and concerns with regard to the
development of Santa Rosa City:
1.4.1 Social Sector
Implications/Effects
Findings/Issues and Concerns
1. Need for more relocation areas  Crowded relocation sites
2. Need for more evacuation centers  Study time/tables of students affected
during calamities
3. Need for more roads/wide roads  Congested traffic situation
4. Need for a centralized transport  Causing traffic violations/situations
terminal
5. Need for a low-cost housing for the  Employees interfering with the relocation/
local government employees housing projects for the informal settlers
6. Government-owned lands being  Government lands intended for the
claimed by private developers informal settlers not used by them
7. Need for more housing projects for  Lack of lands for low-cost housing
low/middle income group
8. More “talipapa” being built  Sanitation/health hazard for the citizens
9. Along roadsides
10. Overlapping barangay boundaries  Disputes among barangays
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Housing-Housing Office
1. Lack of funding/no budget  Acquisition of land for resettlement sites
appropriation for resettlement are not addressed
 Cannot make programs for
housing/relocation
2. Lack of available lands to be  Schools and other buildings such as
used as relocation sites livelihood centers, covered courts, etc.
are used as evacuation sites when there
are calamities
 Informal settlers from danger zones are
forced to evacuate during calamities
3. Lack of right-of-way for the use of  Relocatees are sometimes charged by
Relocations 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Brgy. the owner of the land “toll fees”
Pulong Santa Cruz
4. There are no sites identified for  Scattered relocation sites for housing
socialized housing needs of informal settlers cannot be
addressed
5. Proliferation of informal settlers in  Lack of work for the migrant workers that
the city forces some to turn to illegal activities to
6. Structures - 8,483 survive
7. Families - 10,781  Balloon in the population of students
studying in public schools such that their
quality of education are affected/suffer
 Number of patients of health officers are
also affected
8. Housing Office lacks technical
persons
9. No service vehicle
Health-CHO I-City Health Office
1. Insufficient manpower for primary  Optimal basic services may not be
care prevention delivered efficiently
a. Doctors (1:20,000 pop) –  Fatigued technical staff
actual 1:66,620 pop
b. Nurses (1:20,000 pop) – actual
is 1:41,637 pop
c. midwives (1:5,000 pop) –
actual is 1:10,409 pop
d. sanitary inspectors (1:20,000)
– actual is 1:41,637 pop
e. dentists (1:50,000) – actual is
1:83,275
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2. Maternal deaths still occur in the  Increase maternal mortality rate/MDG not
city achieved
3. Home deliveries by untrained  Increase maternal deaths/complications
birth attendants needing hospitalization and more
expenses
4. Low number of mothers  Sick children/deaths below 5 years old
practicing breastfeeding
5. Incomplete immunization for  Sick children/deaths below 1 year old
infants below 1 year old
6. Low number of families availing  Problem in population control
family planning services  Parents may not provide the basic rights
of their children, including health
7. Poor families cannot afford the  Newborn errors of metabolism cannot be
Newborn Screening and prevented
Newborn Hearing Screening  Hearing deficiency of NBs not detected
and prevented
8. TB Program - case detection  More cases of TB not detected, infection
target not reached control will be a problem
9. Success rate for TB treatment is  Emergence of MDR and XDR cases
not reached (90%)
10. Misconception on dengue cases  Panic of community
by laymen  Overreporting of cases
11. Provision of safe water supply  Diarrhea as one of the causes of
not 100% morbidity and mortality, especially in
children
 Emergence of other water-borne diseases
like typhoid fever, hepatitis, cholera,
amoebiasis
12. Lack of sanitation and toilet  Increased number families getting sick in
facilities during disaster evacuation centers
response
13. Non-communicable diseases  Increased morbidity and mortality
increasing in numbers  Less productive head of the family
a. diabetes mellitus  Low income for the family
b. renal diseases
c. cardiovascular diseases
d. chronic lung diseases
e. blindness
14. Inappropriate vehicle for disaster  Delayed health services to hard-to-reach
response areas
 Personal expenses of front liners
15. Barangay health stations in  Facility not appropriate for health service
Malusak, Market Area located in delivery, more infection/disease can arise
barangay hall  Crowded health center
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16. CHO1 not PhilHealth- MCP  PhilHealth members cannot avail of
accredited free services
CHO2 not PhilHealth-MCP/TB
Package accredited
17. Poor families still not members of  Health privileges and package rates
any social health schemes such as not availed (OPD and in patients)
PhilHealth
18. Health budget allocated is below  Health services may not be given to
15% constituents needing these services
(Recommended 15%, MOOE is
45%)
(including hospital = 20-25% health
budget)
HWLRH-SRCH-Santa Rosa Community Hospital
Observation/Technical Findings/
Issues and Concerns
1. Increase in migration to Santa Rosa  Increase in number of dissatisfied
City patients
2. Increase in population - congested  Increase in number of patients not
in populated areas given medical attention that should be
hospitalized
3. Overflowing of sick people/patients  Increase in number of mortality
in the community hospital (SRCH1)
as in CHO1 level 2
Outnumbered the number of
hospital beds
Outnumbered the number of
medical staff
4. Insufficient medicines to the hospital  Increase in number of patients buying
pharmacy due to limited allocation medicines outside the hospital
for drugs and very slow processing
of pharmacy supply demands
5. DOH, under the new reclassification  License to operate of the hospital will
of the hospital, requires that the be affected
hospital pharmacy should have  PHIC accreditation will be affected
complete medicines and supplies
Education- DEPED- Department of Education
1. Schools have no land title  No sense of ownership
2. Availability of land area for  Classroom shortage
additional classrooms construction
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3. Some schools are prone to flood  Stoppage of classes
 Absences of both students and
teachers
 Increase in drop-out rate
4. No available laboratory and Unemployable graduates
industrial classrooms
Protective Services-PNP – Philippine National Police
1. Location of PCPs/Substations  Not visible/accessible to residents and
those in transit in the city for
immediate response
2. Low personnel ratio (1:3,000)  Inadequate response to police
services
3. Inadequate mobility capacity  Response time is affected/delay in the
delivery of public service
4. Inadequate number of  Increase of crime volume and

firearms/weapons and decreasing crime efficiency solution
communication equipment
5. Limited resources for the programs  Deterioration of peace and order
Protective Services- BJMP-Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
1. Jail congested  Overcrowded cells will cause
illness/diseases of inmates
 Bad odor in jail premises
2. Lack of personnel  Multi-functional work
 The number of inmates outnumber the
number of duty officers that puts the
security at risk
3. Lack of equipment  Poor jail operation
Protective Services-BFP-Bureau of Fire Protection
1. Poor location and lack of hydrants  Cannot easily refill water tanks in case
and water source of bigger fires
2. Inadequate firefighting equipment  Cannot easily access narrow areas
and cannot perform well in rescuing
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victims that are possibly trapped
inside
3. Lack of aerial ladder for future high-  Cannot easily access high-rise
rise building building in fire fighting
4. Need of additional substations on  To shorten response time
strategic locations
5. Inadequate personal protective  Risking firemen lives during fire
equipment for BFP personnel operation
6. Inadequate BFP personnel like fire  Difficulty in fire suppression and in
volunteer and fire brigade rescue operation
7. Inadequate means of communication  Delay in relaying the status of fire
incidents and rescue
8. Strict implementation of fire codes  Non-compliance or violation
9. Dissemination of fire safety  Problem in relaying/informing small
information households and small businesses
Protective Services-RESCUE
1. Permanent evacuation area  Evacuees are not concentrated in one
area
2. Understaffed: (responder, office  Slow response
staff, technical staff)
3. Additional technical rescue  Cannot respond to high-rise building
equipment (high- rise angle rescue)
Sports and Recreation-City Sports Development Office
1. Lack of sports staff personnel  Points to prolong field assignments
and documentations for immediate
feedback of sports task
2. Sports facilities/location for trainings  For local athletes to have a specific
of different sports (indoor and area of trainings
outdoor games)  To have an area for tournaments that
will cover and accommodate big
volume of participants and audiences
3. Potential athletes and active athletes  Athletes will have the zest to continue
prioritization their chosen field of sports and
schooling at the same time
4. Continue the programs of priority  Identify the city in terms of sports and
sports: ball games, contact sports, known athletes
table games, aquatic sports, athletic
games and precision sports
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5. New techniques and strategies on  For upgrading advancements
supervising the athletes
6. Sports recognitions  For local athletes’ and coaches’
prestige
Social Welfare-CSWDO-City Social Welfare Development Office
1. Lack of personnel (Registered Social  Cannot immediately respond/attend
Worker) to clients in need
2. Lack of social welfare facilities such  High risk on the safety of lives both
as: for the victims of abuses and minor
a) Women and Children Crisis offenders; need of vehicle to
Center transport client to and from the
b) CICL Rehab Center Institution
c) Center for Street Children
3. Lack of service vehicle to transport  Delayed transaction, delayed services
clients to and from their destination
4. Lack of storage for stockpiling of relief  Relief goods are often seen along the
goods especially during disaster hallway outside of the CSWD Office
emergencies
5. Lack of practical skills training and  Increased number of women who are
productivity center especially for idle and unproductive
women
6. Lack of Day Care Center / renovation  Increasing number of pre-schoolers
of existing old Day Care Centers (3 who are not enrolled in Day Care
day care centers) Center (3-4years); Unsafe existing old
Day Care Center
7. Increasing number of domestic  Increased number of women and
violence cases children abuse cases, street children
and CICL
8. Lack of funds to provide livelihood  Increased number of cases of family
capital assistance to families with low problems resulting to number of crimes
means and no income committed
9. Increasing number of youth  Increased number of street children
delinquents
1.4.2 Environment Sector
Polluted Laguna Lake. Santa Rosa is located in the western part of Laguna de
Bay,the largest lake in the Philippines and also referred to as Laguna Lake. The lake
is naturally scenic and highly productive, but it is polluted as a result of human
activities in the watershed carried via tributaries or directly into the lake. For example,
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the discharged raw sewage into waterways is transported to the lake, thus
contributing to excessive ammonia, a cause of fish kills.
Saltwater Intrusion. Saltwater intrusion can happen when waters from Manila Bay
flush into the lake and lakeshore communities exceed the safe yield limits of their
aquifers.
Presence of Total Fecal Coliform in Wells. Out of the 77 wells, 26 wells tested
positive for total coliform and from this number, about 12 wells were found to be
positive for fecal coliform (Escherichia coli or E. coli). The study identified possible
sources of total and fecal coliform in groundwater such as agricultural runoff, effluent
from septic tank systems or sewage discharges, and infiltration of domestic or animal
fecal matter. Fecal coliform in deepwell water suggests recent groundwater
contamination (or the aquifer system) from sewage or from animal waste.
Unfavorable Conditions within Immediate Well Area. Seven possible cases were
recorded of unfavorable physical conditions within the immediate well area which
have contributed to the contamination of aquifer, and these include: (1) submerged
well base; (2) well near canal and waterways; (3) cracked well concrete base; (4)
absence of a concrete base or concrete pedestal; (5) well located on top of canal or
waterway; (6) poor condition of casing, pump assembly/parts; and (7) proximity to
and location down gradient of toilet or septic tank. These conditions are aggravated
by flooding and the regular use of the well area for washing and bathing, which
facilitate entry of contaminated water into the aquifer through the well casings or
openings on the ground.
Need to Formulate an Air Quality Management Framework. The CENRO plans to

prepare an air quality management action plan to address air pollution problems,
reduce emission of air pollutants from stationary and mobile sources, and protect the
health of its people.
Lack of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. The entire city lacks wastewater

treatment facilities. The wastes are discharged into surface waters like rivers, creeks
and to Laguna Lake. Consequently, liquid wastes from the city contribute to the
unfavorable Class C status of Laguna Lake.
Occurrence of Flooding. The overflow of water from Laguna de Bay contributes

significantly to flooding as the water level rises due to heavy rainfall. During
prolonged or abnormal precipitation and cyclonic episodes, floodwaters can remain
for two to three months in the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Caingin and Aplaya.
The deepest flood level reaches to almost one meter in Brgy. Tagapo. River walls in
Brgys. Macabling and Tagapo are badly damaged during these flood events.
Susceptibility to Liquefaction. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran,

Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction. Brgys. Tagapo and
Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while Pooc has moderate to high
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susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago, Dila and
Dita.
1.4.3 Infrastructure and Utilities
Poor Level III Water System Service. The Level III water system has poor level of
service characterized by low to zero pressure during peak demand, high non-
revenue water due to presence of leaks in pipes, and old and undersized pipes.
Groundwater Exploitation. Level I systems are not monitored and can led to
groundwater exploitation. Based on the available 1998 data, groundwater extraction
has already reached 60 percent of the safe groundwater yield.
If left unchecked, the groundwater depths may increase resulting in higher pumping
costs and further ground subsidence. It can also lead to degraded quality of water for
the Level I system as articulated by participants during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis
Workshop. The respondents complained that water from the wells were already
getting dirty, taste different, and at times looked gray or yellowish as caused by the
contamination of water wells and tables and had likely caused increase in water-
related diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea.
Lack of Sanitation and Toilet Facilities during Disaster Response. A special

concern for this infrastructure sub-sector is the lack of sanitation and toilet facilities
during disaster response as identified during the 2012 Sectoral Analysis Workshop. It
was noted that there was an increase in the number families getting sick while in
evacuation centers.
Drainage Problem. Based on the study, it reveals that most of the drainage structure
are either insufficient to catch surface run-off due to structures that are damaged.
This condition coupled with encroachment of informal settlers along river banks
results to flooding in the low-lying areas.
Based on technical studies conducted by Japanese and UP Los Baños researchers,
it is estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by 22
percent in 2025, reckoned from 2014 level, if the current urban development scenario
is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180 hectares of
flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. This projection is based on the
rapid land conversion from agricultural to residential and industrial uses, thereby
increasing impervious areas.
Declining Cultivation of Agricultural Lands. As of 2013, there is only one

antiquated irrigation facility, rehabilitated in 2010, in Santa Rosa City
Need for LEED-Certified Government Centers. There is also a need for

government centers to become LEED-certified to set a good example in efficient
energy management.
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ICT Sub-sector Concern. There is minimal/unreliable access to the internet of

government centers which hamper efficiency for conducting business. Furthermore,
communications are unreliable due to intermittent mobile phone signals within the
city and the use of non-fiber optic telephone lines. The latter has created
apprehension among investors relying on ICT inasmuch as the desired infrastructure
is already in place.
Lack of Land for MRF. The main issue identified as far as solid waste is concerned
is the lack of land for MRF and pick-up stations. Residents complain when these
facilities are near their houses with the fear of diseases and bad odor and fumes.
1.4.4 Transportation
The table below summarizes the issues and concerns relevant to the transportation
sector.
Possible Solution
Concerns
CPDO/CTMEO
1. Lack of traffic  Indicated in the CLUP  Conduct strategic Traffic
masterplan 2000-2015 but was Impact assessment.
not pursued  Promote the three E’s of
traffic management.
formulation.
2. Minimal use of  Environment friendly,  Provision of bicycle lanes,
bicycles Good for the health bicycle specific route, etc.
aside from sidewalk.
public transport inconvenient for the connecting the old city to
system linking the east commuting public the more developed part of
(old city area) to the the city or a new route of
west part of the city public vehicles from east
(NUVALI area) to south
4. Lack of ferries  Will lessen the load of  Accreditation of ferries,
traveling from one commuters using promotion of water
LGU to another using public roads transport as a means of
the Laguna de Bay traveling
route
5. Improved capability  CTMEO staff prone to  Trainings, capacity
and safety of CTMEO harassments building, hiring of
staff additional staff if needed,
additional equipment
(camera, batons, radios,
etc.) etc.
6. Started partnership  Increase awareness  Traffic safety park,
with TAP and Rotary of students about inclusion of traffic safety
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Possible Solution
Concerns
Club in local traffic traffic safety education in school
education children’s curriculum
7. No motorpool/  Impounded vehicles  Provision of motorpool
impounding area are considered
eyesore in front of
police stations
8. Lack of traffic signs  Commuters or  In partnership with the civil
pedestrian doesn’t society, provide adequate
observe local traffic traffic signs
rules
9. Lack of pedestrian  Pedestrian is highly at  Provision of pedestrian
overpass in heavy risk to motor overpass in accident-prone
traffic and accident- accidents areas
prone areas
1.4.5 Local Economic Sector
Shrinking Agricultural Sector. The agricultural sector will shrink further in terms of
employment in view of the decreasing hectares of land devoted to farming, livestock
and fishing and seemingly lack of interest of farmers to cultivate the land. The
Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Zone Areas (SAFDZ) of Santa Rosa situated
alongside the lakeside areas are not fully utilized by the farmers-fishermen for food
production purposes, especially the cultivation of high-value crops and raising of
livestock animals.
Increase of Economic Activities and Opportunities in the City. The influx of the
BPO industry has resulted to an Increase of economic activity in the city, jobs
availability and other opportunities. The CPDO suggested to provide incentives for
the BPO companies and work closely with BPAP and Philippine Chamber of
Commerce in attracting new investors. The lack of available labor manpower in the
BPO industry resulted in untapped job opportunities due to skills mismatch.
Non-functional Investment Code/Investment Office. This may induce attracting

new investors and encouraging expansion of existing businesses.
Weak Support to SME’s. The weak support to SME’s resulted to limited

employment and decrease economic activities.
Few Functional Cooperatives. Few functional cooperatives lead to benefits like tax
exemptions, among others, were not enjoyed by non-members.
Issues and Concerns in Commerce and Trade. In terms of commerce and trade,
the Business Permit and License Office presented the following findings: long list of
clearances/requirements being asked from the tax payers/business owners by the
national agencies; duplication of requirements being asked of the taxpayers; land use
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classification of business establishments; and boundary disputes among barangays.

The taxpayers are discouraged in securing their permits. There are also
conflicts/disputes among business owners and citizenry, and confusion among
Barangay Captains.
Land Use Shifting and Other Issues in Agriculture. The City Agriculture Office
identified the shifting of land use from agricultural to residential, commercial and
mixed-use and irrigation problems during the development of agricultural lands. The
decreasing agricultural productivity and high cost of production due to high costs of
farm inputs are identified as the major issues and concerns, which result to reduced
area for agricultural production.
Social Problems. Social problems have been caused by the influx of emigrants. The
social and economic problems result from relocation programs. The remaining areas
for agricultural production decrease further due to lack of irrigation. There has been
decline in food commodity contribution, and consequently problems in food security.
1.4.6 Local Administration and Finance
The matrix below summarizes the issues and concerns pertaining to local
administration and finance.
Technical Findings/Observations Implications (Effects)

Unclear barangay territorial Unclear delineation of land and property
boundaries Losses in terms of income from
property/business tax
Lack of city government-owned lands Limited capacity of the LGU to engage in
future development
Increase demand for government Difficulty in the proper targeting of
services appropriate beneficiaries for timely delivery
of services
1.5 Comparative Advantages and Competitive Edge
1.5.1 Economic Potentials
The economic activities of Santa Rosa City are fueled by the presence of four
industrial sites. There are also three major BPO company locators. The employment
environment is favored by the presence of trainable local manpower and the entry of
foreign direct investments.
Santa Rosa City has been identified by BPAP and DOST-ICTO as the 2nd Next
Wave City in ICT (2010) and ranked # 84 by Tholons Consultants among all the cities
in the world as the ideal BPO location.
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The physical accessibility of the city is reinforced by the near future construction of
new  major roads (Cavite-Laguna Expressway and Laguna Lake Circumferential
Road), among others.
1.5.2 Competitiveness of the LGU
Among all the cities of the Philippines, the overall competitiveness of Santa Rosa
City greatly improved from 67th rank in 2014 to 64th rank in 2015. Economic
dynamism reflected the same trend. However, the city exhibited declining rank in
terns of government efficiency and infrastructure competitiveness from 114th to 174th
in 2014 and from 22nd to 33rd in 2015, respectively.
In terms of government efficiency, Santa Rosa City ranked first in LGPMS

transparency score and compliance to national directives for LGU. The ranking of the
city markedly expanded from 87th in 2014 to 3rd in 2015 in terms of health. Likewise,
the ranking on economic governance score in LGPMS went up from 133rd in 2014 to
88th in 2015. The table below shows the competitiveness of Santa Rosa City in 2014
and 2015 in terms of economic dynamism, government efficiency, and infrastructure.
2014 2015
Rank Score Rank Score
Overall Competitiveness 67 67 34 35.5250
Economic Dynamism 41 41 36 9.6240607
Local Economy Size 28 28 29 0.457726
Local Economy Growth 55 55 571 0.193431
Jobs NDA NDA 726 2.008650
Inflation Rate 30 30 - -
Financial Institutions 38 38 16 2.302026
Productivity NDA NDA 267 0.004448
Business Groups 53 53 32 0.478927
Cost of Doing Business 23 23 726 2.008650
Government Efficiency 114 114 174 15.978791
Transparency Score in LGPMS 1 1 1 3.333333
Economic Governance Score in LGPMS 133 133 88 3.258333
Ratio of LGU Collected Tax to LGU
47 47 - -
Revenues
LGU Competitions Related Awards 57 57 523 0.000000
Business Registration Efficiency 114 114 479 2.715910
Investment Promotion 100 100 239 2.500000
Compliance to National Directives for LGUs 1 1 1 3.333333
Security 102 102 - -
Health 87 87 3 1.082181
Schools NDA NDA 94 0.435132
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2014 2015
Rank Score Rank Score
Infrastructure 22 22 33 9.9221623
Existing Road Network 28 28 140 0.000350
Distance of Center to Major Ports 61 61 443 2.938298
DOT Accredited Accommodations 30 30 267 0.000000
Health Infrastructure 55 55 3 1.082181
Education Infrastructure 120 120 94 0.435132
Availability of Basic Utilities 1 1 1 3.333333
Annual Investments in Infrastructure 39 39 443 0.205139
Connection to ICT 12 12 188 0.550528
Number of ATMs/td> 5 5 14 1.052910
Number of Public Transportation Systems 42 42 - -
Source: Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness
1.5.2.1 Increased Collection from Taxes
The sources of tax revenue of the Santa Rosa City include local taxes from business
such as community tax, real property tax and other local taxes, fines and penalties,
professional tax, amusement tax, franchise tax, printing and publication tax, property
tax, and tax on delivery trucks and vans.
Generally, the collection from local taxes exhibited an upward trend from 2010 to
2013. This significantly contributed to the continuous growth in total income for the
mentioned period.
1.5.2.2 Operating and Miscellaneous Revenues
The city also generates income from permits and licenses (fees on weights and
measures and franchising and licensing fees. The other sources of revenue are
permit fees, registration fees, and fines/penalties from permits/licenses; service
income from clearance and certification fees, garbage fees, inspection fees and other
service income; business income from hospital fees, cemetery operation, markets,
slaughterhouse and other business income; and other income covering dividend
income, income from grants and donation, interest income, internal revenue
allotment (IRA), share from economic zones, miscellaneous income; and share from
PAGCOR/PCSO. The average annual revenue from other income equivalent to
PhP522.81 million dominates the general income representing 35 percent of the total
income.
Generally, the total income of the city has demonstrated a positive growth of 12
percent per year from 2010 to 2013.
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1.6 Functional Role Of The City
The functional role of Santa Rosa City is reflected in its vision as follows:
“A Resilient, Safe and Secured, Transport-Friendly and Green City

with Healthy, Productive, Connected, and Empowered Citizenry
served by an Efficient, Transparent, Inclusive, and Participatory
Government”
The City of Santa Rosa is envisioned to become a Transport-Friendly and Green City,
given the development thrusts or goals such as industrial, commercial and tourism
development. As a transport-friendly city, it will address the issues of lack of traffic
masterplan; minimal use of bicycles; lack of a dedicated public transport system
linking the east (old city area) to the west part of the city (NUVALI area); lack of
ferries traveling from one LGU to another using the Laguna de Bay route; improved
capability and safety of CTMEO staff; lack of motorpool/impounding area; lack of
traffic signs; and lack of pedestrian overpass in heavy traffic and accident-prone
areas.
Santa Rosa City can adhere to the following characteristics of a Green City by
adopting the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) key elements of a green, livable and
sustainable city:
 Low levels of environmental and climate change impact: Developing cities

that recycle, manage waste in innovative ways and use renewable energy
resources.
 Inclusive development and engaged residents: City planning that includes all
residents, including the poor and disadvantaged, and mechanisms for people
to affect the decisions being made about how their city is developed and
managed.
 Resilience to disasters and other shocks: City planning and development that
anticipates the impact of natural hazards and helps keep people safe and
infrastructure intact.
 Cultural and historic preservation: The recognition of the value of a city’s

cultural heritage and history, and city planning that incorporates these
elements.
Green space and walkability: Moving away from developing cities around roads and
automobile traffic and creating vehicle free areas.
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1.7 SWOT Analysis
A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a

“matching” procedure which means aligning internal factors with external factors for
the primary purpose of formulating feasible strategies or courses of action. The
SWOT is also an analytical technique that will serve as a guide to the following
activities: generating the stakeholders’ vision for their locality, formulating the
development framework, proposing development alternatives, and devising sectoral
and land use strategies for the comprehensive land use and development plans.
Strengths and weaknesses which are internal to the municipality are those which are
within its power to control or solve while opportunities and threats which are external
to the city are those which it could utilize or minimize even though they are outside its
circle of influence.
1.7.1 Internal Strengths and Weaknesses and External Opportunities and

Threats
Strengths
 Strategic Location
 Industrialized
 Highly Urbanized / Commercial
 Rich in Water Resources
 Non-IRA Dependent
 ICT/Computerized City Government Operations System
 Strong Political Will
 Presence of Tourist Spots (EK, Golf)
 Strong Collaboration Between Government, Private and Civil Society
organizations
 Strong TechVoc Schools
Weaknesses
 Flood-Prone Area
 Urban Problems (Traffic issues, environmental degradation, housing/
development of slums, peace and order)
 Traffic Congestion
 Lack of Tertiary Schools
 Lack of Government-Owned Lands
 Outdated Baseline Data
Opportunities
 Next Wave City / Tholons Ranking

 Increasing Job Opportunities
 Green Technology in Establishing Master Planned Communities
 Highly Urbanized City
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 Water Transport System

 Development of Cuartel De Sto. Domingo
Threats
 Aggressive Investment Promotional Campaigns of Neighboring LGU’s

 Development and Industrialization of Upland Cavite
 Deterioration of Laguna Lake
1.7.2 SO, WO, ST and WT Strategies
After identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats relative to

Santa Rosa City, the SWOT analysis proceeds to matching up or combination of the
four components that leads to the formulation of four types or groups of strategies,
namely, SO, WO, ST and WT strategies. SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategies
are based on using the city’s internal strengths to take advantage of external
opportunities. WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) strategies aim at improving internal
weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities. ST (Strengths-Threats)
strategies are based on using the city’s strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of
external threats. WT (Weaknesses-Threats) strategies are directed at overcoming
internal weaknesses and avoiding environmental and other threats.
S-O Strategies
 Match local manpower skills with the required standards of industry (ICT,
Mfg., etc.) through training, capability building
 Invite potential investors/aggressively promote the city to the target locators
as the ideal investment location.
 Apply and upgrade the city status from a component city to highly urbanized
city
 Promote comprehensive tourism package linking local tourist attractions
(EK, old houses, Cuartel De Sto. Domingo, manufacturing plants like
Toyota, Nissin, Coca-Cola)
 Take advantage of strong and active presence of private sectors and civil
society in the promotion/conduct to projects and programs
 Maximize the technology (ICT) adopted in government services to promote
transparent, efficient and relevant services to Santa Rosa constituents.
 Adoption and mainstreaming green technology to government centers and
new developments. as exemplified by Master Planned Communities
S-T Strategies
 Operationalization of investment code through political will to promote the

city to investors
 Coordinate with upland Cavite for possible collaboration/metropolitan
arrangement to come up with a win-win solution in addressing their
development in relation to its effect (flooding in Santa Rosa)
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 Through the CPDC and CENRO, collaborate with LLDA and other related
agencies on how Santa Rosa can help/participate in taking care of Laguna
Lake
 Promote sustainable development in the management of local watershed
W-O Strategies
 Promote water transport system as alternative mode of transportation to

alleviate worsening traffic conditions
 Implement CBMS to identify unemployment rate, poverty rate, etc. to clearly
identify the people who most need scarce government services and avoid
free riders that will strain the city resources
 Promote the conversion of the city to HUC to be able to have a sole and
dedicated congressman that will lobby the national government in providing
additional tertiary schools, hospital supports, etc.
W-T Strategies
 Implementation of the Drainage Master Plan awaiting metropolitan

agreement with upland Cavite in mitigating flooding in the city.
 Training/capability building of non-civil service eligible employees to match
the needed skills standard of BPO and other industries.
 Relocate informal settlers encroaching on Laguna Lake to a relocation
housing site through a government housing program (to protect and restore
Laguna Lake and social housing services to deserving indigent members of
the community).
1.8 Development Potentials and Constraints
In the 3rd CLUP stakeholders’ Consultation conducted on April 10, 2013, the CLUP
Team produced the SWOT analysis which was also articulated in the same workshop
by the identification of the city’s development potentials and constraints. The
potentials may be said to articulate the strengths and opportunities while the
constraints may be said to elucidate the weaknesses and threats. The potentials and
constraints cover the political, social, economic, infrastructural, environmental and
land use sectors that reflect the totality of the city’s current developmental situation.
1.8.1 Development Potentials
Stable Political Leadership – Continuity of programs is ensured for the next three
years. The local chief executive is a hands-on leader with a strong political will to
enforce even unpopular policies.
1.8.1.1 Economic Activities
 Fueled by the presence of 4 industrial sites;
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 3 major BPO company locators;

 Unique tourist attraction mix;
 Trainable local manpower, presence of investment code;
 Identification by BPAP and DOST-ICTO as the 2nd Next Wave City in ICT
(2010) and ranked #84 by Tholons Consultants among all the cities in the
world as the ideal BPO location; and
 Physical accessibility to be reinforced by the near future construction of new
major roads (Cavite-Laguna Expressway and Laguna Lake circumferential
road), among others.
1.8.1.2 Ideal Social Milieu
 More than enough numbers of primary and secondary educational

institutions;
 Present and future sites of major universities (UST, Don Bosco, Miriam,
Ateneo, St. Scholastica, etc.);
 Adequate health facilities;
 Controlled peace and order situation;
 Availability of parks and recreational centers;
 Ready, coordinated and functional disaster risk reduction and management
institution; and
 Strong presence of active private sectors/civil society government partners,
among others.
Adequate and steady supply of electricity, water, and telephone lines

(connectivity)
1.8.1.3 Empowered and Responsible Component Barangays
 It has a clear and transparent provision of local taxes (tax code), functional
inter-agency committees (LDC, CDRRMC, etc.), enacted Environmental
Code, and Investment Code, among others.
1.8.1.4 Rich watershed
 Located near Metro Manila (Nation’s Capital) and Tagaytay City (famous
tourist destination).
 Presence of world-class residential Master Planned Communities with
famous parks and commercial areas.
1.8.1.5 Development Constraints
 Perennial flooding
 Deterioration of the environment specially the Laguna Lake
 Skills mismatch between local talent and industry
 Unclear barangay territorial boundaries
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 Lack of essential data such as poverty level, number of indigents, and

unemployment rate, among others, prevent the efficient implementation of
programs, especially social programs.
 Outdated and insufficient data
 Lack of city government-owned lands
 Limited tourism potential of Cuartel de Sto. Domingo
 Due to urbanization, increase demand of government services taxing the
resources of the city
Less
Priority Matrix Important
Important
Urgent  Perennial flooding
 Lack of essential data
 Lack of city government owned lands
 Unclear barangay territories
Less Urgent  Disfragmented/Uncoordinated tourism
approach
 Skills mismatch between local talent and
industry
 Deterioration of the environment,
especially the Laguna Lake
Responsibility
Problem/Issues Possible Interventions
Center
1. Perennial A. Pre-Disaster Intervention LCE
flooding 1. Infrastructure programs in CDRRMC
accordance with the Drainage Master CDRRMO
Plan LDC
2. Construction of permanent ABC
evacuation centers (not public
CPDC
schools)
CUDHO
3. Permanent relocation of people living
in high-risk areas and other City
Departments
4. IEC on city’s disaster risk and
disaster preparation
5. CDRRMC and BDRRMC
preparedness-trainings and drills
6. Organization of disaster related
organizations/volunteers
7. Identification of high-risk population
8. Coordination with national
government agencies, nearby LGUs
on activities regarding disaster
preparedness
B. During Disaster
1. Ready Rescue Officers
2. Ready stock of supplies, disaster kits,
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Responsibility
Problem/Issues Possible Interventions
Center
tents, etc.
3. Ready evacuation centers
C. Post-Disaster Programs
1. Evacuation Management (health,
basic need provisions, livelihood
activities)
2. Clean-up activities
2. Lack of essential Conduct of regular CBMS CPDC
data
3. Lack of city Land banking LCE
government SP
owned lands Local Finance
Team
4. Increase Correct and accurate targeting of CPDC
demand of beneficiaries – conduct of regular CBMS
government
services
5. Unclear Passage of Sanggunian ordinance LCE
barangay identifying individual territories SP
territories ABC
6. Fragmented/ Formulation of a Tourism Master Plan LCE
uncoordinated CPDC
tourism LDC
approach
ABC
7. Skills mismatch Provision of training courses in partnership CPDC
between local with local private companies/industries, SRMTC
talent and relevant NGOs, and national government DepEd
industry agencies like TESDA
LCE-SP
8. Deterioration of 1. IEC on the status of the Laguna Lake
the environment, and Watershed
especially the 2. Establishment of a sewerage system
Laguna Lake 3. Establishment of MRF in every barangay
4. Tree planting
5. Coordination and cooperation with NGA
programs (Manila Bay Clean-up, LLDA
activities, etc.)
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Section
VISION AND CCA/DRR

2 MAINSTREAMING
2.1 Vision
The preceding situational analysis that dealt with identifying sectoral issues and
concerns, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as development
potentials and constraints has resulted to the formulation of the following well-crafted
vision for the city that is inspiring, inclusive, realistic and attainable:
“A Resilient, Safe and Secured, Transport-Friendly and Green City with Healthy,
Productive, Connected and Empowered Citizenry served by an Efficient,
Transparent, Inclusive, and Participatory Government.”
2.2 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk

Reduction in Santa Rosa City CLUP Formulation
2.2.1 Exposure of Santa Rosa City to Hazards
As shown in Table 2-1, Santa Rosa City is exposed to flood, liquefaction, landslide
and erosion hazards. Flood, landslide and erosion hazards are influenced by
climatic events while liquefaction hazard is induced by the geologic event of
earthquakes. Unlike other areas, such as those along marine coastal areas, the city
is not exposed to hazards such a sea level rise, tsunami and storm surge. Flood,
landslide and erosion natural phenomena are influenced by the climatic element of
rainfall which can be brought about by typhoons, extended rainfall, strong
thunderstorms and La Niña episodes--natural events that can be traced to climate
change that the planet is currently experiencing. These hazards are currently being
experienced yearly by the city since they are induced by rainfall.
Table 2-1: Disaster/Hazard Susceptibility/Exposure Inventory Matrix of Santa

Rosa City
Barangay Flood Liquefaction Landslide Erosion

Aplaya  
Balibago 
Caingin  
Dila 
Dita 
Don Jose  
2-1
Section 2. VISION AND CCA/DRR MAINSTREAMING
Barangay Flood Liquefaction Landslide Erosion

Ibaba  
Kanluran  
Labas  
Macabling 
Malitlit 
Malusak  
Market Area  
Pooc  
Pulong Santa 
Cruz
Santo Domingo  
Sinalhan  
Tagapo 
Of the three hazards of flooding, landslide and erosion, it is flooding that presents
a high risk to the population, urban use areas, natural resource-based
production areas, critical point facilities and lifeline utilities – especially those
located in the northern flat areas with low slopes and elevation. The landslide-prone
area in the south along the Diezmo and Lumbia rivers have not been known to
experience the hazard as yet. Soil erosion is an imperceptible and slow process but,
taken together over the years, it is the cause of siltation of rivers that in turn
exacerbate flooding in the northern lowland section of the city.
It may be mentioned that the three hazards mentioned above are exacerbated by
anthropogenic activities in the uplands of Silang within the Silang-Santa Rosa
subwatershed. These activities pertain to the denudation of secondary forest,
commercial tree plantations and grasslands in Silang brought about by urban
development that allows rainwater to flow quickly to the lowlands of Santa Rosa City
and Cabuyao City without being caught by vegetation or absorbed by the soil. It is
important that the watershed is managed well especially in terms of maintaining the
ground cover in the higher elevations and steeper slopes of Silang in order to
minimize the occurrence of the three hazards in the cities of Santa Rosa and
Cabuyao.
With regard to liquefaction, this is still a potential hazard since it is dependent on the
occurrence of an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves and loosens the
weak alluvial rock stratum and the soft silty loam soil in the northern half of the city.
The loosening of the rock and soil layers will allow the entry of water and
consequently cause the weakening of the foundations of urban structures that in turn
can cause loss of lives and property. As will be described in more detail later,
studies point out that the 100-kilomter fault line running from Rodriguez, Rizal to
Tagaytay City is predicted to move anytime as it has already reached its 200- to 400-
year cycle of movement. Santa Rosa City will definitely be affected since its southern
boundary in Brgy. Sto. Domingo is just 10 kilometers away from the fault line.
2-2
2.2.2 Climatic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards
The climate of the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed in Laguna Province is Type I

which is marked by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season is brought by
cyclonic and orographic storms from the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea. The
prevailing winds are from the southwest (habagat) from late June to September and
from the northeast (amihan) from December to March.
Rainfall varies from higher parts to lower parts of the subwatershed. The higher
elevations of Silang, Cavite register annual rainfalls of 2800 millimeters, compared to
2000 millimeters in lower parts near the lake. Climate variation has a big influence on
flooding in lower Santa Rosa City. Downstream residents of the city report flooding
even when it is not raining. This is due to the Silang climate which experiences more
frequent and heavier rains. Stormwater runoff from Silang results in floods in the
lower sections of the subwatershed.
The mean annual rainfall for the subwatershed is 2436 millimeters. Of this rainfall,
1323 millimeters (or 54 percent) ends up as runoff, while 328 millimeters (or 13
percent) is percolated down to aquifers. The balance of 786 millimeters is
evaporated or transpired by trees. The monthly rainfall is presented in Table 2-2.
The annual rainfall varies from about 3000 millimeters in the headwaters to about
1800 millimeters on the lakeshore.
An average monthly rainfall of less than 40 millimeters is experienced during dry
months from January to April. The wet season peaks in July and August with about
430 millimeters rainfall per month. This is the period when flooding occurs in the
lower subwatershed.
2.2.2.1 Watersheds as Interconnected Ecosystems
The streams and rivers of the Silang-Santa Rosa subwatershed play an important
role in shaping the land as they carry water and sediment from the Taal Caldera
towards the lake. Rain falling on the land surface flows by gravity through a network
of gullies and streams and ultimately enters into the main river channel and in the
process exposing the city to hazards such as flooding, landslides, soil erosion and
siltation.
2-3
Table 2-2: Average Monthly Rainfall in Santa Rosa City (mm)
The Santa Rosa River, from which the subwatershed is partly named, finds its
headwaters from the eastern barangays of Silang, where tributaries flow to the main
channel into deeply incised gullies before reaching the Macabling weir, where the
stormwater is dispersed through a network of NIA irrigation canals before discharging
to Laguna Lake.
2-4
The land surface is subdivided into discrete, definable drainage areas known as sub-
basins, each drained by a single stream, fed by its tributaries. The Silang-Santa
Rosa subwatershed has more than 112 sub-basins (Figure 2-1). Each sub-basin has
its land use, soil group and slope characteristics.
2.2.3 Anthropogenic Influences on the Occurrence of Hazards
In the recent study on “Participatory Watershed Land-use Management: An

Approach for Integrated Climate Change Actions” of the University of the
Philippines-Los Baños and Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) of
Japan, it is estimated that the flood extent area of Santa Rosa City will increase by
22 percent in 2025, reckoned from the 2014 level, if the current urban development
scenario is allowed to run its course without intervention. This translates to 1,180
hectares of flooded areas, compared to 970 hectares in 2014. This projection is
based on the rapid land conversion from agricultural to residential and industrial
uses, thereby increasing impervious areas (Figures 2-2 and 2-3).
The summarized findings of the study are as follows:
 Impervious area of subwatershed increased by 54 percent (from 3,239

hectares to 4,988 hectares).
 Vegetated area decreased by 21 percent (from 8,509 hectares to 6,760
hctares.
 Upstream: Impervious area increased by 102 percent in upstream
municipality of Silang, and also increased in upstream parts of Biñan City and
Santa Rosa City, causing higher runoff (more frequent and intense floods
downstream).
 Downstream: The most flood-prone areas in the watershed underwent some
of the worst development.
Thus, as shown in the maps and the graph, a major problem with the hazards
experienced in Santa Rosa City lies in the human activities transpiring in Silang and
in the upstream parts of Biñan City. The vegetated areas such as the secondary
forests, coconut tree plantations and farmlands in these localities have been cleared
and turned into impervious surfaces through cementation and asphalting. In the
process, the rain water falling in these areas cannot be absorbed anymore by the soil
and most of it occurs in the form of runoff that rushes to Santa Rosa City and creates
hazardous situations in the form of flooding, landslides, soil erosion and siltation of
waterways. Hence, it is necessary that the Integrated Watershed Management
Council for the Silang-Sta.Rosa Subwatershed should be fully activated for the
purpose of seriouslycoordinating land use activities particularly in the upstream areas
of the subwatershed in order to substantially minimize the hazard exposure of Santa
Rosa City.
2-5
Figure 2-1: Sub-Basin Map of the Santa Rosa Watershed
2-6
Figure 2-2: Significant Development in Flood-Prone Areas in Selected Areas in Laguna
2-7
Figure 2-3: Land Use Changes Model: Do Nothing Scenario
2-8
Within Santa Rosa City itself, hazard-inducing anthropogenic activities should be

minimized and monitored. These activities include rampant removal of urban tree
stands, converting park grasslands to urban uses, indiscriminate throwing of solid
waste into waterways, occupance by informal settlers of river easements, and non-
practice by land developers and contractors of incorporating into their development
plans provisions for retention and detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales.
2.2.4 Exposure to Related Hazards of Flood, Soil Erosion and Landslide
As shown in Table 2-1 earlier, Santa Rosa City is susceptible or exposed to floods
and flashfloods and the barangays that are exposed to the hazard are those in the
northern lowland section of the city, namely, Aplaya, Caingin, Ibaba, Kanluran,
Labas, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc and Sinalhan. Exposure refers to people,
property, systems or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby
subject to potential losses. The flood-plain of the city where these barangays are
located comprises a total area of 302 hectares. When flashfloods occur, the
barangays that are most vulnerable to floodwaters coming from the uplands of Silang
and Biñan City and from Laguna de Bay are the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan,
Aplaya and Caingin (Figure 2-4).
Slight seasonal runoff flooding is characterized by accumulated shallow runoff flood

which subsides within a short period ranging from a few hours to three days. This
occurs in low to moderately low floodplains situated in Brgys. Kanluran, Malusak and
Ibaba. Floods in these areas are due to runoff accumulation coming from surrounding
elevated areas, low physiographic positions, poor infiltration, permeability
characteristics and drain ability outlet.
Moderate seasonal flooding is characterized by more frequent and deeper runoff

water. It takes a week to few months for water to subside. This condition is
observed along the lakeshore in Brgys. Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan and in the
adjacent northeastern portion of Brgys. Ibaba, Market Area and Tagapo. These
areas serve as the catchment of water coming from the upland areas and are
characterized by poor drain ability outlets and very low infiltration and hydraulic
conductivity.
The worst flooding events recorded in the city were during Typhoon Maring and
during the southwest monsoon or Habagat in 2013, wherein 16 out of 18 barangays
were affected by flash floods. Only barangays Sto. Domingo and Don Jose were not
flooded. The overflow of water from the Laguna de Bay contributed significantly to
flooding as the water level rose to 13.8 meters due to heavy rainfall. Floodwaters
remained for two to three months in the lakeshore barangays of Sinalhan, Caingin
and Aplaya. The deepest flood level reached to almost one meter in Brgy. Tagapo.
River walls in Brgys. Macabling and Tagapo were badly damaged during these flood
events.
In terms of the effects of flooding on exposure elements such as population,

natural resource-based production area, urban area, urban use area, critical
2-9
point facility and lifeline utility, the population is the most affected by abnormal
climatic events such as Typhoon Maring in 2013 and Typhoon Ondoy in 2009.
Residents living in the level to nearly level half of the city north of the South Luzon
Expressway were encumbered in the pursuit of their daily activities. Their movement
was hampered and the floodwaters reached up to the ground floor of their
residences. Both informal and formal settlers had to be evacuated in the evacuation
centers located mostly in Brgys. Ibaba, Aplaya, Sinalhan, Kanluran and Balibago.
In the case of the exposure element of natural resource-based production area,

floods have also either destroyed crops or lessened agricultural productivity since
these occur during the rainy months when the crops are at their growing stage.
Practically all of the agricultural areas are located in the lowland areas north of the
South Luzon Expressway as shown in the city’s existing land use map (Figure 2-5).
The existing land use map also shows that the densities of the exposure elements
of urban use area, critical point facility and lifeline utility are highest in the
section of the city north of the South Luzon Expressway which are most prone to
floods and flashfloods. The hazards hamper the activities and operation of the
commercial and institutional establishments, the critical point facilities such as health
centers, schools, day care centers, hospitals and the like, as well as lifeline utilities
such as transportation system, water system and sewerage and sanitation system.
In fact, during the occurrence of Typhoon Maring in 2013, river walls in Brgys.
Macabling and Tagapo were badly damaged by the floods.
As to soil erosion, Table 2-1 shows that only a limited portion of the city is
susceptible to slight erosion, i.e., in the undulating to rolling terrain of Brgys. Pulong
Sta. Cruz, Don Jose and Malitlit and in the rolling to moderately steep slopes of Brgy.
Sto Domingo. Here the soil series is mostly of Lipa Loam which is characterized as
having a mallow, loose and very friable fine granular texture and therefore quite
prone to erosion that can in turn contribute to siltation and flooding in the northern
lowlands of the city. However, this erodibility is mitigated by the soil’s moderate
hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate.
Soil erosion as a natural hazard does not pose a very significant problem in Santa
Rosa City as it is just categorized as slight erosion which can be easily mitigated by
vegetative and engineering interventions. In fact, presently these erosion-prone
areas south of the South Luzon Expressway are already covered with greenery by
low density residential areas, golf courses, and tourism developments. Furthermore
only lower densities of exposure elements such as population, farmlands, urban
establishments, critical point facilities and lifeline utilities can be found in this
southern half of the city.
2-10
Figure 2-4
2-11
In the case of the landslide hazard, this is just confined to the sloping southwestern
part of the city or, more specifically, to the steep banks of the Lumbia and Diezmo
rivers in Brgys. Sto. Domingo and Don Jose. The banks of the Diezmo River in the
south have a greater susceptibility to landslide compared to those of the Lumbia
River in the northern edge of the city (Figure 2-6). Although no landslide events have
so far been recorded in these areas, they are prone to the hazard on account of their
being located in undulating to rolling topography and their having steep-sided slopes
along rivers. Furthermore, it is observed that the landslide exposure of these areas
could be increased by their proximity to the West Valley Fault Line which, according
to the 2003 JICA study on earthquake impact reduction, can move anytime since it
has reached its 200- to 400-year cycle. In terms of exposure elements, only a small
proportion of the population is exposed to the hazard, although this exposure can be
substantially reduced by maintaining a liberal easement of, say, 20 meters along the
banks of the two rivers. Also, the exposure of agricultural areas, urban areas, critical
service establishments and infrastructure and utilities is noted to be minimal.
2-12
Figure 2-5
2-13
Figure 2-6
2-14
2.2.5 Exposure to Liquefaction
With regard to liquefaction, this potential hazard is located on the northern half of
the city when easily loosened alluvium rock and fairly loose sandy loam soil are
found. The barangays that are susceptible to disasters that can be caused by
liquefaction hazard are Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas,
Macabling, Malusak, Market Area, Dooc, Sinalhan and Tagapo.
Several areas in the city are susceptible to liquefaction (Figure 2-7). According to the
US Geological Survey (USGS), “liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water-
logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to
strong ground shaking.” This can cause major damage in buildings and other
structures during earthquakes. Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Kanluran,
Ibaba, Malusak and Caingin are highly susceptible to liquefaction. Brgys. Tagapo and
Labas have moderate susceptibility to liquefaction, while Brgy. Pooc has moderate to
high susceptibility. Areas of low susceptibility include Brgys. Macabling, Balibago,
Dila and Dita.
The effects of exposure to liquefaction can be brought about by an earthquake when

the West Valley Fault moves just around 10 kilometers away in Brgy. Sto. Domingo
(Figure 2-8). According to a study funded by the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA), the fault line can move anytime as it has already reached its 200- to
400-year cycle. This liquefaction susceptibility is due to the alluvium rock structure
underlying the area--a weak and easily loosened geologic foundation. Furthermore,
information from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
reveals that the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) is an active fault. Proof of this
is the discovery by the agency of landforms such as displaced alluvial fans, offset
streams, shutter and pressure ridges and directions of slickensides that suggest
recent right lateral movement or displacement of both faults of the MVFS. It is further
observed that in the part of the liquefaction area characterized as highly susceptible
to liquefaction, the soil type is the Quinga Fine Sandy Loam that is very prone to
liquefaction on account of its fairly loose structure.
With regard to the effects of the potential liquefaction on exposure elements, most
of the city’s population would be exposed to the hazard since the high population
densities are also located in the northern half of the city above the South Luzon
Expressway. In fact, the highest population densities with ranges of 10,241-14,208,
17,208-21,281 and 21,281-36,249 persons per square kilometer can be found in the
areas with moderate to high susceptibility to liquefaction. The lower population
density ranging from 2,133 to 6,188 persons per square kilometer lies within the area
with low susceptibility. It may be observed that the population exposed to
liquefaction is even greater than that exposed to flooding.
2-15
Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Section 2. VISION AND CCA AND DDR MAINSTREAMING

Figure 2-7
2-16

Figure 2-8
2-17
In fact, considering that ground shaking would be felt all over the city in an
earthquake event, residents in the southern section of the city could still be affected.
In terms of other exposure elements affected by liquefaction, the natural resource-

based production area of farming can also be affected by ground shaking and the
subsequent entry of water into ricefields, the breaking up of dikes and the destruction
of irrigation facilities which are mostly located in the northern half of the city. Urban
use areas in the north utilized mainly for commercial, residential, institutional and
tourism activities would likewise be exposed to the potential tremor and entry of
groundwater. Critical point facilities essential to basic needs provision concentrated
in the liquefaction-prone area would also be rendered inoperative, if not destroyed.
The same can be said of lifeline utilities concentrated in the north whose structures
can be destroyed by the tremor and whose operation can stop for a considerable
length of time considering that these are heavily built and costly structures.
2.2.6 Vulnerability Assessment of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risks
After the analysis of the exposure of Santa Rosa City to hazards and their
concomitant risks based on the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Six-Step
Process, what is now in order is the assessment of the vulnerability of the city to the
disaster risks posed by the hazards of floods, soil erosion, landslides and
liquefaction. The vulnerability of the five exposure elements just discussed
refers to their intrinsic characteristics that allow them to be damaged or
destroyed. That is, vulnerability would refer to the weakness or fragility of the social
and physical systems in relation to the severity of occurrence of a particular hazard.
2.2.6.1 Vulnerability Assessment to Related Hazards of Flood, Erosion and

Landslide
As shown in Table 2-1, the population of 9 out of 18 barangays of Santa Rosa City
are exposed yearly to floods and flashfloods. These flood-vulnerable barangays are
heavily populated and lowland areas north of the South Luzon Expressway and they
include Brgys. Aplaya, Caingin, Kanluran, Labas, Malusak, Market Area, Pook and
Sinalhan.
Among the most vulnerable sectors to flooding of the local population are the
informal settlers, i.e., people who establish housing on land to which they have no
legal claim. Often, they are known as squatters. These residents are very
vulnerable to flooding because their houses are made of light and salvaged materials
which can be easily carried away by strong flood cuments. They are also vulnerable
in the sense that most of them reside along river banks where flood waters originate.
Furthermore, their vulnerability also lies in their poverty-stricken condition that
prevents them from reacting effectively to the flooding hazard.
The presence of informal settlers in the city is alarming since they comprise a
significant proportion of the population. As Table 2-3 shows, there is a total of 8,093
families and 6, 217 houses in Santa Rosa City in 2016. Even assuming a
2-18
conservative average family size of 4, squatters would number more than 30,000
individuals in a projected population of 297,800 in 2015. As shown in the table and in
Figure 2-9, the squatters are concentrated in Brgys. Balibago, Dita, Macabling,
Malitlit, Pulong Santa Cruz and Santo Domingo. Except for the last two barangays
the other barangays are located in the northern flat and flood-prone section of the
city.
Many informal settlements are further observed to be illegally located along river
easements that are considered danger zones. As indicated in Table 2-4, these
vulnerable and endangered residents comprise 4,574 families in 2013 or roughly half
of informal settler families totaling 8,093. Their endangered houses totaling 3,504 in
2013 also make up roughly half of the total structures of 6,217 of informal settlers.
It may be observed that the informal settlers incongruously located in the tourism and
low residential density section of the city in Brgy. Santo Domingo are not only
vulnerable to river easement flooding but also to the hazard of landslide since they
are situated on the steeply sloping banks of the Lumbia River which are susceptible
to landslides and other forms of mass wasting.
Table 2-3: Number of Informal Settler Families, by Barangay, as of January

2016
NO. OF
# BARANGAY YEAR NO. OF FAMILIES
STRUCTURES
APLAYA TABING ILOG
1 2015 13 22
(APLAYA)
LUPANG ITIM
2 2015 53 91
(APLAYA)
66 113
BAGONG UMAGA HOA
3 2015 36 55
(BALIBAGO)
IN UNITY WE STAND
4 2015 226 359
(BALIBAGO)
KASIKAP
5 2015 32 51
(BALIBAGO)
SAMAHANG CHICOHAN
6 2015 104 98
(BALIBAGO)
PATIONG BATO
7 2015 44 71
(BALIBAGO)
GARCIA’S AND PEDROSO COMPOUND
8 2015 32 49
(BALIBAGO)
474 683
ORMOC
9 2016 20 40
(CAINGIN)
2-19
NO. OF
STRUCTURES
PULONG BUKID
10 2015 23 57
(CAINGIN)
TAGUMPAY AT PAG-ASA
11 2015 45 59
(CAINGIN)
12 SAMAHANG MARALITA P-4 2015 28 43
ANT-VILLE
13 2015 29 59
(DITA)
NAGKAKAISANG MARALITA NG
14 CONSOLE 2015 NO DATA NO DATA
(DITA)
SAMAHANG ACACIA
15 2016 10 10
(DITA)
BALAGBAG
16 2016 68 117
(DITA)
KAPATIRAN SAMAHANG
17 KAPUSPALAD 2015 82 105
(DITA)
HAPPYLAND HOA (formerly Burok
18 Burok) 2015 93 111
(DITA)
TABING-ILOG, TABING-BUKID
19 2015 13 23
(DITA)
C-4 AGUILAR COMPOUND
20 2015 55 59
(DITA)
ROBES VELANDRES/ ANGGAHAN
21 2016 50 67
(DITA)
SITIO 14-MANGGAHAN
22 2015 29 29
(DITA)
429 580
23 SAMAHANG NAGKAKAISA NEIGH. 2015 69 63
ASSN. (REGION 4)
(IBABA)
24 BUKLOD IBABA 2015 75 106
(IBABA)
144 169
26 CREEK BESIDE AGLIPAY 2015 17 17
(KANLURAN)
17 17
SITIO MASIIT
27 2015 165 277
(LABAS)
165 277
2-20
NO. OF
STRUCTURES
JORDAN 1
28 2015 145 204
(MACABLING)
JORDAN 2
29 2015 133 142
(MACABLING)
NAGKAKAISANG MAMAMAYAN
30 2015 15 17
(MACABLING)
IRAQ 1
31 2015 150 150
(MACABLING)
IRAQ 2
32 2015 335 398
(MACABLING)
SITIO PUTING TULAY
33 2015 174 219
(MACABLING)
SAMAHANG NAGKAKAISA NG NIA
34 ROAD 2015 23 23
(MACABLING)
SITIO IRAN
35 2015 90 118
(MACABLING)
1065 1217
DRUMAN II
36 2015 18 24
(MALITLIT)
PUROK 5&6
37 2015 236 298
(MALITLIT)
PUROK 5
38 2015 151 179
(MALITLIT)
PALETAHAN
39 2015 41 140
(MALITLIT)
SITIO HIMEDEZ
40 2015 84 132
(MALITLIT)
PH 1 BLK 25 KAPATIRAN SAN
41 LORENZO 2015 30 51
(MALITLIT)
GOOD SAMARITAN/EMIL’S COMPOUND
42 2015 38 81
(MALITLIT)
598 805
UNITED COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION
43 (formerly St. Claire) 2015 98 142
(MARKET AREA)
98 142
SAMAHANG MAGKAKAPITBAHAY NG
44 NIA POOC 2015 113 175
(POOC)
2-21
NO. OF
STRUCTURES
CAPT. PERLAS ST. RIVERSIDE
45 2015 168 236
(POOC)
281 411
CORAL NA BATO I
46 2015 250 333
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
CORAL NA BATO II
47 2015 180 196
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
SITIO ANO
48 2015 43 58
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
SITIO 500
49 2015 86 112
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
SAMAHANG BAYBAY ILOG
50 2015 68 134
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
SAMAHANG TABING ILOG
51 2015 944 1,195
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
ROAD SIDE (NEW HORIZONVILLE)
52 2015 130 211
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
SITIO ARATAN
53 2015 55 66
(PULONG SANTA CRUZ)
KABADA
54 2015 130 169
(SINALHAN)
NEAR DIAZ COURT
55 2015 8 10
(SINALHAN)
MAPALAD/NEAR BARANGAY HALL
56 2015 12 12
(SINALHAN)
150 191
SITIO CAWAD
57 2015 95 122
(SANTO DOMINGO)
PAMANA 1
58 2015 236 232
(SANTO DOMINGO)
PAMANA 2
59 2015 385 401
(SANTO DOMINGO)
716 755
DAANG NIA
61 2015 134 175
(TAGAPO)
134 175
TOTAL 6,217 8,093
2-22
Figure 2-9
2-23
Table 2-4: Community Associations and Number of Families Living in the

Danger Zones, City of Santa Rosa, 2013
# of # of
Barangay Name of Community Association
Structures Families
Ant-Ville 44 75
Dita Tabing-Ilog, Tabing Bukid 13 23
Sub-Total 57 98
Druman 22 48
Malitlit
Sub-Total 22 48
In Unity We Stand 223 301
Balibago Nagkakaisang Samahang Maralita 47 70
Sub-Total 270 371
Coral na Bato 167 197
Pulong Sta. Samahang Baybay (S.B.I.) 60 88
Cruz Samahang Tabing Ilog (S.T.I.) 608 901
Sub-Total 835 1,186
Sitio Cawad 92 105
Santo Pamana 2 385 411
Domingo Brookland 51 59
Sub-Total 528 575
Jordan I 145 204
Jordan II 133 147
Sitio Iraq I 150 150
Sitio Iraq II 347 403
Macabling
Sitio Puting Tulay 174 219
Samahang Nagkakaisa ng NIA 38 57
Road
Sub-Total 987 1,175
Sea Wall, Kabada, Bayside Settlers 130 165
(Merged)
Sinalhan Samahang Mapalad/Court 12 12
Near Diaz Court 8 10
Sub-Total 150 187
Ormoc 33 33
Pulong Bukid 23 57
Tagumpay at Pag-asa Comm. 40 40
Caingin
Assn.
Samahang Maralita P-4 48 63
Sub-Total 144 193
2-24
# of # of
Barangay Name of Community Association
Structures Families
Sama Saro 25 25
Tagapo Sama na Masa 134 175
Sub-Total 159 200
Samahang Nagkakaisa Neigh. 84 114
Assn.
Ibaba
Buklod Ibaba 90 127
Sub-Total 174 241
Sitio Masiit 165 277
Labas
Sub-Total 165 277
Aplaya Tabing Ilog 13 23
Aplaya
Sub-Total 13 23
TOTAL 3,504 4,574
Source: City Urban Development and Housing Office, City of Santa Rosa
Another city population sector that is vulnerable to floods, soil erosion and landslides
are the senior citizens who totaled 16,239 individuals in 2013 as indicated in Table
2-5. There are more females (N=7,820) than males (N=5,544) within the group. A
great majority of the aged persons are located in the flood-prone northern half of the
city above the South Luzon Expressway. Floods present a major problem to the
elderly on account of their impaired mobility and often less healthy condition. With
regard to landslides, only a few are vulnerable to the hazard as they total only to 259
in Brgy. Santo Domingo.
A third population sector that is vulnerable to flood, soil erosion and landslide are
persons with disability (PWD), i.e., those with psycho-social, mental, hearing,
chronic illness, verbal, learning, speech impairment, multiple disorder and orthopedic
disabilities. As of 2013, this group consists of 1,792 individuals with comparable
numbers belonging to the different disabilities except for the few ones with
psychosocial disability (Table 2-6). Also, males somewhat outnumber the females
(947 vs. 845) in this vulnerability category. It is noted that a great percentage of
PWDs are vulnerable to flooding and flashfloods as they are located in the flood-
prone lowland north of the South Luzon Expressway. Only a few are located in the
more elevated southern section of the city, although some of them are presumed to
be vulnerable to landslides along the steep banks of the Lumbia and Diezmo rivers in
Brgy. Santo Domingo. However, it is the flooding hazard that is of utmost concern to
city officials and residents as most of the PWDs are exposed and vulnerable to it.
As to urban use areas vulnerable to the related hazards of flooding, erosion and
landslide, practically all the urban uses are exposed to the hazards and these are
located in the northern half of the city above the South Luzon Expressway. There
are urban use areas located in this section of the city such as commercial,
institutional and tourism land uses that are scarcely found in the southern section of
the city.
2-25
In the case of natural resource-based production area such as agricultural areas,

since this vulnerability element is spread all over the city, they are vulnerable to all
the three hazards--particularly to flooding in the north (Figure 2-10). Although
farmlands are predicted to give way to urban land uses in the future, in the meantime
rice production in the city could be affected.
Table 2-5: Total Number of Senior Citizens, by Barangay, CWSD, City of Santa
Rosa, 2013
2013
Barangay
Male Female Total
Aplaya 343 433 776
Balibago 271 381 652
Caingin 393 464 875
Dila 480 712 1,192
Dita 567 815 1,382
Don Jose 368 403 771
Ibaba 198 275 464
Kanluran 315 456 771
Labas 426 733 1,159
Malusak 213 383 596
Macabling 294 410 704
Market Area 373 638 1,011
Malitlit 397 630 1,027
Pooc 434 629 1,063
Pulong Sta. Cruz 365 315 680
Sto. Domingo 116 143 259
Total 5,544 7,820 16,239
Table 2-6: Number of Persons with Disability and by Barangay, CSWD, City of
Santa Rosa, 2013
Pd Md Hd Ci Vd Ld Od Mud Si M-F
Barangay Total
M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F
15-
1-3 8-7 3-8 8-6 4-3 27-12 1-2 7-5 76-
Aplaya 12 134
=4 =15 =11 =14 =7 =39 =3 =12 58
=27
3-2 5-3 4-4 9-6 2-3 6-2 7-4 1-2 4-4 41-
Balibago 71
=5 =8 =8 =15 =5 =8 =11 =3 =8 30
12-
2-3 6-11 8-4 7-6 7-5 12-18 7-6 2-3 63-
Caingin 15 134
= =17 =12 =13 =12 =30 =13 =5 71
=27
2-4 9-7 11-8 6-7 2-6 9-7 16-15 2-2 5-8 62-
Dila 126
=6 =16 =19 =13 =8 =16 =31 =4 =13 64
3-1 5-2 4-2 7-4 4-6 5-9 8-5 2-3 6-4 44-
Dita 80
=4 =7 =6 =11 =10 =14 =13 =5 =10 36
2-26
Pd Md Hd Ci Vd Ld Od Mud Si M-F
Barangay Total
M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F M-F
3-0 1-6 3-5 4-4 1-3 9-8 7-5 4-0 5-1 37-
Don Jose 69
=3 =7 =8 =8 =4 =17 =12 =4 =6 32
2-2 4-2 3-4 2-5 2-8 4-3 7-6 1-2 2-3 27-
Ibaba 62
=4 =6 =7 =7 =10 =7 =13 =3 =5 35
1-2 9-6 3-5 8-4 11-6 6-6 7-9 2-3 7-2 54-
Labas 97
=3 =15 =8 =12 =17 =12 =16 =5 =9 43
4-1 3-11 9-3 6-4 2-5 9-2 6-2 5-1 3-4 47-
Macabling 80
=5 =14 =12 =10 =7 =11 =8 =6 =7 33
2-3 6-5 9-2 7-6 4-12 3-7 4-7 6-3 1-7 42-
Malitlit 94
=5 =11 =11 =13 =16 =10 =11 =9 =8 52
3-1 9-2 4-3 5-4 2-0 8-1 6-9 2-4 7-4 46-
Malusak 74
=4 =11 =7 =9 =2 =9 =15 =6 =11 28
Market 0-2 7-2 2-9 5-4 11-1 5-9 3-4 5-8 44-
6-5 88
Area =2 =9 =11 =9 =12 =15 =7 =13 44
1-4 2-6 3-5 6-0 1-3 9-3 7-6 6-1 5-8 40-
Kanluran 76
=5 =8 =8 =6 =4 =12 =13 =7 =13 36
3-7 7-11 7-9 10-4 3-9 13-4 8-6 6-7 9-13 660-
Pooc 136
=10 =18 =16 =14 =12 =17 =14 =13 =22 70
2-2 6-4 3-9 7-4 5-6 10-9 4-12 5-1 11-2 53-
Psc 102
=4 =10 =12 =11 =11 =19 =16 =6 =13 49
Sto. 1-2 8-3 10-2 2-5 8-2 4-6 7-6 4-0 7-1 51-
78
Domingo =3 =11 =12 =7 =10 =10 =13 =4 =8 27
14-
2-4 15-8 8-7 6-5 3-5 20-16 6-1 8-12 82-
Sinalhan 10 150
=6 =23 =15 =11 =8 =36 =7 =20 68
=24
16-
1-5 5-11 9-6 12-3 8-8 7-8 9-4 5-11 72-
Tagapo 13 141
=6 =16 =15 =15 =16 =15 =13 =16 69
=29
36- 128- 119- 113- 85- 128- 72- 99-
165-155 947-
Total 48 116 111 87 83 89 46 100 1792
=320 845
=84 =242 =230 =200 =178 =217 =118 =199
Legend:
Pd - Psychosocial Disability Ld - Learning Disability

Md - Mental Disability Si - Speech Impairment
Hd - Hearing Disability Mud - Multiple Disorder
Ci - Chronic Illness Od - Orthopedic Disability
Vd - Verbal Disability
2-27
Figure 2-10
2-28
With regard to critical point facilities, public city health centers that provide basic
health services especially to the poor of the community are vulnerable to flooding and
erosion. Of the 18 city health centers, 13 are located in the flood-prone half of the city
north of the South Luzon Expressway (Figure 2-11). Only one is vulnerable to
landslide along the Lumbia River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo. Education-wise, most
public elementary schools that provide basic educational foundation to the youth of
the city are vulnerable to floods and erosion. Of the 18 DepEd elementary schools in
the city, 12 are vulnerable to flooding and its erosive effects in the northern section of
the city (Figure 2-12). When floods occur during the rainy months, children’s school
attendance is affected. In the south, only one elementary school is vulnerable to
landslide along the Lumbia River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo. In the city, practically all of
the institutional establishments that provide basic services to the LGU
constituency are vulnerable to flooding and soil erosion. They are located in the very
low lakeshore barangays of Market Area, Tagapo, Kanluran and Malusak (Figure 2-
13). When floods occur, residents find it difficult to avail of the services of LGU
services. With regard to lifeline utilities, it is the water system of the city that is
most vulnerable to floods. When floods occur, residents find the water from wells
looking either gray or yellowish and tasting differently. This water quality increases
the incidence of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea. Another lifeline
utility that is severely affected every year by flooding is the city road transportation
system with its highest diversity being located in the northern half section of the city
(Figure 2-14). Vehicle and pedestrian movements of residents are hampered by
floodwaters that may stay in the streets for days. It is also in this section where most
tricycle, jeepney and bus terminals are located.
2.2.6.2 Vulnerability to Liquefaction
Compared to flooding, in terms of population element vulnerability, even more

informal settlers are vulnerable to liquefaction since the area covered by the latter
hazard is greater, i.e., even extending further south from the Old National Highway.
Even the fewer informal settlers in the southern half of the city are still vulnerable to
liquefaction since this section is still subject to ground shaking when the West Valley
Fault moves any day from now. The squatters’ weak and flimsy shelters can easily
be destroyed by the earthquake and subsequently get submerged in the ensuing
liquefaction event.
In the case of senior citizens, even more of them would be vulnerable to liquefaction
than to floods since the area covered by the former hazard is bigger. Persons with
disabilities (PWDs) would also have the same level of vulnerability as senior
citizens, most of whom are located in the liquefaction-prone northern half of the city.
When the earthquake and subsequent liquefaction occur as triggered by the
movement of the West Valley Fault, houses where old people and PWDs live could
be destroyed or toppled down and cause either injury or death to these physically
weak segment of the population. Senior citizens and PWDs numbered 16,239 and
1,792 individuals, respectively, in 2013.
2-29

Figure 2-11
2-30

Figure 2-12
2-31
Figure 2-13
2-32
Figure 2-14
2-33
2.2.7 Adaptive Capacity of Santa Rosa City to Disaster Risk Vulnerability
In response to flooding, the City’s adaptive capacity occurs in the form of 34

evacuation centers in the northern flood-prone half of the city, most which are
strung along the shores of Laguna Lake in Brgys. Aplaya and Sinalhan while the rest
are scattered further south. South of South Luzon Expressway may be seen six
evacuation centers in Brgys. Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo. Basic
goods assistance is also provided by the LGU as when it spent PhP6,750,000.00 to
purchase bags of goods that were distributed to 22,502 families who were victims of
floods in 2013.
Relocation/resettlement sites have also been established by the LGU for victims of
flooding, soil erosion and landslides in Brgys. Tagapo, Pook, Pulong Santa Cruz and
Don Jose (Figure 2-15). However, these appear to be inadequate considering that
there are 8,093 informal settler families in the city and most of them are located along
the flood-prone banks of the rivers. The relocation and evacuation sites can also be
used by residents affected by the occurrence of liquefaction; hence, there is a need
to increase the area of the relocation and evacuation sites in the higher and more
stable areas of the city.
The more immediate adaptive capacities of the city in response to the concerned
hazards occur in the forms of Special Rescue Units (SRUs) and protective
facilities. As shown in Figure 2-16, SRUs can respond to emergencies within a time
range of -5 to 10 minutes and a distance range of 1 to 5 kilometers within the
northern half of the city where most of the population are concentrated. Six protective
facilities are spread over the city. One Philippine National Police (PNP) station can
be seen in Brgy. Tagapo, while one Police Community Precinct (PCP) each is
located in Brgys. Balibago, Dita, Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose and Sto. Domingo
(Figure 2-17). These rescue and protective units are designed to address all the
hazards that the city is vulnerable to.
The LGU has active adaptive capacity programs for senior citizens, PWDs and
problem children who could also be affected by the hazards to which the city is
exposed. There is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program that provides cash
assistance of PhP500.00 to address short-term financial needs and conducts social
development or capability building seminars among poor families in order to break
the intergenerational poverty cycle. For PWDs, in particular, IDs and purchase
booklets are provided for medicines and prime commodities. Physical restoration
services are also provided for them in the form of wheel chairs, crutches, walkers,
hearing aides, nebulizers, canes, strollers, glucometers and prosthesis legs. For
senior citizens, the LGU has set up a Botika ni Lolo at Lola with a yearly budget of 2
million pesos that is used for the provision of free and quality medicines. For child-
related cases, the city also serves clients with problems related to child custody, child
abuse, human trafficking and rape case.
2-34
Figure 2-15
2-35
Figure 2-16
2-36
Figure 2-17
2-37
Most of the many city clinics are located the flood- and liquefaction-prone northern
half of the city. There are two City Health Offices--one in thickly populated Brgy.
Market Area and one in Brgy. Balibago. The many City Health Centers are further
located in the disaster-prone northern half of the city. To address more serious
health problems, the city has eight big hospitals, seven of which are in the flood and
liquefaction-prone part of the city while one is found in Brgy. Don Jose.
It appears that it is in the exposure element of drainage and sewerage where the
adaptive capacity of Santa Rosa City is weak with regard to mitigating the disastrous
effects of flooding. The storm drainage system in the city consists of reinforced
concrete pipes, open canals and reinforced concrete rectangular culverts. Many of
these drainage structures are presently closed, damaged and inadequate and their
sides are occupied by ‘informal’ settlers. These conditions do not allow the sufficient
catching and conveyance of surface runoff towards the lake, thus resulting in the
flooding of the low-lying northern half of the city.
One major adaptive strategy the city has accomplished is the publication of the Land
Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed where real estate agents
are provided guidelines on best management practices pertaining to storm water
management, flood mitigation and erosion minimization. In general, with regard to
watershed management practices, the guidebook provides directions in reducing
impervious surfaces and observance of low impact development. On the aspect of
structural practices, the document contains guidelines on the construction of water
detention ponds, grass filter strips, grassed swales, level spreaders, rock-line
channels, check dams, sediment basins and sediment traps.
Another important adaptive capacity the city has accomplished is the enactment of
City Ordinance No. 1720 of 2011, otherwise known as the “Environment Code of
the City of Santa Rosa.” The code addresses the problem of recharge and flooding
in the city by requiring land developers and contractors to incorporate in their
development plans provisions for retention and detention ponds, rain gardens and/or
swales.
The above two adaptive strategies are also emphasized by a study conducted by
Isao Endo for the Japan Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) in 2014.
What is emphasized in the study entitled “Participatory Land-Use Approach for
Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local
Planning” is the need for an ecosystem-based integrated watershed management
that seriously activates the functioning of the Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed
Management Council that will strictly observe the regulated use of the steep slopes
of Silang in terms of maintaining forests and/or tree cover that will mitigate water
runoff and consequently the flooding hazard experienced annually by Santa Rosa
City.
An adaptive capacity that needs to be developed for the city has to do with
addressing the potentially highly destructive character of liquefaction that can be
triggered any time by the movement of the West Valley Fault that runs just about 10
2-38
kilometers away from the city’s southern boundary. Based on a study conducted by
the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2003 and also on the
observations of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS),
the fault can move any time as it has already reached its 200- to 400-year movement
cycle. The earthquake event can cause liquefaction particularly in the northern half
of the city which has a weak geologic foundation and a loose soil structure.
Liquefaction in turn can cause destruction of urban structures, widespread fires as
well as injuries and loss of lives. The city needs to formulate an anticipatory
ordinance that will mitigate the impending destructive effects of this geologic
hazard.
2.3 Development Thrusts/Goals and Land Suitability Assessment
In the same 3rd CLUP Stakeholders’ Consultation, the participants articulated the
vision of the city in the form of thrusts that will guide the pursuit of the spatio-sectoral
development of the city within the ten-year (2016-2026) development period. The
status of the thrusts was also discussed while later they were converted into
development options. The identified development thrusts, namely, industrial,
commercial and tourism development, were converted into the following options: (1)
Option 1 – Industrial Development, (2) Option 2 – Industrial-Commercial
Development, and (3) Option 3 - Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism
Development. The three options were subjected to analysis and evaluation by the
workshop participants in terms of implications and positive interventions. The
workshop selected Option 3 – Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism Development as
the overall development thrust of Santa Rosa City for the next 10 years. The
Consultants tasked to continue the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan
later translated the development thrusts into a land suitability analysis that indicates
the proper locations of the industrial, commercial and tourism activities that will be
pursued in the city’s development. Later, the land suitability map produced will serve
as a guide in the formulation of the spatial strategy-cum-structure plan that will in turn
serve as the more detailed spatial guideline in the formulation of the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan.
2.3.1 Thrusts/Goals, Status, Remarks
Thrusts Status Remarks

Agricultural Development Diminishing agricultural Protect and support the
lands needs of farmers and
remaining agricultural
lands (irrigation,
technology, access to
financing, etc.)
Industrial Development Presence of 5 major Promote industrial parks
industrial parks, PEZA as a ready facility for
sites prospective investors
2-39
Thrusts Status Remarks

Tourism Development Presence of the country’s  Issues regarding
premiere theme park (EK), Cuartel de Sto.
National Heritage Site Domingo
(cuartel de Sto. Domingo),  Coordinated tourism
Common Industry program
Educational Trip
 Gateway to the famous
Destinations (Toyota,
Tagaytay City
Coke, Nissin, etc.),
Boating/
wakeboarding/golf
facilities, old houses, etc.
Commercial Development Multiple Commercial  Weak SMEs
development/areas (S,  Minimal presence of
Robinsons, SaveMore, cooperatives
PureGold, BudgetLane,
Old City Market, Rustans,
South Supermarket, Paseo
de Santa Rosa, Balibago
Complex, Waltermart,
Brusmick’s Place, Nuvali-
Solenad, etc.)
Forestry Development N/A N/A
Coastal Development  SAFDZ area along  Encroachment of illegal
Laguna Bay Area settlers along SAFDZ
 Already has a Coastal area
Development Project  Resistance from
Masterplan (Aplaya de environmentalists
Santa Rosa)
2.3.2 Identified Development Thrusts/Goals
1. Industrial – In accordance with the province and region’s framework

2. Commercial – Brought about by urbanization, helps in job creation
3. Tourism – Untapped potential
2.3.3 Development Option
2.3.3.1 Option 1 – Industrial Development
Strategies/Options E Positive Intervention

Promotes industrial parks Ready Spaces/location Promotion of industrial
as a ready facility for fitted to the needs of parks thru trade missions,
prospective investors investors active participation in
industrial activities, etc.
Ensure reliable and  Establishment of more  Establishment of a new
adequate supply of support public schools (tertiary – public tertiary school
services, facilities, and Pamantasan ng  Coordinated and
utilities Lungsod ng Santa Rosa purposeful
aside from the
2-40

subsidized PUP Santa infrastructure projects
Rosa Campus) and
more short training
courses adapted to the
needs if the industry and
for steady supply of
quality manpower
 Construction and
maintenance of
drainage system, road
networks, government
centers, etc.
Efficient solid waste Endure Sustainable  Ensure compliance of
disposal program and Development – based on new companies as well
other environmental United Nation’s definition as existing companies
programs is “development that to environmental laws
meets the needs of the  Involve private
present without companies in
compromising the ability of environmental programs
future generations to meet and activities
their own needs.”  MRF to every barangay
as stated in the SWM
plan
2.3.3.2 Option 2 – Industrial Commercial Development

All Strategies in Option 1 - -
View existing commercial  Development of SMEs SME support thru:
establishments as market  Job creation, increase 1. Establishment of TBI
of local products economic activity 2. Access to capital
3. Access to market
4. Entrepreneurship
trainings and
mentoring for SMEs
outside TBIs
5. Promotion and
support to
cooperatives
(economies of scale)
thru ICE, access to
capital, recognition
programs, etc.
2-41
2.3.4 Development Thrusts of Santa Rosa for the Next Years:
Industrial–Commercial–cum–Tourism Development
2.4 Land Suitability Analysis
The land suitability analysis will now try to translate the development thrust of
Industrial-Commercial-cum-Tourism Development for the city. In the analysis
conducted, major physical geographic and environmental characteristics of Santa
Rosa City were examined, namely: geography and location, topography (slope,
elevation, landforms, soils, geology), geologic hazard (faulting, liquefaction,
landslide), groundwater and surface water, climate (rainfall, temperature, winds,
humidity) and climatic hazards (air quality, storms, flooding), flora and fauna
distribution, existing infrastructure and utilities, and economic activities.
Based on the primary determinants of land suitability, namely, slope, soil, elevation,
geology and existing land use, the whole of Santa Rosa City is generally suitable for
both urban and rural land uses. However, since agricultural land uses would no
longer be economically feasible in a rapidly urbanizing city like the study area, only
urban land uses were considered. More specifically, based on the major land use
determinants of slope and elevation as stipulated in the Revised Forestry Code (PD
705) and the NIPAS Act (RA 7586), all the parts of the city are below 18 percent in
slope and below 1000 meters in elevation and are therefore legally and ecologically
allowable for urban use. In terms of the most important determinant of slope, around
half of the city has level to nearly level (0-8%) slopes towards the lake while another
half has undulating to rolling (8-18%) slopes towards Silang. With regard to
elevation, all parts of the city are below 160 meters--much lower than the stipulated
limit of 1000 meters for urban and agricultural use.
However, looking closely at the soil and rock types in the area, the eastern part is
covered with Guadalupe Clay soil and is underlain by alluvium rock. Clay soils have
poor water permeability that can lead to flooding during heavy rainfall. The other
parts of the city have more permeable loamy soils. In terms of rock types, the
eastern half of the city is underlain by alluvium rock which is susceptible to
liquefaction in the event that the West Valley Fault that runs through the periphery of
the city in Brgy. Sto. Domingo should move. The western part of the city is underlain
by a more stable clastic or sedimentary rock type.
As borne out by studies, the above environmentally problematic features of the

eastern half of the city are correlatedly identified as flash food and liquefaction areas
– no doubt effects of the predisposing clayey soil and alluvium rock characteristics
that do not allow fast percolation of water and that are easily loosened up by crustal
tremors, respectively. Flash flooding, moreover, is triggered by the climatic
abnormality of heavy rainfall that has increasingly become a feature of the southwest
monsoon season in the country as influenced by the global climate change
phenomenon.
2-42
Studies show that aside from areas susceptible to flash flooding and deep floods, the
northern central part of the city that is increasingly used as industrial sites is also
prone in a limited way to flash flooding as well as to shallow floods. This would
constitute a less environmentally constrained area for urban development compared
to the eastern half of the city. The southwestern extremity of the city has no
extensive major environmental constraints except that its southern and northern
boundaries in Brgy. Sto. Domingo that coincide with major rivers are identified as
high and low landslide-prone areas, respectively. These areas are located on rolling
slopes and landslides on them could be induced by heavy rainfall.
Considering the above physical, environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the

city, three land suitability categories may be delineated that can provide guidelines
for formulating the physical strategy-cum- structure plan and the land use plan of the
study area. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, the three land suitability categories are as
follows:
1. Flash flood- and liquefaction–vulnerable areas on level to nearly level (0-

8%) slopes suitable for regulated residential, commercial and agricultural
uses
2. Less flood–vulnerable and non-liquefaction-vulnerable areas on level to
nearly level (0-8%) slopes suitable for regulated commercial, industrial and
agricultural uses
3. Non-flood- and non-liquefaction-vulnerable and river headwater areas on
undulating to rolling (8-18%) slopes suitable for regulated tourism, low
density residential, industrial and agricultural uses and recommended for
vegetative measures
2-43
Section
PHYSICAL
STRATEGY-CUM-
3 STRUCTURE PLAN
3.1 Physical Strategy Alternatives
3.1.1 Organic or Unplanned Development Strategy
Actually, three physical strategy alternatives were considered after the conduct of the
land suitability analysis and after perusal of the existing land use and other physical
and socio-cultural maps. One alternative considered was the Organic or
Unplanned Development Strategy. The characteristics of this strategy are as
follows: problems are solved as they arise, following a disjointed incrementalism
trial-and error process; development is along nature’s lines but without technical
studies; spontaneous accretion occurs around main nodes resulting in unplanned
agglomeration; relatively low technology growth, following the use only of
developable terrain without infrastructural interventions; and sensitive to population
pressures and massive technological alterations amidst a lack of planning. The
strategy also has some advantages such as: quick response to pressing problems;
allows manageability in solving problems; concerns are empirically grounded;
marked by openness and fluidity; and non-requirement of massive capital investment
outlays. However, this strategy is fraught with more disadvantages, which includes
the following: high exposure of city to unpredicted natural hazards; slow, if not
stagnant, development; disorderly and conflicting land utilization; problem analysis is
limited, resulting to neglected outcomes, policies and values; and lack of integrated
planning, i.e., planning is ad-hoc. Apparently, this strategy will present more
difficulties, rather than advantages, in realizing the vision drawn up for the city and in
accelerating its spatio-economic development.
3.1.2 Linear Development Strategy
Looking at the elongated morphology of Santa Rosa City, the existing land use, the
current infrastructural set-up, and the other physical and socio-cultural data on the
city, a physical strategy that is suggested is the Linear Development Strategy,
otherwise called the corridor, strip or ribbon development strategy. A description of
this strategy includes the following features: growth appears in a linear manner
following the major transportation artery that is also influenced by the elongated
shape of the study area; growth is concentrated in a number of nodes that form the
strategic parts of the area which are usually the intersections along the main route;
when the land area is constrained and there are lower population densities in other
parts of the locality, growth develops along one or two major transport routes; usually
a gridiron land use and transport pattern emerges along the sides of the main
transport artery.
3-1
Section 3. PHYSICAL STRATEGY-CUM-STRUCTURE PLAN
Among the advantages of this strategy are as follows: it is simple and efficient if
planned for affordable public transport; it is cheaper to build and maintain; it
penetrates the depressed areas and facilitates the interior movement of
developmental impulses like capital or investments, technology, labor and
entrepreneurial skills. As particularly applied to Santa Rosa City, the disadvantages
of the strategy are the following: it does not serve so much the lower or southeastern
side of the city, with growth being focused only on the northwestern side of the city
particularly along the Santa Rosa–Tagaytay Road; it is inflexible and risky in case of
massive evacuation during floods and earthquakes in the absence of many other
alternative routes; the outer extremeties of the linear development are not equally
served on account of their inaccessibility and distance from major growth centers;
and it does not allow the creation of a dynamic cellular economy that allows the
faster circulation of the factors of production and the creation of multiplier effects.
Thus, even as the linear development strategy appears to be applicable to
Santa Rosa City with the presence of the major Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road
transport route, there is a need to interconnect this route to the interior and
southeastern side of the city through the establishment of more connector
roads and bridges that will guide development away from the congested old or
traditional centers of the northeastern section of the city. Thus, the most
suitable physical strategy for the city appears to be the Multi-Nodal
Interconnected Strategy with the nodes along the Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road
being connected to the interior and the southeastern side of the city.
3-2
2018

Figure 3-1
3-3
3.1.3 Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy
The structure plan actually indicates the embedded physical strategy that the
planners consider as most appropriate for Santa Rosa City based on its physical,
environmental and sociocultural characteristics. The physical strategy may be
labeled as the Multi-Nodal and Interconnected Strategy where certain strategic
growth or activity nodes are to be developed primarily as commercial centers from
where development impulses will trickle down to the surrounding periphery. These
activity nodes are strung along the Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road and the extension
roads east of the South Luzon Expressway and these include the following: J.P. Rizal
Blvd.–F. Gomez St.; F. Reyes St.-Old National Highway; Villa Caceres Ave.–San
Lorenzo Blvd.; Pulong Santa Cruz- Toyota; and the Laguna Blvd.–Santa Rosa–
Tagaytay growth nodes. There are potential activity nodes in the southeastern side
of the city that can be developed later and these are the southern part of the Old
National Highway intersected by Malitlit Road and J.P. Rizal St., and the road
junction between the Country Club and Sta. Elena Golf Club. The four activity nodes
south of the Old Poblacion or Central Business District are designed to divert
development to the western and southern and parts of the city away from the
congested and flood-prone part of the city. These are shown by the different
directions of the arrows in the physical strategy-cum-structure plan map.
The other main feature of the physical strategy is the creation of an interconnected
road system that will involve the construction of new major roads in the interior of the
city that will be connected to the major roads of the northwestern side of the city,
namely, the Sta. Rosa–Tagaytay Road and the Overhead Road. The interconnected
road system and the connecting roads inside the city are intended to create a cellular
local economy that will induce the flow of factors of production such as capital, labor,
entrepreneurial skills and technology around and within the city. In this set-up
socioeconomic leakages will be minimized and multipliers will be enhanced to create
a dynamic local economy that will provide more livelihood opportunities and improve
the level of living of the residents. Development impulses channeled by the South
Luzon Expressway and the Old National Highway from north and south of the city will
be caught by the interconnected road system and diverted inward to create multiplier
effects within the city.
3.1.4 Physical Strategy-cum-Structure Plan
The structure plan presents the desired development concept and translates the
chosen physical strategy for the city that will in turn guide the formulation of the land
use plan. Thus, this plan contains the following: location of development areas for
residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, infrastructural and tourism uses;
direction of urban expansion; proposed circulation system that reflects the linkage
among identified growth centers and land use areas; and direction of further land use
development (Figure 3-2).
As already indicated in the land suitability map, the structure plan places a high
importance on the environmental constraints obtaining in the city--in particular the
3-4
flood-prone character of the northeastern section of the city. Within the flash flood-
prone and liquefaction area delineated in the land suitability map, there is actually an
area that has been scientifically determined following a scenario and risk analysis as
continuously flood-prone up to 2025 even with management actions taken. This
perennially flood-prone area was identified by a study conducted by experts from the
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) which is based in Japan and
from the Institute of Biological Sciences of the University of the Philippines Los
Baños. Thus, shown in Figure 3 is the current extent of the flood-prone area in a
business-as-usual scenario and where there is still a significant area covered by
farmlands and idle lands, and residential and industrial areas are still not very
extensive. In Figure 3-3, which shows a runoff-neutral development scenario where
development interventions have been applied, at least the flood-prone area has been
maintained despite the fact that the residential and industrial areas have substantially
increased and taken over the vegetated and idle lands.
3-5

Figure 3-2
3-6

Figure 3-3
3-7

Figure 3-4
3-8
The consideration of the results of the IGES study and the delineation of the flood-
prone area it established on the land use plan was particularly stressed by city
officials. Hence, this is the area that is indicated on the structure plan as a Priority
Flood- Vulnerable Overlay Area that will be subjected to low density development
and urban redevelopment following the disaster-mitigation strategies recommended
by the aforementioned study.
It may be noticed that the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area overlaps with the
heritage-institutional, residential and commercial areas, such that the developments
within parts of these three land use areas covered by the PVA will have to be
subjected to the disaster-mitigating measures prescribed by the IGES–led study cited
above. The structure plan shows that most of the eastern half of the city is assigned
to residential land use which historically has been the site of the early settlements in
the city as influenced by the alignment of the Old National Highway through it. This
is already a generally congested area where high– and medium-density residential
areas prevail. Within the flood-prone portion of the residential area is the small
heritage-institutional area of historical and cultural structures as well as new
government buildings located in Brgys. Market Area, Malusak, Kanluran, and
Tagapo.
Overlapping the flood-vulnerable area is an even bigger liquefaction-prone area that

is due to the occurrence of an earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves just
around 10 kilometers away from Brgy. Sto. Domingo. According to the study titled
“Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila”, the fault line that runs
for about 100 kilometers north to south from Rodriguez, Rizal to Tagaytay can move
any time as it has already reached its 200- to 400- year cycle. Places along the fault
line which includes Santa Rosa City will suffer damages and losses to life and
property. The northern part of the city will be susceptible to liquefaction as it is
underlain by alluvium rock which is a weak and easily loosened geologic foundation.
Located also east of the South Luzon Expressway is the area designated as
commercial land use which is bounded by J.P. Rizal Blvd., the Old National Highway,
F. Reyes St., and the South Luzon Expressway. Located here is the old Central
Business District, the Commercial-Retail-Hawkers District, the Shopping-Food
District, the Banking-Financial Services District, the small Fisheries District, and the
New Public Market. The growth direction of commercial activities is toward the
south. Further south is the existing industrial area along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay
Road bounded by the South Luzon Expressway and the Laguna Blvd. The direction
of its growth is southeastward towards the still vacant, idle lands of Brgy. Malitlit.
In the southeastern side of the city in Brgys. Santo Domingo and Malitlit may be seen
an existing tourism area occupied by the Country Club and Santa Elena Golf Club.
Its growth direction is towards the south in Brgy. Santo Domingo. Although
diminishing in extent, there are still ricelands interspersed with residential areas in
the northern peripheries and interiors of the eastern half of the city. However, it will
not be long when other farmlands will be converted to urban uses. In the western
half of the city may be seen quite wide areas of idle lands which presumably have
3-9
been preempted for urban use. These would be suitable for expansion into industrial
and tourism land use. Less invasive land uses like tourism activities would be
suitable for these more sloping and elevated terrain as they maintain the ground
cover that will minimize flooding in the lower eastern half of the city. There is a strip
of lakeshore SAFDZ Management Area that will be developed as a small Fishery
District that will provide more livelihood opportunities for residents.
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Section
COMPREHENSIVE
4 LAND USE PLAN
4.1 Introduction
The land use plan to be presented is actually an urban land use plan in consideration
of the fact that in the near future Santa Rosa City’s land area will practically become
one that is wholly occupied by urban uses, namely, residential, commercial,
institutional, industrial, tourism and infrastructural uses. This means that agricultural
and idle lands shall have been converted to the more profitable urban land uses on
account of the city’s rapid urbanization and its role as a “new town” close to Metro
Manila.
As inputs to the land use plan, there will be preliminary discussions of the land
suitability analysis and the structure plan for the city. The land suitability analysis
studies the major uses appropriate for the land of the city based mainly on their
physical geographic and environmental characteristics and to some extent on their
demographic and socio-cultural features. The structure plan depicts the envisioned
development concept or the visual or graphic outline of the overall physical and
development framework of the city, including its proposed physical strategy.
4.2 Land Use Change
The reason why only an urban land use plan can be formulated for Santa Rosa City
as cited above is the phenomenally rapid urbanization rate that has been
experienced by the city since 1980 up to the present. Its rapid growth owes mainly to
the fact that it is part of CALABARZON which was formed by virtue of Executive
Order No. 103 which was issued in 2002 for the purpose of breaking up the large
Region IV into two regional planning areas and assigning development roles for each
area. CALABARZON was assigned the role of a Growth Corridor area to which
Santa Rosa City belongs. The corridor is described as a rapidly urbanizing and
industrializing area. Due to its proximity to Metro Manila, a high level of urbanization
has taken place over the years in the region, with Laguna and Cavite particularly
becoming sites of manufacturing and high-technology industries.
The role of CALABARZON being a growth corridor area is also stated in the regional
plan for the region. Also, in NEDA’s 1997 study titled Cavite-Laguna Urban
Development and Environment Management Study, Santa Rosa City is part of the
Urban Corridor Management Zone that runs from San Pedro to Los Baños.1 The
1
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and
Environmental Management Study (Pasig: 1997).
4-1
Section 4. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
parts of these local government units near Laguna de Bay have also been
designated in the study as Urban Redevelopment Zones on account of their rapid
development along the Old National Highway and the South Luzon Expressway. The
concentration of residents as well as commercial and industrial activities in these
transit zones that are at the same time subject to intermittent flooding requires
redevelopment interventions that would make them more livable areas.
How has the City of Santa Rosa developed so rapidly into a dynamic growth center
south of Metro Manila? From a regional planning point of view, the city’s strategic
location is one of the most important influencing factors. At a distance of only 38
km., it is very near Metro Manila – the market of products made in the city. It is
accessible via the South Luzon Expressway and the four-lane national highway. At
the height of the government’s promotion of its industrial dispersal policy, the city
offered available land and cheap labor, making it attractive to national and
multinational companies for location away from congested Metro Manila. Other
factors of attraction are the environmental and social ambiance provided by the city.
Industrial estates, export processing zones and special economic zones were formed
in the suburban areas of Santa Rosa, San Pedro and Biñan in order to absorb the
space-seeking industries from the metropolis. In a sense, Santa Rosa City also
served to perform the function of a “new town” that absorbs the influx of rural
migrants into the primate city, much like the way the new towns function around
London in England in terms of preventing the further congestion of London.
During the last 35 years, i.e., from 1980 to 2015, the urbanization rate in Santa Rosa
City has been very rapid as shown by the fast changes in urban and rural land uses
(Figures 4-1 and 4-2). The general pattern is that, on one hand, the urban land uses
(residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, infrastructural) have tended to
increase. On the other hand, the rural land uses (agricultural, idle) have tended to
decrease, i.e., have tended to be converted to urban land uses. This inexorable
conversion of agricultural and idle lands to their highest and best use, i.e., to urban
uses, is the compelling reason why the kind of land use plan that can be realistically
formulated for Santa Rosa City is an urban land use plan. Discussed below are the
more specific changes that will reinforce the decision to prepare this kind of plan.
4.2.1 Land Use Increases
Among the urban land uses, the residential land use has accounted for the greatest
increase, i.e., from the 6.29 percent (341 has.) for 1980 to 40.51 percent (2,247 has.)
in 2015 of the city area (Table 4-1). This demonstrates Santa Rosa City’s assumed
role of a new town that absorbs population influx from the surrounding rural areas
and attracts into its suburban ambiance residents from congested and polluted Metro
Manila. Next in extent of land use change would be industrial land use which has
jumped from 1.88 percent (102 has.) in 1980 to 10.17 percent (564 has.) in 2005 of
the city area. This has come about because the factors of production (land, labor,
capital, entrepreneurial skill, technology) are available in the city, not to mention its
accessibility and proximity to Metro Manila. Infrastructural land use comes next in
land use change, i.e., from 1.73 percent (94 has.) in 1980 to 3.83 percent (212 has.)
in 2015 of the city area. The land use change in this sector is mainly accounted for
4-2
by the transportation sub-sector’s continuing road expansion mode all over the city.
The commercial land use follows the related industrial land use in its increasing
coverage, i.e., it has been steadily increasing from 0.3 percent (16 has.) in 1980 to
2.73 percent (151 has.) in 2015 of the city area. The institutional land use has
likewise been increasing although the hectarage is not as large as the other land
uses cited above; thus, there is an increase of 0.4 percent (22 has.) in 1980 to 0.9
percent (50 has.) in 2015.
Table 4-1: Land Use Change in Santa Rosa City, 1980-2015
Increase
(+)/
Land Uses 1980 2000 2010 2015
Decrease
(-)
% Has. % Has. % Has. % Has.
Residential 6.29 341 21.61 1,197 31.87 1,768 40.51 2,247 +
Commercial 0.3 16 1.54 85 2.27 126 2.73 151 +
Institutional 0.4 22 0.72 40 0.8 44 0.9 50 +
Industrial 1.88 102 9.78 542 10.13 562 10.17 564 +
Agricultural 86.57 4,688 26.38 1,461 14.34 796 11.97 664 -
Tourism 0.01 1 4.34 240 4.34 241 4.03 224 -
Cemetery 0.08 4 0.4 22 0.54 30 0.54 30 +
Idle 2.25 122 31.61 1,751 31.13 1,727 24.54 1,361 -
Infrastructure 1.73 94 3.11 172 3.79 210 3.83 212 +
Waterways 0.48 26 0.46 25 0.47 26 0.47 26 +
Pond 0.05 3 0.32 18 0.32 18 +
TOTAL 100.00 5,414 100.0 5,539 100.0 5,548 100.00 5,549
4.2.2 Land Use Decreases
Based on the same above-mentioned maps, in the case of tourism land use,
although it occupied only 0.01 percent (1 ha.) of the city in 1980, it had abruptly
increased to 4.34 percent (240 has.) in 2000. However, in 2015 the land use
category somewhat decreased to 4.03 percent (224 has.) and the change could most
likely be traced to the conversion of part of the land to more profitable urban land
uses. The agricultural land use category shows the most drastic decrease within the
35-year period, i.e., occupying 86.57 percent (4,688 has.) in 1980 and significantly
decreasing to 11.97 percent (664 has.) in 2015 of the city area. This clearly indicates
the rapidly urbanizing character of Santa Rosa City that is marked by the conversion
of farmlands to urban uses or to their highest and best use. In the case of idle lands
that are currently under grass growth, it used to occupy only 2.25 percent (122 has.)
of the city area in 1980; however, in 2000 it abruptly increased to 31.61 percent
(1,751 has.) This indicates that during the 20-year span, land banking had
continuously occurred in terms of agricultural land having been bought and reserved
for urban use in the near future. After 2000, agricultural land was steadily converted
to urban uses as shown by the sizable decrease to 14.34 percent (796 has.) in 2010.
Then within the five-year period up to 2015, farmlands were further reduced to 11.97
percent (664 has.), indicating a continuous conversion to industrial, commercial and
residential land uses in a fast-developing city like Santa Rosa.
4-3
Figure 4-1
4-4
Figure 4-2
4-5
4.3 Planning Period
A ten-year planning period (2016-2026) is proposed for Santa Rosa City as a way of
anticipating long-term land use changes and in consideration of the fact that the
phasing out period for non-conforming land uses relative to the zoning ordinance is
ten years. The new zoning ordinance cannot invalidate a non-conforming land use
based on the principle that no new law can be applied retroactively on an existing
non-conforming land use category as a matter of fairness to the user of the land.
The ten-year planning period is actually just right for the city in that it is not actually
very long for a fast-growing city like Santa Rosa, nor is it too short that would
necessitate more frequent and costly updating of the plan. After ten years, during
which period different spatial and socioeconomic demands and realities shall have
evolved, another land use planning cycle shall be considered.
4.4 Land Use Plan
Shown in Figure 4-3 and Table 4-2 are the proposed land use areas for Santa Rosa
City which are actually urban in character, considering that the city is a fast-
urbanizing settlement close to Metro Manila. In fact, many observers point out that
the city, together with the other CALABARZON cities that include those stretching
from San Pedro City to Calamba City, are already considered as part of the urban
agglomeration called Mega-Manila. Thus, the remaining agricultural areas in Santa
Rosa City will have to be converted to urban land uses in the very near future since
maintaining them in the midst of surrounding high-value urban land uses would no
longer be economically justifiable.
The land use plan is the result of the consideration of the preliminary analyses
conducted that involved the delineation of the land suitability map and structure plan,
the consideration of the appropriate physical strategy, the perusal of the existing land
uses, and the study of internal and external socioeconomic and political processes
that have a bearing on Santa Rosa’s development. In the particular derivation of the
land use plan, the mapping procedure used is that of map overlay analysis which
was executed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) digital technique. In map
overlay analysis, the land suitability map, structure plan and existing land use map
were overlaid on top of each other and the result is the composite map that is
designated as the land use plan or, to be more exact, the urban land use plan. It
must be mentioned that the land suitability map and structure plan are themselves
already products of preliminary overlaying of relevant thematic maps that are
classifiable as lithospheric, hydrospheric, atmospheric, biospheric, socioeconomic,
political and cultural in character. These many thematic maps are those found and
described in the socioeconomic and physical profile or what is also called the
Ecological Profile in urban and regional planning practice.
4-6

Figure 4-3
4-7
4.4.1 Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ
The Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ is defined by the Laguna Lake Development

Authority (LLDA) Resolution No. 23, Series of 1996 or the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of Republic Act No. 4850 as follows:
1. Existing titled lands with an elevation of 12.5 meters and below, including
those titled under the Torrens System prior to the enactment of Presidential
Decree No. 313 in 1997; and
2. All other areas below an elevation of 12.5 meters as referred to a datum

10.00 meters below mean lower low water (MLLW) alternately submerged
or exposed by the annual rising and lowering of the lake water.
Table 4-2: Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018-2026
Percent
Land Use Category Area (Ha.)
(N/5,549 has.)
Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ 1,364.62 24.6
Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area 1,192.24 21.5
Priority Liquefaction- Vulnerable Overlay Area 2,034.04 36.9
Landslide-Vulnerable Area 45.16 0.8
General Residential Mixed-Use Area 1,371.91 24.7
Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area 73.90 1.3
Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area 658.50 11.9
Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area 1,668.84 30.1
Tourism and Low-Density Residential Mixed-Use 1,061.33 19.1
Area
Parks and Recreation Area 17.37 0.3
City Waters Area 155.4 2.8
Road Rights-of-Way 501.24 9.0
Proposed Road Rights-of-Way 21.09 0.4
Special Use/Cemetery Area 29.98 0.5
Relocation/Resettlement Area 67.07 1.2
As shown in the land use plan, the landward extent of the 12.5-meter elevation
stipulated as the limit of the shoreland area reaches up to a distance ranging from
2.5 kilometers to 3 kilometers from the shore of the lake. However, the delineation of
the datum 10 meters below mean lower low water (MLLW) would be impractical or
unrealistic as this depth if delineated would stretch far out into the lake since the lake
has already become very shallow with an average depth of only 2.8 meters. In the
present land use planning exercise, this lakeward extent of the Shoreland Overlay
Area is realistically placed at a width of only 40 meters from the shore, which is a
common extent of foreshore areas in deeper marine coastal waters of the country.
4-8
As per LLDA Resolution on Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) implementing

Sec. 41 (11) of RA 4850 as amended, the Shoreland Overlay Area “is a strip of linear
open space designed to separate incompatible elements or uses, or to control
pollution/nuisances and for identifying and defining development areas or zones.”
The administrative and regulatory control on the land use of the Shoreland Overlay
Area is vested upon the Laguna Lake Development Authority. This area is also
declared a Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) which
under RA 8435 refers to the “areas identified for production, agro-processing and
marketing activities to help develop and modernize, with the support of government,
the agriculture and fisheries sectors in an environmentally sound manner.”
The area shall be used for the following purposes: low and medium density
residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general
institutional and heritage, parks and recreation, agricultural, fishery and aquaculture
fish ports, dockyards and boat sheds, tree fearming/planting, water, and tourism land
uses, with emphasis on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR) mitigations. Prohibited uses are piggery farms, dumpsites,
factories, quarrying and other pollutive activities. This land use category occupies an
area of 1,364.62 hectares.
Barangays included in the Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ (in whole or in part) are
Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Pooc Dila, Labas, Malusak, Ibaba, Kanluran, Market Area,
and Tagapo.
4.4.2 Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area
The Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area was previously part of the Low Intensity
Development and the Urban Redevelopment Area in the Santa Rosa Municipal
Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance).2
The area is situated as one of the direct urban expansion areas of the Poblacion but
is, however, considered to have a low development capability. This is the
ecologically vulnerable flood-prone area identified by the study entitled “Participatory
Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation into
Basin-Scale Local Planning” which was funded by the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES)3. This modeling showed that, following the
recommended investigation interventions that would create a flood-neutral scenario,
the currently flood-prone area at least will still be maintained by the year 2025, unlike
in a business-as-usual scenario when it is projected to increase. This is part of the
2
Santa Rosa City Ordinance No. 888-89, Series of 1999, An Ordinance Enacting the Zoning
Regulations of the City of Santa Rosa, Province of Laguna and Providing for the Administration,
Enforcement and Amendment Thereof and for the Repeal of All Ordinances in Conflict Therewith.
3
Endo, Isao, et al. “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” (Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies,
2014).
4-9
subwatershed area identified by the study that city officials strongly recommend for
inclusion in the present land use planning process and whose management will also
need the cooperation of the cities of Biñan and Cabuyao and the municipality of
Silang as co-members of the Integrated Watershed Management Council for the
Silang-Sta. Rosa Subwatershed. In this regard, the cooperation of Silang is
particularly needed to maintain the forest and commercial tree plantations in its lands
with slopes of above 50 percent as required by PD 705 or the Revised Forestry Code
since many headwaters of rivers that flow through Santa Rosa, Biñan and Cabuyao
are located here. Doing this would significantly reduce the flooding in Santa Rosa.
This area has physical characteristics that make it very susceptible to floodwaters
both rushing down from elevated areas and flowing back from rising water levels of
the lake. These predisposing factors are the following: low elevation, nearness to the
lake, and clayey soil that does not allow percolation of water from the ground surface.
Anthropogenic factors include high-density development that results to impervious
surface conditions as well as rampant forest denudation and removal of other
vegetative covers in the elevated western parts of the watershed. In the lowland,
there is the presence of informal settlers especially along river banks that impede the
implementation of the DPWH’s river widening program. Above all, the present high
population density in the area makes it the most vulnerable section of the city.
Considering the above situation, the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area shall be
a predominantly low intensity development area which at the same time, according to
the IGES study, shall be subjected to measures designed for Climate Change
Mitigation (CCM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). As shown in Table. 4-3, the
IGES study identifies holistically measures that should be applied in the ecologically
vulnerable area and these are grouped as follows:
a. Engineered and built-environment options

b. Improved land use that includes development controls, green space and
urban greening
c. Flood-tolerant and environment-conscious building that includes particularly
green building
d. Ecosystem-based and integrated watershed management
In the last Spatial Development Master Plan of the Laguna de Bay Basin4 prepared in
2011, it was emphasized that in the management of the Shoreland Area which in the
present land use plan is also part of the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area, the
Green Building (GB) Design was emphasized as the benchmark for intensive uses
such as residential subdivisions, commercial activities, industries, recreational and
tourism uses that are covered by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
system. GB designs and operational standards shall be imposed on large-scale
developments like waterfronts, lakeside resorts and other tourism developments as
well as other infrastructure-based projects.
4
Laguna Lake Development Authenticity (LLDA), Spatial Development Master Plan of the
Laguna de Bay Basin: Land Use, Lake Water Use and Physical Development Plan (Quezon City: 2011).
4-10
Table 4-3: List of Possible Measures for Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) and
Adaptation (CCA) Considered During Focused Group Discussion
Sessions (IPCC, 2014)
Category Measures CCM CCA

Engineered and Flood levees, sea walls and coastal
built-environmental protection, etc. X
options
Improved drainage; storm and
wastewater management; water X
storage, etc.
Improved land-use Development control in high-risk X
areas
Green space, urban greening X X
Flood-tolerant, Strengthened building codes in high-
environment- risk areas (e.g., embankment, high- X
conscious building floored housing)
Roof greening, green building X X
Ecosystem-based Maintained and improvement of
integrated watershed protection function (flood
watershed alleviation, water retention ability) of
management ecosystem.
Development control in upriver areas
Afforestation and reforestation
Watercourse management (e.g.,
riverbank reinforcement,
dredging,
river cleaning)
Change in varieties and
cultivation methods of
agricultural products to prevent
soil runoff
Source: Endo, Isao, et al. “Participatory Land-Use Approach for Integrating Climate
Change Adaptation and Mitigation into Basin-Scale Local Planning” (Japan:
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2014).
Based on a white paper prepared by the U.S. Green Building Council entitled “Green
Building and Human Experience 2010,” Green Building is described as a systematic
effort to create, sustain, and accelerate changes in practice, technology, and
behavior to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that
are healthier and more satisfying for people. Green building is a movement
dedicated to the transformation of practice in the design, construction, and operation
of built environments. The objective is to reduce the negative impacts of built
environments while creating healthy, comfortable, and economically prosperous
places for people to live, work, and play. The popular term “green building”
encompasses the collection of processes, institutions, and individuals that serve to
assess current practice, identify opportunities for improvement, develop and deploy
tools, and provide independent review and recognition of results.
4-11
Based on a white paper prepared by the U.S. Green Building Council entitled “Green
Building and Human Experience 2010,” Green Building is described as a systematic
effort to create, sustain, and accelerate changes in practice, technology, and
behavior to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that
are healthier and more satisfying for people. Green building is a movement
dedicated to the transformation of practice in the design, construction, and operation
of built environments. The objective is to reduce the negative impacts of built
environments while creating healthy, comfortable, and economically prosperous
places for people to live, work, and play. The popular term “green building”
encompasses the collection of processes, institutions, and individuals that serve to
assess current practice, identify opportunities for improvement, develop and deploy
tools, and provide independent review and recognition of results.
As provided also in City Ordinance No. 1720 of 2011 which enacted the
“Environment Code of the City of the City of Santa Rosa,” the problem of recharge
and flooding in the city shall also be addressed by requiring land developers and
contractors to incorporate their development plans provisions for retention and
detention ponds, rain gardens and/or swales. Section 51 of the Ordinance provides
for pond design elements while Section 52 provides for pond design
calculation/computation.
The area shall be used for low and medium density residential, minor and major
commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and
recreation, agricultural, water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and
DRR mitigations. Particularly as provided for in such laws PD1096 or the National
Building Code, RA 9729 or the Philippine Climate Change Act, as amended and RA
100121 or the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Acts. This land use
category occupies an area of 1,192.24 hectares.
Barangays included in the Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area (in whole or in part)
are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak, Caingin, Pooc, Labas, and
Kanluran.
4.4.3 Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area
The Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area covers what was previously part of
the Low Intensity Development Area, the Urban Redevelopment Area and the
Growth Management Area 1 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99
(Zoning Ordinance).
This area also overlaps with the present Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area and
the Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ. This large part of the city happens to be also in
the path of the direct urban expansion of the Poblacion but is recommended for a low
density kind of development. This is the area that, aside from being susceptible to
perennial flooding, is also vulnerable to liquefaction that can be brought about by an
earthquake when the West Valley Fault moves just around 10 kilometers away in
Brgy. Sta. Domingo. According to a study funded by the Japan International
4-12
Cooperation Agency (JICA), the fault line can move anytime as it has already
reached its 200- to 400-year cycle.5 This liquefaction susceptibility is due to the
alluvium rock structure underlying the area--a weak and easily loosened geologic
foundation that also characterized Dagupan City when it suffered heavy destruction
of urban structures due to liquefaction resulting from the 1990 earthquake in Central
Luzon. In that earthquake event, Dagupan City experienced massive liquefaction
even if the epicenter of the earthquake was 50 kilometers away in the town of Rizal in
the Sierra Madre Mountains.
It is further observed that in the part of the liquefaction area characterized as highly
susceptible to liquefaction, the soil type is the Quinga Fine Sandy Loam that is very
prone to liquefaction on account of its fairly loose structure. Furthermore, information
from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reveals that
the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) is an active fault. Proof of this is the
discovery by the agency of landforms such as displaced alluvial fans, offset streams,
shutter and pressure ridges, and directions of slickensides that suggest recent right
lateral movement or displacement of both faults of the MVFS.
As with the overlapping Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ and the Priority Flood-
Vulnerable Overlay Area, this area contains the traditional commercial, residential
and institutional districts of Santa Rosa City. These districts have since experienced
rapid expansion and development into a mixed-use area marked by intense activities.
Considering its environmentally sensitive character, however, it has only a moderate
development capability and a limited capacity for infrastructure improvement.
By way of mitigating liquefaction-related disasters as well as encouraging urban

renewal, enhancing mixed land use and minimizing the burden on infrastructure in
the area, new structures to be encouraged shall be well-connected low-rise
structures with low footing and foundation bearing pressures as well as low
occupancy residential, commercial and industrial structures. For existing structures,
structural mitigation shall be applied such as refrofitting strategies and strengthening
of structures using additional foundation, wall and roof ties and redistributing
foundation support through the use of piles or caissons which extend through the
liquefiable layers of the soil. Soil mitigation shall also be resorted to by lowering the
groundwater table with drains or pumps, densifying the soil by dynamic compaction
or vibration, installing stone columns, and grouting. The local government shall also
explore the possibility of making liquefaction information available to the public,
particularly potential real estate buyers, through a liquefaction disclosure process.
Given its high population density and intensified land use activities, the area shall be
subjected to low intensity development marked by vegetated and landscaped open
spaces. It shall observe the structural and soil mitigation measures cited above as
well as the recommendations of the IGES study, the Land Developer’s Guidebook,
5
Japan International Cooperation Agency Development Study Program (JICA DSP),
Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila (MMEIRS) (Manila: 2003).
4-13
and the Green Building designs and standards. Future land developments shall also
incorporate provisions of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk
Reduction Mitigation (DRRM) laws such as PD 1096 or the National Building Code,
RA 9729 or the Philippine Climate Change Act, as amended, and RA 100121 or the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act.
The area shall be used for low and medium density residential, minor and major
commercial, light and medium industrial, general institutional and heritage, parks and
recreation, agricultural, water, and tourism land uses. This land use category covers
an area of 2,034 of hectares.
Barangays included in the Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area (in whole or

in part) are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Ibaba, Malusak,
Labas, Macabling, Pooc, Caingin, Balibago, Dita, and Dila.
4.4.4 Landslide-Vulnerable Area
It is observed that the Lumbia River and the Diezmo River in Brgy. Sto. Domingo on
the western boundaries of Santa Rosa City are prone to landslides as induced by
heavy rainfall. The longer southeastern Diezmo river has a higher susceptibility to
the hazard. There is a need to observe an open space easement on both banks of
the rivers as required by PD 1096 or the Water Code. In order to effectively reduce
disaster risks, an easement of 40 meters shall be observed. Furthermore, it si
observed that the landslide vulnerability of these areas is exacerbated by their
proximity to the West Valley Fault Line which, according to the 2003 JICA study on
earthquake impact reduction as cited earlier, can move anytime since it has reach
edits 200 to 400- year cycle. This land use category has an area of approximately 45
hectares.
4.4.5 Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area
The Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area is a fourteen-

hectare (14 has.) Laguna de Bay land recovery strategy of the city to address the
land resource scarcity and promote balanced development in the city. It shall be
surrounded by Laguna Bay and connoted by a bridge to Brgy. Aplaya.
The proposed amenities of the area include a fisherman’s wharf, ferry terminal,
amphitheater, mid-rise commercial buildings, stilt restaurants, etc. The area shall
provide livelihood and tourism opportunities to local residents.
The Aplaya de Santa Rosa Mixed-Use Waterfront Development Area if realized shall
be used for the following purposes: commercial, general residential, residential
townhouses, residential condominium, industrial, general institutional, parks and
recreation, water, and tourism uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations.
The new area shall be located adjacent to the proposed Laguna Circumferential
Road Dike which shall be built one kilometer (1 km.) from the shoreline.
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4.4.6 General Residential Mixed-Use Area
The Medium and High Density Residential Mixed-Use Area was previously known
partly as the Urban Redevelopment Area and Growth Management Zone I in the
Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance)
The area hosts mainly the traditional residential and partly the traditional commercial
and institutional districts of Santa Rosa City. As it is, the City has since expanded
and evolved into a mixed-use zone characterized by intense urban activities. This
land use allocation, together with some parts of those allocated for commercial and
industrial land uses, includes practically all of the existing agricultural areas in the city
which are located mostly in the section north of the South Luzon Expressway as
shown in the city’s existing land use map. Considering the rapidly urbanizing
character of the city, it is expected that these farmlands will have to be converted to
residential, commercial, institutional and tourism land uses in the near future.
The anticipated conversion of the existing agricultural lands in the city has also been
voiced out by the Provincial Agrarian Reform Program Officer of the Department of
Agrarian Reform Laguna Provincial Office in the following comment she made with
regard to the formulation of the Santa Rosa City Comprehensive Land Use Plan:
Since Santa Rosa City has an on-going development to meet the city
needs, agricultural areas specifically CARP areas are being affected.
As long as proper and corresponding applications for DAR
conversion/exemption are filed by the applicants and affected
farmers/tenants are well-settled, our Office cannot contest the duly
recognized officials and approved master/development/sectoral plans
completed by private groups and other agencies.
However, the anticipated conversion of farmlands will have to be guided by existing

laws and guidelines--in particular Section 20 (Reclassification of Laws) of the Local
Government Code (RA7160) and Presidential Memorandum Circular No. 54 which
authorizes cities and municipalities to reclassify agricultural lands into non-
agricultural areas. These guidelines particularly specify that agricultural lands may
be reclassified when they cease to be economically sound for agricultural purposes
or when they have substantially acquired greater economic value for residential,
commercial or industrial purposes.
Even then, there is a limitation in the reclassification of farmlands to a maximum of

the percentage of the total agricultural land in the city at the time of the formulation of
the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and its Zoning Ordinance. In the case of
component cities like Santa Rosa City, the maximum percentage of farmlands that is
reclassifiable to urban uses is placed at 10 percent. As shown in Table 4-19, a
perusal of the existing land uses in the city indicates that the remaining agricultural
lands constitute 11.97 percent of the total city area. Looking at the existing land use
map, these are mostly located in the northern urbanized part of the city surrounded
by residential land uses and interspersed with commercial, institutional and industrial
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land uses. The 10 percent of the agricultural lands that are reclassifiable will
come from these lands that have attained greater economic value after being
surrounded by non-agricultural land uses. Thus, as indicated in Table 4-20 and
in the land use plan, the reclassifiable existing farmlands are now included in
the recommended General Residential Mixed-Use Area, Minor and Major
Commercial Mixed-Use Area, and Light and Medium Industrial Mixed Use Area.
It may be noted, too, that there are idle lands comprising 24.54 percent of the city
total area that are located in the southern half of the city and these may be
constituted, too, as reclassifiable lands and in the land use plan they are
recommended for tourism and industrial uses to carry out the development thrust of
the city.
It must be pointed out, however, that despite the city’s already limited and
diminishing agricultural land there is a need for the city to still undertake an urban
type of agriculture that will focus on the production of high-value crops and the
utilization of integrated farming that will provide residents with income opportunities
and crops for home consumption. The alternative agricultural program would include
the following components:
1. Urban Horticultural Project

2. Urban Vegetable Project
3. Urban Agri-Based Livelihood Project
4. Urban Agri-Forestry Project
5. City Agro-Forestry Nursery Plant Project
6. Integrated Crop and Livestock Farming Project
Table 4-4: Distribution of Existing Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2015
Land Use Category Area (Ha.) Percent %

Residential Area 2,247 40.51
Commercial Area 151 2.73
Institutional Area 50 0.9
Industrial Area 564 10.17
Agricultural Area 664 11.97
Tourism Area 224 4.03
Cemetery Area 30 0.54
Idle Area 1,361 24.54
Infrastructure Area 212 3.83
Waterways Area 26 0.47
Pond Area 18 0.32
TOTAL 5,549 100.00
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Table 4-5: Distribution of Proposed Land Uses in Santa Rosa City, 2018-2026
Land Use Category Area (Ha.) Percent %

Shoreland Overlay Area-SAFDZ 1,364.62 24.6
Priority Flood-Vulnerable Overlay Area 1,192.24 21.5
Priority Liquefaction-Vulnerable Overlay Area 2,034.04 36.9
Landslide-Vulnerable Area 45.16 0.8
General Residential Mixed-Use Area 1,371.91 24.7
Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area 73.90 1.3
Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area 658.50 11.9
Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area 1.668.84 30.1
Tourism and Low-Density Residential Mixed-Use 1,061.33 19.1
Area
Parks and Recreation Area 17.37 0.3
City Waters Area 155.4 2.8
Road Rights-of-Way 501.24 9.0
Proposed Road Rights-of-Way 21.09 0.4
Special Use/Cemetery Area 29.98 0.5
Relocation/Resettlement Area 67.07 1.2
In this most congested part of the city, urban renewal and decongestion efforts shall
be pursued in order to enhance its ecological integrity and aesthetic character.
Henceforth, low to medium intensity mixed-use development that will particularly
avoid putting stress on existing infrastructure shall be promoted. Considering the
lack of space in the area, a compact urban development pattern interspersed with
strategically located public open spaces shall be observed. In these traditional
residential and commercial areas, there is a dearth of parks and recreation areas that
are necessary to improve the environmental integrity of the city. The city governance
shall exert effort to purchase pockets of land for this purpose.
Considering the influx of low-income migrants into the city, there is a need for the city
government to impose on real estate developers compliance with the provision of RA
7279 (Urban Development and Housing Act) requiring developers to allot 20 percent
of the subdivision for socialized housing. This is part of implementing the national
government’s major goal of achieving inclusive development for the country.
For this land use category that is already characterized by medium to high density
housing activities, the city government shall require real estate developers to observe
the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed6 which was
drawn up in 2011 as a reference guide for storm water management. Actually, the
provisions of this guidebook shall be observed both as preventive and remedial
measures in all parts of the city. The document describes best management and
6
World Wildlife Fund, Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa Watershed
(Quezon City: 2011).
4-17
structural practices in dealing with storm and rainfall water problems of the city. For
best management practices, the guidebook provides instructions on (1) reducing
impervious surfaces and (2) low impact development. For best structural practices,
guidelines are provided for the following: (1) water detention ponds, (2) grass filter
strips, (3) grassed swales, (4) level spreader, (5) rock-line channel, (6) check dam,
(7) sediment basin and (8) sediment trap.
The area shall be used for the following purposes: medium and high density
residential, minor and major commercial, light and medium industrial, general
institutional and heritage, socialized housing, parks and recreation, agricultural,
water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. This
land use category occupies an area of 1,371.91 hectares.
Barangays included in the General Residential Mixed-Use Area (in whole or in part)
are Sinalhan, Aplaya, Market Area, Ibaba, Malusak, Pook, Caingin, Kanluran, Labas,
Dita, Dila, Tagapo, Macabling and Balibago.
4.4.7 Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area
The Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area was previously called the Historical

Redevelopment Area in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning
Ordinance).
This combined area is located in the traditional Central Poblacion area and is
composed of the Heritage Square of the Cultural-Historical District and the Offices-
Government District. The Heritage Square in Brgys. Kanluran and Malusak contains
the Santa Rosa Plaza, Santa Rosa de Lima Parish Church, City Museum, First Old
Church in Poblacion, Zavalla Old House, two other old houses and the City of Santa
Rosa Arch. This site encompasses: Rizal Blvd., from the foot of Santa Rosa Bridge
to the corner of G.B. Zavalla St.; and F. Gomez St., from the corner of Añonuevo St.
to the corner of P. Gomez St. The Offices-Government District includes the New City
Hall of Santa Rosa, Gusaling Batasan, City Museum and Tourism Dept., Old City
Hall, CDRRMC Office, City Health Office I, Agriculture Dept., PNP, City Jail and Fire
Dept., Community Hospital, and Manpower Center.
Considering that the heritage area is also a tourist attraction and the government
district as the daily destination of people who seek public services, there is a need to
redevelop the two overlapping sites that would make them presentable to visitors and
the city constituency. In the case of heritage/cultural and historical structures and
sites, urban renewal activities shall include conservation, adaptive reuse,
reconstitution and restoration. Since these are located in flood- and liquefaction
prone areas, this stresses the need to observe destruction risk reduction measures
as applied to heritage structures. With regard to government structures and sites,
these shall be made presentable and accessible to visitors which also include
beautifying and greening their surroundings such as the city plaza and open spaces.
In this connection, more pocket parks shall be developed in these public areas. The
existing land use map clearly shows the lack of parks and recreation areas that help
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create a more livable city. With regard to the threat of liquefaction that could occur
with the imminent movement of the West Valley Fault, the possibility of transferring
vital structures of the Government District such as the New City Hall, Gusaling
Batasan, CDRRMC Office, Public Market and protection services should be seriously
considered by the LGU in order to ensure continuity of government functioning during
a liquefaction event. Or at least locationally safe alternative structures should be
identified for now. This land use category occupies an area of 73.90 hectares.
Barangays included in the Heritage-Institutional Redevelopment Area (in part) are

Kanluran, Malusak, Market Area, and Tagapo.
4.4.8 Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area
The Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area was also previously part of the
Urban Redevelopment Area and Growth Management Zone 1 in the Santa Rosa
Municipal Ordinance No. 888-99 (Zoning Ordinance).
The area is structurally defined by the rapid commercial developments along J.P.
Rizal Blvd. F. Reyes St., and the Old National Highway. It includes the old Central
Business District (CBD) in Brgy. Kanluran and Market Area that formed in the
junctures of J.P. Rizal Blvd. with J.B. Zavalla St., Vallejo St., and Tatlong Hari St. It
also includes even the greater and newer commercial development in the juncture of
J.P. Rizal Blvd. and F. Reyes St. with the Old National Highway. The more
prominent commercial establishments west of the old CBD are the SM City Santa
Rosa and Robinsons Market along the northern end of the Old National Highway as
well as the ReySol Supermarket, Walter Mart, Target Mall, Pure Gold and Enchanted
Kingdom south of F. Reyes St. in Brgy. Balibago. There is also a Banking and
Financial Services District along J.P. Rizal Blvd. starting from Brgy. Tagapo and
curving down to Brgys. Kanluran and Malusak. Located along this stretch are well-
known banks such as BDO, DBP, RCBC Savings Bank, Maybank Phils. Inc., and
Union Bank of the Phil.
As shown in the Structure Plan, the commercial area includes three Activity Nodes–
the first one in the old CBD, the second at the crossing between the Old National
Highway and J.P. Rizal Blvd., and the third at the juncture between F. Reyes St. and
San Lorenzo Blvd. It may be observed that the commercial area has parts that are
flood–prone and which have therefore moderate development capability, including
limited capacities of access roads. A well-ordered consolidation of urban growth in
this area, especially in sections which are still agricultural and open lands, shall be
pursued. In the plan, the commercial area has been increased in size in order to
accommodate the rising demand for commercial space that will translate to more
revenues for the city. And considering the high land values here, vertical
development of private and public structures shall be encouraged.
The commercial area shall be used for the following purposes: large shopping mall,
minor and major commercial, low and medium density residential, light and medium
industrial, general institutional and heritage, socialized housing, park and recreation,
4-19
water, and tourism land uses, with emphasis on CCA and DRR mitigations. This
land use category occupies an area of 658.5 hectares.
Barangays included in the Minor and Major Commercial Mixed-Use Area (in whole or
in part) are as follows: Tagapo, Market Area, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Macabling,
Pook Balibago, Dila, and Dita.
4.4.9 Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area
The Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area includes parts of the previous
Growth Management Areas 1 and 2 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No. 888-
99 (Zoning Ordinance).
This industrial area already includes existing light, medium and heavy industries that
are strung along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road in the southwestern sector of the city
just below the South Luzon Expressway. Part of the area includes the wide existing
idle and agricultural lands as well as low-density housing sites below the Sta.Rosa-
Tagaytay Road. This area is less susceptible to flooding, being situated on more
elevated terrain and being covered with loam soil that is easily permeable by water.
It is also underlain by hard clastic or sedimentary rock that is not prone to liquefaction
should an earthquake occur. This is also the area where the headwaters of most
rivers are located and which, if managed well by industrial developments with much
vegetative cover and other structural practices following green urbanism principles,
can substantially reduce flooding in the lowlands. This is the rationale for
recommending light and medium industries that are less pollutive and that include in
their development nature parks and green areas as exemplified by Eco Zones such
as Nuvali, Greenfield Development Corporation, Laguna Technopark, Coke
Philippines, Toyota Philippines and Eton City. The green ambiance of the area is
enhanced by the presence of low-density residential development.
In addition, the zone is positioned to be the Regional Central Business District in the
Province of Laguna and the CALABARZON region. The area is now known by the
presence of Business Process Outsource (BPO) Companies that provide livelihood
not only for the city but also for the whole region. The city was awarded as the Next
Wave City in BPO-ICT by the DOST-ICTO and is ranked consistently in the top 100
cities in the world in terms of BPO ideal location by Tholons.
Aside from the Eco Zones mentioned above, the other notable industrial companies
that have located in the city are the following: Asahi Philippines Rubber Industrial
Corporation, Asia Brewery Incorporated, Columbian Motors Corporation, Filipinas
Synthetic Fiber Corporation, Food Motor Company, Fujitsu Ten, Mercury Group of
Companies, Monde Denmark Nissin Biscuit Corporation, Nissan Motor Phils. Inc.,
Panasonic, San Miguel Foods Inc., SMB Dairy Products, Sun Logistics Tech. Inc.,
United Laboratories Inc., Honda Cars Phil., and Mitsubishi Motors Corp. Phil.
The industrial area shall be used for the following purposes: light and medium
industrial, commercial centers (e.g., the Activity Node in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz),
4-20
large shopping malls, low and medium density residential, townhouses and
residential condominiums, masterplanned communities, general institutional, park
and recreation, water, and tourism land uses. This land use category occupies an
area of 1,668.84 hectares.
The Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area is located (in whole or in part) in
Brgys. Pulong Santa Cruz, Don Jose, Malitlit, and Sto. Domingo.
4.4.10 Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area
The Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area corresponds to parts of
the former Growth Management Area 2 in the Santa Rosa Municipal Ordinance No.
888-99 (Zoning Ordinance).
This tourism-residential area already includes the recreational-amusement-

convention establishments of Santa Elena Golf Club Inc., Country Club Development
Corp. and Ecozone @ Nuvali as well as the Cuartel de Santo Domingo heritage site
and structure. Interspersed between them are low-density residential areas and
vacant idle lands. This area is the least susceptible to flooding, being located on the
most elevated parts of the city and having permeable loamy soils. The western tip of
the area, however, is traversed by the West Valley Fault that can cause damages
and losses in lives and property when it moves. Furthermore, the rivers that
separate Santa Rosa City from Biñan City and Cabuyao City at the southwestern end
of the city are observed to be landslide-prone such that proper easements and
buffers shall be observed along the river.
There is a need to resolve the issue of ownership or jurisdiction between the LGU
and the national government with regard to Cuartel de Santo Domingo since at
present a Special Action Force (SAF) contingent of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) occupied the 8-hectare compound where the Cuartel is located. Access by
tourists to the site is impeded since approval for entry to it has to be secured first
from the SAF. Jurisdiction over the site by both the LGU and the Department of
Tourism (DOT) will also allow the conservation of the historical landmark which is
already showing signs of deterioration.
Like the Light and Medium Industrial Mixed-Use Area, this tourism-residential section
is also the location of the headwaters of some rivers and streams flowing towards the
lower parts of the city. The interventions recommended by the IGES land use study
of the Silang-Sta. Rosa subwatershed and by the Land Developers Guidebook for
the Santa Rosa Watershed shall be applied here in order to minimize flooding in the
lowlands. This land use category shares with the light and medium industrial area an
Activity Node of commercial establishments at the juncture of the Sta. Rosa-
Tagaytay Road and Laguna Blvd.
Amid the increasing population of the tourist attractions in the city, there is a need for
insuring tourist security welfare and safety. Even if the LGU has an adequate police
force and police establishments in all the barangays, there is a need to increase
4-21
police visibility in the tourist sites and attractions. Furthermore, there is also a need
to increase tourism consciousness among policemen as part of promoting the
tourism thrust of the LGU.
Considering the high tourism potentials of Santa Rosa City, there is a need to
formulate a Tourism Master Plan that will focus on the following aspects of tourism
development on the city: development of La Playa as tourism destination in
consultation with LLDA, DOT and TIEZA; establishment of an E-Museum and E-
Learning Resource Center; setting up of accommodation facilities for small
entrepreneurs for product development; accreditation of tourism establishments from
DOT; tourism promotion of Santa Rosa City as “Hibiscus Bloom City of the South”;
promotion of vacation packages and familiarization tours in coordination with the
Association of Laguna Travel and Tour Agencies (ALTTA); arrangement with DepEd
for the formal support and cooperation of the local DepEd Division of Santa
Rosa/District 1 with regard to the promotion of cultural programs that will boost
tourism in the city; setting up of a Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center that will
teach carpentry and masonry skills to the local labor force that will be employed for
the restoration and maintenance of local heritage structures and sites; and
departmentalization of the Tourism Office for the proper management of the Tourism
Police and restoration and maintenance of tourist landmarks and heritage structures
and sites.
This tourism-residential area shall be used in a controlled or regulated manner for the
following purposes: tourism, low density residential, minor and major (e.g., shopping
malls) commercial, masterplanned communities, general institutional and heritage,
sports and recreational, eco-parks, and water land uses. This land use category
occupies an area of 1,061.33 hectares.
The Tourism and Low Density Residential Mixed-Use Area is located (in whole or in
part) in Brgys. Sto. Domingo, Malitlit, and Don Jose.
4.4.11 Parks and Recreation Area
In addition to the Poblacion plaza and the small pockets og greenery in different parts
of the city, there are three proposed major parks and recreation areas designed to
boost tourism as one of the major development thrusts of the city as well as to
improve the quality of life of city residents.
A major project under this land use category is the 2.8 kilometer Santa Rose
Elevated Pedestrian and Bike Lane that will connect the Santa Rosa Eco-Tourism
People’s Park and Santa Rosa Esplanade. The pedestrian park will also provide a
bike lane that will allow residents unimpeded access over the Central Business
District as well as the opportunity to engage in healthy physical exercise and close
social interaction. To be built along the Santa Rosa River, the pedestrian park will
also connect major schools and urban nodes in the city.
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A second project in the Santa Rosa Eco-Tourism People’s Park which will be
developed along Leon Arcillas Boulevard in Brgy. Tagapo which is also near the
Sports Center. The third project is the Santa Rosa Esplanade which is located along
Laguna de Bay in Brgy. Aplaya.
The 2011 Environmental Code of Santa Rosa City actually requires every barangay
to establish an eco-park that shall also serve as common playgrounds for their
residents. Related to this campaign is the protection, conservation and restoration of
flora and fauna in the city that is also part of the National Greening Program
established by Presidential Executive Order No. 25, Series of 2011. The two sites
comprising the main Parks and Recreation Area cover 17.37 hectares.
4.4.12 City Waters Area
The City Waters Area refers to the water bodies within the city, which include the
rivers, streams, ponds, canals, dams and other forms of surface water on land. This
area does not include the water of the lake which are already covered by the
Shoreland Overlay Area–SAFDZ. Maintenance of rivers and streams shall be strictly
observed for purposes of minimizing flooding and maintaining their ecological
integrity. The important measures should include the following: observation of the
required easements along river banks as required by the Water Code (PD 1067);
regular dredging of river courses; and penalizing the throwing of pollutive materials
into water bodies.
The major water bodies in the city are as follows: Santa Rosa River, Cabuyao River,
Malitlit River, Tiway-Tiway River, Diezmo River, Lumbia River, Malanding River,
Petang Creek, NIA canals in Brgys. Tagapo and Balibago, and the ponds of Nuvali
(Lakeside Ecozone). The Country Club Development Corp., and Eton City. The City
Waters Area land use category covers an area of 155.48 hectares.
It should be mentioned that the Lumbia River on the western boundary of Brgy. Sto.
Domingo and the river on the eastern boundary are observed to be prone to
landslides as induced by heavy rainfall. The longer eastern river has a higher
susceptibility to the hazard. There is a need to observe an open space easement on
both banks of the rivers as required by PD 1096 or the Water Code. In order to
effectively reduce disaster risks, an easement of 20 meters shall be observed.
4.4.13 Road Rights-of-Way Area
The Road Rights-of-Way Area includes the proposed and existing roads that will
create an interconnected road network around the city and that will in turn create a
dynamic local cellular economy through increased internal movements of people and
goods. There are also proposed connecting roads inside the city that will increase
accessibility to more parts of the study area. All properties that are affected by the
identified new road alignments shall be required to provide unimpeded road rights-of-
way subject to compensation negotiations with the city government that is imbued by
4-23
law with the police power of eminent domain. This land use category covers an area
of 501.24 hectares.
4.4.14 Special Use/Cemetery Area
The Special Use/Cemetery Area refers to the five cemetery and/or memorial park
sites found in different parts of the city. These are the conjoined Catholic-Aglipay
cemetery in Brgy. Kanluran, the Centennial Garden in Brgy. Macabling, the Mt. Zion
Memorial in Brgy. Dita, the Eternal Gardens Memorial Park in Brgy. Pulong Santa
Ana, and the New Cemetery Extension in Brgy. Dila. The last facility has actually
appurtenant special use services, namely: Coffin Crypt Depository, Bone Depository,
Santa Rosa Memorial Garden, City of Santa Rosa Public Cemetery, and Ferlins.
This aggrupation has a one-kilometer buffer diameter. All in all, the special
use/cemetery category occupies an area of 29.98 hectares.
As required by the Sanitation Code of the Philippines (PD 856) and the Local Utilities
and Water Administration (LUWA), the following rules on cemeteries shall be
observed: (1) they should be located outside of or within reasonable distance from
residential zones; (2) burial pits must be 50 meters away from the nearest source of
water; and (3) their proper maintenance shall be the exclusive duty of the applicant.
4.4.15 Relocation/Resettlement Area
The city government has provided relocation/resettlement sites for informal settlers of
the city. These sites are located as follows: one in Brgy. Kanluran, three in Brgy.
Pooc, and four in Brgy. Pulong Santa Cruz. Additional sites have been provided by
the city government such as the Low-Cost Housing Project in Brgy. Labas, and the
Innovationville, South Ville and Villa Santa Rosa sites in Brgy. Pooc. The
establishment of the sites is a social amelioration project of the city that is aimed at
improving the living conditions of low-income families by transferring them away from
the congested and flood-prone sections of the city to places that provide them decent
housing and livelihood opportunities. All in all, the relocation/resettlement sites total
approximately 67.07 hectares.
4.4.16 Evacuation Centers
In response to the perennial and to the increasingly frequent severe flooding in the
city, the city government has set up many evacuation centers and these are found in
Brgys. Sinalhan, Aplaya, Caingin, Tagapo, Kanluran, Malusak, Labas, Pooc,
Balibago, Macabling, Dila, Dita, Pulong Santa Cruz, Malitlit, Don Jose, and Sto.
Domingo. These many evaluation centers underscore the seriousness of the
flooding problem in the city and consequently the need to strictly enforce the
guidelines prescribed by the Land Developers Guidebook for the Santa Rosa
Watershed and by the IGES study.
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Section
LAND AND WATER

5 USE POLICIES
5.1 Land Use Policies
Land and water use policies were among the stakeholders’ workshop outputs that
are based on the preceding outputs of the situational analysis and also reflect the
other parts of the comprehensive land use planning process, namely, the vision
development thrust and land suitability assessment, physical strategy- cum-structure
plan and comprehensive land use plan. These policies will also be reflected in the
City Integrated Zoning Ordinance.
1. Settle political boundary issues among barangays

2. Locate additional residential, future requirement in hazard neutral area
3. Minimize conversion of agricultural lands as part of CCA and DRRM
mitigation and for local food sustainability
4. Vertical development of public institutions are encouraged to maximize
land use and address future needs
5. Vertical development of private infrastructure are also encouraged to
maximize land use and address future needs
6. Protection of SAFDZ area and promote its use by instituting programs
suited for its use
7. Promote mixed use land in highly commercial areas such as lands along
major roads and others
8. Allocate land space on priority projects such as Pamantasan ng Lungsod
ng Santa Rosa, evacuation centers, new road networks, among others
9. Invest in land banking for public use
10. Promote pocket parks and recreation centers
11. Identify industrial areas based on use such as BPO industries situated in
I-2 areas and other companies in I-3 areas
12. Waterfront development to promote economic activity, land availability,
additional transport system (ferry boat) and tourism.
5.2 Water Use Policies
As stated in Article V of the Santa Rosa City Environment Code, an Integrated Water
Resources Management Plan will be formulated to ensure perpetual water supply in
the City of Santa Rosa. This is in coordination with the barangay officials, Laguna
Lake and Development Authority (LLDA), Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB), National Water Resources Board (NWRB), Laguna AAA Water Corp., other
national government agencies, local water districts, and private sector groups.
5-1
Section 5. LAND AND WATER USE POLICIES
Installation of overhead water tanks in subdivisions will be regulated to take into

account the availability of water for all.
Creation of a Master Plan for an effective water quality monitoring on the major water
bodies and groundwater in the City, including identification of potable water sources.
There will be an administrative arrangement with LLDA to address the following

concerns:
 Require industries to establish water treatment facilities;

 Control effluents and other pollutive substances entering waterways and
preventing contamination;
 Require resource users to adopt precautionary measures, clean production
techniques, recycling and waste audits and minimization in all stages of
industrial operations;
 Control effluent discharge from point sources;
 Secure waste management disposal of commercial and backyard livestock
farming;
 Control illegal structures along shoreline areas; and
 Monitor and enforce LLDA rules and regulations including deputation of
LGUs.
 Require all new developments to provide a three (3)-chamber septic tank for
residential and four (4)-chamber for commercial structures.
Prohibition on the disposal of effluent and sludge from motor repair shops, motor
pools, vehicle garage and terminals, car wash and junk shop establishments,
gasoline stations, livestock and poultry and other similar establishments into the
drainage canals, creeks, rivers or any water bodies including land areas to avoid
pollution.
Construction of water wells, rainwater collectors, development of springs and

inventory and rehabilitation of existing water wells (open and artesian) in all
barangays, including the effective monitoring of the same.
Partnership with Save Silang-Santa Rosa River Foundation, Inc. (S3R2)
S3R2 is a non-stock, non-profit voluntary organization comprised of members coming

from the Silang, Cavite and cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan. It envisions for a healthy
and progressive community of conscious, committed and responsible people
dedicated to the protection of the Silang-Santa Rosa River and working harmoniously
with the communities towards the continuous preservation of the environment.
Major programs of S3R2 include Adopt-A-River Program in partnership with the City
Government of Santa Rosa, Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), and the
Toyota Autoparts Phils., Inc. (TAP). A research study on Ecological Profiling of the
5-2
Silang-Santa Rosa River and the Restoration/Rehabilitation of its Degraded Systems

was commissioned to the Experts of the Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, U.P.
Los Baños headed by Dr. Macrina T. Zafaralla. The research study aims to guide
S3R2 in development planning and prioritizing management strategies and
strengthen the involvement of locators/industries that rely on the water and other
resources that the river provides.
Establishment of clearance and greenbelts along river banks and lakeshore areas as
prescribed in Presidential Decree No. 1067 which provides that “banks or rivers and
streams and seashores of the seas throughout their entire length and within a zone
of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty
(40) meters in forest areas, along margins are subject to easement for public use in
the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage.” However, the
three (3)-meter easement in urban areas may be increased if the need arises to
insure the protection of residents.
In compliance to the regulation of HLURB and P.D. 957, the following guidelines shall
be observed by contractors, developers and planners:
 The problem of water recharge and flooding shall be taken into consideration
in the formulation of land development plans;
 Methods/measures to address problems of recharge and flooding shall be
employed subject to the design parameters provided herein;
 Drainage and storm water and rainwater run-off into water bodies and
retention/detention ponds shall be ensured;
 Permeable materials shall be used in surface areas located in open spaces;
 Rainwater harvesting methods and the provision of solar energy should be
encouraged;
 Regular maintenance of the measures referred to in item (a) shall be
undertaken;
 A significant portion of the developed land shall be allotted for recharge; and
 Vegetation shall be encouraged.
 Green Building design and regulations shall be promoted.
To address the problems of recharge and flooding in the City, future land
development shall be flood-neutral. Contractors, developers and/or planners shall
incorporate in their development plans provisions for retention ponds, detention
ponds, rain gardens and/or swales insofar as these are appropriate in the area being
developed.
The design of the ponds shall be guided by the following:
 Ponds shall preferably have a gradual graded-slope configuration;

 Ponds should be constructed away from emergent or other wetlands so as
not to cause alteration of hydrology;
 Ponds shall be sited in previously disturbed areas to avoid habitat loss;
5-3
 Ponds should ideally be located near the river in consideration of the force of
gravity on the water; and
 The size and dimensions of the pond shall be determined on the basis of the
pond design guidelines/standards of the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH).
5-4
Section
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS AND
6 PROJECTS
Listed below are the prioritized programs and projects which have to be implemented
in due time in order to accelerate Santa Rosa City’s spatio-sectoral development.
Based on the planning process, these programs and projects are the outcome of the
preceding major steps in the process, namely, the situational analysis, the
goals/objectives/targets, and the policies/ strategies. These programs and projects
also constitute the basis for the formulation of the Investment Program that will be
funded within the ten-year planning period. In this section, they will only be listed
since their specific components are contained in another volume titled Priority
Programs and Projects. Most of the programs and projects listed are “hard” or land
development-related that reflects the focus of the current planning exercise.
6.1 Social and Economic Sectors
 Resettlement of Informal Settler Families Occupying Danger Areas

 Construction of Three Evacuation Centers as an Alternative to Using
Schools as Evacuation Centers During Disasters
 Construction of Medium-Rise Housing Projects for Low/Middle-Income
Groups and for Government Employees
 Establishment of Ecoparks in Order to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle
 Construction of Tertiary and Primary Level Health Infrastructure
 Allocate an Adequate Land Area for Expansion of Schools
 Construction of Protective Services Infrastructure
 Construction of the Following Social Welfare Facilities: Women and
Children; CICL Rehabilitation Center; Center for Street Children
 Utilization of Idle Lots and Open Spaces in Subdivisions, and Commercial
and Industrial Estates for Urban Farming
 Land Banking for Socialized Housing Projects
 Improvement of Safe Water Supply System for 100% Coverage
 Construction of Medium Rise Housing Projects (for low/middle income
groups and for government employees)
 Construction of Additional Sports Facilities for Indoor and Outdoor Sports
 Construction of Pharmacy Separate from the Hospital
 Allocate and Adequate Land Area for Expansion of Schools
6-1
Section 6. MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
6.2 Environment and Natural Resources Sector
 Capacity Building in Environment and Natural Resources

 Water Quality Management Project
 Establishment of Administrative Arrangements with NWRB in Water
Resource Management
 Air Quality Management
 Solid Waste Management System
 Groundwater Monitoring and Management Project
 Surface Water Quality Management Project
 Campaign on Seismic Retrofitting of Highly Vulnerable Structures
6.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector
 Santa Rosa Integrated Flood and Drainage System

 Small Water Impounding System
 Construction of Detention Ponds
 Study on the Optimum Locations of Solid Waste MRF and Collection
Stations
 Construction of Solid Waste MRF and Pick-up Stations
6.4 Transportation Sector
 Santa Rosa Elevated Pedestrian and Bike Lane

 Connector Between Greenfield Parkway and San Lorenzo Road
 Connector Between Binan-Santa Rosa Access Road and Santa Rosa-
Tagaytay Road
 Connector Between Provincial Road and Laguna Blvd.
 Connector Between Greenfield Parkway and Santa Rosa-Tagaytay Road
 Completion of Grading and Paving of Tagapo-Macabling Road Segment
that Intersects Binan-Santa Rosa Access Road
 Connector Between Balibago and Macabling
 Widening of Existing East-West Balibago and Macabling Connection
 Tagapo East-West Connector
6.5 Local Administration and Finance Sector
 Upgrading of the Santa Rosa Manpower Training Center

 Continued Subsidy to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP)
Santa Rosa Campus
 Local Government Unit in Coordination with Department of Education
(DepEd) School Districts and Division Offices for the DepEd School-to-
School Partnership Arrangements
6-2
Section 6. MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
 Establishment of Pamantasan ng Santa Rosa

 Governance System of Santa Rosa City
 Land Banking for Future Economic Development and Expansion of Santa
Rosa City
 Regular Conduct of Community-Based Monitoring System
 Delineation of Barangay Boundaries
 Adoption and Mainstreaming of Green Technology
 Application and Upgrading of the City Status from a Component City to a
Highly Urbanizing City
 Establishment of Senior High School Buildings and Campuses
 Adoption and Implementation of the Performance Governance System
(PGS)
 Land Banking for Future Economic Development and Expansion of Santa
Rosa City
 Tax Mapping to Define Barangay Boundaries
 Incentive Provision for the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
 Accreditation of Educational Institutions for the Manpower Requirements of
the BPO Industry
 Strengthening of the Asset and Investment Management Capacity of the
LGU
 Empowerment of Cooperatives and Non-Government Organizations
 Strict Implementation of Zoning Ordinance/Land Use Classification.
6-3
Section
COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
AND ZONING ORDINANCE
7 IMPLEMENTATION
STRATEGY/ARRANGEMENT
This section enumerates the strategies and/or arrangements to be adopted in

implementing the programs and projects identified for the spatio-sectoral
development of Santa Rosa City. In another sense, the strategies and arrangements
are also aimed at achieving the planned uses of the city’s land or spatial endowment
as well as the socioeconomic goals implied in the discussion of the different
components of the comprehensive land use plan. The strategies may be divided into
those pertaining to the following: settlements, infrastructures, production areas,
protection areas, health and well-being, sustainable livelihoods, physical protection
and structural and technical measures. The Sangguniang Panlungsod’s legislative
agenda, additional functions of LGU departments and offices, and institutional
arrangements for disaster-resilient governance are also discussed.
7.1 Strategies in Settlements
 Vulnerable settlements particularly where there is the presence of a

significant number belonging to the vulnerable groups that cannot be
relocated shall be an operational community-based disaster management
plan. It shall ensure that women and other vulnerable groups are involved
in the Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVA) mapping and in
the formulation of the disaster management planning as well as in the
conduct of Damage Assessment and Needs Assessment (DANA) to ensure
that their particular situation and specific needs are considered.
 Residential use shall enjoy priority over all other uses in the allocation of
hazard-free areas.
 Development in hazard-prone areas shall be regulated, if restricted or
discouraged.
 Hazard-exposed settlements, urban and rural shall be located to safe areas.
 Vulnerable settlements that cannot be relocated shall have an operational
community-based disaster management plan.
 Multi-storey dwellings shall be sited in safe areas determined by scientific
studies, and for evacuation purposes during floods.
 Development in environmentally sensitive areas such as steep slopes shall
be limited.
 Regular monitoring and evaluation of structural quality or dwellings shall be
established in the city.
7-1
Section 7. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE
 Development may be allowed in low to moderate hazard areas subject to

mitigation measures such as houses on stilts and structures that can
withstand 300- to 400-KPH wind gustiness.
7.2 Strategies on Infrastructures
 Infrastructures shall be properly sited and designed so as not to become

source of anthropogenic hazard themselves.
 Infrastructures exposure to geo-hydrological hazards shall be minimized.
 Old structures shall be retrofitted for adaptive reuse to preserve their
historical or heritage value.
 Civil works that assist nature to rehabilitate itself or to maintain its own
integrity shall be established.
7.3 Strategies on Production Areas
 Industrial and commercial activities shall be properly located considering

their potential traffic generation and pollution impact.
 Strict zoning regulations shall be enforced on livestock and piggery houses
located in residential areas, subject to HLURB standards and guidelines.
 Contour tillage and similar sustainable practices shall be strictly enforced
among sloping land cultivators.
 The effects of agricultural chemical residues shall be monitored and
regulated and practice of organic farming shall be encouraged.
 Environmental impact rather than potential revenue shall be the primary
consideration in granting permits for environment-sensitive activities.
 Tourism projects shall be evaluated equally for their income generation
potential as well as for the environmental degradation, displacement of local
residents, and moral corruption that usually accompany these projects.
7.4 Strategies on Protection Areas
 Liberal allocation of open space in heavily populated areas shall be used as

a vulnerability-reduction measure.
 The maintenance of greenery in public and private properties shall be
encouraged not only for amenity but also for its carbon sequestration
function.
 Environmentally critical and hazardous areas shall be properly demarcated
and buffered.
 The ecological function shall be paramount over economic and other
considerations when allowing the use of protected areas.
7-2
7.5 Strategies on Health and Well-Being (Including Human Capital)
Access to minimum standards in disaster response as set forth in the Humanitarian

Charter, including need of water, sanitation, nutrition, food, shelter, clothing,
healthcare and others shall be provided with the following strategies to be
emphasized:
 Physical ability to labor and good health maintained in normal times through
adequate food and nutrition, hygiene and health care.
 Food supplies and nutritional status secured (e.g., through reserve stocks of
grain and other staple foods managed by communities, with equitable
distribution system during food crisis).
 Access assured to sufficient quantity and quality of water for domestic
needs during crisis.
 Community structures and culture able to support self-confidence and can
assist management of psychological consequences of disaster (trauma,
PTSD).
 Community health care facilities and health workers, equipped and trained
to respond to physical and mental health consequences of disasters and
lesser hazard events, and supported by access to emergency health
services, medicines, etc.
7.6 Strategies on Sustainable Livelihood
 High level of economic activity and employment particularly among the

vulnerable groups (ensuring that women have sustainable livelihood and
income by providing them with skills training and inputs).
 Equitable distribution of wealth and livelihood assets in community.
 Livelihood diversification (household and community level), including on-
farm and off-farm activities in rural areas.
 Adoption of hazard-resistant agricultural practices (e.g., soil and water
conservation methods, cropping patterns geared to low or variable rainfall,
hazard-tolerant crops) for food security.
 Enterprises have business protection and continuity recovery plans by
including risk-generated management particularly of micro-enterprises.
 Local trade and transport links with markets for products, labor and services
protected against hazards and other external shocks.
7.7 Strategies on Physical Protection, Structural and Technical

Measures
 Community decisions and planning regarding built environment take

potential natural hazard risks into account (including potential for increasing
7-3
risks through interference with ecological, hydrological, geological systems)

and vulnerabilities of different groups.
 Security of land-ownership/tenancy rights, low/minimal level of
homelessness and landlessness.
 Safe locations: community members and facilities (homes, workplaces,
public and social facilities) not exposed to hazards in high-risk areas and/or
relocated away from unsafe sites.
 Structural mitigation measures (embankments, flood diversion channels,
water harvesting tanks, etc.) in place to protect against major hazard
threats, built using local, skills, materials and appropriate technologies as
far as possible.
 Community capacities and skills to build, retrofit and maintain, structures
(technical and organizational)
 Adoption of physical measures to protect items of domestic property (e.g.,
raised internal platforms and storage as flood mitigation measures, portable
stoves) and productive assets (e.g., livestock shelters).
 Adoption of short-term protective measures against impending events (e.g.,
emergency protection of doors/windows from cyclone winds).
 Infrastructure and public facilities to support emergency management needs
(e.g., shelters-secure evacuation and emergency supply routes). In
appropriate cases, provide a separate center for women and their children
at the maximum, or bath and toilet facilities and needed privacy for women,
girl-children are provided for at the minimum. An emergency response for
women and vulnerable groups shall be designed to include search and
rescue operations, evacuation management and rehabilitation plans.
 Resilient and accessible critical facilities (e.g., health centers, hospitals,
police and fire-stations – in terms of structural resilience back-up systems,
etc.)
 Resilient transport/service infrastructure and connections (roads, paths,
bridges, water supplies, sanitation, power lines, communications, etc.)
7.8 Regulatory Measures to Incorporate in the SP’s Legislative

Agenda
Regulatory measures are also a necessary instrument of management in that they

seek to prevent or preempt certain socially undesirable actions and behaviors that
tend to nullify or neutralize the benefits that may accrue from the positive intervention
measures. In the particular case of necessary regulations to implement this
DRR/CCA, the city zoning ordinance has delineated hazard-prone areas as no-build
zones in order to put future settlements permanently out of harm’s way. Other
specific regulations will be enacted through single-subject ordinances as the need
arises.
The measures should strongly suggest to the Sangguniang Panlungsod to

encourage land use applications of land use policies and land use planning in
7-4
disaster management. It needs a strong and responsive political will, commitment

and leadership. It is best done through customized adoption.
7.9 Activities to be Added to Functions of Existing LGU Departments

and Offices
Build capacities to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and disaster

preparedness by designating each department head in the LGU a role and how to
respond in the event of disaster. A working group should be organized to address
functional committees and maximizing their tasks and functions in mainstreaming
DRRM/CCA in the LGU systems and processes.
7.10 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster-Resilient Governance
7.10.1 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Sec. 11 of Republic Act 10121 provides for the organization at the local government
level of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and accordingly the
existing City Disaster Coordinating Council (CDRRMC) under PD 1566 shall
henceforth be known as City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(CDRRMC).
The CDRRMC shall have the following functions:
1. Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMP and regularly
review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning
programs;
2. Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
into local development plans, programs, and budget as a strategy in sustainable
development and poverty reduction;
3. Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evaluation or local

residents, if necessary; and
4. Convene the local council once every three months or as necessary.
7.10.2 Creation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

(LDRRMO)
Responsible officers will have to be designated for:
1. Administration and Training

2. Research and Planning
3. Operation and Warning
7-5
Among the more important functions of the LDRRMO are the following:
1. Design, program and coordinate disaster risk reduction and management

activities consistent with the National Council’s standards and guidelines;
2. Organize and conduct training, orientation and knowledge management

activities on disaster risk reduction and management at the local level;
3. Operate a multi-hazard early warning system, linked to disaster risk reduction

to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency
response organizations and to the general public, through diverse mass
media, particularly radio, landline communications, and technologies for
communication within rural communities.
4. Formulate and implement a comprehensive and integrated LDRRMP in

accordance with the national, regional and provincial framework, and policies
on disaster risk reduction in close coordination with the local development
councils (LDCs);
5. Prepare and submit to the local Sanggunian through the LDRRMC and the
LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget, the proposed programming of the
LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management
resources, and other regular funding source/s and budgetary support of the
LDRRMO/BDRRMC;
6. Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and

entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private groups and organized volunteers to utilize
their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and
properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and
procedures;
7. Develop, strengthen and operationalize mechanisms for partnership or

networking with private sector, CSOs other LGUs and volunteer groups;
8. Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emergency response teams
and the ACDVs, ensuring that humanitarian aid workers are equipped with
basic skills to assist mothers to breastfeed;
9. Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out
recovery activities in the affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient
mechanism or immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for
women and children, endeavor to create a special place where internally-
displaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding, feed and care for their
babies and give support to each other.
7-6
10. Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the LDRRMC;
11. Establish Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations

Centers and Communities;
12. Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the LDC, the report on the
utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and
management resources to the local COA, copy furnished the regional director
of the OCD and the Local Government Operations Officer of the DILG.
7-7
Section
MONITORING REVIEW
AND EVALUATION
8 SYSTEM
More specifically, monitoring and evaluation will be done with emphasis on CCA-
DRR principles on major success indicators which have been suggested in the
situational analysis of the different planning sectors of the CLUP especially with
regard to their constraints and potentials which have, in turn, been translated into
vision, goals and development thrusts and programs. This stage in the CLUP
process is intended to put in place the systems/mechanisms/procedures that will
allow the consistent and systematic monitoring of development interventions with
regard to their intended results, measurement of trends, and evaluation of benefits
and impacts. It shall serve as the feedback mechanism and basis for revising policy
interventions that will lead to higher levels of success in program and project
implementation. Presented below is a monitoring and evaluation matrix (Table 8-1)
that indicates the more significant recommended success indicators, the responsible
LGU departments/offices, and brief description/parameter for monitoring.
Table 8-1: Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators
Recommended CCA-DRRM- Brief Description/

Responsible LGU
Related Success Parameters for
Department/Office
Indicators/Targets Monitoring
 Incremental relocation of City Social Welfare and  Annual number of
exposed informal settlers Development Office; vulnerable settler
from areas at risk to floods City Planning and families relocated
and landslides Development Office
 Construction of evacuation Local Disaster Risk  Annual monitoring of
centers as alternative to Reduction and number of evacuation
schools being used as Management Office; centers being
evacuation centers City Planning and constructed
Development Office;
City Engineering Office
 Construction of medium- City Engineering Office;  Annual monitoring of
rise housing projects for City Planning and housing units
low/middle income groups Development Office constructed
and government
employees
 More ecoparks established City Engineering Office;  Monitoring of effort to
in the city City Community secure LGU and
Environment and external funding for
Natural Resources establishment of more
Office; City Architect’s ecoparks
Office
8-1
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Section 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

Responsible LGU
Department/Office
 More primary and tertiary City Engineering Office;  Monitoring of number
level health stations City Health Office of primary and tertiary
construction health infrastructures
constructed
 More public school City Engineering Office;  Annual monitoring of
classrooms and City Planning and number of school
laboratories constructed Development Office classrooms and
laboratories
constructed
 More protective services City Engineering Office;  Annual monitoring of
facilities constructed City Planning and police substations, jail
Development Office; cells and fire sub
City Architect’s Office stations constructed
 More social welfare City Engineering Office;  Annual monitoring of
facilities constructed City Architect’s Office number of women and
children crisis centers,
CICL Rehab Centers
and Centers for street
children constructed
 More idle lots and open City Agriculturist’s Office  Hectarage or number
spaces utilized for urban of idle/vacant lots
farming utilized for urban
agriculture
 More trainings conducted City Community  Annual number of
on capacity building in Environment and trainings, seminars and
environment and natural Natural Resources workshops conducted
resources management Office
 More monitoring stations City Community  Number of monitoring
for maintain rivers and Environment and stations established
groundwater quality and Natural Resources and IEC seminars
IEC seminars on proper Office conducted
solid and liquid waste
disposal
 Sufficient and high quality City Engineering Office;  Monitoring of
of potable water supply for City Environment and Memorandum of
the city Natural Resources Agreement between
Office LGU and NWRB to
jointly monitor water
resource extraction
and use in the city
 Good air quality being City Environment and  Air quality
maintained in the city Natural Resources monitoring/sampling
Office stations set up around
the city
 IEC seminars and training City Environment and  Number of seminars
programs conducted and Natural Resources conducted and solid
devised to improve solid Office waste management
8-2

Responsible LGU
Department/Office
waste management in the programs formulated
city
 More vulnerable structures City Engineering Office  Monitoring of
retrofitted or employing vulnerable buildings
disaster mitigation and houses being
structural design standards retrofitted or reinforced
 Master plan formulated for City Engineering Office  Monitoring of progress
integrated flood and of formulation of an
drainage system integrated flood and
drainage system
 More water impounding City Agriculturist’s  Number of water
systems set up for Office; City Engineering impounding systems
agricultural and household Office set up
use
 More detention ponds City Engineering Office  Number of detention

constructed to minimize ponds constructed.
flooding
 More connector roads City Engineering Office,  Monitoring of
constructed such as City Planning and connector roads built
between: Greenfield Development Office or kilometrage of roads
Parkway and San Lorenzo built
Road; Binan-Santa Rosa
Access Road and Santa
Rosa-Tagaytay Road;
Provincial Road and
Laguna Blvd.; Greenfield
Parkway and Santa Rosa-
Tagaytay Road, Brgys.
Macabling and Balibago;
and Tagapo East-West
Road
 More roads widened such City Engineering Office;  Monitoring of road
as the Brgy.. Macabling City Planning and widening project or
road leading to Balibago Development Office kilometrage of road
Polyclinic and Hospital, Inc. widened
 More roads graded and City Engineering Office  Monitoring of roads
paved such as the Tagapo- graded and paved or
Macabling Road Segment kilometrage of roads
intersecting the Binan- graded and paved
Santa Rosa Access Road
 More bridges built such as City Engineering Office  Monitoring of bridges
the two proposed in Brgy. built
Macabling
 Santa Rosa Manpower City Planning and  Monitoring of
Training Center upgraded Development Office upgrading manpower
training center
8-3

Responsible LGU
Department/Office
 Polytechnic University of City Planning and  Monitoring of subsidy
the Philippines Santa Rosa Development Office provided by LGU
Campus subsidized
 Senior high school City Engineering Office  Number of senior
buildings and campuses highschool buildings
established and campuses built
 Pamantasan ng Santa City Engineering Office  Monitoring of funding
Rosa established and arrangements for
establishment of
Pamantasan ng Santa
Rosa with LGU and
CHED
 Performance Governance City Planning and  Monitoring and
System adopted and Development Office adoption and
implemented implementation of
Performance
Governance System
 Land banking program Sangguniang  Land parcels bought or
initiated Panlungsod hectarage bought by
LGU
 Community-Based City Planning and  3-year internal
Monitoring System Survey Development Office monitoring of CBMS
conducted survey
 Barangay boundaries City Engineering Office;  Monitoring of barangay
delineated and demarcated City Planning and boundary survey by
Development Office LGU in coordination
with Land
Management Bureau
and barangay officials
 Green Technology adopted City Planning and  Government centers
and mainstreamed in Development Office; adopting Green
government centers City Community Technology
Environment and
Natural Resources
Office
 Santa Rosa City upgraded City Development  Monitoring of LGU
from Component City to Council; City Planning campaign for
Highly Urbanizing City and Development Office upgrading from
Component City to
Highly Urbanizing City
8-4

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Table of Contents

1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 1-1

2.2.1 Exposure of Santa Rosa City to Hazards 2-1

4.4.12 City Waters Area 4-23

1.2 Sectoral Analysis Matrices

1.2.1 Social Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-1: Housing

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-2: Health

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

9. Success rate for TB  Emergence of MDR  Accredit both CHOs for

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-3: Education

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-4: Protective Services

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-5: Sports and Recreation

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-6: Social Welfare

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

3. Lack of service vehicle  Delayed transaction,  Purchase of additional

1.2.2 Economic Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-7: Industry

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-8: Commerce and Trade

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-9: Agriculture/Forestry-Agriculture

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-10: Tourism

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

1.2.3 Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Programs and Projects

Table 1-11: Transportation

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-12: Power

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

3. Minimal awareness of  Low awareness and  Increase public based

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-13: Water/Land/Air

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-14: Communication

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

Table 1-15: Solid Waste Management

Observation/Technical Policy Option/

1.3 Sectoral Profile of Santa Rosa City

1.3.1 Historical Background

1.3.1.1 From Barrio Bukol

When the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de

1.3.1.2 American Period

1.3.1.3 Sakdalista Revolt Period

1.3.1.4 Japanese Period