Handover: About This Chapter

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem
BSS Feature Description 7 Handover
7 Handover
About This Chapter
7.1 Overview
This topic describes handover. Controlled by the network, handover is a basic function of the
mobile communications system. Handover ensures the continuity of mobile services.
7.2 Availability
This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of handover.
7.3 Technical Description
This describes the technical aspects of the Huawei handover algorithm. As a whole, the Huawei
handover algorithm is composed of handover preprocessing and handover decision.
7.4 Implementation
This describes how to configure the handover and the power boost before handover.
7.5 Maintenance Information
This lists the performance counters related to handover.
7.6 References
Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-1

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
7 Handover BSS Feature Description
7.1 Overview
This topic describes handover. Controlled by the network, handover is a basic function of the
mobile communications system. Handover ensures the continuity of mobile services.
Definition
Handover is a process in which a conversation can be sustained when an MS moves from one
cell to another in order to meet the requirement of network management.
Purposes
As a method of radio link control, handover enables an MS to keep an conversation sustainable
when the MS travels across different cells. In addition, handover can optimize the overall
performance of the system through the adjustment of traffic volume by means of parameters.
Terms
Terms Definition
Ping-pong Ping-pong handover occurs when an MS is switched back and forth between
handover two cells due to the changes in signal quality or the improper settings of the
parameters.
Co-site Neighbor cells under the same BTS.

neighbor
cells
Raileigh In radio propagation, signals inevitably suffer from short-period amplitude

fading changes. Raileigh fading relates to frequency. In other words, signal fading is
frequency-specific.
Chain Chain Neighbor Cell is a parameter of the neighbor cell relation property. During
Neighbor the fast movement handover, the MS can be handed over to only the neighbor
Cell cells of the serving cell. In addition, the neighbor cells and the serving cell must
be configured in chain mode. Generally, the two neighbor cells in the direction
of the fast movement of the MS are configured as chain neighbor cells. The
configurations depend on the actual conditions.
DTCB DTCB handover is a special method of determining the boundary between an

handover overlaid subcell and an underlaid subcell for the enhanced dual-band network.
The coverage area of the overlaid subcell is determined through the DTCB
threshold, the DTCB hysteresis, and the difference between the signal strength
of the serving cell and that of the neighbor cell.
7-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Terms Definition
Frequency When the transmit source of the radio wave is far from the receive party, the
offset wavelength is long and the frequency is low. When the transmit source is close
to the receive party, the wavelength is short and the frequency is high. The BTS
carrying the serving cell can calculate the frequency offset (indicated by Δf)
through the signals trasmitted by the moving MS. If the absolute value of Δf is
great, you can infer that the MS is moving fast. If Δf is a positive number, you
can infer that the MS is moving toward the BTS. If Δf is a negative number, you
can infer that the MS is moving away from the BTS.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms
and
Abbreviation
s Full Spelling
MS Mobile Station
BSC Base Station Controller
MR Measure report
BQ Bad Quality
TA Timing Advance
BSIC Base Station Identity Code
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
RQI Radio Quality Indication
7.2 Availability
This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of handover.
Network Elements Involved

Table 7-1 lists the network elements involved in handover.
Table 7-1 NEs involved in handover

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
√ √ √ √ – – – –

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

NOTE
l –: not involved
l √: involved
Software Releases
Table 7-2 describes the software versions of GBSS products that support handover.
Table 7-2 GBSS products and related versions
Product Version
BSC BSC6000 V900R003C01 and later

releases
BTS BTS3X All releases
BTS2X All releases
Double-transceiver BTS All releases
Miscellaneous
None.
7.3 Technical Description

This describes the technical aspects of the Huawei handover algorithm. As a whole, the Huawei
handover algorithm is composed of handover preprocessing and handover decision.
Handover Preprocessing
Handover preprocessing consists of the following contents:
l Handover preparation
l Handover penalty
l Neighbor cell sorting
l Network characteristic adjustment
l Forced handover processing
l Power boost before handover
Handover Decision
Handover decision is categorized into the following types.

l Fast movement handover (consisting of fast PBGT handover and frequency offset
handover): Good services can be provided when the speech quality deteriorates during the
fast movement of an MS.
l Emergency handover: A call can be kept sustainable when the radio environment severely
deteriorates.
l Load handover: The load of the system traffic can be shared so that the deterioration of
local counters is minimized.
l General handover: Good services can be provided when an MS is moving.
7.3.1 Handover Preprocessing

This describes the handover preprocessing. Based on the neighbor cell information and
configured parameters in the measurement report, the system performs handover preprocessing
and adjusts the priority of a neighbor cell.
7.3.2 Handover Decision Algorithm
This describes the handover decision algorithm. After measurement reports are preprocessed,
the handover decision procedure starts. According to the emergency condition of an MS on the
network and the handover decision algorithm, the BSC performs handover decision in the
following order: fast movement handover, emergency handover, load handover, and then general
handover.
7.3.1 Handover Preprocessing

This describes the handover preprocessing. Based on the neighbor cell information and
configured parameters in the measurement report, the system performs handover preprocessing
and adjusts the priority of a neighbor cell.
Handover Preparation
Neighbor cell information is decoded from the measurement report.
According to the BCCH frequencies and cell BSIC reported by an MS, the corresponding
neighbor cell index is detected. Then the uplink part and downlink part of the measurement
report is read.
l If measurement reports are issued continuously, they are directly interposed in the
measurement report queue.
l If measurement reports are issued discontinuously and the number of lost measurement
reports is smaller than the allowed number, measurement reports are interpolated before
being interposed in the measurement report queue.
l If measurement reports are issued discontinuously and the number of lost measurement
reports is greater than the allowed number, the previous measurement reports are discarded.
When new measurement reports arrive, calculation is performed again.
Filtering treatment is performed on measurement reports. Then a number of consecutive

measurement reports are obtained from the queue. The number depends on the data
configuration. Averaging treatment is performed on uplink/downlink RX level, uplink/downlink
RX quality, timing advance, neighbor cell level, and BTS power. The averaging treatment
minimizes the effect of abrupt changes in individual measurement report values on the result of
handover decision.
If consecutive measurement reports are insufficient, you can infer that filtering fails. Then
handover decision is not performed.

Fast Movement Handover Preparation

The fast movement handover preparation consists of the following:
l Frequency offset information is decoded from the measurement report.
The BSC reads the frequency offset information on the MS from the measurement report
delivered by the BTS.
l The α filtering treatment is performed on the measurement report.
Handover Penalty
The handover penalty is performed in the following cases: success of the fast movement
handover, success of the TA emergency handover, success of the BQ emergency handover,
success of the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell, success of the enhanced
concentric cell handover from an overlaid subcell to an underlaid subcell, and failure of the
enhanced concentric cell handover from an overlaid subcell to an underlaid subcell.
l After the fast movement handover, TA emergency handover, or BQ emergency handover
is successful, penalty is performed on the originating cell during the penalty period.
l After the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell is successful, penalty
is performed on all the neighbor micro cells.
l After the enhanced concentric cell handover from an overlaid subcell to an underlaid subcell
is successful, calls cannot be handed over from the underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell.
l After the handover fails, penalty is performed on the target cell during the penalty period.
The penalty time and penalty level of the previous handovers can be configured.
Neighbor Cell Sorting

The serving cell and all the neighbor cells are sorted according to the level. Then, a list of
candidate cells is obtained on the basis of level.
l Determine whether the downlink RX level of a neighbor cell is greater than the minimum
RX level. At the same time, the uplink/downlink balancing offset is taken into
consideration. Only the cell whose level is greater than the minimum RX level can be
enlisted in the list of candidate cells. In other words, only the cell that meets the following
formula (RxLev > MS RxMIN + MAX (0,Pa)) can be enlisted in the list of candidate cells.
Where, Pa = MS TXPWR MAX – P.
– RxLev indicates the downlink RX level of the cell.
– MS Rx MIN indicates the minimum downlink RX level that is required for the cell.
– MS TXPWR MAX indicates the maximum MS TX power allowed by the BSS.
– P indicates the maximum TX power of an MS.
l Calculate the difference between the downlink RX level of the neighbor cells and the
downlink RX level of the serving cell. Based on the difference, sort the neighbor cells in
descending order.
Network Characteristic Adjustment

Network characteristic adjustment is a process in which the position of each cell is determined
in the queue of candidate cells based on the related network information. Network characteristic
adjustment provides the final list of candidate cells for handover decision.

After the network characteristic adjustment, the candidate cells (consisting of neighbor cells and
serving cell) are sorted in ascending order by priority. Then the handover decision procedure
starts.
Power Boost Before Handover

In some scenarios, for example, the user is in a corner, the level may drop fast. In this case,
trigger is probably triggered. According to the power control algorithm, however, the power of
the MS and BTS may not be adjusted in time. Thus, the MS cannot receive the handover
command and call drops occur.
Before the handover command is sent to the MS, the transmit power of the BTS is adjusted to
the maximum. In addition, the BTS power control function is disabled during the handover. In
other words, if the transmit power of the BTS is set to the maximum value during the handover,
the possibility of handover success is maximized.
The power boost before handover is controlled through the setting of the Handover Power
Boost Switch parameter.
7.3.2 Handover Decision Algorithm

This describes the handover decision algorithm. After measurement reports are preprocessed,
the handover decision procedure starts. According to the emergency condition of an MS on the
network and the handover decision algorithm, the BSC performs handover decision in the
following order: fast movement handover, emergency handover, load handover, and then general
handover.
7.3.2.1 Fast Movement Handover

This describes fast movement handover. The handover aims to increase the handover success
rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate.
7.3.2.2 TA Handover
This describes TA handover, which is a kind of emergency handover. TA handover decision is
performed according to the TA value reported by an MS.
7.3.2.3 BQ Handover
This describes BQ handover, which is a kind of emergency handover. BQ handover decision is
performed according to the uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
7.3.2.4 Rapid Level Drop Handover
This describes rapid level drop handover, which is a kind of emergency handover.
7.3.2.5 Interference Handover
This describes interference handover, which is a kind of emergency handover.
7.3.2.6 No Downlink Measurement Report Handover
This describes no downlink measurement report handover. The handover is generally caused by
poor radio environment on the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm
cannot be met, so other handover algorithms cannot be triggered. Then no downlink
measurement report handover performs handover decision based on the uplink quality to keep
a call sustainable and to minimize the possibility of call drops.
7.3.2.7 Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover
This describes enhance dual-band network handover, which is a handover decision based on the
traffic volume of the overlaid and underlaid subcells and on the level quality.
7.3.2.8 Load Handover

This describes load handover. On the network, some cells have heavy loads, but the overlapped
upper-layer cells and the neighbor cells have light loads. To balance the loads of these cells, load
handover is required.
7.3.2.9 Edge Handover
This describes edge handover. Based on level, edge handover is a kind of general handover.
7.3.2.10 Fast Movement Handover from a Micro Cell to a Macro Cell
This describes the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell. The fast movement
handover is performed according to the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers
can be minimized.
7.3.2.11 Inter-Layer (Better Cell) Handover
This describes inter-layer (better cell) handover. To balance the traffic volume flexibly and to
meet the requirements of different topology modes, the GSM network is divided into several
layers. If inter-layer handover is used, the cells with lower layer level and lower hierarchy level
are possibly enabled to absorb traffic. If the layer level or hierarchy level is low, the value of
the layer level or hierarchy level is great.
7.3.2.12 PBGT Handover
This describes power budget (PBGT) handover, which is based on path loss.
7.3.2.13 Other Handovers
This describes other handovers, which consist of AMR handover and better 3G cell handover.
Fast Movement Handover

This describes fast movement handover. The handover aims to increase the handover success
rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate.
Fast movement handover consists of frequency offset handover and fast PBGT handover.
l Frequency offset handover
According to the frequency offset information reported by an MS moving at a high speed,
whether the MS is far from the serving cell is determined. Frequency offset handover
decision is performed according to the uplink/downlink level of the serving cell and the
path loss of the neighbor cell.
l Fast PBGT handover
Fast PBGT handover decision is performed according to the path loss of the neighbor cell.
For fast movement handover, the handover response speed is enhanced through the following
ways:
l Accurately calculating the moving speed of the MS
l Derestricting the interval between handover precisions
l Reducing the number of measurement reports for the handover decision
l Introducing the α filtering
Fast movement handover applies to the urban backbone roads, selected routes, and high-speed
railroads.
Triggering Conditions
Whether the conditions of frequency offset handover are met is determined during handover
decision. When the BTS cannot report the frequency offset information or the reported frequency

offset information is invalid, fast PBGT handover is triggered if the other conditions of frequency
offset handover are met.
The triggering conditions of fast movement handover are as follows:
l The MS is far from the serving cell (the frequency offset in the measurement result message
is a negative value) and the moving speed of the MS is higher than Quick Move Speed
Thres.
l The uplink level of the serving cell after filtering is lower than Quick Handover Up
Trigger Level.
l The downlink level of the serving cell after compensation is lower than Quick Handover
Down Trigger Level.
l The path loss of the configured chain neighbor cell is smaller than a certain threshold of
the path loss of the serving cell. In other words, PBGT(n) is equal to or greater than 0.
The triggering decisions of fast movement handover are as follows:
l If the last three conditions are met, the decision is performed as follows:
– If the first condition is met, a frequency offset handover is performed.
– If the first condition is not met, a fast PBGT handover is performed.
l If not all the last three conditions are met, fast movement handover is not triggered.
Target Cell Selection

The target cell must be a chain neighbor cell of the serving cell. The target cell can be obtained
through the setting of Chain Neighbor Cell.
Limitations
The limitations on fast movement handover are as follows:
l The target cell cannot serve as the serving cell.
l The candidate cells for fast movement handover must be chain neighbor cells of the serving
cell. Each cell can be configured with a maximum of three chain neighbor cells.
l After fast movement handover is successful, penalty is performed on the originating cell
during the penalty time to prevent an immediate switchback to the cell. The penalty time
and penalty value depend on Quick Handover Punish Time and Quick Handover Punish
Value respectively.
TA Handover
This describes TA handover, which is a kind of emergency handover. TA handover decision is
performed according to the TA value reported by an MS.
The TA value of an ordinary cell ranges from 0 to 63. The TA value of the underlaid subcell in
a double-timeslot cell ranges from 0 to 229. The step of each bit is 553.5 m. If the TA value is
set to 63, you can infer that the distance is 35 km.
Triggering Condition
The triggering condition of TA handover is as follows: TA value reported by the MS through
measurement reports > TA Threshold. Where, the TA value is obtained after filtering treatment
and the length of the filter is controlled through parameters.


A target cell should be a cell with the highest priority among the sorted candidate cells. In
addition, the target cell should meet the following limitations.
Limitations
The limitations on TA handover are as follows:
l The target cell cannot serve as the serving cell.

l If the TA Threshold of a co-site neighbor cell < the TA Threshold of the serving cell, a
handover to the cell is forbidden.
l After the TA handover is successful, penalty is performed on the originating cell. During
the penalty, the penalty level is subtracted from the level of the originating cell to prevent
an immediate handover back to the originating cell. The penalty time and penalty level are
configured through parameters.
From the perspective of the triggering condition for TA handover, TA can be regarded as a
criterion for limiting the size of a cell.
BQ Handover
This describes BQ handover, which is a kind of emergency handover. BQ handover decision is
performed according to the uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
The RX quality is measured in bit error ratio (BER). The BSC measures the quality of a radio
link based on the quality class in the measurement report. The probable reason for an increase
in BER is that the signal power is too low or the channel interference becomes great.
BQ handover is triggered if either of the following conditions are met:
l The uplink RX quality is equal to or greater than the uplink RX quality threshold of the
serving cell, where the uplink RX quality is obtained after filtering treatment and the length
of the filter is controlled through parameters.
l The downlink RX quality is equal to or greater than the downlink RX quality threshold of
the serving cell, where the downlink RX quality is obtained after filtering treatment and
the length of the filter is controlled through parameters. Ensure that the MS can sustain
appropriate communication quality.

A target cell should be the cell with the highest priority among the queue of sorted candidate
cells after the preprocessing procedure. In addition, the target cell should meet the following
limitations.
Limitations
The limitations on BQ handover are as follows:

l If neighbor cells are available, the MS is handed over to the neighbor cell with the highest
priority. If neighbor cells are unavailable, the MS is handed over to a serving cell. The
serving cell of a different TRX is preferred.
l After BQ handover is successful, penalty is performed on the originating cell. During the
penalty, the penalty level is subtracted from the level of the originating cell to prevent an
immediate handover back to the originating cell. The penalty time and penalty level are
configured through parameters.
Rapid Level Drop Handover

This describes rapid level drop handover, which is a kind of emergency handover.
If the mean value filtering and P/N decision methods are used in edge handover and PBGT
handover, responses to short-period rapid level drop are insensitive. Therefore, targeting the
rapid level drop, you can perform finite impact response (FIR) filtering on the original RX level
signals. This filtering method is responsive to the rapid level drop based on the drop slope of
the original RX level signals.

Among the sorted candidate cells after the preprocessing procedures, the target cell has the
highest priority.
Limitations
The limitations on rapid level drop handover are as follows:
l The target cell has a higher priority than the serving cell.
l The MS cannot be handed over to the serving cell.
Interference Handover
This describes interference handover, which is a kind of emergency handover.
When the RX level of the serving cell is good, the network initiates interference handover for
the MS to maintain proper communication quality if the RX quality deteriorates. The difference
between interference handover and BQ handover is that the deterioration of RX quality in
interference handover does not affect conversations and that the RX level is good.
If interference handover is triggered, the quality of the channel that is seized by the serving cell
is slightly affected. Conversations, however, can be maintained. At the same time, the RX level
of the serving cell is good and other channels in the serving cell may be affected slightly.
Therefore, performing intra-cell handover can be considered.
Uplink RX quality after filtering treatment ≥ Uplink RX quality threshold of the serving cell,
and Uplink RX level after filtering treatment ≥ Uplink RX level threshold of the serving cell
Downlink RX quality after filtering treatment ≥ Downlink RX quality threshold of the serving
cell, and Downlink RX level after filtering treatment ≥ Downlink RX level threshold of the
serving cell

The quality threshold (Qual_Thr) and level threshold (Lev_Thr) determine whether interference
handover is triggered. If RxLev > Lev_Thr and RxQual > Qual_Thr, interference handover is
triggered. Figure 7-1 shows the interference handover.
Figure 7-1 Interference handover
Rx_Qual
(dtqu)
Qual_Thr
0 Lev_Thr Rx_Lev
NOTE
The blue rectangle highlighted in oblique lines shown in Figure 7-1 indicates the area where interference
handover is triggered.

A target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In addition, a target cell
should meet the following conditions:
l When the serving cell is beyond the intra-cell handover penalty, it can serve as a target cell.
l If the filtered level of a neighbor cell is greater than the Inter-layer HO Threshold of the
neighbor cell, the neighbor cell can serve as a target cell.
No Downlink Measurement Report Handover

This describes no downlink measurement report handover. The handover is generally caused by
poor radio environment on the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm
cannot be met, so other handover algorithms cannot be triggered. Then no downlink
measurement report handover performs handover decision based on the uplink quality to keep
a call sustainable and to minimize the possibility of call drops.
The triggering conditions of no downlink measurement report handover are as follows:
l The measurement report of the call once had downlink part.

l The measurement report of the call does not have downlink part currently.
l The value of the uplink quality after filtering treatment is smaller than the uplink quality
threshold of no downlink measurement report handover.

l The number of successive measurement reports without downlink part is smaller than the
threshold of the allowed no downlink measurement reports.

l The sorted neighbor cells recorded in the last complete measurement report are saves as
candidate cells.
l The MS is preferably handed over to a neighbor cell.
l If there is no neighbor cell, the MS is handed over to the serving cell.
Limitations
The limitations on no downlink measurement report handover are as follows:
l The measurement report of the call once had downlink part.
l The number of successive measurement reports without downlink part does not exceed the
limitation.
Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover

This describes enhance dual-band network handover, which is a handover decision based on the
traffic volume of the overlaid and underlaid subcells and on the level quality.
Enhanced dual-band network handover is classified into the following:
l Handover due to high underlaid subcell load
l Handover due to low underlaid subcell load
l Call movement handover in the overlaid subcell
The triggering conditions of the handover due to high underlaid subcell load are as follows:
l The load of the underlaid subcell in the cell is higher than En Iuo Out Cell General
OverLoad Thred.
l The load of the overlaid subcell in the cell is lower than En Iuo Out Cell Serious OverLoad
Thred.
l The system flow is not higher than Allow Inn Out Cell HO System Flow Level.
l The current call is within the handover margin that allows handover.
The triggering conditions of the handover due to low underlaid subcell load are as follows:
l The load of the underlaid subcell in the cell is lower than En Iuo Out Cell Low Load
Thred.
l The system flow is not higher than Allow Inn Out Cell HO System Flow Level.
l The current call is within the handover margin that allows handover.
The triggering conditions of the call movement handover in the overlaid subcell are as follows:
NOTE
The call movement handover in the overlaid subcell is triggered if either of the following conditions is met.

l SS(u) < Thdouter

l SS(u) – SS(n) < DTCB_THRD – DTCB_HYST
– Thdouter: indicates HO Out Inn Cell Rexlev Thred.
– SS(u): indicates the downlink level (power compensation is performed on the downlink
level based on measurement) of the underlaid subcell where the call is originated. If the
SS(u) value cannot be obtained, you can infer that the decision of enhanced dual-band
network handover is not performed and the decision condition is met by default.
– SS(n): The optimum neighbor cell is a cell, the measured value of whose BCCH level
is the greatest, among the neighbor cells. The optimum neighbor cell is on the same
frequency band, layer, and level with the underlaid subcell. The cell, however, is not
co-sited with the underlaid subcell. SS(n) is the value of such a cell. If such a cell is
unavailable, the value of SS(n) is –110 dBm.
– DTCB_THRD: indicates the distance between the boundary of the overlaid subcell and
that of the underlaid subcell. DTCB_THRD is a relative threshold. DTCB_THRD
indicates the size of the blank zone between the overlaid subcell and the underlaid
subcell. If the value of DTCB_THRD is great, the black zone between is large.
– DTCB_HYST: indicates the boundary protection hysteresis of the overlaid and
underlaid subcells to prevent ping-pong handover.
NOTE
l For the DTCB handover algorithm, the boundaries of the overlaid and underlaid subcells are determined
according to the relative value between the signal strength of serving cell and that of the neighbor cell.
When SS(s) = SS(n), the system considers that it is the boundary point of the underlaid subcell. When
SS(s) - SS(n) > DTCB_THRD, it is the coverage area of the overlaid subcell. The coverage area of the
overlaid subcell is determined according to the different networking and coverage conditions of the
existing network. In addition, the overlaid subcell of the serving cell and the overlaid of the neighbor
cell will never overlap no matter how the distance between the BTSs changes.
l The handover zone indicates the level range. In the case of overlaid/underlaid load handover on the
enhanced dual-band network, the handover is performed level by level and the MS whose downlink
level is within the handover zone is handed over.

The target cell selection has the following restrictions:
l For the handover due to high underlaid subcell load, the MS can be handed over to only
the overlaid subcell.
l For the handover due to low underlaid subcell load, the MS can be handed over to only the
underlaid subcell.
l For the call movement handover in the overlaid subcell, the MS is handed over to the
neighbor cell that ranks first among the neighbor cells. The MS cannot be handed over to
the cell that ranks behind the serving cell. The target cell is generally the underlaid subcell.
It can also be other neighbor cells.
Limitations
The limitations on the handover due to high underlaid subcell load are as follows:
l The cell where the call is located is on the enhanced dual-band network. The
HW_Concentric Attribute is set to Underlay cell.
l The Out Cell Load HO To Inn Cell Enable parameter is set.

l The maximum range of the handover zone is (63-HO Into Inn Cell Rexlev Thred). The
handover starts from the high level.
The limitations on the handover due to low underlaid subcell load are as follows:
HW_Concentric Attribute is set to Overlay cell.
l The Inn Cell Load HO To Out Cell Enable parameter is set.
l The maximum range of the handover zone is (63-HO Out Inn Cell Rexlev Thred). The
handover starts from the low level.
The limitations on call movement handover in the overlaid subcell are as follows:
HW_Concentric Attribute is set to Overlay cell.
Effect of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing Algorithm

The effect of the enhanced dual-band network handover on the existing algorithm is as follows:
l On the enhanced dual-band network, to prevent the common load handover from colliding
with the handover between OL subcell and UL subcell on the network, for the common
load handover of the cells on the network, the MS cannot be handed over to the cell in the
same group when the load handover switch between the overlaid subcell and the underlaid
subcell on the network is enabled.
l Because the PBGT handover algorithm may cause inter-cell handover, the MS cannot be
handed over the cell in the same group in the case of PBGT handover between the cells on
the enhanced dual-band network.
Load Handover
This describes load handover. On the network, some cells have heavy loads, but the overlapped
upper-layer cells and the neighbor cells have light loads. To balance the loads of these cells, load
handover is required.
In a load handover procedure, some loads in heavy-load cells are handed over to light-load cells.
In addition, the loads in neighbor cells should not be handed over to heavy-load cells.
Load handover can be performed in cells at different layers. Load sharing, however, can be
performed in only one BSC. Figure 7-2 shows the load handover.
Figure 7-2 Load handover
A cell with
a heavy load
A cell with A cell with
a light load a light load
A cell with
a heavy load
A cell with A cell with
a light load a heavy load
A cell with
a light load

To perform load sharing, increase the edge handover threshold so that the traffic on the edge of
a cell is handed over to a neighbor cell with light load.
The traffic load of a cell can be determined through the ratio of the traffic flow (generally TCH
usage) of the cell to the preset threshold. If the traffic flow of a cell is greater than the Load HO
Threshold, you can infer that the traffic load of this cell is heavy. The load handover algorithm
needs to be enabled. If the traffic flow of a cell is smaller than the Load Req. on Candidate
Cell, you can infer that the traffic load of this cell is light and the cell can receive loads from the
heavy-load cells.
Load handover may trigger many handovers, so you should consider the load of the system CPU
before triggering load handover. In other words, you should consider the system traffic level
before triggering load handover. In addition, to prevent too many MSs from being handed over
at a time, load handover is performed step by step. In other words, the edge handover threshold
increases based on CLS_Ramp and CLS_Period. The increase stops until the increased volume
equals CLS_Offset, as shown in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 Load handover

Load handover band Border of normal handover
Cell A Cell B
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Offset CONF_HO_RXLEV
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Ramp
The triggering conditions of load handover are as follows:
l The signaling traffic of the system is smaller than the System Flux Threshold for Load
HO.
l The load of the cell where the to-be-handed-over MS is located is greater than the Load
HO Threshold.
l The load of the cell that receives the handover is smaller than the Load Req. on Candidate
Cell so that ping-pong handover can be avoided.
Choice of a Target Cell

l RX level > Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
l The target cell is ranked ahead but it cannot be ranked ahead of the serving cell.
The system assigns MSs to different load handover bands based on the downlink RX level. The
load handover algorithm performs handover on the cell so that the MS is handed over out of the
cell step by step.
For example, the MSs in load handover band 1 are handed over to the neighbor cells first. After
the period of one load handover step, the MSs in load handover band 2 are handed over to the

neighbor cells until the traffic flow of the cell is equal to or smaller than the cell load handover
threshold. Load handover band 1 refers to the area where the downlink level ranges from Edge
HO DL RX_LEV Threshold to Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold + step level. Load
handover band 2 refers to the area where the downlink level ranges from Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold to Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold + (2 x step level).
Load handover uses the step-by-step outgoing handover mode so that the possibility of a sharp
increase in CPU load is eliminated and the occurrence of call drops due to congested target cell
is avoided. The handover procedure can be controlled through parameters.
Edge Handover
This describes edge handover. Based on level, edge handover is a kind of general handover.
If edge handover is triggered, the level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis value
(Inter-cell HO Hysteresis) higher than the level of the serving cell.
If the downlink RX level of the serving cell after filtering treatment is smaller than the Edge
HO DL RX_LEV Threshold for P seconds within successive N seconds (P/N criterion), edge
handover is triggered. Figure 7-4 shows the edge handover.
Figure 7-4 Edge handover
Cell 1 Cell 2
-97 dBm -85 dBm
Choice of a Target Cell

The serving cell cannot serve as the target cell.
Among the sorted candidate cells after the preprocessing procedures, the target cell has the
highest priority.
Limitations
The limitations on edge handover are as follows:
l The MS cannot be handed over to the serving cell.
l After the sorting, the target cell must have a higher priority than the serving cell.
Fast Movement Handover from a Micro Cell to a Macro Cell

This describes the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell. The fast movement
handover is performed according to the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers
can be minimized.

The fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell applies to the following scenarios:
l In comparison with a micro cell, an MS in the cell moves fast. Then, the MS is handed over
to a macro cell.
l To prevent a fast-moving MS in a macro cell from entering a micro cell, time penalty is
performed on the micro cell so that the MS camps on the macro cell.
Figure 7-5 shows the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell.
Figure 7-5 Fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell
Umbrella cell
Micro cell
Within the observation period (T) of fast movement, an MS travels across Q cells out of P cells
through handover. Where, T, P, and Q are configured through parameters. The number of the
layer where the Q cells are located must be smaller than four. In other words, the Q cells must
be non-Umbrella cells.
l P indicates the number of observed cells for fast movement.

l Q indicates the number of valid cells for fast movement.

A target cell should meet the following conditions:
l The number of the layer where a target cell is located must be equal to or greater than four.
In other words, a target cell must be an Umbrella cell.
l The RX level of a target cell is equal to or greater than the sum of the Inter-layer HO
Threshold of the cell and the Inter-layer HO Hysteresis of the cell. A good level condition
is met.
l The neighbor cell with the highest priority after the sorting should be preprocessed.
Limitations
After the fast movement handover from a micro cell to a macro cell is successful, penalty is
performed on all the neighbor cells. During the penalty, penalty level is subtracted from the level
of all the neighbor cells. The penalty time and penalty level are configured through parameters.

Cell Layer and Cell Hierarchy

Through the multiband handover algorithm developed by Huawei, a proper traffic volume
distribution can be realized among multiple frequency bands.
Huawei multiband handover algorithm divides cells into four layers with 16 hierarchies in each
layer. Thus, the cells are grouped by Cell Layer and are applicable for complex networking
modes. Figure 7-6 shows the cell layers.
Figure 7-6 Cell layer
GSM900
Umbrella Cell Layer 4
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900

Macro Cell Layer 3
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Micro Cell Layer 2
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Pico Cell Layer 1
In the multiband handover algorithm developed by Huawei, a GSM network covering a certain
area is divided into four layers, which are described as follows.
l Layer 4: Umbrella cell. The umbrella cell is generally a GSM900 cell with wide coverage.
This type of cell is used for coverage and fast MS connection.
l Layer 3: Macro cell. The macro cell is generally composed of GSM900 cells. This type of
cell is most commonly used in the current GSM system, serving the majority of users.
l Layer 2: Micro cell. The micro cell is generally composed of DCS1800 cells with small
coverage. This type of cell is used for capacity expansion, relieving the insufficiency of
frequency resources.
l Layer 1: Pico cell. The pico cell is generally composed of DCS1800 cells. This type of cell
is used in hot spots and blind spots.
The cell in the low layer has a high priority.
Inter-Layer (Better Cell) Handover

This describes inter-layer (better cell) handover. To balance the traffic volume flexibly and to
meet the requirements of different topology modes, the GSM network is divided into several
layers. If inter-layer handover is used, the cells with lower layer level and lower hierarchy level
are possibly enabled to absorb traffic. If the layer level or hierarchy level is low, the value of
the layer level or hierarchy level is great.

The triggering conditions of inter-layer handover are as follows:
l The layer level of the target cell is lower than the layer level of the serving cell. In other
words, the absolute value of the layer level for the target cell is greater than the absolute
value of the layer level for the serving cell.
l The downlink level of the target cell is greater than the Inter-layer HO Threshold.
l P/N criterion is met. In other words, within N seconds, the previous conditions are met for
P seconds.

l The triggering conditions are met.
l The serving cell cannot serve as the target cell.
l Among the sorted candidate cells after the preprocessing procedures, the target cell has the
highest priority.
Limitations
The limitations on inter-layer handover are as follows:
l The layer level of the target cell is lower than the layer level of the serving cell.
l The downlink level of the target cell is greater than the inter-layer handover threshold.
l P/N criterion is met.
PBGT Handover
This describes power budget (PBGT) handover, which is based on path loss.
In PBGT handover, the system performs real-time searches for a cell with less path loss and in
compliance with the system requirements. Then, the system determines whether a handover is
required. Compared with other handover algorithms, the greatest difference lies in that the PBGT
handover is triggered based on path loss instead of receiver level.
The triggering conditions of the PBGT handover are as follows:
l The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and in the same hierarchy.
l The downlink level meets the following formula:
(MIN(MS_TXPWR_MAX,P) – RXLEV_DL – PWR_DIFF) – (MIN(MS_TXPWR_MAX
(n),P) – RXLEV_NCELL(n)) > PBGT_HO_MARGIN
The parameters are described as follows:
– RXLEV_DL: It indicates the downlink receive level in the serving cell after the filtering
treatment. If the enhanced concentric cell function is enabled in the serving cell, the

value indicates the downlink receive level in the serving cell that serves as the neighbor
cell, that is, the downlink receive level of BCCH TRXs.
– MS_TXPWR_MAX: It indicates the maximum transmit power of an MS permitted in
the serving cell.
– MS_TXPWR_MAX (n): It indicates the maximum transmit power of an MS permitted
in neighbor cell n.
– RxLev_NCELL (n): It indicates the downlink receive level in neighbor cell n.
– PWR_DIFF: It indicates the difference between the maximum downlink transmit power
in the serving cell due to power control and the actual downlink transmit power in the
serving cell.
– P: It indicates the maximum transmit power capability of an MS.
– PBGT_HO_MARGIN: It is the difference between the PBGT handover threshold of
the serving cell and 64.
– The difference between the path loss of the downlink level in the serving cell and the
path loss of the downlink level in the neighbor cell is greater than the threshold.
l P/N criterion is met. In other words, within N seconds, the previous conditions are met for
P seconds.

l The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and in the same hierarchy.
l Among the sorted candidate cells after the preprocessing procedures, the target cell has the
highest priority.
Limitations
The limitations on the PBGT handover are as follows:
l An SDCCH handover is forbidden.
l The target cell and the serving cell must be at the same layer and in the same hierarchy.
Other Handovers
This describes other handovers, which consist of AMR handover and better 3G cell handover.
AMR Handover
Refer to 11 AMR.
Better 3G cell handover

Refer to 8 2G/3G Interoperability.

7.4 Implementation
This describes how to configure the handover and the power boost before handover.
7.4.1 Configuring the Handover

Configure handover through the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
7.4.2 Configuring Power Boost Before Handover
This describes how to configure power boost before handover on the BSC6000 Local
Maintenance Terminal.
7.4.1 Configuring the Handover

Configure handover through the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
Context
Before configuring the parameters related to the handover decision algorithm, you need to
configure the relation between neighbor cells.
On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click a cell on the Management Tree
tab page. Then, choose Set Adjacent Relation Property on the shortcut menu. A dialog box is
displayed, as shown in Figure 7-7.
Figure 7-7 Data configuration in a neighbor cell

Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click a cell on the Management Tree
tab page. Then, choose Configure Cell Attributes on the shortcut menu, as shown in Figure
7-8.
Figure 7-8 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box (1)
Step 2 Double-click the target cell in the Cell view list box to add it to the Selected cells list box.
Step 3 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-9.

Figure 7-9 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box (2)
Step 4 In the Cells to be set area, select the target cell, and then click Set Cell Properties. A dialog
box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-10.

Figure 7-10 Set Cell Attributes tab page
Step 5 Click Handover Data. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-11.

Figure 7-11 Browse Handover Parameter[Cell: Cell1] dialog box
Step 6 Click Advanced. A dialog box is displayed. You can set corresponding parameters, as shown
in Figure 7-12.

Figure 7-12 Set Handover Parameter[Cell: Cell1] dialog box
l Measurement report preprocessing

Preprocessing of a measurement report consists of interpolation and filtering. Figure 7-13
shows the parameter configuration.
Figure 7-13 Filter/Penalty Data tab page
The parameters are as follows:

– Allowed MR Number Lost
– Filter Length for TCH Level
– Filter Length for TCH Qual

– Filter Length for SDCCH Level

– Filter Length for SDCCH Qual
– Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV
– Filter Length for TA
l Handover Penalty
The handover penalty consists of handover failure penalty, BQ handover penalty, TA
handover penalty, fast movement handover penalty, penalty of fast movement handover from
a micro cell to a macro cell, and concentric cell handover penalty. Figure 7-13 and Figure
7-12 show the parameter configuration.
– Penalty Allowed
– Penalty Level after HO Fail
– Penalty Time after HO Fail(s)
– Penalty Level after BQ HO
– Penalty Time after BQ HO (s)
– Penalty Level after TA HO
– Penalty Time after TA HO(s)
– Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fails(s)
l Neighbor cell queuing
The neighbor cell queuing consists of basic cell queuing and adjustment based on network
characteristics. Figure 7-12, Figure 7-7, and Figure 7-14 show the parameter configuration.
Figure 7-14 Cell HO Data tab page

– Min DL Level on Candidate Cell

– Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis

– Layer of the Cell
– Cell Priority
– Load HO Threshold
– Load Req. on Candidate Cell
– Inter-layer HO Threshold
– Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
l TA Handover
Figure 7-15 shows the configuration of TA handover parameters.
Figure 7-15 Emergency HO Data tab page

TA Threshold
l BQ Handover
Figure 7-15 shows the configuration of BQ handover parameters.
DL Qual. Threshold
l Rapid level drop handover
Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-15 show the configuration of rapid level drop handover
parameters.
– Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed
– Filter Parameter A1–A8
– Filter Parameter B
l Interference handover

Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-15 show the configuration of interference handover parameters.
– Interference HO Allowed
– UL Qual. Threshold for Interf HO
– DL Qual. Threshold for Interf HO
– UL RX_LEV Threshold for Interf HO
– DL RX_LEV Threshold for Interf HO
l No Downlink Measurement Report Handover
Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-15 show the configuration of no downlink measurement report
handover parameters.
– No Dl Mr. HO Allowed
– No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit
– Cons. No Dl Mr. HO Allowed Limit
l Load Handover
Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-14 show the configuration of load handover parameters.
– Load HO Allowed
– System Flux Threshold for Load HO
– Load HO Threshold
– Load Req. on Candidate Cell
– Load HO Bandwidth
– Load HO Step Period
– Load HO Step Level
l Edge Handover
Figure 7-11 shows the configuration of edge handover parameters.
– Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
– Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
– Edge HO Watch Time(s)
– Edge HO Valid Time(s)
l Fast Movement Handover from a Micro Cell to a Macro Cell
Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-14 show the configurations of the parameters of the fast movement
handover from a micro cell to a macro cell.
– MS Fast Moving HO Allowed
– MS Fast-moving Watch Cells
– MS Fast-moving Valid Cells
– MS Fast-moving Time Threshold

l Inter-layer handover
Figure 7-7 and Figure 7-14 show the configuration of inter-layer handover parameters. The
parameters in the previous dialog boxes are listed in Neighbor cell queuing.
l PBGT Handover
Figure 7-11 shows the configuration of PBGT handover parameters.
– PBGT HO Allowed
– PBGT Watch Time(s)
– PBGT Valid Time(s)
l Fast Movement Handover
Figure 7-16 shows the configuration of fast movement handover parameters.
– Quick Handover Enable
– Quick Handover Up Triger Level
– Quick Handover Down Triger Level
– Quick Move Speed Thres
– Quick Handover Static Time
– Quick Handover Last Time
– Serving Cell Filter Length
– Neighbor Cell Filter Length
– Quick Handover Punish Time
– Ignore Measurement Report Number
– Quick Handover Offset
– Quick Handover Punish Value
– Chain Neighbor Cell
NOTE
For the setting of Chain Neighbor Cell, refer to Figure 7-7.

Figure 7-16 Emergency HO Data tab page
l AMR Handover
Refer to 11 AMR.
l Better 3G cell handover
Refer to 8 2G/3G Interoperability.
l Data configuration in a neighbor cell
Figure 7-7 shows the data configuration in a neighbor cell.
– Min Access Level Offset
– PBGT HO Threshold
----End
7.4.2 Configuring Power Boost Before Handover

This describes how to configure power boost before handover on the BSC6000 Local
Maintenance Terminal.
Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click a cell on the Management Tree
tab page. Then, choose Configure Cell Attributes on the shortcut menu, as shown in Figure
7-17.

Figure 7-17 Selecting a cell
Step 2 Double-click the target cell in the Cell view list box to add it to the Selected cells list box.
Step 3 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-18.
Figure 7-18 Configuring Cell Attributes dialog box
Step 4 In the Cells to be set area, select the target cell, and then click Set Cell Properties. A dialog
box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-19.

Figure 7-19 Setting cell attributes
Step 5 Click Other Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-20.
Set Handover Power Boost Switch.

Figure 7-20 Setting cell attributes
Step 6 Click OK. The configuration is complete.
----End
7.5 Maintenance Information

This lists the performance counters related to handover.
Alarms
None
Counters
Table 7-3 lists the counters related to handover.

Table 7-3 Counters related to handover
Counter Description
H3000 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH)
H3009 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (TCH)
H3010 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands

(SDCCH)

(TCHF)

(TCHH)
H3020 Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (SDCCH)
H3029 Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (TCH)
H3020A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Channel

Unavailable) (SDCCH)

Unavailable) (TCH)
H302B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Terrestrial

Resource Request Failed)
H302G Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (A Interface

Failure)
H3020C Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer

Expired) (SDCCH)
H3027Cb Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer

Expired) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3028Cb Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer

Expired) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3027Ca Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer

Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3028Ca Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer

Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H302Da Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Abnormal
Release, Unspecified)
H302Db Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

Release, Channel Unacceptable)
H302Dc Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

Release, Timer Expired)

Counter Description
H302Dd Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

Release, No Activity on the Radio Path)
H302De Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Preemptive
Release)
H302Df Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Handover
Failed, Timing Advance out of Range)
H302Dg Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Channel Mode
Unavailable)
H302Dh Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Frequency
Unavailable)
H302Di Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Call Already
Cleared)
H302Dj Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Semantically
Incorrect Message)
H302Dk Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Invalid
Mandatory Information)
H302Dl Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Message Type
Non-existent or Not Implemented)
H302Dm Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

Not Compatible with Protocol State)
H302Dn Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Conditional IE
Error)
H302Do Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (No Cell
Allocation Available)
H302Dp Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Protocol Error
Unspecified)
H302Dq Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Other Causes)

Counter Description
H3002 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Underlay

to Overlay)
H3001 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Overlay

to Underlay)

(Underlay to Overlay)

(Overlay to Underlay)

Unavailable) (Underlay to Overlay)

Unavailable) (Overlay to Underlay)
H3022M Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Other

Causes) (Underlay to Overlay)
H3021M Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Other

Causes) (Overlay to Underlay)
H3003A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHF-TCHH)
H3003B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHH-TCHF)
H3004A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCH-SDCCH)
H3004B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, SDCCH-TCH)
H3013A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands

(Dynamic Conversion, TCHF-TCHH)
H3013B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands

(Dynamic Conversion, TCHH-TCHF)
H3014A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands

(Dynamic Conversion, TCH-SDCCH)
H3014B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands

(Dynamic Conversion, SDCCH-TCH)
H3023A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHF-TCHH)
H3023B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHH-TCHF)
H3024A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

Conversion, TCH-SDCCH)

Counter Description
H3024B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

Conversion, SDCCH-TCH)
H3055A Internal Intra-Cell Handovers Not Initiated

(AMR) (TCHF-TCHH)
H3055B Internal Intra-Cell Handovers Not Initiated

(AMR) (TCHH-TCHF)
H3005A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3005B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3015A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3015B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3025A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3025B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3040 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Detection Messages

Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Received by BSC (TCHF)

Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3200W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3200X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3200Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3200Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3209W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3209X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3209Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3209Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3210W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3210X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3210Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3210Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)

Responses (TCHF) (900/850-900/850)

Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850)

Responses (TCHH) (900/850-900/850)

Responses (TCHH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHH) (900/850-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3220W (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3220X (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3220Y (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3220Z (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3229W (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3229X (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3229Y (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3229Z (Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3220A Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(No Channel Available) (SDCCH)
H3229A Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(No Channel Available) (TCH)
H322B Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Terrestrial Resource Request Failed)
H322D Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels)
H322G Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(A Interface Failure)
H3220C Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH)
H3227Cb Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3228Cb Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3227Ca Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3228Ca Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H3240 Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Detection

Messages Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHF)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3100W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)
H3100X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3100Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(900/850-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3100Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHF) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3110W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)
H3110X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3110Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3110Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

(1800/1900-900/850)

Command (TCHF) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

Command (TCHH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

Commands (Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

Commands (Directed Retry)
(1800/1900-1800/1900)



Counter Description
H3120W Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-900/850)
H3120X Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3120Y Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3120Z Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-900/850)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Counter Description

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H312A Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(No Channel Available)
H312B Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312G Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (A

Interface Failure)
H3120C Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed
Retry)
H3127Cb Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3128Cb Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3127Ca Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3128Ca Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)

(Timer Expired) (Directed Retry)
H312Da Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Db Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dc Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dd Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312De Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Release)

Counter Description
H312Df Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dg Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Unavailable)
H312Dh Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Unavailable)
H312Di Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Cleared)
H312Dj Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Incorrect Message)
H312Dk Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dl Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dm Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dn Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Error)
H312Do Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312Dp Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Unspecified)
H312Dq Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H310A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Quality)
H310B Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Quality)
H310C Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Strength)

Counter Description
H310D Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Strength)
H310E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Timing Advance)
H310F Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Better Cell)
H310G Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Load)
H310H Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Rapid Level Drop)
H310I Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(MSC Intervention)
H310J Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(OM Intervention)
H310L Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Other Causes)
H311A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Uplink Quality)
H311B Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Downlink Quality)
H311C Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Uplink Strength)
H311D Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Downlink Strength)
H311E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Timing Advance)
H311F Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Better Cell)
H311G Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Load)
H311H Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Rapid Level Drop)
H311I Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (MSC Intervention)
H311J Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (OM Intervention)
H311L Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Other Causes)

Counter Description
H3122A Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Quality)
H3122B Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Quality)

(Uplink Strength)
H3122D Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Strength)
H3122E Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timing Advance)
H3122F Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Better Cell)
H3122G Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Load)
H3122H Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Rapid Level Drop)
H3122I Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(MSC Intervention)
H3122J Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(OM Intervention)
H3122L Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Other Causes)
H3400W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3400X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3400Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3400Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3409W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3409X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3409Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3409Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)

Counter Description
H3410W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3410X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3410Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3410Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover

Responses (SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)

Responses (TCHF) (900/850-900/850)

Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850)

Responses (TCHH) (900/850-900/850)

Responses (TCHH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHH) (900/850-1800/1900)

Responses (TCHH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3420W Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3420X Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3420Y Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3420Z Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3429W Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3429X Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3429Y Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3429Z Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3401B Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Only)
H3401C Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Only)
H3401D Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Preferred, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401E Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Preferred, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401G Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Preferred, Channel Type
Changeable)
H3401H Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Preferred, Channel Type
Changeable)
H3401F Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF or TCHH, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401I Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF or TCHH, Channel Type
Changeable)
H342I Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Invalid Message)
H3420A Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(No Channel Available) (SDCCH)
H3429A Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(No Channel Available) (TCH)
H342E Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(CIC Unavailable)
H342F Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(CIC Allocated)
H342B Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

H342H Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC)

Counter Description
H3420C Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH)
H3429Cb Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCH) (Signaling Channel)
H3429Ca Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel)
H3440 Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover

Detection Messages Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Detection Messages Received by BSC (TCHF)

Detection Messages Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3300W Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(900/850-900/850)
H3300X Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3300Y Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3300Z Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-900/850)
H3310W Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

(900/850-900/850)
H3310X Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3310Y Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3310Z Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

(1800/1900-900/850)

Commands (TCHF) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

Counter Description

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

Commands (TCHH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)


Commands (Directed Retry)
(1800/1900-1800/1900)


H3320W Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-900/850)
H3320X Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3320Y Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-1800/1900)

Counter Description
H3320Z Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-900/850)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H330A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Quality)
H330B Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Quality)

Counter Description
H330C Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Strength)
H330D Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Strength)
H330E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Timing Advance)
H330F Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Better Cell)
H330G Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Load)
H330H Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Rapid Level Drop)
H330I Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(MSC Intervention)
H330J Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(OM Intervention)
H330L Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Other Causes)
H331A Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Uplink Quality)
H331B Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Downlink Quality)
H331C Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Uplink Strength)
H331D Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Downlink Strength)
H331E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Timing Advance)
H331F Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Better Cell)
H331G Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Load)
H331H Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Rapid Level Drop)
H331I Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (MSC Intervention)
H331J Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (OM Intervention)

Counter Description
H331L Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Other Causes)
H3322A Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Quality)
H3322B Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Quality)
H3322C Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Strength)
H3322D Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Strength)
H3322E Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timing Advance)
H3322F Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Better Cell)
H3322G Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Load)
H3322H Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Rapid Level Drop)
H3322I Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(MSC Intervention)
H3322J Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(OM Intervention)
H3322L Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Other Causes)
H332Ka Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (OM Intervention)
H332Kb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Equipment
Failure)
H332Kc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (No Radio
Resource Available)
H332Kd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested
Terrestrial Resource Unavailable)
H332Ke Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (BSS not Equipped)
H332Kf Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Invalid Cell)

Counter Description
H332Kg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested
Transcoding/Rate Adaption Unavailable)
H332Kh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Circuit Pool
Mismatch)
H332Ki Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested Speech
Version Unavailable)
H332Kj Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Ciphering
Algorithm not Supported)
H332Kk Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Terrestrial circuit
already allocated)
H332Kl Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Invalid Message)
H332Km Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Protocol Error
between BSS and MSC)
H332Kn Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Other Causes)
H332Da Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Db Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332De Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Release)
H332Df Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers


Counter Description
H332Dg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Unavailable)
H332Dh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Unavailable)
H332Di Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Cleared)
H332Dj Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Incorrect Message)
H332Dk Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dl Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dm Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dn Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Error)
H332Do Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Dp Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Unspecified)
H332Dq Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

H332Ha Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Radio Interface
Message Failure)
H332Hb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Radio Interface
Failure)
H332Hc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (OM
Intervention)

Counter Description
H332Hd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Equipment
Failure)
H332He Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Preemption)
H332Hf Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Invalid
Message)
H332Hg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Protocol Error
between BSS and MSC)
H332Hh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Other Causes)
H332G Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(A Interface Failure)

(T7 Expiry) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
H3327Lb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T7 Expiry) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3328Lb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T7 Expiry) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3327La Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T7 Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3328La Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T7 Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)

(T7 Expired) (Directed Retry)

(T8 Expiry) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
H3327Cb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T8 Expiry) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3328Cb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T8 Expiry) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3327Ca Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T8 Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3328Ca Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(T8 Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)

(T8 Expired) (Directed Retry)

Counter Description
H3303 Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Different Signaling Points)
H3313 Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover

Commands (Different Signaling Points)
H3323 Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Different Signaling Points)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H380 Cell Incoming Handover Requests

Counter Description
H382A Failed Cell Incoming Handovers (Congestion)
H382M Failed Cell Incoming Handovers (Other Causes)
H371A Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Uplink

Quality)
H371B Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Downlink

Quality)
H371C Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Uplink

Strength)
H371D Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Downlink

Strength)
H371E Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Timing

Advance)
H371F Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Better Cell)
H371G Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Load)
H371H Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Rapid

Level Drop)
H371I Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (MSC

Intervention)
H371J Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (OM

Intervention)
H371L Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Other

Causes)
H372A Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Uplink Quality)
H372B Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Downlink

Quality)
H372C Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Uplink

Strength)
H372D Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Downlink

Strength)
H372E Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Timing

Advance)
H372F Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Better Cell)
H372G Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Load)
H372H Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Rapid Level

Drop)

Counter Description
H372I Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (MSC

Intervention)
H372J Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (OM

Intervention)
H372L Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Other Causes)
S3300C Number of MRs during Handover Initiation

(Uplink Receive Level Rank = 0)








(Uplink Receive Quality Rank = 0)








Counter Description
AS330C Mean Uplink Receiving Level during Handover

Initiation
AS331C Mean Uplink Receive Quality during Handover

Initiation
AS330A Mean Uplink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS332A Mean Downlink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS330B Mean Uplink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
AS332B Mean Downlink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
AS334A Mean Timing Advance during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS334B Mean Timing Advance during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
7.6 References
l GSM 08.58
l GSM 04.08


Handover: About This Chapter

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Handover: About This Chapter

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem

BSS Feature Description 7 Handover

About This Chapter

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-1

Co-site Neighbor cells under the same BTS.

Raileigh In radio propagation, signals inevitably suffer from short-period amplitude

DTCB DTCB handover is a special method of determining the boundary between an

7-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Acronyms and Abbreviations

BSC Base Station Controller

BSIC Base Station Identity Code

BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel

AMR Adaptive Multi Rate

RQI Radio Quality Indication

Network Elements Involved

Table 7-1 NEs involved in handover

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-3

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

Table 7-2 GBSS products and related versions

BSC BSC6000 V900R003C01 and later

BTS BTS3X All releases

BTS2X All releases

Double-transceiver BTS All releases

7.3 Technical Description

7-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

7.3.1 Handover Preprocessing

7.3.1 Handover Preprocessing

Filtering treatment is performed on measurement reports. Then a number of consecutive

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-5

Fast Movement Handover Preparation

Neighbor Cell Sorting

Network Characteristic Adjustment

7-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Power Boost Before Handover

7.3.2 Handover Decision Algorithm

7.3.2.1 Fast Movement Handover

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-7

Fast Movement Handover

7-8 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Target Cell Selection

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-9

Target Cell Selection

l The target cell cannot serve as the serving cell.

Target Cell Selection

7-10 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Rapid Level Drop Handover

Target Cell Selection

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-11

Figure 7-1 Interference handover

Target Cell Selection

No Downlink Measurement Report Handover

l The measurement report of the call once had downlink part.

7-12 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Target Cell Selection

Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-13

l SS(u) < Thdouter

Target Cell Selection

7-14 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Effect of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing Algorithm

Figure 7-2 Load handover

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7-15

Figure 7-3 Load handover