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SCIH025061: Unit 4 Evaluation

Student ID: G73255431 Course ID: SC IH025061
Student Name: Altamimi, Abdulaziz Course Name: Biology 1

Evaluation ID: 4
Evaluation Name: Unit 4 Evaluation
Grade: A+
Percentage: 100%
Date Graded: 08/24/2014

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Unit 4 Evaluation
Biology 1 (SCIH 025 061)

When you feel you are adequately prepared, complete this Unit Evaluation. It is important that you do your
own work. If you have difficulty with particular sections, you may use your textbook and course materials
for help in answering the questions. After you have completed this evaluation, you will submit it for grading.

Select the response that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What was the source of the original atmosphere of early Earth?

a. light elements from space

b. volcanoes
c. meteorite impacts
d. outgassing from rocks

2. What is the difference between a cast fossil and a mold fossil?

a. They are two terms for the same kind of fossil.

b. A cast fossil is an impression in rock, but a mold fossil is an impression that was filled in with
minerals.
c. A mold fossil is just an impression in rock; a cast fossil is an impression that was filled in with
minerals.
d. A mold fossil is preserved original tissue, and a cast fossil is petrified.

3. Imagine you are a paleontologist who finds a well-preserved dinosaur skeleton. C areful excavation of
the site reveals apparently undisturbed sediments and a thin layer of iridium 12 cm below the specimen.
Infer the significance of this find. Which of the following options most closely corresponds to your
conclusion?

a. The find is significant because the dinosaur skeleton is so well preserved.

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b. The find is significant because it indicates that dinosaur bones may be a source of iridium.
c. The find is significant because it represents a dinosaur that may have lived after the C retaceous
period.
d. The find is not very significant since well-preserved dinosaur skeletons are not particularly rare.

4. There is good evidence that a meteor hit Earth about 65 million years ago. Which of the following events
that scientists think were triggered by the impact could have caused the simultaneous global extinctions of
multiple species, including all the dinosaurs?

a. The meteor was large enough to trigger powerful earthquakes.

b. The impact itself triggered global tsunamis.
c. Volcanic eruptions were set off by the impact.
d. Atmospheric debris changed global climates for months or years after the impact.

5. Which of the following effects on the evolution of life on Earth was most likely a consequence of the
breakup of the supercontinent Pangea?

a. Populations of animals separated by the breakup of Pangea probably adapted to new environments
and evolved into new species.
b. C ontinental drift could rapidly change local climates, driving species to extinction.
c. Populations of animals separated by the breakup of Pangea probably remained exactly the same
over time.
d. C ontinental drift could rapidly change local climates, triggering the evolution of new species.

6. Which of the following is an accurate statement of the differences between spontaneous generation and
biogenesis?

a. Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can only come from life, while biogenesis is the outdated
notion that animals arise from nonliving elements of their environment.
b. Spontaneous generation and biogenesis are two names for the same principle concerning the origin
of life.
c. Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can come from nonliving components, while biogenesis
is the more modern concept that life can only arise from another living organism.
d. The concept of spontaneous generation recognizes that species generate offspring when
environmental conditions are favorable, while biogenesis is the idea that life was created in a single event
and has been unchanged ever since.

7. Which option places the likely events in the origin of life in the correct order?

a. abiotic synthesis of amino acids and other organic molecules / synthesis of proteins / development
of a genetic code / evolution of cells
b. abiotic synthesis of amino acids and other organic molecules / synthesis of proteins / evolution of
cells / development of a genetic code
c. synthesis of proteins / abiotic synthesis of amino acids and other organic molecules / development
of a genetic code / evolution of cells
d. abiotic synthesis of amino acids and other organic molecules / development of a genetic code /
synthesis of proteins / evolution of cells

8. What evidence is there that modern archaebacteria may be most like the hypothesized earliest cells on
Earth?

a. Both archaebacteria and early cells share morphological similarities, including a membrane-bound
nucleus.
b. Photosynthesis allows both archaebacteria and the earliest cells to harness energy from the Sun.

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c. Archaebacteria thrive in extreme environments of intense heat or pressure; microfossils suggest

that early life forms lived in volcanic environments.
d. Archaebacteria can only survive in warm, shallow waters similar to the primordial seas in which cells
evolved on early Earth.

9. Banded red rock formations dating from about 1.8 billion years ago were formed from oxygen reacting
with free iron ions. Eventually these rocks were no longer being formed, and the oxygen began to
accumulate in the atmosphere. Integrate this information and your knowledge of conditions on early Earth.
What logical conclusions can you draw?

a. Oxygen could not accumulate in the atmosphere until most of the free iron ions were used up.
b. Oxygen had to have been present in the atmosphere before 1.8 billion years ago.
c. Oxygen can be released by banded iron formations.
d. Early life could not evolve before oxygen was present to sustain it.

10. What implication does the endosymbiont theory have for phylogeny?

a. The origin of eukaryotes is much earlier than previously believed.

b. The phylogenetic tree includes places where the branches separate and come back together.
c. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes had independent origins, so there are really two phylogenetic trees.
d. It will be impossible to trace the phylogenetic relationships of eukaryotes.

11. During phagocytosis of one cell by another, the larger cell engulfs the smaller cell by enclosing it in a
part of its plasma membrane which then pinches off so the cell is then within the larger cell. Given this may
have been the process that brought bacterial cells into the ancestors of eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts,
what structural characteristic might be expected in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

a. amoeboid locomotion
b. flagella or cilia
c. a double membrane
d. a nucleus

12. What was the significance of the C ambrian explosion to the evolution of life on Earth?

a. It was a mass extinction during which nearly 90% of marine species were lost.
b. It was a rapid diversification of the ancestors of most major animal groups.
c. It was caused by tectonic instability, resulting in an eruption of multiple volcanoes.
d. It was the event in which life began, but no fossils survive and little is known.

13. One hypothesis argues that clay played a role in the increasing complexity of organic molecules in the
pre-life Earth environment. What role does the hypothesis suggest?

a. acting as a cell membrane

b. assisting replication of molecules
c. filtering out key molecule components
d. stabilizing complex molecules

14. What effects of continental drift would have most likely have resulted in a new adaptive radiation
following the Permian extinction?

a. a breakup of Pangea into several land masses

b. the movement of the entire supercontinent farther to the south
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c. formation of land bridges connecting islands to the mainland

d. the movement of the entire supercontinent farther to the north

15. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of derived traits and ancestral traits?

a. Derived traits result from artificial selection; ancestral traits result from natural selection.
b. Derived traits appear in species; ancestral traits appear in genera or higher taxa.
c. Derived traits are primitive; ancestral traits are contemporary.
d. Derived traits are recent features; ancestral traits are more primitive features.

16. A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated. Which of the

following is the best description of that phenomenon?

a. speciation
b. bottleneck
c. postzygotic isolation
d. sexual selection

17. Some primate skeletons were located in a cave in association with these things: a variety of tools, the
charred bones of some animals they had cooked and eaten, and numerous paintings on the walls. C arbon-
14 dating techniques determined that the bones and other artifacts were about 35,000 years old. The
skeletal remains probably belonged to

a. A. afarensis.
b. Homo habilis.
c. C ro-Magnon.
d. Homo erectus.

18. Evidence that Homo erectus was more intelligent than its predecessors would include

a. a small cranial capacity as indicated by their skeletal remains.

b. involved messages they wrote on cave walls.
c. signs of agriculture and tilled fields.
d. tools such as hand axes that have been found near their fire pits.

19. In which group would you classify primates that are small, often (but not always) nocturnal, with large
eyes and ears, and dependent on their sense of smell?

a. haplorhines
b. strepsirrhines
c. New World monkeys
d. anthropoids

20. Which of these primates is classified as a strepsirrhine and may produce toxic secretions?

a. loris
b. lemur
c. marmoset
d. spider monkey

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21. Altiatlasius, an early fossil primate, most closely resembles which of the following animals?

a. gorilla
b. lemur
c. tree shrew
d. bushbaby

22. Which of these primates is native to the Americas?

a. bonobos
b. gibbons
c. macaques
d. tamarins

23. Which of the following provides the best description for the fossil primate Aegyptopithecus?

a. small, nocturnal insect eater with grasping hands and feet

b. the “dawn ape,” about the size of a domestic cat
c. a lemurlike primate with a very small brain
d. an early hominoid, possibly ancestral to humans

24. How do hominoids and hominins differ?

a. Hominoids include only humans and their recent ancestors, while hominins include humans plus
anthropoids.
b. Hominoids include monkeys and apes, while hominins include only humans.
c. Hominoids include all nonmonkey anthropoids, while hominins include only humans and their extinct
relatives.
d. Hominoids include humans and their extinct ancestors, while hominins include all nonmonkey
anthropoids.

25. How does the fossil Australopithecus called “Lucy” contribute to our understanding of hominin evolution?

a. This fossil indicates that large brains evolved before bipedalism.

b. This fossil supports the hypothesis that large brains evolved while our ancestors were still arboreal.
c. This fossil supports the hypothesis that early hominids lived on the savanna.
d. This fossil indicates that bipedalism evolved before large brains.

26. What features distinguish Australopithecus africanus from A. boseii and A. robustus, which are often
classified in the genus Paranthropus?

a. Australopithecus africanus walked upright, but members of the genus Paranthropus did not.
b. Paranthropus walked upright, but members of the genus Australopithecus did not.
c. Australopithecus africanus were robust, but Paranthropus were slender.
d. Members of the genus Australopithecus africanus were slender but Paranthropus were robust.

27. In what significant way was Homo habilis different from all members of the genus Australopithecus?

a. Homo habilis had the first human nose, but nostrils of Australopithecus opened to the front.
b. Homo habilis walked upright, unlike Australopithecus.

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c. Homo habilis had a larger brain than any Australopithecus.

d. Only Homo habilis migrated to Asia and Europe.

28. Analyze the following sequences. In which list are species arranged
chronologically in the order of their appearance on Earth from earliest to most recent?

a. Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, Australopithecus africanus

b. Australopithecus africanus, Homo ergaster, Homo habilis, Homo erectus
c. Homo habilis, Australopithecus africanus, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus
d. Australopithecus africanus, Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus

29. Mitochondrial DNA from Africans was recently discovered to be more variable than mitochondrial DNA
from Europeans. Which of the following ideas is supported by this finding?

a. the Out-of-Africa hypothesis

b. the multiregional theory
c. the hominoid biogeography hypothesis
d. the ancestral neanderthal theory

30. A large and heavily muscled hominin with a brain larger than that of modern humans went extinct about
30,000 years ago. How was this hominin classified?

a. Australopithecus africanus
b. Paranthropus robustus
c. Homo neanderthalensis
d. Homo erectus

31. Which species are believed to have overlapped in time?

a. Homo ergaster and Homo neanderthalensis

b. Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis
c. Homo sapiens and Homo erectus
d. Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis

32. Which statement best summarizes the “mitochondrial Eve” idea?

a. All people alive today are descended from one female Homo sapiens who lived in Africa about
200,000 years ago.
b. All people alive today are descended from one female Homo erectus who lived in Africa 400,000
years ago.
c. All people alive today are descended from one female Homo neanderthalensis who lived in Europe
300,000 years ago.
d. All people alive today are descended from one female Homo habilis who lived in Africa 1.4 million
years ago.

33. Which of the following is the most specific taxon?

a. genus
b. kingdom
c. phylum
d. species
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34. Which of the following are prokaryotes that contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

a. Archaebacteria
b. Eubacteria
c. Fungi
d. Protists

35. Which domain includes organisms that are called extremophiles?

a. Animalia
b. Archaea
c. Bacteria
d. Eukarya

36. Which of the following Kingdoms is not included in the Domain Eukarya?

a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Plantae
d. Protista

37. Which characteristic distinguishes organisms in the Fungi kingdom from those in the Plantae kingdom?

a. the presence of membrane-bound organelles

b. the presence of membrane-bound nucleus
c. the chitin in their cell walls
d. multicellular

38. What are the Domain and Kingdom of a paramecium?

a. Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria

b. Domain Archaea, Kingdom Plantae
c. Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista
d. Domain Archaea, Kingdom Protista

39. Animals that are multicellular, have no cell walls, and are heterotropic belong to which kingdom?

a. Kingdom Eubacteria
b. Kingdom Plantae
c. Kingdom Protista
d. Kingdom Animalia

40. There are more than 250,000 identified species in Kingdom

a. Archaea.
b. Plantae.
c. Eubacteria.
d. Protista.

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Matching

Match the terms given with their definitions.

b
41. the amount of time it takes for half the original radioactive
a. evolution
isotope to decay
b. half-life
c. spontaneous generation
e 42. a large division in the geologic time scale that is smaller d. ancestral traits
than an eon e. era
c 43. the idea that life arises from nonlife
a 44. the cumulative changes in groups of organisms through time
d 45. more primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that appear in ancestral forms

Match the terms given with their definitions.

d
46. a distinct human species that evolved exclusively in Europe and
a. genus
Asia about 200,000 years ago
b. phylogeny
c. Archaea
a 47. a group of species that are closely related and share a common d. Neanderthal
ancestor e. C ro-Magnon
b 48. the evolutionary history of a species
e 49. early modern humans that represent the beginning of historic hunter-gatherer societies
c 50. both kingdom and domain—thought to be more ancient than bacteria and more closely related to
our eukaryotic ancestors

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