Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

Questão 01 - (PUCCAMP SP/2011)

ele acabou descobrindo o Word, corresponde, em inglês, a

a) he finished discovering Word.

b) he finished to find out Word.
c) he eventually found out Word.
d) he eventually discovered Word.
e) he ended to discover Word.

Questão 02 - (ESCS DF/2009)

(1) Fears are growing that the tourism industry in many Caribbean states could suffer if Barack Obama, US
presidentelect, decides to weaken or lift a long-standing US embargo on Cuba.
(2) US passport holders are now banned from going to Cuba. But if American tourists, the Caribbean’s biggest
group of visitors, were granted unrestricted access to what is potentially the region’s largest tourism
destination, a “seismic shift” could hit the region, said Rafael Romeu, an International Monetary Fund
economist who has studied the issue.
(3) What exactly an Obama administration will do on Cuba remains unclear.
(4) But any shift allowing US travel to the Caribbean’s largest island could represent the single most significant
change in US policy towards the region and its economies.
(5) While Cuba has suffered from strict trade barriers for the past half-century, the rest of the region has benefited
as a result.
(6) Now, however, they will need to act quickly to prepare themselves for a large loss in what amount to implicit
trade preferences – or suffer the consequences, said Mr Romeu.
(7) Destinations most vulnerable are those that depend most heavily on US tourists, such as the Bahamas and
Cancún, while others that have a higher proportion of European visitors, such as the Dominican Republic and
Barbados, would be less affected.
(8) Mr Romeu expects a net increase of more than 10 per cent in the region’s tourists as costs of visiting fall.
About 1.4m people visit Cuba each year– compared with 1.5m for the Bahamas, 2m for Cancún, 2.3m for the
Dominican Republic, 1.3m for Jamaica and 2.9m for Puerto Rico.
(9) But Cuba is expected to receive as many as 3.5m American visitors alone if the US changes its policy. John
Rapley, of the Caribbean Policy Research Institute based in Jamaica, said that since Cuban tourism was
mostly directed towards the lower end of the market, one solution was for other islands to develop a higher
end product.
By Benedict Mander in Caracas
Financial Times - November 9 2008

False friends are pairs of words in two languages that look and/or sound similar, but differ in meaning. The option
that contains an example of a false friend is:
a) potentially (p.2);
b) fund (p. 2);
c) seismic (p.2);
d) policy (p.4);
e) region (p. 5).

Questão 03 - (UFAC/2007) All of words in each group are false cognates; EXCEPT one.
a) abstract – romance – parents – faculty
b) demand – cynic – amass – costume
c) pretend – tax – gratuity – dissert
d) cigar – audience – major - library
e) factory – dream – knowledge – release

Questão 04 - (UNIFEI MG/2007)

Border Security Bill

On September 29th, 2006, in the final hours prior to the fall election break, the Senate voted 80 to 19 to approve
700 miles of fence in high traffic, non-mountainous sections of the border. President Bush signed the bill in
Phoenix, Arizona, while calling again for "comprehensive reform" of immigration policies, including what his
conservative base decries as effective "Amnesty". Based on statements of a wide cross section of Senators, both
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Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

Republican and Democrat, there is little chance of any actual construction to begin during the remainder of the
Bush administration. A trial "virtual fence" will be tested in a 28-mile section for 8 or more months, prior to making
any final construction plans for a physical fence, according to statement made on October 6th by the Secretary of
Homeland Security, Michael Chertoff. A positive vote by prominent Democrats such as Hillary Clinton and Barbara
Boxer suggest that some assurances were made to the Democrats and Bush-supporting Republicans, that a "go
slow" policy would be applied by the Executive branch regarding actual construction. Michael Chertoff is given
general discretion in all these matters. Chertoff is on record as favoring a "virtual fence" over a physical barrier.
The Secure Fence Act of 2006 was signed by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2006

Copy, from the text, the words that mean the same as:
a) All-inclusive, complete, full, broad
b) Real, genuine
c) Guarantee, declaration, confidence, certainty
d) Guidelines, procedure, rule
e) Proposal, measure, proposed law, document

Questão 05 - (ITA SP/2007)

Texto I

A text familiar to many, George Orwell’s classic satire has cropped up on school reading lists ever since the year
of its creation. Few readers can fail to be touched by the tragedy within, by its wonderful synthesis of
unthreatening symbolism and incisive criticism. This familiarity is convenient since, as an adaptation, “Animal
Farm” spends too little time on the details of time and place. Instead, directors Joy Batchelor and John Halas
thrust us directly into the depression that is Manor Farm, briefly explaining the situation with pictures and narration
by Gordon Heath. (...)
Sadly, Batchelor and Halas make it vital to have read Orwell’s biting satire on Soviet history before viewing
“Animal Farm”, just to know what’s been left out. As it is, the film grasps the superficial aspects of Orwell’s
allegoric fable without his deeper message. In missing so badly, we’re left with an impressive attempt that never
matches up to its birthright.

Texto II

Power corrupts, but absolute power corrupts absolutely – and this is vividly and eloquently proved in Orwell’s short
novel. “Animal Farm” is a simple fable of great symbolic value, and as Orwell himself explained: “It is the history of
a revolution that went wrong”. The novel can be seen as the historical analysis of the causes of the failure of
communism, or as a mere fairy-tale; in any case it tells a good story that aims to prove that human nature and
diversity prevent people from being equal and happy, or at least equally happy. (...)
In “Animal Farm”, Orwell describes how power turned the pigs from simple “comrades” to ruthless dictators who
managed to walk on two legs, and carry whips.
The story may be seen as an analysis of the Soviet regime, or as a warning against political power games of an
absolute nature and totalitarianism in general. For this reason, the story ends with a hair-raising warning to all
humankind: “The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again: but
already it was impossible to say which was which”.

Texto III

When the farm’s prize-winning pig, Old Major, calls a meeting of all the animals of Manor Farm, he tells them that
he has had a dream in which mankind is gone, and animals are free to live in peace and harmony. (...). When Old
Major dies, (...) Snowball and Napoleon assume command, and turn his dream into a full-fledged philosophy. One
night, the starved animals suddenly revolt and drive the farmer Mr. Jones, his wife, and his pet raven off the farm
and take control. The farm is renamed “Animal Farm” as the animals work towards a future utopia. The Seven
Commandments of the new philosophy of Animalism are written on the wall of a barn for all to read, the seventh
and most important of which is that “all animals are equal” (...). Many years pass, and the pigs learn to walk
upright, carry whips, and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are reduced to a single phrase: “All animals
are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs, and the
humans of the area (in the adjacent Foxwood Farm run by Mr. Pilkington), who congratulate Napoleon on having
the most hard working animals in the country on the least feed. Napoleon announces his alliance with the humans
against the labouring classes of both “worlds”. The animals discover this when they overhear Napoleon’s
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Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

conversations and finally realize that a change has come over the ruling pigs. During a poker match, an argument
breaks out between Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington when they both play an Ace of Spades, and the animals realize
how they cannot tell the difference between the pigs and the humans.
(Fontes omitida)

Os termos prevent from ( texto II ) e realize ( texto III ) significam respectivamente :

a) previnir , compreender
b) impedir, compreender
c) prevenir, imaginar
d) impedir, idealizar
e) preparar, idealizar

Questão 06 - (UNISC RS/2006)

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Tracking the world’s average temperature from the late 19th century, people in the 1930s realized there had been
a pronounced warming trend. During the 1960s, scientists found that over the past couple of decades the trend
had shifted to cooling. Many scientists predicted a continued and prolonged cooling, perhaps a phase of a long
natural cycle or perhaps caused by human activities. Others insisted that humanity’s emission of gases would
bring warming over the long run. In the late 1970s, this group’s views became predominant. By the late 1980s, it
was plain that the cooling spell, whose cause remained mysterious, had been a temporary distraction. For
whatever reason, unprecedented global warming was underway.

O verbo “realized”, (ref.1) 2, Texto 1, é um falso cognato que quer dizer

a) realizaram.
b) perceberam.
c) mediram.
d) ignoraram.
e) alertaram.

Questão 07 - (ETAPA SP/2006)

United 93

Paul Greengrass’s account of how a single group of passengers, almost certain of death, decided on the morning
of September 11, 2001, to fight back against hijackers on a suicide mission turns out to be – after much public
anxiety about potential “exploitation” – an example of a hundred per cent professional filmmaking. Greengrass’s
movie is tightly wrapped, unrelenting, and, no matter how exciting, superbly precise. For this story of semi-
anonymous group heroism, he uses actual professionals (pilots, flight attendants, an air-traffic controller) mixed in
with largely unknown actors, and avoids visual or verbal rhetoric. The handheld camera is an active participant in
everything that’s going on – and still manages to see what it needs to see out of the corner of its eye. The
avoidance of front-and-center staging makes us feel the uncertainty of an unprecedented situation. This is true
existential filmmaking; in the end, the viewer’s dread is released in mad exhilaration as the passengers charge the
hijackers with the force of water breaking through a dam.
(Adapted from The New Yorker.)

A palavra actual, no texto, é sinônima de ..... .

a) dramatic
b) current
c) true
d) contemporary
e) modern

Questão 08 - (UFPI/2006)
Gang violence grips Brazil State

Attacks are continuing in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo where a wave of coordinated violence since Friday has
left at least 81 people dead.
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Overnight, gangs torched buses , targeted banks and maintained their attacks on police patrols and stations. At
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least 23 people were killed in the latest fighting , officials said. Authorities say the unrest is being directed from
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inside jail by a criminal gang after hundreds of its members were sent to maximum security prisons.
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Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

Correspondents say the violence is an escalation of what many in Sao Paulo are calling a war between the state
authorities and the First Command of the Capital (PCC) criminal faction.
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Uprisings are said to have been quelled at some 40 jails , but officials are also struggling to restore order in 29.
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About 120 people are still being held hostage. Unrest has also been reported in some prisons in neighbouring
states, including Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana. Following a meeting with the Brazilian president, Justice
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Minister Marcio Thomaz Bastos is on his way to Sao Paulo to offer the use of both the army and an elite police
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unit. Petrol Bombs Heavily armed gangs held up more than 60 buses during a third night of extreme violence in
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Sao Paulo, clearing the passengers off and then setting the vehicles alight. Molotov cocktails were hurled into
several bank branches and across Sao Paulo city, police stations again came under attack by gangs wielding
machine guns, machetes and home-made bombs. There were also several fatal shoot-outs.
On Monday morning, bus terminals and underground stations were closed amid fears of further attacks, making it
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impossible for many people to get to work. Many worried parents kept their children away from school . The
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attacks and riots began on Friday after 700 jailed PCC members were transferred to higher-security facilities .
Violence was reported in various parts of Greater Sao Paulo, as well as towns along the coast, including Guaruja,
Santos and Cubatao, and towns in the interior of the state.
4
Despite the violence, the governor of Sao Paulo state , Claudio Lembo, has said local authorities can cope, but
Brazilian newspapers report that the federal government is eager to send troops to restore order.
Mobile Phones A local public safety official told the Associated Press that authorities had been prepared for a
PCC response to the jail transfers but "never imagined it would be so big or ferocious”.
According to authorities, 38 gunmen and 39 police officers and prison guards are among the dead. Those who
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saw the killing of one police officer said two men wearing masks had approached and shot him in the head as
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he dined with his wife .
Founded in 1993, the PCC has been involved in drugs and arms trafficking, kidnappings, bank robberies, and
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prison breaks and rebellions, police say. The power of the faction has been heightened in recent years by the
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availability of mobile phones, smuggled through prison security , enabling members to run criminal activities from
the safety of their cells.
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In November 2003, the gang attacked more than 50 police stations , killing three police officers and wounding 12.
Those attacks were thought to have been orchestrated by PCC leaders in jail.
www.bbc.news Monday, 15 May 2006
O significado da palavra “facilities” (linha - 24), no texto é:
a) facções;
b) facilidades;
c) instalações;
d) viaturas;
e) faculdades.

Questão 09 - (UFRGS/2006)
1 2 3
"Seattle has a deep wateriness", says British- bom author and avid sailor Jonathan Raban, who has been a
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resident of the Washington city for more than a decade. "It's a basic constituent of the architecture that
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everything is reflected. The sight of the city 'sitting' on Elliott Bay on a calm day is extraordinary."
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Indeed, water is the soul of Seattle. From Elliott Bay, in the city's west side, ferries set sail for Bainbridge
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Island and container and cruise ships dock. Lake Union rests in the center of the city, and its arms cut off the
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north end. To the east lies vast Lake Washington, a physical barrier between Seattle and its expansive
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suburbs. Most vantage points include a glimpse of water, either still and shimmering or angry and capped with
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white. When the clouds can hold no more moisture, water rains down, washing the pavements dean and
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drenching the green lawns and elaborate gardens of the city.
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The peculiar and complex intersections of land and water in Seattle have created geographical and
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philosophical boundaries and dívisions. One result is in the city's many distinct and self- contained
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neighborhoods. It's not uncommon to meet someone who has lived in a single área since birth, and
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Seattleites are fiercely loyal to their neighborhoods. No one is prouder than a local of the isolated hamlet of
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Magnolia or the former hippie redoubt of Wallingford, for instance. Residents in each neighborhood still
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consider it to be the center of the universe. There is a neighborhood for everyone.
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Even if natives should treasure an urge to get out and see the world, it seems more than likely that they
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will eventually return. It's as if the soft rains and mild temperatures that allow trees and plants to flourish so
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abundantly somehow also permeate those who live here, encouraging familial roots to take hold.
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In 1851, it was water that first attracted Arthur Denny's clan, among the first settlers who left Illinois by
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covered wagon to seek riches ín the Oregon Territory. After learning of plentiful resources to the north, Denny
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and his group sailed to what is now Alki Beach in West Seattle. They eventuaíly established what became
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Pioneer Square. History may be young in this port town, but its grasp on the collective Northwest spirit is
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possibly stronger than that in any older, more storied East Coast city.
Adapted from: Elle Decor, v. 16, p. 66-80, Mar. 2005.

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Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

A expressão vantage points (I. 14-15) significa, em português,

a) pontos estratégicos.
b) pontos de vantagem.
c) vantagem nos pontos.
d) estratégia pontual.
e) pontos avantajados.

Questão 10 - (UNIFAP/2006)
ANXIETY SEEN IN TEENAGERS WHO SMOKE By DENISE GRADY

Contrary to the popular belief that teenagers who smoke are nervous children who use tobacco to calm down,
a new study suggests that heavy smoking may have the opposite effect, and actually increase their risk of
developing certain anxiety disorders in late adolescence or early adulthood.
The study found that compared with nonsmokers, teenagers who smoked at least 20 cigarettes a day had 12
times the risk of suffering panic attacks and 5 times the risk of generalized anxiety disorder and agoraphobia, a
fear of open spaces that makes some people unable to leave their homes.
''These severe anxiety disorders can start within only a few years of starting to smoke a pack a day,'' said Dr.
Jeffrey G. Johnson, an author of the study and an assistant professor of clinical psychology at Columbia
University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. Johnson said he hoped the findings would persuade
teenagers to quit smoking, or not to start.
Dr. Alan I. Leshner, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, said the study was important because it
showed that cigarette smoking might cause emotional harm rapidly in teenagers, long before physical effects like
lung cancer and heart disease would show up.
How smoking might heighten anxiety is not known. Dr. Johnson and his co-authors, from the National Institute
of Mental Health and Mount Sinai Medical Center in Manhattan, said the increased anxiety might be due to the
effects of nicotine on the brain or of diminished oxygen levels in smokers. Dr. Johnson said studies by other
researchers had shown that breathing problems and lack of oxygen could touch off panic attacks, a finding that
helped persuade him and his colleagues to pursue their research.
The study is the second recent one to suggest that smoking may lead to emotional disturbance in teenagers.
An article in October in the journal Pediatrics reported that teenagers who smoked were four times as likely as
nonsmokers to develop depression. But those who were already depressed were no more likely to take up
smoking than teenagers not suffering from depression.
People with generalized anxiety disorder have frequent feelings of fear and anxiety, often accompanied by
physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, sweating and shortness of breath, Dr. Johnson said.
The researchers found that teenagers who already had anxiety disorders at the age of 16 were no more likely
to smoke than those without anxiety disorders. In both groups, 14 percent to 15 percent went on to smoke at least
20 cigarettes a day in early adulthood. ''Anxiety disorders during adolescence did not contribute to increased
smoking,'' Dr. Johnson said. ''There was no association, not even a hint of an association.''
At the mean age of 16 years, 39 of the teenagers, or 6 percent, smoked at least 20 cigarettes a day. Six years
later, agoraphobia had developed in 4, generalized anxiety disorder in 8 and panic disorder in 3. The rates of
those disorders were far lower in those who had smoked less or not at all.
Dr. Johnson said his research did not determine exactly how long a person had to smoke heavily to increase
the risk of anxiety disorders or reveal whether stopping smoking would help to get rid of the disorders.
(Copyright 2005 The New York Times Company)

A palavra actually, usada no 1º parágrafo do texto, equivale a:

a) really
b) nowadays
c) seldom
d) at this moment
e) frequently

Questão 11 - (UFAC/2004) When did the doctor attend the conference? O significado do verbo ATTEND neste
contexto é:
a) cuidar
b) servir
c) acompanhar
d) atender
e) assistir

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Questão 12 - (UFAC/2002)

Na frase We need more data to make the homework, o significado da palavra em destaque é:
a) tempo
b) dias
c) data
d) colegas
e) dados.

Questão 13 - (UERGS/2002)
1
While Thomas of Colmar was developing the desktop calculator , a series of very interesting developments in
computers was started in Cambridge, England, by Charles Babbage , a Mathematics professor. In 1812, Babbage
6 9 8 2 10
realized that many long calculations , especially those needed to make mathematical tables , were really a series
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of predictable actions which were constantly repeated. From this he suspected that it should be possible to do
these automatically.
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By 1822, he had a working model of the difference engine, an automatic mechanical calculating machine . With
financial help from the British government, Babbage started fabrication of the difference engine in 1823. It was
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intended to be steam powered and fully automatic, including the printing of the resulting tables, and commanded
15
by a fixed instruction program .
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The difference engine , although having limited adaptability and applicability, was really a great advance .
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Babbage continued to work on it for the next 10 years, but in 1833 he lost interest because he thought he
had a better idea  the construction of what would now be called a general purpose, fully program-controlled,
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automatic mechanical digital computer . Babbage called this idea an Analytical Engine .
(Texto adaptado a partir do sítio www.zynex.com/nanotech/babbage.html.)

Auxílio à leitura:
desktop calculator (ref.1)  calculadora de mesa
needed to (ref.2)  necessárias para
predictable (ref.3) – previsíveis
working model (ref.4)  protótipo
powered (ref.5)  movido

Assinale, dentre as propostas a seguir, a melhor tradução para a palavra realized (ref.6).
a) reproduziu
b) realizou
c) percebeu
d) construiu
e) remodelou

Questão 14 - (UNIFEI MG/2000)

Your Time Their Future

Frank could have been the average American teen-ager. But with profound family, drug and behavioral problems,
and almost completely without resources, Frank was anything but average. He’d drifted into an alternative school
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for troubled youths, where, despite special classes, Frank’s principal still considered him “the worst kid of the
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whole lot .” Clearly, Frank was in a downward spiral with little hope of reversing the direction.
However, Elizabeth Muller, program coordinator at the Freeport Youth Outreach Center, refused to give up on the
teen-ager. She matched him with a mentor, Dr. Lawrence Brennan, who found Frank an after-school job. More
importantly, Dr. Brennan promised to meet with Frank for a few hours every week to talk and relax, and
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eventually to become a friend and confidant.
The results were powerful. In one semester, Frank switched from the alternative school to a regular junior high
school and
became an honor roll student. Since then he has never missed a class, mentor meeting or day of work.
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“All he needed was to be given some purpose and direction,” Brennan says.
Encarte do Reader’s Digest, October 1998

De acordo com o texto, como você traduz eventually (ref. 3)?

a) possivelmente
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b) eventualmente
c) finalmente
d) casualmente
e) certamente

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Blog do Enem Inglês – False Cognates (Falsos cognatos).

GABARITO:

1) Gab: D
2) Gab: D
3) Gab: E
4) Gab:
a) comprehensive
b) actual
c) assurances
d) policies
e) bill
5) Gab: B
6) Gab: B
7) Gab: C
8) Gab: C
9) Gab: A
10) Gab: A
11) Gab: E
12) Gab: E
13) Gab: C
14) Gab: C