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INTRODUCTION
None
(manual write
in):
Jason: In this lesson you will learn how to use the modal verb dovere to
expresses the hypothetical and the negative prefix in- for
adjectives. Such as...
Cristina Or…
Cristina: Ascoltiamo
DIALOGUE
Sandro: Giovanna, buongiorno. Come mai sei così in ritardo? Tutto bene?
Giovanna: Sì. La mia macchina è dal meccanico e con i mezzi pubblici ci
vuole un’eternità a venire qui. E’ impossibile fare affidamento
sull’autobus di questa città! Per fortuna stasera la mia 500
dovrebbe essere pronta e vado a ritirarla.
Giovanna: No, no. Oggi ci sono lezioni regolarmente. Sara non si è fatta
ancora vedere perchè dovrebbe essere andata dall’oculista per
una visita. Mi ha detto che vede le note un po’ sfocate.
Sandro: Allora noi iniziamo a lavorare sul programma dello spettacolo del
prossimo mese.
Sandro: Trovato?
Sandro: Giovanna, buongiorno. Come mai sei così in ritardo? Tutto bene?
Giovanna: No, no. Oggi ci sono lezioni regolarmente. Sara non si è fatta
ancora vedere perchè dovrebbe essere andata dall’oculista per
una visita. Mi ha detto che vede le note un po’ sfocate.
Sandro: Allora noi iniziamo a lavorare sul programma dello spettacolo del
prossimo mese.
Sandro: Trovato?
Sandro: Giovanna, buongiorno. Come mai sei così in ritardo? Tutto bene?
Jason: I see. Sara also hasn't shown up yet in the office, and I was
getting worried. Did I come to work on a holiday?
Giovanna: No, no. Oggi ci sono lezioni regolarmente. Sara non si è fatta
ancora vedere perchè dovrebbe essere andata dall’oculista per
una visita. Mi ha detto che vede le note un po’ sfocate.
Jason: No, no. Today there are regular lessons. Sara should be at the
ophthalmologist for a checkup. She told me that recently she sees
notes a bit out-of-focus.
Jason: She didn't tell me exactly, but maybe she'll arrive at lunchtime.
Sandro: Allora noi iniziamo a lavorare sul programma dello spettacolo del
prossimo mese.
Jason: Then let's start working on the program for the show of next
month.
Jason: Actually, I wanted to talk to you about the set list of songs. I'm a
bit unsatisfied with the choice of the pieces. Maybe it's better to
add a Christmas song too since we are in December. What do
you think?
Jason: Okay, I'm going to get the catalog of Christmas songs. It should
be in the other office if Sara didn't forget to return it the other day.
I'll be back right away.
Sandro: Trovato?
Jason: Nope, nothing. As soon as she arrives, I'll have a word with her.
She always forgets to return the books that are to be used in the
office...
Cristina: So Jason, did you know that there are a lot of cheap ways to get
around in Italy? And some of them are quite interesting!
Jason: Oh really?
Cristina: Yes! The best way to visit an Italian city is public transportation. It
is usually cheap and quite efficient. Every city has an extensive
bus or tram network… even though they get slow at peak hours!
Jason: Are there underground networks in Italy?
Cristina: Yes, there are some in big cities, such as Rome, Naples and
Milan. Oh, and a new one has been built in Turin, recently.
Jason: What was the “interesting” way to get around you were thinking
of?
Cristina: Oh, I was thinking about bicycles! Since there are a lot of small
towns in Italy, a bike is a great option! And you can also use it out
of town, if you stick to country roads.
Cristina: Well, city centers are often closed to traffic, so they are very
pleasant to visit by bike; but of course when you ride through
traffic you have to watch out for Italian drivers… they are not that
disciplined! Unfortunately, there aren’t many cycling lanes.
VOCAB LIST
Jason: mechanic
Next:
Jason: ages
Cristina: eternità [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Next:
Jason: to rely
Next:
Jason: to show up
Next:
Next:
Next:
Next:
Next:
Jason: as well
Next:
Jason: so much
Jason: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and
phrases from this lesson.
Let's take a closer look at the vocabulary and phrases from this lesson.
Cristina: Fare affidamento means "to rely on somebody" and it requires the
preposition su before a personal or general noun. The word
affidamento comes from the Italian verb fidarsi, meaning "to trust".
Another way to say it could be contare su or the more general
fidarsi di.
Cristina: Here's a sample sentence Sono le due di notte. Quando mia figlia
torna a casa, mi sente!
Jason: "It’s 2 am. When my daughter comes back I’ll have a word with
her!"
Cristina: Even though SENTIRE literally means hear, it is used by
someone who’s angry to say that he or she is going to reproach
the person who made him or her angry by disobeying or doing
something wrong.
Cristina: Yes, but unlike the English expressions, in Italian the person
who’s angry is the OBJECT, not the SUBJECT, of the sentence.
LESSON FOCUS
Jason: The focus of this lesson is the usage of the modal verb dovere to
express a hypothesis.
Cristina: The modal verb dovere is usually translated as ‘must’ or ‘have to’
and expresses an obligation or a duty.
Cristina: In such cases, the usage of the verb dovere could be replaced by
the adverb forse or probabilmente.
Cristina: You can either say –Sara dovrebbe essere andata dall’oculista or
probablimente è dall’oculista
Jason: "Carlo has not arrived yet. He must have missed the train.
Cristina: Another grammar point of this lesson is the usage of prefix in- to
give a negative meaning to adjectives.
Jason: "Useful/useless"
Jason: "logical/illogical"
Jason: "moral/immoral"
Jason: "Drinkable/undrinkable."
Cristina: Finally, prefix in- becomes ir- before letter r, like in the couple
razionale/irrazionale.
Jason: "Rational/irrational."
OUTRO
Jason: OK. That's all for this lesson. In the lesson notes, you can find
more examples on this grammar point. So be sure to read them.
Cristina: A presto!
Jason: Bye-bye!