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1. System Planning
2. Systems Analysis
3. Systems Design
4. Systems Development
5. Systems Testing
6. Systems Implementation
7. Systems Operation, Support and
Security
SDLC Phase 2:
Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis
• Analysis Modeling answers the questions of WHO
will use the system, WHAT the system will do,
WHERE and WHEN it will be used.
Core Support
Processes Processes
(those that involve product and
(those that are considered most
service design, production and
important for support of the
delivery processes, including other
company’s product/ service design
processes that contributes in
and delivery processes and daily
manufacture/ delivery of the
operations)
products and services)
Process Management Concepts
• Classification of Processes
Core Process
Level 2: Process
Framework/Chain
Level of Detail
Level 3: Main
Activities &
Responsibilities
Level 4:
Protocols &
Handbook Content
Process Management Concepts
SIPOCO Diagram
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK FEEDBACK
MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM
Process Management Concepts
• Process Level 1: Liquidation Process
Utilization
Liquidation
Pre-Audit
Check Preparation
Process Management Concepts
• Process Level 1: Procure-To-Pay Process
Purchase
Requisition
Receiving/ Stocking
Payment Request
Check Preparation
Business Process Modeling
ü Used to perform enterprise analysis
ü From a business perspective, a business model may be used to:
• Understand the organization
• Visualize the organization and its processes
• Find ways to make the organization more efficient
• Re-engineer the organization
• Provide proof that the information technology adds value
Process Mapping
start
ü Is a pictorial representation
showing all the steps of a
process process step
stop
Types of Flowcharts
Macro Flowchart
ü These charts include all the major steps in the process, which are
described at a very summary level.
ü Because these charts show the sequence of major steps, they help
teams gain a perspective of the total process
Types of Flowcharts
Macro Flowchart
• Order-To-Cash Process
QUOTATION
PROCESS
INVENTORY
SET-UP
TRANSFER
PROCESS
PROCESS
SET-UP
PROCESS
SALES MONITORING
PROCESS PROCESS
SALES
PROCESS
COLLECTION COLLECTION
PROCESS PROCESS
COLLECTION
PROCESS
END
START
Process Mapping
7.5 Delivery Draft 7.6 Exception
Creation Handling
7.8 Statement of
Account
Preparation
7.10 Outstanding
7.9 Payment Accounts
Processing Receivable
Collection
END
START
8.2 Quotation
Approval
8.11 Statement of
Account
Preparation
8.13 Outstanding
8.12 Payment Accounts
Processing Receivable
Collection
END
START
9.1 Consignment
Stock Request
Process
Process Mapping
9.2 Consignment
Ledger Updating
9.4 Payment
Processing
END
PDEX Core Process: Trade to Billing Process
PRE-TRADE TRADE ACTIVITIES BILLING
Platform
Investor Setup
Availability
Creation
Monitoring
Securities Platform
Information Performance
Creation Monitoring
Billing
Admission TP Servicing
Collection
Training Market
Installation Information
Creation of
Surveillance
TP/Users
Types of Flowcharts
Top-Down Flowchart
Show key steps in the process. Key steps are listed in order across the top of the
page, starting with the first step on the left. Activities necessary to achieve key
steps are listed under the key steps. Only steps that add value are included;
inspection and rework are omitted.
List Opportunities
Define Process to be Analyze Cause and Effect
Priorities List
Improved Identify Potential Root Cause
Select Opportunity
Flowchart the Process Collect Data
Redefine Team
Collect Baseline Data Verify Cause and Effect
Write Problem/Opportunity
Identify Performance Gaps Verify Root Causes
Statement
Validate Problem/ Validate Problem/
Summarize Project/Define
Opportunity Statement Opportunity Statement
Road Map
Management Review Management Review
Management Review
Process Mapping
Slide 25
Types of Flowcharts
Work Flow Diagram
3 9
8
1
2 10
Work Flow Diagram
Types of Flowcharts
Swim-lane (Deployment) Flowchart
START B2 D D
Credit Payments
Upload to CT
Posting
Receive and
Receive Source Conversion of
Receive Endorsement
Collate all Memo and Schedule of Prepare
Documents from DRD Data at Schedule of Payment Order Schedule of IOA
TOD/GBD PACS Payable
Remittances
Generate Branch
Validation Report
Generate Forward F1
Summary of Email Schedule Documents to
Coordinate TOD
Payroll Register to Courier GBD
Check/Sign
A1 A2 F2
Spreadsheet
Encode in Prepare
Prepare MAT Transmittal
DRDPMS Check/Sign Approve/Sign
C1 C2
MAT MAT Memo
C1
Check/Sign Approve/Sign Approve/Sign E1
Generate
E1 Transmittal Transmittal Transmittal E2
Spreadsheet
C2 Memo Memo Memo
E2
A1
Check/Sign
Release F1 F2
Schedule of IOA
Manager’s Check Forward to TOD
A2
Forward documents
Generate the ff: to respective
D
• Debit/Credit Advice Processor/ Unit/
• Credit IOA Department
• Manager’s Check
• Schedule of
Remittances
• Schedule of Outgoing
EPCS END
• Schedule of Inward
Foreign Exchange
Remittances
B1
• Remittance Process
Process Mapping
• Activities
– Performed for specific business reasons
– Represent manual or computerized behavior
– Can be decomposed further into a set of sub-activities
Fill out
application
Send in
application
Receive
application
Send to
insurance
company
Develop quote
Receive quotes
Decide best
policy
Send to
prospect
Receive
proposal and
quote
H
Prospective Customer Insurance Agent Insurance Company
Fill out
application
Receive
application
Develop quote
Decide best
policy
Receive
proposal and
quote
H
Purchasing Process
The purchasing department handles purchase requests from other
departments in the company. People in the company who initiate
the original purchase request are the "customers" of the purchasing
department. A case worker within the purchasing department
receives that request and monitors it until it is ordered and
received.
Case workers process requests for the purchase of products under
$1,500, write a purchase order, and then send it to the approved
vendor. Purchase requests over $1,500 must first be sent out for
bid from the vendor that supplies the product. When the bids
return, the case worker selects one bid. Then, he or she writes a
purchase order and sends it to the vendor.
In-house Customer Purchasing Department Vendor
Make purchase
request
Receive
requests
<1500?
Yes
No
Request bid
Develop bid
Select bid
Write purchase
order
H
Shipping Process
The shipping department receives all shipments on outstanding purchase
orders. When the clerk in the shipping department receives a shipment, he
or she finds the outstanding purchase order for those items. The clerk then
sends multiple copies of the shipment packing slip. One copy goes to
purchasing, and the department updates its records to indicate that the
purchase order has been fulfilled. Another copy goes to accounting so that
a payment can be made. A third copy goes to the requesting in-house
customer so that he or she can receive the shipment.
Once payment is made, the accounting department sends a notification to
purchasing. Once the customer receives and accepts the goods, he or she
sends notification to purchasing. When purchasing receives these other
verifications, it closes the purchase order as fulfilled and paid.
Creates Telephone Order
1. Customer calls and provides customer number.
2. Sales clerk verifies customer information. The system will display the customer
information. If a new customer, the system will display the module : Maintain Customer
Account Information (use case) to add a new customer.
3. Clerk initiates the creation of a new order. The system will display the module: Create
New Order (use case) to add new order.
4. Customer requests an item be added to the order.
5. Clerk verifies the item and adds it to the order. The system will add the item in the
basket order and displays the price and total amount
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all items are added to the order.
7. Customer indicates end of order, clerk enters end of order, system computes totals and
displays amount due. System checks credit limit in the customer information. If within
credit limit, system will post in the Account Receivable ledger of the customer.
Otherwise, customer will end transaction.
8. Customer arrives in the store, submits customer number and payment; Cashier will enter
customer information. System will check A/R ledger and display sales order information.
9. Clerk enters amount and place money inside cash register;
10. System verifies payment and prints official receipt. System will post transaction in the
closed sales order database.
Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN)
Process Notation - BPMN
Error
Design Patterns
Download Fill-out
Submit form
form form
Workflow Patterns
• Parallel Split
• Allows activities to be performed concurrently, rather than sequentially
• AND-split
Notify vendor
Notify
Accounting
Workflow Patterns
• Synchronization
• Combines parallel paths together, waiting for them to be completed before the
process can continue
• AND-join
Notify
contractor
Notify contract
Release funds
admin
Notify
Accounting
Workflow Patterns
• Exclusive Choice
• A location in a process where the flow is split into 2 or more exclusive alternative paths
• Only 1 of the alternative paths may be selected for the process to continue
• Exclusive-OR split; XOR-split
Take the
train
Choose
transportation X Take the
bus
Take the
cab
Workflow Patterns
• Simple Merge
• Merges alternative paths into a single path
• XOR-join
Take the
bus
Take the
cab
Workflow Patterns
• Multiple Choice
• Directs a single path to one or more than one of several options
A C
D
Workflow Patterns
• Implicit Termination
• Terminates a process flow when no more work remains to be done
X X
Y
Collaboration Patterns
• Trigger Event
• A process triggers a sub-process to run in another swimlane
Employee A
Continue
Escalate
processing
Employee B
Perform task
Collaboration Patterns
• Request-Reply
• A process invokes a subprocess to run in another swimlane and communicate its results
back to the calling process
Employee A
Continue
Invoke task
processing
Employee B
Perform task
Sample Process Map (Level 3)
Acceptance of Cash Deposit (Bank Operations – Branch)
Submit Receive
Fill-out the deposit slip Submit
duplicate
deposit slip and cash to defficiency
deposit slip
Teller
Client
Client
arrives
w/
cash
for
deposit
Raise to
No client
Handling of
counterfeit notes
+
Case 1: ABC Board Enterprises – Order to Cash
ABC Board Enterprises is a company that sells machine parts to manufacturing companies. Like
most organizations, ABC Board Enterprises practices the order to cash process. This process
refers to how a company receives and processes customer sales. The order to cash process of
the company involves the customer, a sales representative, and a warehouse staff.
The order to cash process begins when a customer contacts the sales representative of ABC
Board Enterprises to inquire regarding the machine parts they offer. Based on their discussion,
the sales representative then sends the customer a quotation. When the customer decides to
order parts from the company, they send a Purchase Order. The sales representative then
receives the purchase order, and forwards it to the warehousing staff to check if the parts are
available. If the items are in stock, the sales representative confirms the customer’s order
before proceeding to ship the goods, and create pertinent documents. On the other hand, if
items are not available, the sales representative informs the customer. A new purchase order
may be placed, or the customer opts to cancel the order.
When the customer confirms an order, the sales representative generates pertinent documents
such as the delivery receipt, sales invoice, and official receipt. Once this is done, the sales
representative hands over the customer’s copy of pertinent documents to the warehouse staff,
and notifies them that the order is ready to be shipped. The process of order shipment is not in
the scope of the order to cash process.
Create a BPMN Diagram of the Order to Cash process of ABC Company using Microsoft Visio.
ABC Order to Cash