Design of Machine Elements

Chapter One
Introduction
 INTRODUCTION
• Machine design refers to creation of new and better machines, and
improving the existing ones

• Engineering is concerned primarily With the application of a certain body

of knowledge, set of skills, and point of view in the creation of devices,
structures, and processes used to transform resources to forms which
satisfy the needs of society.

• Design is the activity in which engineers accomplish the preceding task,

usually by responding to a design imperative for the required task.

• You are required to design (subject to certain problem-solving

constraints) a component, system or process that will perform a
specified task (subject to certain solution constraints) optimally.
 INTRODUCTION CONT’D
• The end result of the engineering design process is a specification set
from which a machine, process, or system may be built and operated to
meet the original need.
• The designer's task is then to create this specification set for the
manufacture, assembly, testing, installation, operation, repair, and use of
a solution to a problem.
• Mechanical engineers are associated with the production and
processing of energy and with providing the means of production, the
tools of transportation, and the techniques of automation.
• The skill and knowledge base are extensive. Among the disciplinary
bases are mechanics of solids and fluids, mass and momentum
transport, manufacturing processes, and electrical and information
theory.
• Mechanical engineering design involves all the disciplines of mechanical
engineering.
 FACTORS INFLUENCING MACHINE
DESIGN

External influences
on the engineering
Internal influences on the designer.
engineering designer.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MACHINE DESIGN
• Adaptive design: Concerned with adaptation of existing
designs. Needs no special knowledge

• Development design: Involves modification of existing

designs. Designer starts with existing designs, adopts
new technologies of manufacture or material and the
final products differs from original

• New design: Deals with creation of completely new

product
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. Function 6.
2. Manufacturability 7.
3. Type of the load and
stresses caused by the load 8.
4. Motion of the parts or 9.
kinematics of the machine 10.
(Rectilinear motion, 11.
Curvilinear motion,
Constant velocity, Constant 12.
acceleration, etc…) 13.
5. Materials 14.
Form and size of the parts
Frictional resistance and
lubrication
Use of standard parts
Safety of operation
Workshop facilities
Economics and Cost
Assembling requirements
Cost
Reliability
 DESIGN PHASES/ GENERAL
PROCEDURE FOR MACHINE DESIGN
COMMON MATERIALS
 UNITS
• Fundamental units: Every quantity is measured in terms
of some arbitrary but internationally accepted units,
called fundamental units
• Derived units: Some units are expressed in terms of
other units, which are derived from fundamental units.
• System of units: They are four
– C.G.S units
– F.P.S units
– M.K.S units
– S.I units
 UNITS CONT’D
Fundamental units

Derived units