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Disclaimer
Incolink sponsors the publication of this handbook, but is not the author of it.
As such, Incolink does not represent or guarantee the accuracy or currency
of the information contained in it. To the extent permitted by law, Incolink
disclaims all liability (including for negligence) for any direct or indirect loss,
damages, liability or cost which is or may be suffered by any user of this
handbook through reliance on anything contained in it or omitted from it.
Users of this handbook must make their own assessment of the information
and are advised to verify that information for accuracy and currency with the
relevant industry bodies.
contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................................... 6
CONTACTS IN VICTORIA AND BORDERING STATES .......................................... 7
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Addendum and Special Note....................................................................................................................... 11
VICTORIA EPA
Ph: 1300 372 842
AMCA Fax: (03) 9695 2610
Ph: (03) 8831 2800 contact@epa.vic.gov.au
Fax: 03) 9888 8459
Email: vicamca@amca.com.au ETU
Ph: (03) 8329 0000
AMWU Fax: (03) 8329 0066
Ph: (03) 9230 5700 1800 134 835 (Toll free)
www.amwu.asn.au www.etuvic.com.au
AWU CFMEU FFPD (FurnishingTrades)
Ph: (03) 8327 0888 Ph: (03) 9274 9200
Fax: (03) 8327 0899 Fax: (03) 9274 9284
www.awu.net.au www.cfmeuffpd.org.au
CCF Incolink
Ph: (03) 9822 0900 Ph (03) 9639 3000
Fax: (03) 9822 0022 Fax (03) 9639 1366
www.civilcontractors.com www.incolink.org.au
CEPU Plumbing Division
Ph: (03) 9662 3388 Chaplain/Critical Incident
Fax: (03) 9663 2613 Counselling
www.pteu.asn.au Ph: (03) 9668 3061
1800 337 789 regional and rural only
CFMEU (Construction & General) Mob: 0419 568 605
VIC Drug and Alcohol Program
Ph: (03) 9341 3444 Ph: (03) 9668 3061
(03) 9341 3427 1800 337 789 regional and rural only
www.cfmeuvic.com.au Mob: 0419 560 958
Dial Before You Dig Master Builders Association
Ph: 1100 of Victoria
www.1100.com.au Ph: (03) 9411 4555
Fax: (03) 9419 3800
www.mbav.com.au
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
AMCA
Ph: (08) 8234 2899
Fax: (08) 8234 1615
Email: crankin@amcasa.com.au
CEPU Plumbing Division
Ph: (08) 8234 2130
Fax: (08) 8352 1711
www.cepusa.com.au
CFMEU
South Australia
Ph: (08) 8231 5532
Fax: (08) 8231 3822
www.cfmeu.asn.au
ETU
Ph: (08) 8234 2130
Fax: (08) 8352 1711
www.cepusa.com.au
Master Builders Association
of South Australia
Ph: (08) 8211 7466
Fax: (08) 8231 5240
Email: buildsa@mbasa.com.au
www.mbasa.com.au
NECA
Ph: (08) 8272 2966
Fax: (08) 8373 1528
Email: neca@necasa.asn.au
SafeWork South Australia
Ph: 1300 365 255 (Help Centre)
Fax: (08) 8204 9200
www.safework.sa.gov.au
Duty to consult
Employers with HSRs
The OHS Act requires employers to consult with their HSRs on
all occupational health and safety matters.
An employer needs to consult with the HSR:
• to identify and assess hazards or risks to health and safety
in the workplace
• before making decisions to control risks to health and safety
in the workplace
• before changes are implemented that may affect the health
and safety of employees
• before policies and procedures are introduced
• before making decisions about facilities for the welfare of
employees.
An employer telling the HSRs what will happen is not
consultation.
Employer’s Representative
The principal contractor may nominate a member of its staff to
act as the employer’s representative who may also be the safety
officer. This person will be responsible for managing safety on
site and consulting with employees and their Health and Safety
Representatives on all the above matters.
Planning
The principal contractor must ensure that evacuation routes are
planned, monitored and revised as necessary.
As part of the site’s emergency response plan, the principal
contractor should designate the evacuation routes for the site work
areas. The suitability of routes should be regularly reviewed over the
life of the project to ensure they remain effective as the site layout
changes.
In multi-storey buildings each active stairway should be treated as
an evacuation route.
Any work area being accessed, including temporary support
structures, requires emergency lighting in the evacuation route in the
following situations:
- Where access is outside full daylight hours; as the year
progresses emergency lighting may need to be installed as days
shorten, or
- Where natural lighting is insufficient to maintain the minimum
lighting level of 20lx (e.g. basements, internal passageways or
shading from adjacent buildings)
Note: If the work area is not sufficiently illuminated by the
evacuation route lighting, additional emergency lighting may need
to be installed within the work area to enable safe egress to the
evacuation route.
Signed:
Date: / /
Pendulum Effect
Falling Objects
There is always the potential for falling objects to injure or kill
persons when overhead work is carried out.
Where guardrails are protecting edges and voids make sure
kickboards are in place to stop materials from falling over the edge.
In developing a Safe Work Method Statement for particular tasks,
supervisors and their employees should consider falling object
hazards.
Where protective platforms and screens cannot guarantee that
falling objects will not present a threat, the following safety measures
should apply:
• A NO GO area should be established below overhead work
• A NO GO area or overhead protection should be provided in
proximity of hoist (e.g. Alimak) access/egress points to prevent
falling hoist components injuring persons
• The NO GO area should have secure barriers in place and
adequate signage to prevent access into the area
• All employees should be made aware of the NO GO area
• In certain circumstances a spotter may be necessary
Workers should be instructed to remember that there may be a
danger to themselves from other trades working overhead and that
their work may be a danger to those working below.
Demolition
PPE
• Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment should be
provided:
The following PPE should be provided:
o safety helmets
o hearing protection
o safety goggles
o face shields
o safety clothing, including safety boots, aprons, gloves and
reflective vests
o respirators
Locating services
• Locate and mark all services during initial safety planning using
the ‘Dial 1100 before you dig’ service or by contacting the local
government authority
• Consult the original drawings of the services and conduct a
search for any ‘as constructed’ drawings in case there has been
a change of location of services during installation (eg services
located in floors, walls and cavities)
• If the services have been moved, use specialist equipment (e.g.
a cable locator) to accurately determine where the services are
now located prior to any cuts being made
• Disconnect any services that need to be cut through
• Ensure disconnections are confirmed and tagged by the relevant
service personnel before the work begins
Noise
• Obtain information on the noise output of different models from
manufacturers and suppliers before purchasing or hiring equipment
• Select the quietest suitable model and blade available
• Keep people not directly involved in cutting or drilling away from
excessive noise areas
• Where practicable, erect temporary acoustic barriers around
cutting and drilling areas to further reduce the spread of noise
• Provide operators with appropriate hearing protectors
Site Investigation
It is crucial that prior to excavation taking place, a site investigation is
carried out to determine:
• Nature of the ground (soil type, rock, water table)
• Possibility of flooding from any water source
• The existence of underground services (gas, electricity, pipelines,
sewer)
• Proximity of other excavations and other point sources of instability
• The possibility of natural or artificial hazards (e.g. ground
contamination)
Trenching/excavation checklist
All trenching and excavation operations should be subject to a
Electrical Safety
• All RCDs, while being used on site, must be tested by
a licensed electrician for tripping current and time each
calendar month
• These requirements also apply to RCDs on portable
generators
Portable Generators
Portable generators NOT requiring an earth electrode should
be used wherever reasonably practicable. Where a generator
supplies portable tools and equipment, it should be fitted with
a decal and displayed in a prominent position which clearly
indicates whether the generator requires an earth stake.
Where portable generators are used on site, ensure the
following:
• is fully serviceable and has been properly maintained where
supplying a fixed installation
• is installed by a licensed electrician
• is inspected by a licensed electrical inspector before use
• a Certificate of Electrical Safety is provided
• is fitted with a 30 mA RCD - where supplying portable tools
and equipment,
Socket-outlet(s) fitted to portable generators used on a
construction site must be protected by residual current devices
(RCDs), including those supplying power to a re-locatable site
building via an extension lead.
Construction Switchboards
Construction switchboards fitted with residual current device (RCD)
protection should be used to supply all power on building and
construction sites. Temporary switchboards should have:
• A door and a locking facility for circuit breakers and RCDs –
which are tested on a monthly cycle
• A clear sign on the door stating “Keep Closed - leads through
bottom”
• An insulated recess in the bottom for connecting extension leads
• Protection from the weather if used outdoors
• Protection against mechanical
damage (electrical supply
wiring should also be Never use an
protected) electrical power
• A tie bar source, which is not
• Suitable stands, or are attached protected by a RCD
to a wall. Post mounted boards
must be securely fastened by Never reset a RCD,
coach screws or bolts which has tripped.
• A clearance of at least 1 m It should be
maintained in front of the board checked and reset
by an electrician
Electrical Safety
leads cannot exceed 50 metres
• No extension lead should run from one floor to another on
multi level sites
• Leads should always be insulated against contact with metal
structures
• Leads should be raised on insulated stands or hooks to
protect them from damage and to provide clear access for
personnel and vehicles
• Multi-plug portable outlet devices must include over current
and RCD protection
Make sure that the power tools and electrical leads in use have
been properly checked and tagged.
Make sure that electrical leads are not lying in water or in contact
with metal components.
• Leads must never run through water or be on the ground in
potential contact with trafficable plant and machinery
• All 3 pin flat pin plugs and sockets used on extension leads
shall be of the transparent or non-removable type moulded
on to the cord
• Double adaptors and 3 pins plug adaptors (piggy-back) must
not be used
Electrical Safety
• The isolation of the pre-existing power source from the area
under refurbishment and/or demolition
• An inspection of the work zone for the existence of energised
wiring prior to the commencement of each stage of work.
Any electrical wiring which cannot be isolated should be
tagged or marked using appropriate warning tape and
should be appropriately mechanically protected against
damage
• The establishment of an RCD protected switchboard for
power and lighting
Reference can be made to the ETU De-energisation Procedure
for Demolition Works located on the Internet at
http://www.etu.asn.au/pdfs/2005/de-energising_procedure.pdf
Electrical Safety
the ability of the line to move in the wind and the difficulties
operators sometimes experience seeing the line in fading or
difficult light.
NO GO ZONES - SCAFFOLDS
Horizontal Vertical
Powerlines 4.6m either 5m below
on poles side 5m above
Electrical Safety
• Tipping trucks and trailers
• Erecting exterior display signs or similar advertising structures
• Handling long materials near powerlines (e.g. ladders, metal
purlins, roof sheets, painters’ extension poles)
• Moving vehicles with high loads or long aerials
• Erecting TV/radio antennae, flagpoles and the like
Selection of slings
Soft slings should not be the default choice for lifting loads as
they are more susceptible to damage than other sling types.
Sling selection should be based on risk management principles
with the safest sling type used for each specific lift. There
are a range of safer and suitable/alternative options when the
use of “soft-slings” are being considered. All reasonable and
practicable alternatives/options need to be fully sourced and
explored, prior to any final decision being made about the most
appropriate and safest methods of lifting/transporting/placement
of any loads/materials.
Sling inspection
Regular inspections should identify damaged or defective slings and
ensure they are removed from service before failure occurs:
• Soft slings must be checked by the person using the sling before
each use.
• They must also be inspected by a competent person at least
every three months.
Traffic Management
- The safe operation or positioning of plant on footpaths or
roads on the external boundaries of sites.
2) Managing mobile plant operating within construction sites
This involves:
- Ensuring that there is a safe separation between
pedestrian workers and mobile plant operating on sites.
Traffic Management
• Minimisation of vehicles needing to access the site
• Clear access routes through site. One way traffic where
practicable
• Provision of dedicated delivery areas and material storage
areas
• Provision of crane loading bays (where applicable)
• For earth works activity, the provision of flagging or
barricading to separate machinery from pedestrians
• The provision of spotters/flagmen where there are hazardous
interfaces between trucks/plant and pedestrians
• Where practicable, barricading, or flagging to separate EWPs
from pedestrians, particularly in thoroughfares
• High visibility reflective vests to be worn by those required to
work near mobile plant
• Reversing lights/beepers on mobile plant, vehicles and
trucks
Housing development
• Delivery vehicles not fitted with reversing alarms to be
escorted whilst moving around the site
• Skid steer loaders to be fitted with isolation switches when
unattended
• Site housekeeping maintained to allow orderly access/areas
to subcontractor vehicles
Welding tips
Tip Size Fuel flow & Oxygen flow &
pressure l/min @ pressure l/min @
(kPa) (kPa)
Note: Make sure that you have flashback arrestors fitted at both
torch and regulator end before using any of the equipment listed
above, and ensure they have a suitable flow rate for the tip or nozzle
you are using.
* Regulator elastomers and seals will wear and deteriorate in service and
deteriorate out of service. Items stored for one year or over without use
should receive inspection as per the annual maintenance inspection.
Arc Welding
Under the Hazardous Substances Part of the OHS Regulations 2007
welding fumes are considered to be a hazardous substance that is
produced or generated from a non-hazardous substance.
Only competent persons should perform arc-welding work.
All welders must wear the appropriate protective clothing – eye
protection, welding jackets, gloves, apron, overalls and clothing
protecting exposed skin. Respiratory protection may also be
needed.
The type of electrodes that are being used should be checked to
ensure that there is compliance to the safety recommendations of
the manufacturer or supplier.
Screens must be used to protect the eyes of other persons from
flash burns.
Confined Spaces
with air-supplied respiratory protective equipment or other
appropriate respiratory protective equipment
• If there is a likelihood of fire or explosion in a Confined
Space, an employer must ensure that no source of ignition is
introduced to the space
• The employer must ensure that workers are not exposed to
dangerous levels and concentrations of any flammable gas
or vapour. (Refer to the Regulations for specific requirements)
• An employer must ensure that signs are erected in the
immediate vicinity of a Confined Space (for the period for
which work is performed) which identify the Confined Space
and notify employees that they must not enter the Confined
Space unless they have a Confined Space Entry Permit
• An employer must ensure that Confined Space control
measures and risks in relation to work in a confined space
are reviewed and revised -
(a) After any incident occurs involving work in a Confined
Space
(b) The risk control measures do not adequately control the
risks
(c) After receiving a request from a Health and Safety
Representative
Confined Spaces
- Provision of all other necessary personal protective
equipment used by employee (s) carrying out emergency
procedures in a Confined Space. Employers to ensure
compliance
- Openings for the entry to and exit from a Confined Space
are of adequate size to permit rescue operations and are
not obstructed by fittings or plant. If that is not reasonably
practicable an alternative safe means of entry to and exit
from the space for rescue purposes to be provided
- Plant provided for use in the emergency procedures to be
maintained in a safe condition
• Relevant employees to be provided with information,
instruction and training in all aspects of the Confined Space
work including the permit requirements and emergency
procedures
Clearance Certificates
A Clearance Certificate must be obtained prior to any person
reoccupying a site where: any quantity of friable asbestos has been
removed, and non-friable asbestos greater than 10 square metres
has been removed.
The Clearance Certificate must state: a) an inspection by an
independent person found no visible asbestos residue in the area
from which the removal took place; and b) para-occupational air
monitoring results in the area from which the removal took place
indicate that the airborne asbestos fibre level is less than 0.01 fibres/
ml of air as a time weighted average.
Exposure standard
In accordance with the Noise Part of the OHS Regulations 2007
employers must identify if there is a risk to employees from
noise levels in the workplace. This means that employers must
Noise
determine whether the daily exposure standard for noise of 85
dB (A) and peak hold sound pressure level reading of 140 dB
(C) – is likely to be exceeded.
Control measures
Employers must ensure that no employee at the workplace
is exposed to noise that exceeds the exposure standard by
implementing the following control measures based on the risk
control hierarchy:
• Eliminate the source of the noise
• Substitute quieter plant or processes
• Use engineering controls (sound proof the plant in an
enclosure)
• Use administrative controls (drastically reduce the time the
person is exposed to the noise)
• Provide hearing protective devices as a last resort
If the employer has determined that noise levels will exceed the
exposure standard, and it is not reasonably practicable to control
the risk, within six months the employer must prepare a written
record that describes the actions necessary to implement the
control measure and when these actions will be carried out.
Noise areas and machinery and tasks where hearing protection
must be worn, are required to be identified by signs, labels or
other appropriate means.
Noise
available
Powder -actuated tool in 109 147 Nil based on
masonry peak
Powder – actuated tool in 102 143 Nil based on
timber peak
Paslode nail gun 101 138 Nil based on
peak
Electric grinder (on 100 123 8 minutes
aluminium)
Cut - off saw 100 118 8 minutes
Electric hand planer 98 114 15 minutes
Masonry drill (timber then 98 111 15 minutes
concrete)
Bench rip saw 97 116 15 minutes
Circular saw 96 113 15 minutes
Hammering 4 inch nail into 95 131 Nil based on
timber peak
Bench grinder 94 113 30 minutes
Jig saw 93 112 30 minutes
Belt sander 93 105 30 minutes
Router 92 108 1 hour
Electric chain saw 91 112 1 hour
Electric drill in timber 89 100 2 hours
Electric sander (1/3 sheet) 81 103 8 hours
Task Examples
Handling unstable, Handling reo sheets
unbalanced or difficult Handling long
to grasp loads lengths of timber
Difficult repetitive or Using a nail gun
sustained use of force
Manual Handling
Repetitive or sustained Working on
awkward posture plasterboard ceiling
(even if no load is
being handled)
Repetitive or sustained Bricklaying
movement
Application of high force Lifting heavy loads
Exposure to sustained Using jackhammer,
vibration pneumatic drill
Manual Handling
Only as a last resort can there be a sole reliance on information,
instruction or training to control the risk.
In determining measures to control risk of musculoskeletal
injuries, the following factors must be addressed —
• Postures
• Movements
• Forces
• Duration and frequency of the task
• Environmental conditions including heat, cold and vibration
Hard Hats
Must be worn at all times unless it can be clearly established
through a documented risk assessment, that there are no risks of
head injuries from either falling objects or collision with fixed objects,
tools or plant.
Safety Footwear
All personnel on site must wear safety footwear conforming to the
relevant standard – AS/NZS 2210: 2010 Occupational protective
footwear- Guide to selection, use and care
Hearing Protection
Ear-plugs/ear-muffs must be worn in designated areas and wherever
high noise levels are present e.g. jack hammer, grinders, explosive
powered tools, pile driving, cutting metal, drilling masonry.
Eye Protection
Safety glasses or goggles are compulsory in designated eye
protection areas and when using power or machine tools and
pressure equipment. Face shields should be worn when handling
acids and chemicals.
Suitable welding goggles must be worn for gas welding and cutting.
Welding helmets must be worn for electric arc welding. Welding
screens should be used to protect the eyes of other persons from
welding flashes.
Skin Protection
Appropriate gloves, coveralls, boots and face shields should
be worn to prevent skin absorption when handling hazardous
liquids such as chemicals, epoxies, solvents, acids and wet
concrete. (MSDSs will provide accurate information on glove
selection.) Gloves should be worn when handling objects such
as sheet metal, wire cables etc.
Amenities
o WorkSafe Victoria Code of Practice for Building and
Roofing
o WorkSafe Victoria Compliance Code for Prevention of Falls
in General Construction
o Safe Work Australia National Code of Practice for the
Design of Buildings
o Safe Work Australia Model Code of Practice-Safe design of
structures
o AS/NZS 1170.1: 2002 Structural design actions - Permanent,
imposed and other actions (Amendment 1-2005, Amendment 2-
2009)
o AS/NZS 1170.0: 2002 : Structural design actions - General
principles
o AS/NZS 1170.2: 2002 : Structural design actions - Wind actions
o AS 1170.4: 2007 : Structural design actions - Earthquake actions
in Australia
o HB 84-2006 Guide to Concrete Repair and Protection
o AS 3600:2001 Concrete structures (Amendment 1-2010)
o AS 3959: 2009 Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas
Formwork
o Worksafe Victoria Compliance Code for Prevention of Falls in
General Construction
o Safe Work Australia National Code of Practice for the Prevention
of Falls in General Construction
o WorkCover NSW Code of Practice – Formwork 1998
o Formwork Advisory Standard 2004 Workplace Health & Safety QLD
o Safe Work SA Industry Guide for Formwork Construction Industry
South Australia
o WorkSafe Victoria Construction – Basic Formwork & Concreting
Checklist for Builders and Building Trades Contractors
o WorkSafe Victoria Guidance Note –Requirements for safe
construction of perimeter formwork
Electrical
o WorkSafe Victoria Industry Standard-Electrical Installations on
Construction Sites 2011
o Safe Work Australia Model Code of Practice- Managing electrical
risks at the workplace
o Energy Safe Victoria No Go Zones Working Near Overhead and
Underground Assets
o WorkSafe Victoria No Go Zones for Overhead Electrical
Powerlines -Special provisions for plant and equipment
o WorkSafe Victoria Framework For Undertaking Work Near
Overhead and Underground Assets - A Guide to No Go Zones
o WorkSafe Victoria Guide for Undertaking Work Near Underground
Assets
o WorkSafe Victoria Alert – Tiger battens on power lines are a
visual warning only
o AS/NZS 3012: 2010 Electrical installations - Construction and
demolition sites
o AS/NZS 3105:2012 Approval and test specification - Electrical
portable outlet device
o AS/NZS 3105:2007 Approval and test specification - Electrical
portable outlet devices (Amendment 1-2010)
Welding
o AS 4839-2001 The safe use of portable and mobile oxy-fuel gas
systems for welding, cutting, heating and allied processes
Confined Spaces
o Confined Spaces Part of the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007
o WorkSafe Victoria Compliance Code for Confined Spaces
o AS/NZS 2865:2009 Confined spaces
o Safe Work Australia Model Code of Practice - Confined Spaces
o AS/NZS 60079.10.1:2009 Classification of areas - Explosive gas
atmospheres (IEC 60079-10 -1, Ed. 1.0 (2008) (MOD)
o WorkSafe booklet: Confined Spaces – Shaft, Tunnels and
Trenches
Dangerous Goods
o Dangerous Goods Act 1985
o Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
o Dangerous Goods (Explosives) Regulations 2000
o Dangerous Goods (HCDG) Regulations 2005
Asbestos
o Asbestos Part of the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007
o WorkSafe Victoria Asbestos Bulletins:
- Bulletin 1 – Approved Asbestos Analysts
- Bulletin 2 – Limited Removal of Fixed or Installed Asbestos
Permitted Without a Licence
- Bulletin 3 – Para-occupational Air Monitoring
- Bulletin 4 – Clearance Certificates and Independent Persons
Noise
o Noise Part of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007
o Safe Work Australia Model Code of Practice -Managing Noise
and Preventing Hearing Loss at Work
o WorkSafe Victoria Construction Noise Control Self – Assessment
Checklist 2004
o WorkSafe Victoria Guide for Assessing and Fixing Noise Problems
at Work 2005
o AS 2436: 2010 Guide to noise control on construction,
maintenance and demolition sites
Notes
www.incolink.org.au
BK1 - 0813