3-1 Constant Rate of Change

Determine whether the relationship between the two quantities shown in the table or graph is linear. If
so, find the constant rate of change. If not, explain your reasoning.
1.  

SOLUTION:  

Analyze the table. The rate of change from 5 hours to 8 hours is  or 3 cents per hour. This is the same as the

rate of change from 8 hours to 12 hours,  or 3 cents per hour, and from 12 hours to 24 hours,   or 3 

cents per hour. So, the rate of change is a constant 3¢ per hour.

ANSWER:  
Yes; the rate of change between cost and time for each hour is a constant 3¢ per hour.

3.  

SOLUTION:  

Analyze the table. As the amount of oil increases by 2 cups, the amount of vinegar increases by  cup. Since the 
rate of change is constant, it is linear. So, the constant rate of change is

   

or Manual
eSolutions cup vinegar perbycup
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ANSWER:  
 cents per hour. So, the rate of change is a constant 3¢ per hour.

ANSWER:  
3-1 Constant Rate
Yes; the rate of of Change
change between cost and time for each hour is a constant 3¢ per hour.

3.  

SOLUTION:  

Analyze the table. As the amount of oil increases by 2 cups, the amount of vinegar increases by  cup. Since the 
rate of change is constant, it is linear. So, the constant rate of change is

   

or cup vinegar per cup of oil.

ANSWER:  

Yes; the rate of change between vinegar and oil for each cup of oil is a constant  cup vinegar per cup of oil.

5.  

SOLUTION:  
Two points highlighted on the graph are (2, 15) and (6, 45). Find the rate of change between them.
(2, 15)  2 inches, 15 miles
(6, 45)  6 inches, 45 miles
 

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 ANSWER:  
3-1 Constant Rate
Yes; the rate of Change
of change between vinegar and oil for each cup of oil is a constant  cup vinegar per cup of oil.

5.  

SOLUTION:  
Two points highlighted on the graph are (2, 15) and (6, 45). Find the rate of change between them.
(2, 15)  2 inches, 15 miles
(6, 45)  6 inches, 45 miles
 

 
ANSWER:  
Yes; the rate of change between the actual distance and the map distance for each inch on the map is a
constant7.5 mi/in.

Determine whether a proportional linear relationship exists between the two quantities shown. Explain
your reasoning.
7.  

SOLUTION:  
To determine if the two quantities are proportional, express the relationship between cost and time from the values in
the table as a ratio.
 
 

 
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The ratio is a constant 3¢ per hour, so the relationship is proportional.
 
  
ANSWER:  
Yes; the rate
3-1 Constant Rateof of
change between the actual distance and the map distance for each inch on the map is a
Change
constant7.5 mi/in.

Determine whether a proportional linear relationship exists between the two quantities shown. Explain
your reasoning.
7.  

SOLUTION:  
To determine if the two quantities are proportional, express the relationship between cost and time from the values in
the table as a ratio.
 
 

 
The ratio is a constant 3¢ per hour, so the relationship is proportional.
 
ANSWER:  
Yes; the ratio of the cost to time is a constant 3¢ per hour, so the relationship is proportional.

9.  

SOLUTION:  
To determine if the two distances are proportional, express the relationship between actual distance and map
distance for the points on the graph as a ratio.
 

The ratio is a constant miles per inch, so the relationship is proportional.

ANSWER:  

Yes; the ratio of actual distance to map distance is a constant miles per inch, so the relationship is proportional.

11. Persevere with Problems  A dog starts walking, slows down, and then sits down to rest. Sketch a graph of the 

situation to represent the different rates of change. Label the x-axis “Time” and the y -axis “Distance”.
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 ANSWER:  

Yes; the ratio of actual distance to map distance is a constant miles per inch, so the relationship is proportional.
3-1 Constant Rate of Change
11. Persevere with Problems  A dog starts walking, slows down, and then sits down to rest. Sketch a graph of the 
situation to represent the different rates of change. Label the x-axis “Time” and the y -axis “Distance”.
 

SOLUTION:  
Since the dog starts out walking fast, it will cover more distance over a period of time than when it slows down. The
graph will be steeper during that time. When the dog sits down to rest, the distance stays the same while the time
increases.
 
Sample answer:

ANSWER:  
Sample answer:
 

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Conclusions Each table shows a relationship with a constant rate of change. Is each relationship Page 5
13. 
proportional? Justify your reasoning.
 
3-1 Constant Rate of Change

13. Justify Conclusions Each table shows a relationship with a constant rate of change. Is each relationship
proportional? Justify your reasoning.
 
a.

b.

SOLUTION:  
 
In order to see if the relationship between two variables is proportional each ratios must be compared. If two
ratios are not equal then the relationship is not proportional.
 
a. Sample answer: 
 

 
Therefore, c and t are not proportional.
 
b. Sample Answer:
 

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Therefore, c and t are not proportional.
 
3-1 Constant Rate of Change
b. Sample Answer:
 

 
Since all the ratios are equal, the relationship is proportional.
 
 
ANSWER:  
a. no, Sample answer:
 
b. yes, Sample answer:

Determine whether the relationship between the two quantities shown in the table is linear. If so, find the
constant rate of change. If not, explain your reasoning.
15.  

SOLUTION:  

Analyze the table. The rate of change from 1 to 2 hours,  or 12 per hour, is not the same as the rate of 

change from 3 to 4 hours,  or 24 per hour. So, the rate of change is not constant.

ANSWER:  

No; the rate of change from 1 to 2 hours,  or 12 per hour, is not the same as the rate of change from 3 to 4 

hours,  or 24 per hour, so the rate of change is not constant.
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Reason Abstractly   Find the constant rate of change for the graph and interpret its meaning.
 ANSWER:  
a. no, Sample answer:
 
3-1 Constant Rate of Change
b. yes, Sample answer:

Determine whether the relationship between the two quantities shown in the table is linear. If so, find the
constant rate of change. If not, explain your reasoning.
15.  

SOLUTION:  

Analyze the table. The rate of change from 1 to 2 hours,  or 12 per hour, is not the same as the rate of 

change from 3 to 4 hours,  or 24 per hour. So, the rate of change is not constant.

ANSWER:  

No; the rate of change from 1 to 2 hours,  or 12 per hour, is not the same as the rate of change from 3 to 4 

hours,  or 24 per hour, so the rate of change is not constant.

Reason Abstractly   Find the constant rate of change for the graph and interpret its meaning.
17.  

SOLUTION:  

The constant rate of change is . This means the distance decreased by 50 miles every

hour.
 
ANSWER:  
-50 mph; the distance decreased by 50 miles every hour.

19.  

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ANSWER:  
3-1 Constant
-50 mph; Rate of Change
the distance decreased by 50 miles every hour.

19.  

SOLUTION:  

The constant rate of change is . This means the sale price is of retail price.

ANSWER:  

0.5; of retail price

21. The graph shows the distance Bianca traveled on her 2-hour bike ride. 

Determine if each statement is true or false.
 

 
a. She traveled at a constant speed of 12 miles per hour for the entire ride.  True      False
 
b. She traveled at a constant speed of 12 miles per hour for the first hour.   True      False
 
c. She traveled at a constant speed of 4 miles per hour for the last hour.   True      False
SOLUTION:  
a. If the points are connected, the line would not be straight. This means the rate of change is not consistent, so a. is
false.
 
b. Two points from the first hour on the graph are (0, 0) and (1, 12). Find the rate of change between them.
(0, 0)  0 hour, 0 miles
(1, 12)  1 hour, 12 miles

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The constant speed during the first hour of Bianca’s bike ride is 12 miles per hour.
 
So, b. is true.
 false.
 
b. Two points from the first hour on the graph are (0, 0) and (1, 12). Find the rate of change between them.
3-1 Constant Rate of Change
(0, 0)  0 hour, 0 miles
(1, 12)  1 hour, 12 miles

The constant speed during the first hour of Bianca’s bike ride is 12 miles per hour.
 
So, b. is true.
 
c. Two points from the last hour on the graph are (1, 12) and (2, 16). Find the rate of change between them.
(1, 12)  1 hour, 12 miles
(2, 16)  2 hours, 16 miles

The constant speed during the last hour of Bianca’s bike ride is 4 miles per hour.
 
So, c. is true.

ANSWER:  
a. She traveled at a constant speed of 12 miles per hour for the entire ride.  True      False

b. She traveled at a constant speed of 12 miles per hour for the first hour.  True      False

c. She traveled at a constant speed of 4 miles per hour for the last hour.  True      False
 

Find the unit rate. Round to the nearest hundredth if necessary.

23. 60 miles on 2.5 gallons
SOLUTION:  
Write the rate as a fraction with a denominator of 1.
 

ANSWER:  
24 mi/gal

25. 10 red peppers for $5.50

SOLUTION:  
Write the rate as a fraction with a denominator of 1.
 

ANSWER:  
$0.55/red
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 ANSWER:  
3-1 Constant
24 mi/gal Rate of Change

25. 10 red peppers for $5.50

SOLUTION:  
Write the rate as a fraction with a denominator of 1.
 

ANSWER:  
$0.55/red pepper

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