BCLS (BASIC CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT)

“SECONDARY SURVEY OF THE VICTIM”

BY

GROUP SIX

1. ANAK AGUNG ISTRI GUNAWATI (10.321.0939)

2. KADEK AYU ASTRI NOVITASARI (10.321.0959)

3. LUH PUTU WIDIATMINI (10.321.0965)

4. LUH YULIA ADININGSIH (10.321.0966)

5. NI KOMANG SULISTYAWATI (10.321.0972)

6. NI PUTU WIDYA SANTIKA DEWI (10.321.0979)

STIKES WIRAMEDIKA PPNI BALI

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

2013

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 FOREWORD

Thank God we pray to the presence of Almighty God for His blessings and grace of
Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, we can complete the task subjects NURSING IV of this paper
under the title Basic Cardiac Life Support”Secondary survey of the victim” in a timely
manner. Our thanks to the lecturers who have helped us in the completion of this paper.
Thanks also to all members of the group that has helped both in search of data and in the
process of preparing this paper. We realize that this paper is far from perfect. For that all
criticism and suggestions for improvements are expected to build the preparation of the next
paper. Hopefully this paper can be useful for authors and readers.

Denpasar,March 22nd 2012

Arrange

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 CONTENTS

FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................................ii

CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................iii

CHAPTER I.........................................................................................................................................iii

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................iii

A. BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................iii

B. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEM..................................................................................................iii

C. PURPOSE..............................................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................1

A. Definition......................................................................................................................................1

B. The Emergency Action Principles Are:....................................................................................1

C. The secondary survey has three basic steps:........................................................................2

D. Tips & Warnings.........................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER III.......................................................................................................................................9

CONCLUDE........................................................................................................................................9

A. CONCLUSSION.........................................................................................................................9

B. SUGGESTION...........................................................................................................................9

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Last year the American Heart Association (AHA), in the journal Circulation,
published 2 November 2010, publish guidelines Resucitation Cardiopulmonary (CPR)
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care in 2010. As we all know, scientists and health
practitioners continue to evaluate the CPR or the more we are familiar with Cardiac
Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and published every 5 years.

Conducted a thorough evaluation of the order and priority includes the steps of
CPR and adapted to today's scientific advances to identify factors that have the
greatest impact on survival. On the basis of the strength of available evidence, they
develop a recommendation that the results showed the most promising.

Recommendation 2010 Guidelines confirm the safety and effectiveness of

many approaches, acknowledge ineffectiveness of others, and introducing new
treatments based on an intensive evaluation of evidence and consensus of experts.
The presence of this new recommendation is not to suggest that earlier guidelines is
unsafe or ineffective, but rather to refine the previous recommendation.

B. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEM

1. What is Definition of Secondary Survey?

2. What is The Emergency Action Principles?
3. What is The basic steps of secondary survey?
4. What is the Tips & Warnings?

C. PURPOSE

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1. To know the Definition of Secondary Survey
2. To know the Emergency Action Principles.
3. To know the basic steps of secondary survey.
4. To know the Tips & Warnings.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition

Survey of Secondary (Secondary Survey), which can only be performed by trained

medical and paramedical personnel and is a continuation of the primary survey.

B. The Emergency Action Principles Are:

1. Survey the scene.

2. Conduct a primate survey and care for life-threatening problems.

3. Conduct a secondary survey, when appropriate and care for additional problems.

These actions, done in this order, can ensure your safety and that of the victim's
chance of survival.

CHECK A SECONDARY SURVEY

If you find any life-threatening conditions during the primary survey, do not waste
time with the secondary survey .Check the airway, breathing, circulation at regular intervals,
and provide care only for the life- threatening conditions. Once you are certain that there are
no life- threatening conditions needing attention, you can begin the secondary survey. The
secondary survey is a systematic method of finding other injuries or conditions that may
need care. These are injuries or conditions that are not immediately life- threatening but
could become so if not attended to. To establish a complete picture, you need to obtain the
history of the incident, the symptoms described by the victim and any additional signs that
you may observe. For example, you might find possible broken bones, minor bleeding, or a
specific medical condition such as epilepsy.

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C. The secondary survey has three basic steps:

1. Question the victim and bystanders.

2. Check the vital signs (respiratioan, blood pressure, tempreture, heart beat)

3. Do a head-to-toe examination.

Instructions

1. Head

 Look at and feel the injured person's head and face, and note any abrasions,
bruising, fluids in the nose or ears, depressions of the skull, or damage to the
eyes. (See "How to Conduct a Secondary Survey of the Head During First
Aid.")

2. Neck, Torso and Pelvis

 Look at and feel the neck for any tenderness, bruising or deformity. (See
"How to Conduct a Secondary Survey of the Neck, Spine and Back During
First Aid.")

 Look at and feel the shoulders, collarbone, chest and abdomen. Note any
asymmetries, tenderness or bruising. (See "How to Conduct a Secondary
Survey of the Chest and Abdomen During First Aid.")

 Slide your hand carefully under the injured person, and feel along the back
and spine for any tenderness, pain, bleeding or irregularities. (See "How to
Conduct a Secondary Survey of the Neck, Spine and Back During First Aid.")

 Press on both of the protruding bones in the pelvis and see if there is any
pain or deformity.

3. Arms, Legs and Feet

 Look and feel along the injured person's arms and legs for any bruising or
deformity.

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  Check the pulse in both wrists and at the top of each foot, and see if the pulse
is the same in each place.

 Scratch both hands and feet and ask the injured person if he or she can feel
the sensation.

 Ask the injured person to move his or her arms, legs, fingers and toes, and
check for a full range of motion.

D. Tips & Warnings

 Make sure you are able to see the skin when examining the injured person,
especially when checking the torso and limbs. Ask the injured person if you may look
under or remove clothing, and do so in the presence of another person. If the exam is
being conducted in a public setting, make every effort to shield the injured person
from the sight of others when examining underneath clothing.
 Be careful not to jostle the patient while carrying out the exam, and avoid moving
joints or limbs that are resistant. Movement may cause further injury.

 An injured person may be distracted by one injury and oblivious to other, more life-
threatening injuries. Be careful to complete a thorough head-to-toe exam, and make
sure that you're not distracted by the injured person's preoccupation.

 If you have specific medical conditions or concerns, we recommend you contact a

physician. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical
advice or treatment.

A head-to-toe exam in first aid is important for identifying any physical or

emotional trauma to a person. When done properly, the assessment can help prevent
any further injury and aide you in identifying any steps you can take to make the
injured person more comfortable until emergency services personnel arrive.

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Steps

1. Put on a pair of gloves before performing your head-to-toe assessment

This will prevent the spread of disease through contact with body fluids such
as blood, urine or vomit. If the body fluids of an infected individual enter through a
break in your skin, there is a possibility of contracting a disease.

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2. Verify the injured person's level of consciousness and orientation

First, note if he is awake and alert by verifying that his eyes are open and
focused. Ask the individual to tell you his name, where he is at, what the date is and
what he was doing before he was injured. If he can answer you properly, he is
conscious. If not, there is possibility he has suffered some cognitive damage.

3. Observe the injured person's head for proper shape and symmetry

Abnormalities in this region can be a sign of damage to the skull, or swelling

in the brain. If the patient is conscious, whisper in his ear to check for hearing
loss. Check his nose for any breaks or drainage. Observe the patients mouth for
cuts, broken teeth and blood.

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4. Look at the condition of the person's skin

Check for cuts, scrapes, redness, bruising and irritation, as these can be
signs of physical trauma. Take note of the color, temperature and moisture content of
this skin.

5. Check the person's chest for swelling and lumps by pressing gently on it

Make sure that her chest is rising and falling to ensure she is taking deep
breaths. Listen for a strong heartbeat and any abnormal sounds such as wheezing.

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6. Palpate the 4 quadrants of the person's abdomen

You are checking for tenderness, swelling and lumps. Place your head close
to the abdomen and listen for any abnormal sounds, such as gurgling.

7. Assess the person's capillary refill by pressing on their fingernail

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 The fingernail will turn white when pressed and will immediately turn pink
again if proper circulation is present. Check the pulse at the wrist and take note of it.

8. Exam the bones of the arms and legs to check for breakage

Place a hand on each side of the limb and press inward, checking for flexing
of the bone. Ask the person if they feel any pain when pressing. Do not press on
areas where there is obvious protrusion of the bone as it can do more damage.

Tips

 It is recommended for parents to learn how to conduct a head-to-toe exam during

first aid. This can identify childhood injuries that may have occurred when playing
sports or performing other physical activities.

Warnings

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  Before performing a head-to-toe assessment you must ask the person for permission
to help them. If the person is unconscious, permission is implied. If the patient is a
child, and his parent is present, you must ask the parent for permission. If you help a
person without first asking him, or his parent, you are at risk for being sued.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUDE

A. CONCLUSSION

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  Survey of Secondary (Secondary Survey), which can only be performed by
trained medical and paramedical personnel and is a continuation of the
primary survey.
 The secondary survey is a systematic method of finding other injuries or
conditions that may need care. These are injuries or conditions that are not
immediately life- threatening but could become so if not attended to.
 The secondary survey has three basic steps: Question the victim and
bystanders, Check the vital signs (respiratioan, blood pressure, tempreture,
heart beat) and Do a head-to-toe examination.

 A head-to-toe exam in first aid is important for identifying any physical or

emotional trauma to a person. When done properly, the assessment can help
prevent any further injury and aide you in identifying any steps you can take
to make the injured person more comfortable until emergency services
personnel arrive.

B. SUGGESTION

As a nurse we are required to be able to handle the case of emergency, so

that emergency action by learning the principles of survey the scene as emergency
basis is expected to help us be more responsive to patients based on a true science.
To the readers might have formed the basis of further research.

REFERENCES

http://www.slideshare.net/abimanyuhandoko/ppgd-2012 ( Di akses tgl 20 Maret

2013 )

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http://www.slideshare.net/davejaymanriquez/module-2-guidelines-in-giving-
emergency-care ( Di akses tgl 20 Maret 2013 )

http://www.scribd.com/doc/75222521/Makalah-RJP-2010 ( Di akses tgl 20 Maret

2013)

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