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> WHY BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS (BIPV)?
› BUILDING INTERGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS
of global warming and environmental devastation. not need more energy over their entire life than they Solar
Hot Energy Gains (PV)
Water
Electricity for Building Services
The objective is to replace the use of fossil fuel energy can produce. For this reason our buildings need to be 1L Oil ≈ 1m3 Natural Gas ≈ 10kWh
Electricity for Household demand
converted from energy users to energy producers!
®
the direction of rational energy use. In the domain
Energy-Surplus-House
250 1L Oil ≈ 1m3 Natural Gas ≈ 10kWh
Passive-Solar-House
of building construction, this leads to new legislation Steps in this direction are:
frameworks and radical changes in how we design 1. Conserve as much energy as possible
300
in Germany today)
“Low-Energy-
“Low-Energy- Standard”
®
150
Energy-Surplus-House
our buildings.
EnEv 2001
2. Increase energy efficiency 250
Passive-Solar-House
100
Design strategies and techniques to make use 3. Use active solar systems, such as solar thermal 200 50
in Germany today)
of solar energy and cut down total energy demand
EnEv 2001
are under development worldwide. Many “zero energy”
Energy gains
100
kWh/(m 2a)
homes and offices have already been built. BIPV systems are able to contribute significantly 50
On an average year these buildings do not need to meet the goal of true sustainable building design.
copyright 2007 ©www.architekturburo-hagemann.de
any outside sources of energy while they are in use. Electricity will be the only power source needed
Energy gains
kWh/(m 2a)
However, energy is still required to construct the in our future sustainable buildings. A building integrated
buildings and to pull them down at the end of PV system is therefore a future-oriented investment!
their lifetime.
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copyright 2007 ©www.architekturburo-hagemann.de
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PV buildings products can be truly multifunctional.
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Our built environment allows for many kinds › Pitched Roofs
of PV applications to be integrated into different PV modules can easily be fixed on top of pitched roofs.
parts of the building fabric. PV is applied to: This type of low-cost application is often used
› Roofs for private homes and existing roofs and is known as
› External building walls Building Adapted PV (BAPV). A more elegant way
› Semi-transparent façades to integrate PV is to use PV Shingles or PV Tiles.
› Skylights The PV module is mounted like any shingle or tile
› Shading systems and the work can be carried out by a roofing contractor.
› Flat Roofs
› Roofs
Flat roofs have the advantage of good accessibility,
Roofs are ideally suited for PV integration. Usually easy installation and provide a free choice for
there is less shadowing at roof height than at ground the orientation of the PV units. Care must be taken
level. Roofs often provide a large, unused surface during the fixing of the array to avoid breaking
for integration. A distinction between pitched the integrity of the roof. The added weight of the PV
and flat roofs must be made. array on the roof must be considered, as must
the uplifting force of the wind, which can blow
› Herne Hill school, UK - www.solarcentury.com
the modules away.
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› BIPV systems are highly reliable in the long term. ›P
V modules, unlike any other building materials, PV is ready for many building applications today.
The average guarantee for this type of building produce energy and therefore allow a building owner In the long term it will become indispensable.
product is 20-25 years. to recover the initial cost of their investment.
Heating The debates of the past, often emotionally charged,
› P V will be cost competitive with retail electricity Hot Water frequently overestimated the short-term potential
Electricity for Building Services
prices in Southern Europe by 2015. Central and Electricity for Houshold demand
of Building Integrated Photovoltaics. Today the long-
Northern Europe will follow five to ten years later. Solar Energy Gains (PV) term potential of BIPV in the building sector
› The energy-payback time of PV systems is between 1L Oil ≈ 1m3 Natural Gas ≈ 10kWh is still underestimated!
1 and 3 years depending on cell type and location. with PV By designing buildings as power suppliers
“Low-Energy- Standard”
mandatory for the new houses
Existing Building Stock
Energy-Surplus-House
› PV modules is a strategic business area 250 a vision of a city that powers itself without emissions
Passive-Solar-House
Laminated glass
with very high growth potential, especially in200 Parapet Unit is in reach. Innovative built examples, such as
in Germany today)
the building sector. 150 Heat Insulated Glass with low-e-coating
the “Solarsiedlung am Schlierberg”, in Freiburg,
Laminated glass screen printed
EnEv 2001
› T he Average Economic Pay back time of a PV100 system Standard PV-Modules
Germany, provides already the proof, that it will
is about 10 years when adapted support schemes 50
are Laminated glass with low-e-coating and PV be possible to put such a vision into practice on a
Louvers
in place. Afterwards, the annual return of investment Heat Insulated Glass with PV
large scale.
is approximately 7% of the initial investment.
Energy gains
Marble
kWh/(m 2a)
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copyright 2007 ©www.architekturburo-hagemann.de
> Further information resources
› BUILDING INTERGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS
› Webpages › Books
ARCHITEKTURBÜRO HAGEMANN › Abbate, Cinzia (Ed.) "L'integrazione architettonica del fotovoltaico: experienze
www.gipv.de compiute". "Progetti dal Case Studies report del Task 7, International Energy
European Photovoltaic Industry Association Agency". Roma: Gangemi Editore. 2002. ISBN 88-492-0336-5
www.epia.org › Bouwmeester, Henk. "Bouwen op de zon. Eindeloze energie in een duurzame wijk/
European Photovoltaic Technology Platform (Fact Sheets) Building Solar Suburbs. Renewable energy in a sustainable city".
www.eupvplatform.org Boxtel: Æneas. 1999. ISBN 90-75365-19-5
EU Sunrise project › DGS (Ed.). "Planning and installing photovoltaic systems: a guide for installers,
www.pvsunrise.eu architects and engineers". London: James & James / Earthscan. 2005.
IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) › Hagemann, Ingo B. "Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik. Architektonische Integration
www.iea-pvps-task10.org der Photovoltaik in die Gebäudehülle". Köln, Rudolf Müller. 2002.
International Energy Agency (IEA) ISBN 3-481-01776-6
www.pvdatabase.com › Humm, Ottmar; Toggweiler, Peter. "Photovoltaik und Architektur - Die Integration
PV Database von Solarzellen in Gebäudehüllen". Basel: Birkhäuser. 1993. ISBN 3-7643-2891
www.pvdatabase.org › Prasad, Deo; Snow, Mark. (Ed.) "Designing With Solar Power".
Mulgrave: Images Publishing. ISBN 1-876907-17-7
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> Credits & Contacts
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ARCHITEKTURBÜRO HAGEMANN European Photovoltaic Industry Association
Architects and BIPV-Consultants Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Fraile Montoro
Dr.-Ing. Ingo B. Hagemann Marie Latour
Hubertusstrasse 18 Renewable Energy House
D-52064 Aachen - Germany Rue d’ Arlon 63-65
info@gipv.de 1040 Brussels - Belgium
www.gipv.de d.fraile@epia.org
m.latour@epia.org
www.epia.org
WIP-Renewable Energies
Dipl.-Ing. Ingrid Weiss
Dipl.-Ing. Silvia Caneva
Sylvensteinstrasse 2 European Photovoltaic Technology Platform
81369 Muenchen - Germany Renewable Energy House
ingrid.weiss@wip-munich.de Rue d’ Arlon 63-65
silvia.caneva@wip-munich.de 1040 Brussels - Belgium
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www.wip-munich.de www.eupvplatfom.org
› BUILDING INTERGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS
www.blisscommunication.com
This brochure has been prepared and published in the frame of the European SUNRISE Project
in collaboration with the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform, and financed by
The 6th European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development.
PV Sunrise partners are:
› EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association
› WIP - Renewable Energies
› FIEC - European Construction Industry Federation
› AIE - European Association of Electrical Contractors
design: