Shooting Script

Lines Footage
-Montage of film history- -Montage of film history-
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-Interview- -Interview-
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The Kinetoscope is an early Photos and video sequence of

motion picture display method. kinescope
The Kinetoscope was designed for
films to be viewed by one person
at a time through
a peephole viewer window at the
top of the machine. The
Kinetoscope was not a
film projector, however it did
introduce the basic method that
would become the standard for
all cinematic projection before
the advent of video. It created
the illusion of movement by
conveying a strip of perforated
film bearing sequential images
over a light source with a high-
speed shutter.

What about film editting?

To find the roots of editing we
need to go back in time over 100 archive footage of 1910 and 1910
years ago to The start of the editing
20th century with the
introduction of a technique
called cross cutting. Cross
cutting was a big advance in the
development of editing and was
adopted in the film Life of an
American Fireman released in
1903 Archive footage of Life of a
fireman
in "Life of a American fireman"
Porter used cross cutting
to increase tension for the
audience. He tried to make
them feel worried for the people
stuck in a burning house by
creating doubt as to whether the
fire men would get there in
time. Porter also used editing
techniques to develop an
emotional response. Porter’s
techniques were very different
from any other editors.

One of the most successful films

to be made in the early history
of the film industry was The
Great Train Robbery (1903). This
was the first narrative film and
was very popular amongst
audiences. Its success boosted
the industry as it was realised
that film could become
commercially viable.

The film used a number of

innovative techniques, many of
them for the first time,
including parallel editing,
minor camera movement, location
shooting and less stage-bound
camera placement. Jump-cuts or
cross-cuts were a new,
sophisticated editing technique,
showing two separate lines of
action or events happening
continuously at identical times
but in different places. The
film is intercut from the
bandits beating up the telegraph
operator to the operator's
daughter discovering her father,
to the operator's recruitment of
a dance hall posse, to the
bandits being pursued, and
splitting up the booty and
having a final shoot-out.

Furthermore the film shows the

first pan shots, and the use of
an ellipsis. Rather than follow
the telegraph operator to the
dance, the film cut directly to
the dance where the telegraph
operator enters.
Finally it was also the first
film in which gunshots forced
someone to dance an often
repeated action in many
westerns. Concluding with the
shock of the fireman (replaced
by a dummy with a jump cut in
scene four) being thrown off the
moving train was a first time in
film history

Jumping forward by 15 years the

world has broken out Archive footage of propaganda
into chaos Germany and Austria advert
otherwise known as the Central
Powers have invaded France and
Belgium causing fighting to
break out over the
western front. This war was the
first to be fort by weapons but
also by the use of
propaganda with each sides using
the power of film and editing to
encourage new soldiers to enrol Archive footage of WW1
into what they would believe to
be a gracious war. Many people
were tricked into enrolment by
falsified footage of the
western front that had been
edited to glorify the fighting
and increase moral at home.
These exact methods were the
further developed during the
breakout of world war 2 where a
key part of moral at home came
from the film industry.
Moving on to 1932, Technicolor
made a comeback with a three- Image sequence of the
strip method that included a Technicolour Camera
"three-color beam splitter and a
third strip of film, so that
each matrix—red, blue, green—had
its own separation negative".
With the aid of a mirror and Animated diagram of how the
prisms, the image was rendered Camera works
simultaneously onto three
different emulsion film strips.

2 years later in 1934 the

world's first academy award Archive footage of academy award
dedicated to the best editor was
awarded to the movie "eskimo"
otherwise known as Mala the
Magnificent (1933) edited by
Conrad A. Nervig. Eskimo was a
film About "The happy life of an
Eskimo is disastrously changed
when he mingles with an
unscrupulous white trader."
Finally the importance of
editing in film production has
begun to be recognised.

Different
Techniques
Since the first edits Editors
have manipulated film to create
unreal visual anomalies Montage of different technique’s
otherwise known as an effect.
Original editing effects such
as...

Jump Cuts
This is a cut that pushes Example of a jump cut
forward in time. It’s normally
done within the same frame or
composition, and many times it’s
used within montages. Here’s an
example of jump cuts in little
shop of horrors.

Montage
A montage is an editing Example of montage
technique that, again, signifies
the passage of time or helps to
give an overall context to the
story with quick cuts. You will
often see athletes training or
preparing for a big match in
montages, but it can really be
used for almost any
transformation by any
character(s), and is normally
underscored by music.

Cross Dissolve Example of Cross Dissolve

A cross dissolve can serve
several purposes and motivations
within the story. It can signify
a passage of time or it can use
the overlapping “layers” or
dissolves to show multiple
stories or scenes happening at
once, but shot at different
times.

Cutaway shot Example of cutaway shot

Cutaways are shots that take
viewers away from the main
characters or action. They give
extra context to the scene, and
can create more tension and
build up. The example below
shows the inclusion of pop tart
to increase tension. The cutaway
shots bring the whole thing
together, in particular the
cutaway at the end, which is the
pop tarts popping out of the
toaster.
 Example of Parallel Editing
Parallel editing
This type of editing is when you
cut between two different scenes
that are happening at the same
time in different places. It can
be great for adding tension
(heist movies use a lot of
parallel editing, like showing
someone breaking into a safe
while a security guard walks
toward their location).

How has
technology
developed?
Footage and images sequence of
entering the 1950's there is an the VTR editor
increasing demand for a more
user friendly method of Editing
film so in 1956 Ampex Corp
Released the VTR Tape
editor system, this had multiple
setbacks such as it could only
process footage black and BBC Video tape editing footage
white, Emmy-award winning editor
Arthur Schneider was involved in
developing videotape editing
while employed at NBC in the
late 1950s. He describes
splicing 2-inch videotape as
requiring perfect eyesight, a
sharp razor blade and a lot of
guts. Advert for the CMX600 editor
The VTR system was promptly
updated 20 years later by the
release of the CMX600 it was the
first fully digitalised editing
system featuring 2 touch screen
monitors for a preview and
active edit frames and multiple
effects and cuts
available However a disadvantage
of this system was that only
5 minutes could be stored on one
disk and it was
very pricey investment. Footage and image sequence of
premier pro 1.0
The next leap in editing
advances came in 1991, when
adobe Released Premier Pro, an
editing software that was
compatible with both mac and
windows PC's. This milestone
gave everyday people the ability
to create a professional edit
without spending vast amounts of
money. In recent years this
software has updated and adapted
to accommodate the complex
effects that films require
today.

CGI
CGI stands for Computer
Generated Imagery this includes
anything that appears in a movie
that is not actually there

What do editors
think are the
most important
skills?
"The editor has the most
objective eye in that creative
environment." - Steven Spielberg

"Editing is manipulation. We're

manipulating reality as the
audience sees it." - Michael
Kahn

Sam O Steen who was a film

editor for over 45 years.

i could be the fastest. i can

cut a film in 2 weeks and doctor
one in a matter of days

How do you account for that?

I go by my first instincts. the
Film basically tells me where to
cut so I make very quick
decisions about what I am going
to do

Lets have a look at what others

say :
Thelma schoonmaker - talking
about editing Raging Bull & Wolf
of Wall Street working with
Scorcase

the future of
editing
with exponential technical
development in the industry such
as 3D effects and Virtual
Reality editing still has far to
go.