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learningaboutelectronics.com
1 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
Op amps are more likely more used, as they are easier to bias.
How the circuit works is the circuit will pass signals with full
strength or near full strength between the frequencies of the low
pass filter and the high pass filter. So, for example, if the low-pass
filter is designed for 200Hz and the high-pass filter is designed for
2KHz, the circuit will output signals between 200Hz and 2KHz
with full strength or near full strength. Signals outside of these
frequencies will be greatly attenuated, so that their amplitudes are
much less than the amplitude of signals in the passband. The
passband refers to the signals in between the low and high pass
filters that are passed with full strength or near full strength. In
this example, the passband is 200Hz-2KHz. The low cutoff
frequency would be 200Hz and the high cutoff frequency would
be 2KHz.
The low cutoff and high cutoff frequenices are the 2 points in the
passband in which there is a 3dB drop in amplitude. A 3dB drop
equals 0.707VPEAK. If you look at the bandpass graph shown
above, there is a peak amplitude, VPEAK. Then as you get to the
low and high cutoff frequencies, the amplitude drops. When it
reaches 0.707VPEAK, this is the 3dB cutoff point. The 3dB cutoff
point represents half the maximum power.
2 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
We choose this because it's very popular, very wide used, and it
can get the job done for this circuit. We don't need any advanced
or more expensive op amps.
Components Needed
100nF capacitor
3.3nF capacitor
1.5KΩ resistor
15KΩ resistor
1KΩ resistor
9KΩ resistor
It is an 8-pin chip.
3 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
Pins 2 and 3 are the input pins to the op amp. Pin 2 is the
inverting terminal and pin 3 is the noninverting terminal.
And these are the only 5 pins we use, so it's pretty simple.
In this circuit, we make the bandpass filter so that the low cutoff
frequency is 1KHz and the high cutoff frequency is 3.2KHz. So
the passband is from 1KHz to 3.2KHz. However, if you're
modifying the circuit so that there is a different passband, then
you would modify the value of the components. We show below
to compute the frequencies so that you can create any passband.
But it's not infinite because you still have to take into account the
capabilities of the op amp, such as the maximum voltage it can
handle as well as the op amp's slew rate. We discuss this more in
depth below.
This means that the output of the op amp is 180 degrees of out of
phase with the input signal. This correlates, from an image angle,
4 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
of vertically flipping the input signal and this what would appear
as output.
5 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
6 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
So all frequencies 1KHz pass through this part of the circuit and
then go through the second part composed of resistor R2 and
capacitor C2. R2 and C2 form the low-pass filter.
The negative means that the voltage output is inverted from the
voltage input. So while the input voltage is +10V, the output
voltage is -10V. They're 180 degrees out of phase. When one is
at the positive peak, the other is at its negative peak. A full AC
signal is 360 degrees.
7 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
noninverting.
This allows the input signal and output signal to be in phase with
one another.
The values for the high-pass filter are the same as the previous
circuit. We use a 100nF capacitor and 1.5KKΩ resistor to form the
high-pass filter which forms a cutoff frequency of 1KHz. It passes
all frequencies above this point.
After being amplified, the signal then passes through the low-
8 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
The other factor that must be taken into account is the op amp's
slew rate. The slew rate is how fast the op amp can output
voltage per unit time. The slew rate is determined by the formula,
slew rate= 2πfV.
9 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39
How to Build an Active Bandpass Filter Circuit with an Op Amp about:reader?url=http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Ac...
Inputting this into the slew rate formula, the LM741 can output 1V
at a frequency of 79,617Hz. Doing the math, we first convert the
slew rate to volts per second. To convert the slew rate from volts
per microsecond to volts per second, we take the slew rate
voltage and divide it by 0.000001 to give us seconds. So
0.5V/0.000001= 500,000V/s. We can now plug it into the formula,
slew rate= 2πfV= 500,000= 2(3.14)(1V)(f). This is if you are
outputting 1V peak to peak.
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10 of 10 02/11/2018 12:39