History of pnp/phil history/CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Cebu – Island of ZUGBO, Humabon in waging a battle against a
History of PNP
RA 6975- “An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police
Under e Reorganized Department of the Department of the Interior
and Local Government and for Other Purposes” ended the
existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
National Police. Amended by RA 8551.
PNP- Country’s Police Force
NAPOLCOM- The Agency that Supervise, Administer and
Controlled the PNP.
8551- “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998” Amended
by RA 9708.
IAS- Internal Affairs Service, the watchdog of the PNP. It is an
organization within the structure of the PNP.
Organic Act 175- creating insular police force. “An Act providing
for the organization of an insular Constabulary and for the
inspection of the Municipal police.
Cesar P. Nazareno – First Police Director General/ PNP Chief.
Raul S. Imperial - Second Police Director General/ PNP Chief.
Umberto R. Rodriguez - Third Police Director General/ PNP
Chief, Appointed by President Fidel V. Ramos.
Kempetai- Japanese police force ruled in the Philippines.
Manila Police Department (MPD) – created during the first
American Occupation renamed into “Metropolitan Constabulary”
under the Bureau of Constabulary. By virtue of Act Nr. 183 of the
Philippine Commission.
Insular Police Force – established during the Filipino American
War upon recommendation of the Philippine Commission to the
Secretary of War.
Insular Constabulary – created by virtue Act. Nr. 175
Capt. George Curry – US Army officer appointed by TAFT
COMMISSION and the 1st CHIEF OF POLICE of MPD.
Capt. Columbus Piatt – the Last American COP of MPD.
October 3, 1901 – Insular constabulary was changed to Philippine
Constabulary by virtue of Act Nr. 225
Brig/Gen. Henry T. Allen – 1st Chief of Philippine Constabulary.
Father of PC.
Brig/Gen. Rafael T. Crame – 1st Filipino COP of PC.
Col. Antonio C. Torres – 1st Filipino COP when Manila Police
Department became an all Filipino Organization
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – a US Provost Marshall who was named
MPD COP just after Manila Liberation.
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – 1st COP of MPD appointed by Pres.
Roxas under the Republic Government.
RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966, police commission under office of
the president of the Philippines. This law gives birth to
NAPOLCOM
RA 6040 – amended certain section of RA 2260 known as the
Civil Service Act of 1969.
PD 765 – PC/INP Law. Establishing and constituted the Integrated
national police which shall be composed of PC as the nucleus and
the integrated police forces (fire and jail department) as
components.
PD 1184 – The Integrated National Police Personnel
Professionalization Act of 1977.
Article XVI Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution – The state
shall established and maintain one police force, which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, to be administer and
controlled by the NAPOLCOM.
RA 541 – Police Pension Law
PD 1184 – Police Professionalization Law of 1977, gives birth to
the PNPA.
EO 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision
on INP from Ministry on National Defense (MND) to the
NAPOLCOM.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Philippines – Pearl of the Orient, comprises more than 7,100
islands.
1898 – The Spanish-American War ended.
Martial Law – imposed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Pearl Harbor- the Japanese surprise attack in America
Clark field in Pampanga- bombing mission of Japanese in the
Philippines.
Hiroshima & Nagasaki – City in Japan wherein the American Air
Force drops a Nuclear Bomb.
People Power Movement – 4 day protest in Manila, in EDSA
Ferdinand Magellan – 1st recorded European contact with the
Philippine Island.
rival chieftain, Lapu-Lapu of Mactan. The Capital of the new
Spanish colony.
1565 – 1st Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established
on cebu by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.
Rajah Soliman – controlled an area of Luzon. The NEW Capital
of the Spanish colony.
KKK – kataastaasan kagalang galang na katipunan ng mga anak
ng bayan, KATIPUNAN, organized by Andres Bonifacio.
Biac-na-bato – a place that in negotiated truce.
Treaty of Paris – Peace negotiation between spain and the United
States.
William Howard Taft – President of United States appointed
General MacArthur to rule and govern the Philippines.
Deep-water harbor – at subic bay, major anchorage for the US
naval fleet.
Jones Act – instituted an elected Philippine senate and
compromised eventual independence.
Franklin D. Roosevelt – New President of US who supports the
Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 stipulated that the Philippines
would become an independent republic on July 4, 1946.
HUKBALAHAPS- hukbong ng bayan laban sa hapon
1944 – Osmenia succeeded Quezon, who died in the US.
April 1946- Roxas became the 1st president of the new republic.
April 1948 – Roxas died and was succeeded by Vice President
Quirino, who won presidency in 1949.
Luis Taruc – HUKS Leader.
1953- Magsaysay was the clear winner in the presidential election.
March 1957 – Magsaysay died in plane crash and was succeeded
by his vice president Carlos Garcia, and was elected president in
his own right in November 1957.
1961 - Diosdado Macapagal win the presidency.
1965 – election gave to presidency to Ferdinand E. Marcos. The
1st president who win a second term.
September 21, 1972 – President Ferdinand E. Marcos Proclaimed
Martial Law by virtue of Proclamation No. 1081.
EDSA – epifanio de los Santos Avenue
Mendiola Massacre – government security forces opened fire on
the protester and killed 20 people.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Criminal – is a person convicted of a crime by a final judgment
Suspect – arrested for the commission of a crime and he is in the
law enforcement stage.
Respondent – in the prosecution stage
Accused – in court
Criminal or Convict or Inmate – in correction
Ex-convict – in the community
Crime - is an act or omission punishable by law, forbidding or
commanding it.
Felony – crime punishable by Revised Penal Code (RA.3815)
Offense – crime punishable by special penal laws.
Misdemeanor or Violation or Obstruction of Ordinance – crime
punishable by municipal or city ordinances
Justice – is the act of rendering what are due or treating persons
equally.
System – is a combination of related elements organized into a
complex prevention and control of crime.
Criminal Justice System – is the machinery which the society
uses in prevention and control crime.
Law Enforcement –First component and pillar of the CJS. They
are called the police, conducts arrest, search seizures, etc. The
prime mover or front liner of the CJS. (also BIR) They are the one
who file complaint.
Prosecution – conducts preliminary investigation to determine the
existence of probable cause. The one who file information.
Court – conducts trial to determine whether the accused is guilty
or innocent of the charge. The arbiter of Justice. The “cornerstone”
or “centerpiece” of the CJS.
Correction– reforms and rehabilitates the offenders. This is
known as the weakest pillar in CJS.
Community – molds persons from birth and reintegrates offender
back to their home. This is the core of the CJS.
Teodulo Natividad – introduced CJS in the Philippines
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Public Relation – is the act of bringing about better understanding
, confidence, and acceptance of an individual or an organization.
Police Community Relation – is defined as the sum total dealings
of the police with the people it serves and whose goodwill and
cooperation it craves for to insure the greatest possible efficiency
in the public service.
Police Public Relation – is the continuing process by which
endeavors are made to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the
public for the effective enforcement of the law and the
accomplishment of police purpose.
Human Relation – consists of fundamental precepts, both moral
and legal which governs the relationship among men in all aspects
of life.
Crime – Desire + Opportunity (to commit a crime) over
Resistance (not to commit a crime)
Arrest – is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may
bound to answer for the commission of an offense.
Warrant of Arrest – is an order in writing issued in the name of
People of the Philippines, signed by the judge and directed to a
peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person or persons stated
therein and deliver them before the court.
Inflagrante Delicto – caught in the act of committing a crime
Search Warrant - is an order in writing issued in the name of
People of the Philippines, signed by the judge and directed to a
peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property
described therein and deliver them before the court.
Custodial Investigation – is any questioning initiated by law
enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody of
otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way.
Miranda Rights – Miranda vs. Arizona, Constitutional Rights of
persons under investigation for the commission of an offense.
Doctrine of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree – any evidence
illegally obtained is not admissible in any proceeding.
Confession – direct acknowledgement of guilt.
Admission - indirect acknowledgement of guilt.
RA 7438 – An Act Defining certain rights of person arrested,
detained, or under custodial investigation as well as the duties of
the arresting, detaining and investigating officers, and providing
penalties for violation thereof.
PROSECUTION
Inquest Proceeding - is a proceeding done by the inquest
prosecutor to determine the validity of a warrantless arrest.
Preliminary Investigation – is an inquiry held for the purpose of
ascertaining whether or not probable cause is present.
Probable Cause – is the existence of sufficient ground to
engender well founded belief that a crime has been committed and
the respondent is probably guilty thereof.
RA 9344 – Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006.
Complaint – is a sworn written statement charging a person with
an offense, subscribed by the offended party, any peace officer, or
other public officer charged with the enforcement of the law
violated.
Information – is an accusation in writing charging a person with
an offense, subscribed by the prosecutor and filed in court.
COURT
Judge – is an officer so named in his commission who presides in
some court; a public officer, appointed to preside to and administer
the law in a court of justice.
Jurisdiction – is the power and authority to hear, try, and decide a
case.
Certification Against Forum Shopping – the complainant,
plaintiff, or principal party shall certify under oath in his complaint
or other initiatory pleading asserting a claim of relief.
Arraignment – is made in an open court by the judge or clerk
furnishing the accused of the copy of the complaint of information,
reading the same in a language or dialect known to him, and
asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
Bail – is a security given for the release of a person in custody of
the law, furnish by him or a bondsman, to guarantee his
appearance before any court as required under the conditions
specified by law.
Recognizance – is the release of the defendant on the custody of a
responsible member of the community who shall guarantee his
appearance whenever required by the court.
Proof beyond Reasonable Doubt – is the degree of proof which
produces conviction in an unprejudiced mind.
Preponderance of Evidence – means that the testimony adduced
by one side is more credible and conclusive that the other.
Substantial Evidence – is the relevant evidence which the
reasonable mind might accepts as adequate to support a
conclusion.
Quash – literally to put stop. It is the act of formally declaring that
the law or a court’s verdict is invalid.
Trial – is the examination before a competent tribunal, according
to the laws of the land, of the facts and issue of the case, for the
purpose of determining such issue.
Alibi – is an averment that the person was at another place for
such a period of time that it was impossible for him to have been at
the place where the act was committed at the time of its
commission.
Judgment – is adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty
or not guilty of the offense charged and the imposition of him of
the proper penalty and civil liability, if any.
Appeal – is a resort to a superior court to review the decision of an
inferior court or administrative agency.
CORRECTION
Prisoners – are those convicted by final judgment.
Detainees – are those undergoing investigation/trial, or awaiting
trial/sentence.
Department of Justice – it holds the Bureau of Prisons
Old Bilibid Prison – at present Manila City Jail.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) – administer at
the city and municipal jails. It is under the (DILG) Department of
Interior and Local Government.
Provincial Jail – administer by Provincial Government
Prisons – administered by (BuCor) Bureau of Correction, deprived
of their liberty for more than 3 years.
Jails – are housing persons who are deprived of their liberty for
not more than 3 years.
Probation – is a disposition under which a defendant, after
conviction and sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed
by the court and under the supervision of a probation officer.
Interlocutory Order – is one which does not finally determine a
cause of action but only decides some intervening matter
pertaining to the cause.
Pardon – is an executive clemency granted by the President/Chief
Executive. Pardoning Power of the President
Amnesty – is an act of sovereign power granting oblivion or
general pardon for a past offense usually granted in favor of
certain classes of persons who have committed crimes of political
character, such as character, such as treason, sedition, and
rebellion.
Parole – is the suspension of sentence of a convict after having
served the minimum sentence imposed without granting pardon,
prescribing the terms of the suspension.
Commutation – is an act of the President reducing the penalty of
a convict.
Reprieve and Suspension – the temporary stay or postponement
of sentence.
COMMUNITY
Community – is a group of persons living I a particular place.
Home – Cradle of human personality
Marriage – is a special contract of permanent union between a
man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family life. Is a social union or legal
contract between people that creates kinship.
School – is an institution or place for instruction or education.
Church – is the religious society founded and established by Jesus
Christ to receive, preserve, and propagate His doctrines and
ordinances.
Government – is the organization, or agency through which a
political unit exercises its authority, controls and administers
public policy, and directs and controls the actions of its members
or subjects.