LECTURE 1

THE EARTH – THE UNIVERSAL SOURCE OF ALL RAW MATERIALS.

RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS

AIR N2, O2, CO2
Rare gases Industrial gases
SEA Salt Water, NaCl CHEMICAL PROCESS Fertilizers
NaBr, NaI,Coral ,sand NaOH,Cl2 ,Br2
Water,NaOH,Cl2 ∞
Au,Ag,Pt,Cu, Zn
GROUND Mineral ores ,clay Hg,Al,Salts,
Petroleum/ gas Pharmaceuticals.
Trees, agric products, Refined & cracked
Biomass petroleum products,
Petrochemicals
.
Pulp&Paper, Boards,
Cellulose synthetics,
HEAT & CATALYSTS Ethanol .

EXAMPLE:

CRUDE OIL Refining PMS, KERO, AGO BENZENE CYCLOHEXANE

BLACK RESIDUE
CRACKING
XYLENE OTHER PET

LDPE, HDPE PS,

POLYMERS SOLVENTS
PVC, PP & SPECIALTY
OTHERS CHEMICALS

PHENOL PHARMACEUTICALS
FINE ORGANIC/
PETROCHEMICALS&
SYNTHETICS
AIRPLANE WINDOWS
POLYCARBONATE BIS- PHENOL A
EYE GLASSES, BABY
BOTTLES, HELMETS