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product series
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction TABLE I: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL Properties of the DEQUEST® 2040 PRODUCT SERIES
1 Introduction The DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 series are PRODUCT DEQUEST® 2046 (1) DEQUEST® 2047(1) DEQUEST® 2047 G (1)
members of the family of organophosphonates
2 Physical and Chemical marketed under the Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A.
Chemical name Ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phophonic acid)
Properties of the DEQUEST® registered trademark DEQUEST®. All three series are
2.1 DEQUEST® 2046/2047 phosphonates metals. Please consult the DEQUEST® "Introductory Abbreviation Na5EDTMPA Na3Ca2.5EDTMPA Na3Ca2.5EDTMPA
Brochure" for all details on the general properties of
phosphonates and on the other products available Sodium/ Sodium/
2.2 DEQUEST® 2054 phosphonate Product form Pentasodium salt solution
Calcium salt powder Calcium salt granule
in the DEQUEST® product range.
Clear to pale
Appearance Off-white free flowing powder Off-white free flowing granule
yellow aqueous solution
2.3 DEQUEST 2060S/2066/2066A/
®
4066 Specific gravity @ 20/20°C 1.32 0.47 – 0.90 g/cm³ (bulk density) 0.85 g/cm³ (bulk density)
2.5 Solubility pH (1% at 25°C) 6-8 11.6 – 12.8 11.6 – 12.8
Freezing point [°C] - 14 N.A. N.A.
2.6 Acidity
2 Physical and Chemical Chloride [%Cl] <5 10 – 20 10 – 20
3 Functional Properties of Properties of the DEQUEST® Iron [ppm Fe] < 20 < 20 < 20
DEQUEST® 2040,2050 and 2040, 2050 and 2060 series
Moisture [%] 14 – 17.5 14 – 17.5
2060 series
2.1 - DEQUEST® 2046/2047 phosphonates (1) not for sales in North America
3.1 Sequestration
Products belonging to the DEQUEST® 2040 series are
3.2 Scale inhibition good all purpose scale inhibitors. Of all DEQUEST® 2.2 - DEQUEST® 2054 phosphonate
3.2.1 Calcium carbonate phosphonates, they are the best sequestrants for alkaline
3.2.2 Calcium sulphate earth metals. They are excellent stabilizers of activated DEQUEST® 2054 is an excellent all purpose scale inhibitor, Chemical name: Hexamethylenediamine tetra
3.2.3 Barium sulphate bleach based laundry detergents. but relatively weak sequestrant. It can be particularly (methylene phosphonic acid) - HDTMPA
useful for applications where the presence of free metal Structure:
3.3 Peroxygen stabilization Chemical Name: Ethylenediaminetetra ions is desirable,or is used for catalytic purposes.
O O
(methylenephosphonic acid) - EDTMPA DEQUEST® 2054 is among the most effective of all anti- HO OH
P CH2 CH2 P
Chemical Structure: scalants tested by Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. for inhibiting
4 Quality of DEQUEST products® OH
O N (CH2)6 N O
OH
2 3
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
PRODUCT DEQUEST® 2054 Products belonging to the DEQUEST® 206X series are Chemical name: Diethylenetriamine penta (methylene
Chemical name Hexamethylene excellent all purpose scale inhibitors and sequestrants. phosphonic acid). - DTPMPA
diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) They have been found to be outstanding Barium sulphate Chemical Structure:
Abbreviation K6HDTMPA scale inhibitors. They are also among the best known
O O
organic stabilizers for aqueous peroxides.
HO OH
Product form Hexapotas- P CH2 CH2 P
OH OH
sium solution O N (CH2)2 N (CH2)2 N O
DEQUEST ®
2060S/2066 are excellent stabilizers of
OH P CH2 CH2 P OH
Appearance Clear to pale activated bleach systems in laundry detergents. Moreover CH2
yellow aqueous solution OH OH
they are very efficient stain removal agents in liquid OH P O
Physical & chemical Properties
laundry detergents with outstanding enzyme compatibility. OH
Specific gravity @ 20/20°C 1.29 partially neutralized acid grade, have also been developed
and are commercially available. DEQUEST® 2066A finds its
pH (1% at 25°C) 6-8 main use as an oilfield downhole scale inhibitor.
Other DTPMPA based grades include:
Freezing point [°C] - 18 • DEQUEST® 2066C2 is a more concentrated version of
DEQUEST® 2066, with an active acid content of 32%
Chloride [%Cl] <5 • DEQUEST® 4066 is a proprietary solid grade where the
phosphonate is physically DTPMPA bound in an alumino-
Iron [ppm Fe] < 35 silicate matrix
Moisture [%]
4 5
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
Product form Acid solution Partly neutralized Heptasodium salt Heptasodium salt Heptasodium salt 2.5 - Solubility
sodium salt solution solution solution proprietary granule Increasing mole ratio of phosphonate to calcium
Appearance Clear, brown Clear, dark amber Clear amber Clear amber Off-white granule
aqueous solution aqueous solution aqueous solution aqueous solution DEQUEST ®
phosphonic acids and salts are in general
Physical & chemical highly soluble in aqueous solutions and insoluble in The relative importance of the regions A, B and C on the solubility
Properties curve of the phosphonate is specific for the type of molecule involved.
organic solvents. In water, they can be more easily It depends also on the use conditions, such as temperature, pH, water
Active content [%] 50 as acid 47 as acid 25 as acid 32 as acid 22 as acid hardness etc. As a general rule, higher pH and increasing calcium
32 as salt formulated than most other polyelectrolytes in presence levels shift the onset of precipitation toward lower concentrations of
Molecular weight 573 617 (approx) 727 727 727 of other organic and inorganic materials. They also form phosphonates.
Mean particle size N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 150 min easily supersaturated solutions. In some cases it takes
[µ]
several months or years of storage at room temperature Under strongly alkaline conditions such as 1 to 2% NaOH
Specific gravity @ 1.42 1.41 1.29 1.40 0.60 – 0.80 g/cm³
20/20°C (bulk density) before equilibrium can be reached. Therefore, solutions, DEQUEST® 2046 forms the most soluble calcium
pH (1% at 25°C) <2 2–3 6–8 6-8 6-8 salts, as well as di or tri calcium complexes which remain
determinations of solubility can be difficult. To define
Freezing point [°C] - 25 - 20 - 14 < -15 them accurately within practical time, it is necessary to soluble at concentrations up to several thousands mg/l.
Chloride [%Cl] <5 <5 <5 <5 operate at temperatures above approx. 50°C.
including unpredictable precipitation. Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A.’s high purity material is available as a solution containing free hydrochloric HCl solutions. Above 50°C, DEQUEST 2060S is miscible
® containing 25% active acid at pH 7 are fairly close to the
acid in order to solubilise the organic acid under normal conditions. This product is the most concentrated stable form of this chemical that is
commercially available and Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. is marketing it under the DEQUEST® 2060S name. and soluble in water at any proportion. limit of solubility.
Some phosphonates can form insoluble calcium salts in minimum at around pH 5 which corresponds to a tri-
6 7
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
3.1 - Sequestration
TABLE IV: ACIDITY CONSTANTS FOR THE ACTIVE ACID IN DEQUEST® 2046, 2054 AND 2066 PHOSPHONATES IN 0.1 M A common way of comparing the strength of sequestring
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE agents is to determine the thermodynamic stability of the
DEQUEST® 2046 DEQUEST® 2066 DEQUEST® 2054 complex formed. It is a measure of the extent to which a
specific chelate will form when the system has reached
p K1 - - -
equilibrium.
p K2 1.33 - <2
p K10 - 12.04 -
Where M+n is the metal ion, L-m the sequestering agent,
and P-r the precipitating agent.
[ML(n-m)]
Ke =
[ML+n] [L-n]
8 9
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
Table V provides a comparison of the logarithm of the Table VII provides similar comparisons with Iron ions. TABLE V: COMPARISON OF THE LOGARITHM OF THE STABILITY CONSTANTS, LOGKML, OF ANALOGOUS AMINOPHOSPHONIC
stability constants of polycarboxylates and polyphospho- AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS1) AT 25°C in µ = 0.1 M
nates of identical chemical configuration for a number of
DEQUEST® DEQUEST® DEQUEST®
PRODUCT HDTA(3) EDTA(4) DTPA(5)
common cations. 2054 2046 2066
MgL 4.2 7.3 8.8 9.3 9.3 10.8
At acid or neutral pH, DEQUEST phosphonates present, in
®
CaL 4.2 6.6 10.7 10.2 10.8 10.7
general, lower stability constants with heavy metal ions BaL 2.8 5.8 7.9 8.0 8.8 8.2
than aminopolycarboxylic sequestrants such as EDTA.
MnL 9.0 12.0 13.9 14.6 15.5 17.3
However, under alkaline conditions, they are usually
CuL 15.4 19.9 18.8 21.7 21.4 25.3
superior sequestrants for metal ions.
ZnL 12.6 15.7 16.5 19.2 18.3 20.1
10 11
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
TABLE VI: CALCIUM SEQUESTRATION BY DEQUEST® PHOSPHONATES in comparison with other chelants
NTA·3NaH2O (6)
93.45% Sodium salt, solid - 375 - 1.04
EDTA·4Na (5)
40% Sodium salt solution 107 140 1.02 1.33
(1)
Milligrams of CaCO3 chelated per 0.1 gram of product “as is” using respective method.
(2)
Moles of CaCO3 chelated by one mole of product 100% active acid.
(3)
Turbidimetric method in which oxalate is used as the precipitating anion at pH 11.
(4)
Turbidimetric method in which carbonate is used as the precipitating anion at pH 11.
(5)
EDTA - 4NA: Tetra Sodium Salt of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
(6)
NTA - 3NaH2O: Sodium Salt of nitrilo tetra acetic acid
(7)
HDTA: 3Na: Sodium Salt of hexamethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
TABLE VII: IRON SEQUESTRATION BY DEQUEST® PHOSPHONATES in comparison with other CHELANTS
Chelation Value
pH 8 pH 10 pH 12
Product
mg Fe/g 1)
Mole mg Fe/g 1)
Mole mg Fe/g 1)
Mole
(1)
Milligrams of Iron chelated per 1.0 gram of product “as is”.
(2)
Moles of Iron chelated by one mole of product 100% active acid.
(3)
EDTA - 4Na: Tetra Sodium Salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
12 13
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 product series
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and 2060 series are effective scale Barium sulphate is another scalant that is effectively Due to its exceptional high sequestration constants for
inhibitors and their “threshold effect” (see “DEQUEST ® controlled by DEQUEST® phosphonates. Inhibition of this transition metals that can catalyse the decomposition of
Introductory Brochure” for more details) operates on many scalant is particularly important since it has very low water peroxygen compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium
different inorganic scales. solubility and resists removal by standard acid or alkaline percarbonate, sodium perborate and peracetic acid,
chemical treatment. Table IX shows that DEQUEST® 2046 DEQUEST® 2040 and DEQUEST® 2060 series are the best
and DEQUEST 2066 are very effective products for the
®
known stabilizers of formulations and processes based on
3.2.1 - Calcium carbonate inhibition of this type of scale. these bleaching agents. DEQUEST® 2046 and DEQUEST®
The best scale inhibitor for BaSO4 under low pH conditions 2066 are therefore very effective whiteness boosters in
Although all the DEQUEST phosphonates are effective
® is DEQUEST® 2086. (Proprietary polyamine phosphonate laundry detergents, pulp & paper and the textile industries.
inhibitors of CaCO3 precipitation, DEQUEST 2000, 2010 ® - please, refer to DEQUEST® Introductory Brochure).
treatment applications. (see “DEQUEST® 2000, 2010 and ppm Inhibitor % Scale(1)
DEQUEST® products are covered by certification to quality
7000 product series"brochure for more details) Scale Inhibitor (Active Acid) Inhibition standard ISO 9002.
DEQUEST 2046 ®
3 39
25°C
pH 7
24 hours
TABLE VIII: CALCIUM SULPHATE SCALE INHIBITION
% Scale Inhibition(1)
DEQUEST 2054
®
100 100 100
DEQUEST 2066
®
8 51 51
Test Conditions: 15000 ppm CaSO4
(1)
(2)
Dequest® 2006: Sodium Salt of ammotrumethylene phosphonic acid
(we refer to brochure " Dequest® 2000, 2010 and 7000 product series
for industrial water treatment applications"
14 15
DEQUEST® 2040, 2050 and
2060 product series
More information
If you would like to obtain more detailed information about DEQUEST® products or are interested in obtaining a
sample for evaluation in your system, please contact your nearest Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. representative or visit
our website: http://www.dequest.com
The information in this bulletin is to the best of our knowledge true and accurate but all instructions, recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee. Since the
conditions of use are beyond their control, Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. and its subsidiaries disclaim any liability for loss or damage suffered from use of these data and suggestions.
Furthermore, no liability is accepted if use of any product in accordance with these data or suggestions infringes any patent.