INSTRUCTION: FILL IN THE BLANKS

1) Basically, Safety and Health is not just a legal requirement but also help in ensuring:

•Cost _________ management

•Safe _____________ – human right
•Prevent occupational incident, accident and illnesses
•Management and workers ___________ and ______________

2) The are eight (8) different eras in the development of occupational safety and health

A) The Inspection Era:

Focus on worker's behaviour. Correct and eliminate physical hazards - cleaning

B) The Unsafe Act and Condition Era:

Focus on:
________________________________________________________________________

C) The Industrial Hygiene Era:

Focus
on: ________________________________________________________________________

D) The Noise Era:

Focus
on: ________________________________________________________________________

E) The Safety Management Era:

Focus
on: ________________________________________________________________________

F) The Occupational Safety and Health Era:

Focus on removing physical conditions – follow standards, start a proper

documentation and comply with standards & control losses.

G) The Accountability Era:

Focus
on: ________________________________________________________________________

H) The Behavioural Based and Human Era:

 Focus
on: ________________________________________________________________________

3) There are 10 axioms of Heinrich's Fundamental Principle of Safety Management For

Industrial Safety (1931). List down at least 3 of the axioms using your own

understanding/ words.

A) __________________________________________________________________________

B) ___________________________________________________________________________

C)_________________________________________________________________________

4) Discuss the difference between Dominos Theory and Multiple Causation Theory

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5) The most common is Edward Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-Act concept consist of:

PLAN: Identify your problem

DO: _____________________________

CHECK: __________________________

ACT: Implement the best solutions

6) Who are the organisational key actors for safety culture and management?

a) ___________________________________

b) ___________________________________
c) Supervisors

7) What is Integrated Safety Culture?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8) How many members of the Safety and Health Committee if the workplace has less 100
workers?

__________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTION: BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS GIVEN

1) Give at least five (5) benefit of Safety and Health Programme to the organisation:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2) Discuss briefly on the four (4) factors determining the success to Safety and Health
Programme:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
 1) The key principles of motivation are to communicate the goals and benefits. There are 5 key
principles which are:

i) Provide a ___________________ enviroment

ii) Be _________________

iii) Address needs

iv)Be ___________________

v) Develop a _______

2) In structuring the motivational environment, there are 6 steps that can be done. List down and
explain in brief each steps.

i) Meaningful goals:
_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

ii) Feedback:___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

iii)
Reinforcement:_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

iv) _________________: Allow workers to participate and contribute and recognize the

efforts

v)Self motivating:
__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

vi)____________________: Give recognition and awards after establishing an effective safety

and health programme. Rewards should be complimentary not a subtitute.

3) Explain in brief according to your understanding on The Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs model
of motivation:
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4) There are 2 types of leader who lead by _____________ and lead by ______________.

1) What do you understand about hazard?

hazard adalah suatu keadaan yang berpotensi untuk mendatangkan mudarat atau kemalangan
kepada manusia harta benda , atau alam sekitar .

2) Name three (3) classification of the workplace hazard that you know. Each with one example.

i) bahan kimia – bahan kimia yang mampu membawa mudarat kepada pekerja samada melalui
sentuhan seperti asid dan alkali, melalui wap dan wasap yang terhasil dari proses pematerian,
melalui sedutan seperti helium dan bahan mudah terbakar seperti petrol dan diesel

ii) kesan ergonomik – ia terjadi apabila keadaan kerja di pejabat atau kawasan binaan yang
digunapakai tidak berada dalam postur badan yang normal dan dilakukan berulang kali, seperti
mengangkat beban, membengkok badan, menolak beban atau berdiri terlalu lama, atau tempat
kerja yang bergetar seperti memandu jentera berat

iii) hazard biologi – yang terhasil melalui organisma hidup yang mengeluarkan bahan toksik
seperti bakteria tibi, bacillus anthrax ,bawaan serangga contohnya malaria dan virus seperti
HIV,influenza dan hepatitis

3) Name three (3) categories of the workplace accident that you know. Each with one example.

3) Name three (3) categories of the workplace accident that you know. Each with one example.

i) Elekrik – boleh menyebabkan renjatan atau kejutan elektrik.

ii) keadaan – lantai berminyak atau licin – boleh menyebabkan tergelincir dan jatuh
iii) Bising – melebihi PEL (115dBA) boleh menyebabkan kehilangan pendengaran

4) What do you understand about HIRARC in overall?

HIRARC – Hazard Indentification ,Risk Assesment and Risk Control adalah satu garis panduan
untuk menyediakan penaksiran bahaya sesuatu risiko berkaitan tugas dan kerja, dimana setiap
majikan perlu menyediakan kawasan kerja yang selamat berdasarkan seksyen 15,akta 514 ( Osha
94)

5) Name three (3) objectives/ aims of the Safety and Health Audit.

i)sebagai satu sistem pemeriksaan bagi menentukan aktiviti kerja mengikut akta 514(OSHA 94)

ii) mengenal pasti tahap perlaksanaan aktiviti keselamatan dan kesihatan yang telah dijalankan di
fasiliti anggota kerja

iii) memberi cadangan atau langkah penambahbaikan bagi kekurangan yang dijumpai

6) Name three (3) objectives/ aims of the Safety and Health Audit.

i)sebagai satu sistem pemeriksaan bagi menentukan aktiviti kerja mengikut akta 514(OSHA 94)

ii) mengenal pasti tahap perlaksanaan aktiviti keselamatan dan kesihatan yang telah dijalankan di
fasiliti anggota kerja

iii) memberi cadangan atau langkah penambahbaikan bagi kekurangan yang dijumpai

7) Safety and Health Audit process can be done through:

i) Sampling

ii)Interviewing

iii)Observation

iv)Reviewing

v) Inspection
8) Accident is unexpected or unplanned event in a sequence of events that occur through a
combination of causes resulting in:

i) physical injury, illness or disease to an individual

ii)Damage to property or

iii)a combination of the above.

9) Name three (3) objectives of Accident Investigation.

i)menghalang dari kejadian sama berulang

ii) mengenal pasti punca kejadian

iii)sebagai mekanisme untuk mengawal dan mengurus maklumat untuk kejadian

10) Accident Investigation process can be done through:

i)Saksi semasa kejadian

ii) gambar- gambar kejadian kemalangan

iii)laporan kemalangan

iii)prosedur kerja

1) Name three (3) objectives of Hazard Analysis

i)__________________________________________________________________________

ii)_________________________________________________________________________

iii)_________________________________________________________________________

2) 5 phases in the root causes analysis process are:

i) Data collection

ii)_____________________________________

iii)_____________________________________

iv)_____________________________________

v)Corrective action

3) What do you understand on The Change Analysis?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4) Name four (4) regions in the Risk Tolerability Chart.

i) _________________________

ii) _________________________

iii)_________________________

iv)_________________________

5) Name one (1) example of direct cost and indirect cost in the accident

i) Direct cost: _______________________________________

ii)Indirect cost: _______________________________________

1) What is trauma injury?

Physical injuries of sudden onset and severity which require immediate medical attention.
2) What are the differences between acute health effect and chronic health effect? Give one
example for each.

i) Acute health effect (short-term). Acute health effect usually after exposures fairly high levels or
concentrations of hazarous substances. For example, fiberclass can immediately cause itchiness
ans skin irritation.

ii) Chronic health effect (long-term). Usualy develop slowly. For example, if you breathe small
amounts of asbestos fibers, you won't even notice them. There are no acute effects. But if you
inhale abestos month after month, year after year you greatly increase your changes of getting
asbestos disease, such as lung cancer,

3) Give one (1) example for the categories of occupational health hazards below:

i) Ergonomic: Physical factor that can harm musculosketel system. Such as manual handling.

ii) Physical: It can harm the body without necessarily touching it. Example vibration and noise.

iii)Biological: Bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, animals and humans.

iv)Chemical: Cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents

4) Heat Stress can occur in people working in the areas with:

i) Working in Outdoor workplaces with work in hot weather and direct sun.

ii) Working in Indoor workplaces with hot conditions.

iii) Limited air movement (no breeze, wind or ventilation)

iv) Physical exertion

5) Some of the personal factors to take into considerations when examine heat stress can be:

i) Air condition

ii) relative humidity

iii) radiant heat from the sun

1) What are three (3) common industrial hygiene issues?

i) chemical hazards like mists, and vapours

ii) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

2) The Industrial Hygienist should be competent in which field?

i) Chemistry

ii) Biological sciences

iii) Engineering

3) Name 4 modes of entry of contaminants into human body system:

i)Inhalation

ii)Absorbtion

iii) Ingestion

iv) Injection

4) List down four (4) forms of airborne contaminants:

i)gas

ii)vapours

iii) Aerosol

iv) Particulate

5) There are two (2) types of exposure monitoring. Explain in brief the difeference:

i) Area Monitoring:
1)Specific to location

2) Used for collecting background levels

3) Used for studying the movement of contaminants

ii) Personal Monitoring:

1) Specific to the worker

2) Taken in the workerÊs breathing zone

3) Used to determine a workerÊs exposure level

4) Done on a specified period of time, normally 8-hour time-

weighted average (TWA)

6) What do you understand about these terms?

i) Immediately Dangerous To Life Rr Health (IDLH)

a dangerous condition is present at the workplace. Hence, sampling is done considering worst-case
conditions such as AGT (authorized gas tester) have to make sure confined space is safe for
AE(authorized entrance) to work

ii) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

is a limit that a worker can be expose due to some limit and time, for example- 90dBa sound is
allowed to be exposed to a workers for 8 hours only

iii) Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

limits for concentration of air contaminants that workers may be exposed to

during their normal working period without causing adverse health effect

1) Which section in OSHA 1994 covers on the hazard control and prevention?

___________________________________________________________________________

2) What do you understand on So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3) Name five (5) approaches in hazard prevention.

i)____________________________

ii)___________________________

iii) Predetermined Safe Work practices

iv)__________________________

v) __________________________

1) Name four (4) Accident Prevention Techniques that you know:

i) ______________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________

iii) ______________________________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________

2) Explain in brief, four (4) steps in preparing JHA/ JSA:

i) _________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

iii) ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

iv) ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
3) What is the difference between Safety Observation, Safety Audit and Safety Inspection?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4) By implementing Preventive Maintenance Program (PMP), name two (2) improvement

expected:

i) _________________________________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________________________________

5) Name seven (7) key elements in Special Emphasis Program (SEP):

i) ______________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________

iii) ______________________________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________

v) ______________________________________________________________

vi) ______________________________________________________________

vii) ______________________________________________________________

1) Training is the form of hazard __________________________

2) Training and education are rank as ________ effective hazard control but necessary in
minimize hazard due to the human factor.
3) What are some of the reasons for training and education?

- to train workers who ______________________________________;

- to train workers who ______________________________________; and

- to upgrade ______________________________________________.

4) What are the four (4) factors to be considered on when to train?

i)__________________________________________________________________________

ii)_________________________________________________________________________

iii)_________________________________________________________________________

iv)_________________________________________________________________________

5) Name seven (7) component of The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA)
Training Model:

i)__________________________________________________________________________

ii)_________________________________________________________________________

iii)_________________________________________________________________________

iv)_________________________________________________________________________

v)_________________________________________________________________________

vi)_________________________________________________________________________

vii)________________________________________________________________________