Conceptualization of Security in 21st Century

Balance of Power is anachronism in the 21st century which is dominated by the nation states that
see their national interests and national powers as chief aims. Thus, intense competition exists in
anarchic world. Balance of power was not appropriate to bring peace to the 21st century world. Due
to its inadequacy and uncertainty it was needed to be replaced by something more reliable.

Perceiving the Idea of Security in 21st Century

21st century is witnessing the nation states in their evolved shapes. International community is
stronger than ever before in the chaotic world history. But the risks of conflicts among states are
never eliminated absolutely. It is part of realistic world. In 21st century these risks might be less but
dangerous than ever. This is because international community is strong but several states have
weaponized themselves with weapons of mass destruction. Thus, maintaining peace in this scenario
is critical and needs proper mechanisms.

'Collective Security' as Core Concept of World Peace in 21st Century

The idea of 'Collective Security' replaced 'Balance of Power' in 21st century. This core concept of
security is different from its preceding formula.

A. What is Collective Security?

Collective Security can be defined as the 'the collective or joint mechanisms adopted and pursued by
the international community to fight aggression and the aggressor in order to maintain international
peace'.

B. Principle behind the Concept of Collective Security

The principle behind the concept of Collective Security is that 'all the states must be joining hands to
fight against the aggression. Attack against one states shall be taken as an attack against all states'.

C. How to Achieve Collective Security?

Collective security can be achieved by pursuing the ways mentioned below;
 Aggressor state is needed to be identified in a combat
 All other states shall work jointly to contain or defeat the aggressor
 Aggressor shall be either made to surrender or defeated
 Arrangements shall be made in future to bring the aggressor state into mainstream
Effectiveness of Collective Security
Effectiveness of 'Collective Security' depends completely upon the eagerness of states to play their
respective roles in this regard. More the willing states would be the more effective Collective Security
can be perceived.

Collective Security & The League of Nations

League of Nations established on the principle of collective security failed in its mission due to
inappropriate and nationalistic approach of certain states like Germany, Italy, France. It carried the
principles to preserve the world peace which collapsed after the Great Depression and finally led
world to Second Great War of the century.
Collective Security & the UN
UN succeeded the League. In its very first Article, the UN Charter pledges to maintain international
peace. Chapter 7 of the charter further clarifies the course of action that states need to adopt in
cases of Breach of Peace.

Conclusion
Collective Security is the idea that works as the concept of security in 21stcentury. This concept is
working contemporarily along with several flaws it carries.