Tumor immunology

Tumor immunology, means of defense of the body against the tumor.

Tumor not occur because within us a series of dizzying magnificent mechanism always has been, but it is
a cell went off the road, damage repair failed and this DNA is damaged in the DNA, anarchist cells began
to uncontrolled proliferation without installing any control mechanism ... Here then in the body There are
steps that defense against abnormal cells. One begins the other ends of the control points in our body.
That's a big reason why we carcinogenic, although we have not been swimming in the sea is still this
cancer. It is so amazing that our cells have defense mechanisms, even if you know them all, despite their
cancer is happening to people in how? Almost like we're programmed not to be cancer.

Nobel laureate famous German scientist, the owner of chemotherapy terms, immunologist Paul Ehrlich
tumor groundbreaking immunology put forward the following argument: "the tumor cells actually do not
belong to the body, and that these cells is an indicator could be excreted by the body's defense system," he
said, and immunotherapy first seed was tossed. immunotherapy, as the meaning of the word comes to
mean strengthening the immune system to treat cancer in the future I will discuss the details.

Then two famous scientist Lewis Thomas and McFarlane Burnet, body, not hers, unlike its own cells and
genetic material, recognition of tumor cells into the scientific term meaning IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
pathology as a gift. So how immune system cells recognize tumor cells? The mystery of the response of
cancer cells with tumor antigens stored in the tag of almost term.

Tumor Antigens

Tumor antigen released from tumor cells, usually means that stimulates the immune system molecules
which are capable of forming the protein nature of the immune response and the immune system. The
antigen for the first time, are displayed in experimentally induced rodent tumors. In these tumors, not too
do with chemicals used to create the formed not found in other tumors, only secreted by the the tumor
cells, it was noted that different special antigen these tumor antigens was called. These antigens that are
almost see the tumor's barcode function. Later work in advance the antigen, the most important cells of
the body's anti-tumor fighter, a type of white blood cells, i.e. cytotoxic T cells has been demonstrated by
detection of the bar code can be read.

Completely tumor specific antigens as well as some tumors, tumor tissue than in normal cells may still
express certain antigens secreted to result, and even when they are indistinguishable from those of
normal-cells in blood analysis. Example PSA means prostate specific antigen and secreted from both
normal prostate tissue from both cancerous prostate tissue and we diagnosed to measure the value of PSA
in prostate cancer, but blood can not be determined a new antigen was already increased the amount of
PSA that exists in an amount always blood that we see. In this case some problem arises in differential
diagnosis; benign enlargement of the prostate also find out what the real reason is for these antigens can
increase requires further investigation. Therefore, the diagnosis of prostate cancer, PSA is a value that we
take advantage of the more widely followed.

Warriors Of The Body Against Tumors

Immune system, since the school year for us, he was taught as a system that protects our body against
germs; however, this is not true, or rather incomplete, because our immune system not only consists of a
programmed system to fight germs, in recognizing the cancer cells, there are many specialized cells that
can kill. I rejoice inside you ... Even you're carrying billions of bodyguard shot in their electron
microscope images of real human ... you will find plenty of water from the pictures on the following
pages. Yes, there is within us billions of bodyguards protecting us against cancer and technologies that
promote that we can even shoot pictures of them under the microscope in pathology now, even these cells
are able pictures even while having the cancer cells, I share some of these pictures with you. None of this
information not only summarizes the theory, as real as we can pics.

Witnessed many times in my life is my profession, the relatives of cancer patients, think of it as a germ to
give encouragement to the patient, you'll beat him so they comforted. This analogy also seen as a
consolation to comfort the patient is not told no truth to that. Indeed, the cancer cells in the immune
system of our senses like a microbe that kills germs and kills the same mechanism. Most of the body's
cells programmed to destroy cancer cells, but also are cells capable of killing germs.

As with all immune system in human vertebrate roughly divided into two; inherent innate immune system
that we call natural immunity, after an attack from any foreign substances in organisms, spontaneous
adaptive immune system that acquired immunity. Located in our body than natural immunity and innate
immunity already existing without being subjected to any microbial attack yet. Soon I'll tell scavenger
cells and natural killer cells, tumor fighters are also included in this group, so we are already protected
against cancer cells actually arises.

The body's fight against cancer is a match between these defensive cells such as cancer cells so to speak,
our destiny is determined by which side prevailed. This defensive cells are the main components of the
immune system and in this system, in congenital or acquired a failure occurs the person, also,
rheumatism, by the use of immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as
psoriasis, as the increased incidence of various cancers, the importance in the fight against cancer of these
cells is testament to speak. Here are the most effective and the most famous of these warriors.

Scavenger Cells: Macrophages

Scavenger cells by macrophages or monocytes alias in the tissues and the twins in their bloodstream, they
see foreign cells specialized to degradation by enzymes swallow grinder, a rather large white sphere, so
are the types of white blood cells. The most obvious function of phagocytic scavenger cells, literally
means simply eating and swallowing. everything he wanted to get rid of the body but they are not
swallowed almost everything; all germs, bacteria, viruses, fungi, foreign material, or even a thorn part of
sinking our hands, sewing thrown a lot of us contain the remaining yarn pieces, aging, degenerating or
function of the lost cells and, most importantly, have access to the uncontrolled growth rate was abnormal
in the way that cancer cells alienated from their bodies that will perform the phagocytosis function of
scavenger cells, move forward a portion of the cell membrane, extends, as a target takes into wraps and
blankets. Once this is done backwards, it contains melting acids and enzymes remained upend on this
target and no target only after you have inserted the extension of the scavenger cells can not escape from
the wrath of these corrosive enzymes.

Macrophages are bone marrow-derived cells, white blood cells which is one of monocytes in the blood,
new methods are in fact formed after passing the blood to the tissue. There are various specific names
vary according to tissue cells, nicknamed the scavenger cells, such as Kupffer cells in the liver, they take
the name of microglia in the brain. Main functions so we define phagocytosis, taking into foreign agents,
enzymes will be grinding with a melter. Sometimes this foreign matter is sometimes a germ cell cancer.
These cells are activated by various stimuli is increased and the size of the cells when they are activated
and both melting impurities lysosomal contents for their internal and more active, become more
destructive.

These cells exhibit selective toxic effects against cancer cells and tumors, they use it to kill germs but also
by similar mechanisms and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor) by secreting a substance called tumor can
kill destructive. This cytokine called TNF, where in addition to many other effects I do not want to
overwhelm you with the details, there are many different melting effect for tumor cells. Also many
destructive enzyme release and tissue damage from activated macrophages This is what we call the
angiogenesis name provide new vessel formation and fibrosis called the activation of repair mechanisms,
these are mechanisms which have significant effects on the repair in the tumor tissue. Here I am in this
article, foods that increase would activate these scavenger cells, I tried to place the spices and herbs, of
course, by providing scientific data. These scavenger cells of many herbal medicines that help treat cancer
by activating available. Even some fruits, vegetables and spices activity of these cells even stepping a
little.

Our Warrior Soldier; White Blood Cells Are Cytotoxic T

Previously, only foreign tissue in our bodies and in the fight against tumor cells of these organs are also
believed to be responsible for refusing appeared to be very important tasks. Toxic to cells, cytotoxic word
that literally means killer cells. This killed the cancer cells, including those cells! T cells in our bodies are
eligible for a special kind of white blood cells, which are activated when they are activated when
stimulated and the ability to kill cells-that we are calling them - sensitized T cells. So, what are the target
cells mean? This particular our fighters at the beginning of target cells infected with the virus, so coming
into the virus enter cells. Viruses can only reproduce inside our cells to live, living, missing, they failed to
live alone, to live in us, so they need to destroy us, so most only smears from human to human. These
microorganisms are not observed, with many microscope types do not even die with antibiotics like little
germs and bacteria, so we will see, at the moment medicine treatment of many viruses helpless remain as
blind spot and unfortunately a scientific group can form cancer tissue enters from many viruses reality.
Our only defense is an indication of non-drug, these cells also just how important the fight against cancer
this soldier cells of our immune system and often against these microbes.

A virus, when it invaded any cells of any organ, cytotoxic T cells, they kill many complex sensing
mechanism to boggle the mind a divine way perceive they are infected with it, and the infected cell is
now becoming almost a bull's-eye for them and with virus cells. Therefore, these cells, in particular
preservatives against tumors associated with viruses, this was confirmed experimentally formed on
tumors. The most striking of the tumor due to the virus, a sexually transmitted virus male and female
genital tract tumors induced by HPV, which is also known that EBV virus kiss e induced lymphoid
cancers.

Non-virus microbes entering the cell, again becomes the target of these cells. Our cells infected by
intracellular bacteria and some parasites are killed in the same way again is targeted by cytotoxic T cells.
Data in scientific research in recent years, the role of the fight against cancer than previously thought that
these cells are thought to be much more. When a tumor occurs in any tissue of our body, these white
blood cells, the body's immune system cells, tumors invade the tissue, the tissue responses generated
against the tumor that and tumor pathology in-infiltrating lymphocytes that passes so the white blood cells
that invade the tumor. These cells turned out to be another cytotoxic T cells.

Natural Killer Cells (NK-Natural Killer Cells)

Defense is the first step in the fight against cancer, natural killer cells of the human body. These
specialized cells patrol the body with a good simulation scan almost every moment they detect and
destroy abnormal cells are. So that the cells multiply uncontrollably creating te masses would be the
beginning. To scan the entire body is so complex a job that millions of different types of receptors that
require specialized sensors to detect and NK cells have all of them in the recession low hard to mind. On
these cells them both activating both prints millions, opposing the stimulus and prints sensors come
together and thus not attack normal cells, so they must know all of the normal and abnormal cells and
diagnosis are also ... to fit the mind as complex and science even yet with spectacular arrangement can not
solve them all.

Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system, ie, from the beginning since they are with us, in
our body. However, the number of people of these cells, total white blood cell turnover rate and activities
within, from many factors, especially diet, even from a delightful laughter from a DUA which are in awe,
and even impressed even before LOVE, I'll tell you the part which relates to only feed you in this article.
Cancer cells, the sensor of natural killer cells, they caught on activating that, wrath to stop things means
that in this case of NK cells, and that's when the Great War begins. Cancer cells are empty they are
nevertheless are intelligent cell defending themselves somehow with the glorious mechanisms amazing,
so this in mind that they are smarter than their Divine Power, enraptured my head, I'm in love with these
wonderful cells behind the microscope, how the human cancer cells in love? Yeah, but that tiny cell,
giving the power to knock out a big body and mind actually falls in love with divine power.

When it detects that NK cells is abnormal in a cell poison extends like octopus arms containing vesicles
and venom within these vesicles will on the captured cells and the job is finished, end sensors located
activates another extension and to scan the surroundings begins again ... This process is healthy the
average is repeated ten thousand times the body of a human. When this system is obvious that stood out
free of cancerous cells. Every day, all of us throws a few steps from the road cancerous cells in the body,
but thankfully they stopped by these NK cells, ie body defense against cancer, the immune system sees
the business step by step.

This tiny smart cancer cells, our soldiers, our most powerful and ruthless cells, NK cells are developing
our defense against lethal force, even medical science has been able to solve only a few of the more this
defense mechanism. Here is one of them; Some of the cancer cell and unknown pretty with mysterious
mechanism, NK on the cell, I connect our normal cells, I'm not a stranger, do not kill me, meaning
inhibitory receptors that stimulates the barrier sensors kill, show themselves as fit to normal body cells, ie,
getting rid of the death trick NK cells. Fortunately, the cancer cell can not do it all.

The most distinctive feature of these cells is already programmed to destroy tumor cells without the need
to sensitization. Because NK cells are activated, which I mentioned a little while ago failed to stimulate T
cells, expression freed from the hands of the place if T cells are able to destroy many cancer cells. NK
cells and T cells, complementary mechanisms of the body against cancer.

NK cells, tumor cells and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in addition to be able to direct melt
effective against tumors with a mechanism we call the second. In this mechanism, the body produces
antibodies against tumor antigens and antibodies adhering tumor, tumor cell, this will make it a target for
natural killer cells (target cells); In this case there is only one option of the NK cells to kill the target
cancer cells. This gorgeous CANCER KILLER CELLS are many nutrients proven to activate the cell and
animal experiments, spices and herbs, and many of them had to, I tried to give this place with experiments
in this article.

How Tumors are Growing? Biology Of Tumor Growth

Changed and runaway anarchist of a tumor cell, what is the next story you swerve? A single cell out of
the way, when it reaches the size that we can see in our x-rays? How to grow washes how surrounding
tissue and invade, with protective connective tissue, such as surrounding membrane and thick capsule like
armor around the body spreads to distant organs through in how the vessel wall, I will tell this story to
you in these pages ...

Tumor Cell Kinetics

Tumor growth rate, means doubling time of the tumor cells from tumor to tumor grossly and shows many
variations. Tumor growth rate of benign and malignant pathology in the common name given to the
formation and malignant tumors as predicted, meaning the cancer cells from benign tumors much faster.
Leaving the road each cell, we see that we can become or radiological examinations can identify with so
many different times. A benign uterine myoma in 5 cm. reach a diameter of 10 years can be found, some
of the fastest-growing lung cancer or brain tumors, called Glioblastoma Multiforme tumors 5 cm a month.
or sometimes they may grow more. Summarizes this concept is called the GROWTH FRACTION.
Cell proliferation in the tumor tissue as well as the place and the resulting cell loss rate of tumor growth is
determined by the cell production exceeds cell destruction. High tumor growth in the fraction of cell loss
rate exceeded at very high production cell. This information not only have the theoretical importance, and
great importance in the treatment of tumor cell kinetics. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents currently
used to treat cancer, act on cells in the reproductive cycle of the cell cycle, we give the name of the effect.
For this reason, lymphoma and leukemia such as high growth fractional tumor cells are more sensitive to
the chemotherapeutic agents and therefore more successful in the cancer chemotherapy. Rather, stomach,
solid tumors, such as low growth fraction is relatively resistant to the treatment of colon and pancreatic
chemotherapy, chemotherapy so obtained success rate of lymphoma and leukemia, in this tumor can not
be captured at all times.

Tumor Blood Supply

Tumor growth, other factors that also affect the cell division rate is the most important tumor blood flow
that feeds them. If the tumor does not know how to create the structure of their vessels out of a single cell
on the road, no matter how high the growth rate of 1-2 mm. can not exceed the size. All that tumors create
their own blood vessels that step by step how to witness the complex biochemical cellular mechanism in
me has been the most excited about science pathology details. Indeed, the complex mechanisms of the
cells that emerged out of the way, despite all the body's systems to put against, builds almost like a
motorway incident to boggle the mind of ways to build their vessels. At the same time, the tumor cells
under the microscope lined with a magnificent order and regularity, harmony within itself over and over
again.

Well, every moment growing tumors, allows how his blood stream? Mediators that allows the formation
of new blood vessels that coordinates many events within different cells and forming conductors,
triggering many different mechanisms, they provide ultimately the formation of a new vascular tissue. We
have several of these mediators that we say to all of angiogenic factors vascular tissue manufacturers.
These factors sometimes tumor cells are sometimes secreted from the cells self-defense in response to
tumor tissue was swarmed. Best defined of these factors has been the most studied and scientifically FGF
(fibroblast growth factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). FGF, fibroblast name we give
the most important connective tissue stimulates production of cells that support the vessel wall, as well as
at the level of stem cells. VEGF allows the endothelial cells lining the inner surface of the vessel
construction. Of course the event is much more complex, the inner surface of vascular endothelial cells
and fibroblasts, cells that support does not end with the construction of the vessel wall; because, just like
the walls of these cells must be built that require fine cellular games really dizzy and a wonderful layout.
In addition, vascular factors to prevent the formation of new vascular factors increase, but they work
opposite a delicate balance in equilibrium with the air.

Vessel formation is good, not only allows faster tumor nutrition also prepared the ground for the tumor to
metastasize to distant tissues so the leap. P53 is also involved in the Genetic Pathology SENTINEL
nicknamed the brakes on the new vessel formation in these control mechanisms and cancer tissue. a
mediator controls the braking construction thrombospondin. They made this new microvessels within the
tumor, the patient's clinical course is also important, for example, intratumoral microvessel density in
breast cancer is an important pathologic prognostic factors allowing us to comment on the patient's
progress.

Growing of Tumor
Both the good times as well as the majority of malignant tumors begin to take a more aggressive stance,
even this is not always directly proportional to tumor size. Tumors inside the device does not continue as
it was first started, mutations in the tumor cells over time (genetic variation points) is built up and this
causes heterogeneity in tumor structure. As a result, when we examine whether sampling from such a
tumor under the microscope, we see that the same microscopic structure of each point of the tumor.
Therefore, the problem may even biopsy sampling of tissue specimens by the surgeon, the cells appear
more benign form under the microscope in an area I can Dehumanization a millimeter away from this
situation may even lead to diagnostic error. This heterogeneity, diversity is much more than its
appearance under the microscope carries more significance in the patient's clinical course. Status and
trends parallel to the view that changes in the patient's tumor also varies. Sometimes lead to a lot of
confusion in the pathology of this condition. I want to share my memories that I witnessed an interesting
working with you in the Pathology Department.

A tiny bottle of an elderly uncle had brought her department received a piece of lung cancer diagnosed
and we were in this tiny track. Uncle you put very annoyed and said he had the wrong diagnosis. Real
later revealed that this person, he has won taken part split in two, one of us, the other had taken part in the
pathology laboratory to another. If there was no cancer in the outgoing part. Of course, because it is
against our daughter a father could not even hitting his heart for his daughter, but his uncle was actually
complicate things while trying to test us ...

Spreading of Tumor
The tumor should be able to go to the source to get it touches the depths down to invade distant tissues
that region as well as the most valid evidence that it is both a malignant tumor. How cancer cells invade
tissue? Forming any tissue cells, accept the bricks of a wall, that he put together to make the knee wall
side by side brick stucco, does the same task with a texture that buried the cells forming the matrix name
we give connective tissue. This is the name that is in tissue pathology extracellular matrix-matrix between
cells. This matrix, collagen, glycoproteins and proteoglycans which we give the name of sugar-protein
compounds. A cancer cell, at various stages of growth that secrete enzymes that dissolve the matrix and
literally this barrier DEL PASS. Almost opened the way for the spread of the cancer, this is not actually
so simple, involves a combination of many complex functions, but you simply can be summarized as
follows:

First place; loosening of tumor cells that are separated from each other. Ekadher has called and acting as a
glue substance between cells and metastatic cancer cells power the loss of this Article, that increases the
capacity to spread to distant tissues. For example, the most cruel outlook melanomas decreased in skin
tumors that release of these substances if the release of tumor and how much it decreases melanoma
spreads so quickly and so much space.

The second step; tumor cell adhesion to one another are separated from connective tissue cells within the
matrix component and the third step; This structure is shredding. Intercellular shred matrix is not so easy,
of course, but they contain cancer cells, the enzyme can achieve it with a full and deep touch with the
destruction of the way they open and then migrate very far.

This last step is mobility, the fragmented matrix of the sea, the movement of tumor cells is almost
swimming. This is not actually a very passive process, intracellular signal transducers, such as autocrine
motility factor arising from cancer cells, they help with this migration. This is not theory, none of what I
told all of them, every step is illustrated and in tissue, either by chemical analysis are also required to
follow the event we can stage our eyes under the microscope, although not charming?

Crossing the Blood Circulation

Somehow managed to pass into the bloodstream, tumor cells, in the first place, they are destroyed by the
immune cells of our immune system. I mentioned this earlier. Some tumor cells form in the blood stream
embolism forming clots adhered platelets in the blood that is carried away with our clotting cells mixed
with cancer cells clot. Sometimes these clots cancer, occludes one of the blood vessels. Moreover, in an
interesting way, cancer cells are protected from the wrath of the immune system that can be stored in the
cells of our cancer fighters clot.
The free tumor cells as they adhere to the matrix from the same cells in the connective tissue in the vessel
wall stick, melting interests and they find themselves in what tissues when they do continue to
reproductive he settled in tissue extravasation by activating the enzyme. All of these have been evaluated
up to the finest details, though still there is no clear answer some of the questions, for example, cause
bone bounces before prostate cancer before lung cancer in the adrenal glands?

There are several reasons we can guess of course, but none unclear, adjacent to the lungs, adrenal glands,
together thin we have midriff with membrane only, so far everything makes sense, but why still can not
explain exactly jump to the tumor of the left adrenal gland in the right lung, besides lung cancer tumor
from spreading through the neighborhood group more blood path.

Metastasis Nightmare

Metastasis means that the right way to get away from the organ of origin of a cancer cell. Which cancer
cells metastasize by biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms that are still not entirely clear.
Rinse on most issues; genetic change. However, as I previously explained the details, to get up in the
cancer tissue is not a single step. Must gain the ability to adhere to certain tissue components needed to
melt the connective tissue, etc. need to be able to move etc. all of which they are coordinated with each
gene separately, distant metastasis can not be explained by a single genetic change. For example, breast,
liver, stomach and ovarian cancers were detected in the metastatic potential of lnm23 which is mostly
associated with a reduction in emissions of the gene, but it is still a closed box the role of this gene in the
metastasis process. According to that patient information accumulation of statistical data we are able to
more or less predict metastasis, which region before which types of cancer, such as lung are the most
adrenal glands, stomach and bowel cancer before liver, prostate cancer is also spreading to the bone, but
can also be situations beyond the expected always or in the words of a famous pathology; cancer does not
read books!

Cancer Carcinogenic Agents-What Makes Us Cancer?

According to the genetic basis of cancer formation damage or injury in order to be able to create a cancer
genetic factor. Can achieve this, our cells can be removed from the road and to carcinogenic substances
which can generate by changing our genes, we give the name carcinogen. There are roughly three groups
that can achieve the most comfortable; chemical carcinogens, radiation carcinogenesis and cancer-causing
viruses. Come on, let's consider them one by one in the next post.