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“The commander of KL Auschwitz, Rudolf Höß, having been called by the
5HLFKVIKUHU SS, reports to Berlin. Without any witnesses, Himmler dis-
cusses with him the technical aspects of the so-called ‘final solution of the
Jewish question.’ As a result of this meeting, Höß is charged by Himmler
with the execution of the extermination of the Jews at KL Auschwitz; he is

&IL’ “irritante questione” delle camere a gas ovvero da Cappuccetto Rosso ad… Auschwitz.
Risposta a Valentina Pisanty*UDSKRV*HQRDSS

'&]HFKKalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau 1939-1945
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to present construction projects for the homicidal annihilation installations

within four weeks. Himmler tells Höß that SS 6WXUPEDQQIKUHU Eichmann
of RSHA will give him the details when the latter went to Auschwitz in the
near future.”
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EHU7KHILUVWH[SHULPHQWDOJDVVLQJE\PHDQVRI=\NORQ%DOOHJHGO\FDUULHG
RXWE\66Hauptsturmführer)ULW]VFKLVDOVRVDLGWRKDYHRFFXUUHGLQ$XJXVW
RIDFFRUGLQJWR&]HFK$JDLQWKHVHGDWHVDUHWRWDOO\DUELWUDU\EHFDXVH
WKHUHDUHQRGRFXPHQWVWRFRQILUPWKHUHDOLW\RIDQ\RIWKHWKUHHHYHQWV
(LFKPDQQ¶VVHFRQGYLVLWWR$XVFKZLW]FDQQRWEHXVHGLQWKHDWWHPSWWRHV
WDEOLVK &]HFK¶V FKURQRORJ\ WKXV LW LV QRW HYHQ PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH Auschwitz
Chronicle)RUWKHVDPHUHDVRQ+|¶VDOOHJHGWULSWR7UHEOLQNDDVGHVFULEHG
LQKLVµFRQIHVVLRQV¶GRHVQRWDSSHDUWKHUHHLWKHU
-HDQ&ODXGH3UHVVDF¶V,QWHUSUHWDWLRQ
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“According to his notes, Höß is ordered to come to Berlin ‘in the summer
of 1941.’ His report contains a glaring improbability in that the 5HLFKVIK
UHU SS allegedly tells him: ‘The H[LVWLQJ annihilation sites in the East
(Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka; the killing activities of these camps start-
ed only in summer 1942>@) are not in a position to handle the major ac-
tions envisaged (quoted from: Rudolf Höß, .RPPDQGDQW LQ $XVFKZLW]
$XWRELRJUDSKLVFKH $XI]HLFKQXQJHQ, edited by Martin Broszat, dtv-doku-
mente, München 1963, p. 237). Hence, an obvious anachronism on Höß’
side.”
)RUWKDWUHDVRQ3UHVVDFPRYHVWKH+LPPOHU+|PHHWLQJWRWKH\HDU

IbidemS

IbidemS

6WHYHQ3DVNXO\HGDeath Dealer. The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz3URPH
WKHXV%RRNV%XIIDOR1<S

'&]HFKop. cit. QRWHSSI

6WDWHPHQWE\+|RI0DUFK126WHYHQ3DVNXO\HGop. cit. QRWHSSI
DVZHOODVKLVVWDWHPHQWRI$SULO36

-&3UHVVDFDie Krematorien…op. cit. QRWHQRWHRQS

7KHVHDFWLYLWLHVDUHFODLPHGWRKDYHVWDUWHGLQODWHLQ%HO]HFLQHDUO\LQ6RELERUDQGLQ
VXPPHULQ7UHEOLQND

IbidemS

“In early 1942, Höß is ordered to report to Himmler in Berlin; the latter
informs him that his camp has been selected to become the center for the
mass extermination of the Jews.”
$FWXDOO\ WKLV NLQG RI GDWLQJ DV , KDYH VWUHVVHG HOVHZKHUH FUHDWHV IXUWKHU
FRQWUDGLFWLRQVLQFKURQRORJ\WKHPRVWVHULRXVRQHLVWKHIDFWWKDWWKHLQVWDOOD
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“According to Rudolf Höß, Himmler discussed the transformation of
Auschwitz into an extermination site as early as June 1941. Is he correct?
Did he have a conversation with Himmler in June 1941? If so, did they talk
about the construction of killing installations at Auschwitz? And if they did,
did Himmler mean, in June 1941, that this murder machinery was to be
used to kill Jews?”
7RWKLVTXHVWLRQWKH\UHSO\LQWKHIROORZLQJZD\
“Höß’s Nuremberg confessions seemed to close the case concerning the
origins of Auschwitz as a death camp. But internal inconsistencies in his
statements, as well as additional indirect but pertinent evidence, suggest
that Höß reinterpreted events that had indeed occurred in the light of the
ultimate outcome. Probably, he had a conversation with Himmler in June
1941. Probably, they spoke about the construction of extermination facili-
ties at Auschwitz. But probably, in June 1941, those installations were not
intended for the mass murder of Europe’s Jews.
Let us look at Höß’s statements more closely. In his affidavit saying ‘I was
ordered to establish extermination facilities at Auschwitz in June 1941’>@
he also explained that ‘At that time, there were already in the general gov-
ernment three other extermination camps; Belzek, Treblinka, and Wolzek.
(Sobibor)’>@These camps, however, came into operation only in 1942. In a
detailed account of the role of Auschwitz in the genocide of the Jews that

L’ “irritante questione” delle camere a gas...,op. cit.QRWHSSI

''ZRUN5-YDQ3HOWAuschwitz 1270 to the present::1RUWRQ &RPSDQ\1HZ
<RUN/RQGRQS

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6RELEyUE\'ZRUNYDQ3HOWLVFRPSOHWHO\DUELWUDU\

Höß wrote later that year, he again related Auschwitz to other killing sites
and again made the same mistake about the dates:>@
‘Himmler greeted me with the following: ‘The Führer has ordered the Fi-
nal Solution of the Jewish Question. We, the SS, have to carry out this or-
der. The existing extermination sites in the East are not in a position to
perform these intended major operations. I have, therefore, chosen Ausch-
witz for this purpose.’’
In June 1941 there were no ‘existing extermination sites in the East.’ As
Höß insisted on various occasions that the conversation took place in
1941, although acknowledging that he may have been confused about the
exact words, it would seem plausible that there was a meeting in June 1941
and that he was ordered ‘to establish extermination facilities.’ But how
large were these meant to be and for whom were they meant?”
7KHVROXWLRQSURSRVHGE\'ZRUNDQGYDQ3HOWLVWKDW+|ZDVFDOOHGWR%HUOLQ
LQEXWWKDW+LPPOHURQWKDWRFFDVLRQGLGQRWRUGHUKLPWRODXQFKWKH
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ZKLFKZHNQRZIURPKLVGLDU\%UHLWPDQZULWHV
“And Höss now dated the meeting as sometime during summer of 1941, but
he could not remember exactly when.
Himmler was not in Berlin very often during the summer of 1941, especial-
ly after the invasion of the USSR. It seems most likely that he actually met
with Höss sometime during July 13-15.”
,QDQRWHWKHDXWKRUH[SODLQV
“Various attempts to redate this meeting have been off the mark. Höss
could not have mistaken a summer-1942 meeting with Himmler for 1941 –
first, because Himmler’s 1942 appointment book, which exists, contains no
such entry, and, second, because Höss was already gassing Jews then.

5+|³7KH)LQDO6ROXWLRQRIWKH-HZLVK4XHVWLRQLQ&RQFHQWUDWLRQ&DPS$XVFKZLW]´LQE\
6WHYHQ3DVNXO\HG op. cit. QRWHS³&RQWUDU\WRKLVXVXDOFXVWRPKLVDGMXWDQWZDVQRW
LQWKHURRP+LPPOHUJUHHWHGPHZLWKWKHIROORZLQJµ7KH)KUHUKDVRUGHUHGWKH)LQDO6ROXWLRQ
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WKHUHIRUHFKRVHQ$XVFKZLW]IRUWKLVSXUSRVH¶´

5'%UHLWPDQThe Architect of Genocide. Himmler and the Final Solution.QRSI1HZ<RUN
S

IbidemSSI

It is most unlikely that Himmler set the Final Solution in motion before 22
June. Organizing the strategy for the :DIIHQ-SS and the (LQVDW]JUXSSHQ
must have taken a considerable amount of Himmler’s time, and he had to
see how successful the initial attack against the U.S.S.R. would be. Himm-
ler left the capital for East Prussia on 25 June and did not return >WR%HU
OLQ@ until 13 July. On 15 July he went back to East Prussia. At most he went
to Berlin for one brief visit during August, though we cannot be sure where
he was on several days late that month.”
%UHLWPDQWKHQGLVFXVVHV+LPPOHU¶VWUDYHOVLQ$XJXVWDQGFRQFOXGHV
“Dates in September are too late for the meeting, since the first test gas-
sing at Auschwitz occurred on 3 Sept. What is left is 13-15 July 1941.”
'DQXWD&]HFKDVZHKDYHDOUHDG\VHHQSURSRVHVDGDWHRI-XO\IRU
WKLVHYHQWMXVWLI\LQJLWLQWKHIROORZLQJZD\2QWKDWGD\DGHWDLQHHHVFDSHG
IURP WKH FDPS DQG WKH WHOHJUDP LQIRUPLQJ WKH FRJQL]DQW 66 DXWKRULWLHV ZDV
VLJQHGE\Lagerführer)ULW]VFKLQ+|¶VDEVHQFH,WLVSRVVLEOHWKDW+|KDG
JRQHWR%HUOLQEXWLWLVFHUWDLQWKDWKHFRXOGQRWKDYHPHW+LPPOHUWKHUHRQ
WKDWGD\EHFDXVHWKHODWWHUKDGEHHQLQ(DVW3UXVVLDVLQFH-XO\
'HEyUDK'ZRUNDQG5REHUW-DQYDQ3HOWSURSRVHDGLIIHUHQWPHWKRGRIGD
WLQJ7KH\VWDWHWKDW+|ZDVLQ%HUOLQRQ-XQHDQGWRGLVFXVVWKH
H[SDQVLRQRIWKH$XVFKZLW]FDPSZLWK.DPPOHURIWKH0DLQ2IILFHRI%XGJ
HWDQG%XLOGLQJVDQGRQWKDWRFFDVLRQKHDOVRPHW+LPPOHU
“Himmler, too, was in town, to celebrate the fifth anniversary of his ap-
pointment as chief of the German police. Given his personal interest in the
future of Auschwitz, it seems likely that the completion of the first master
plan >IRUFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHFDPS@ was an occasion for him to chat with
Höss.”
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HG-XQHZKLFKUHIHUVPHUHO\WRDPHHWLQJRI+|ZLWKWKHKHDGRI
'HSDUWPHQW,RI0DLQ2IILFHRI%XGJHWDQG%XLOGLQJV66Oberführer/|UQHU
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-XO\3UHVVDF¶VSURSRVHGGDWLQJRIWKLVHYHQWLVKLVWRULFDOO\XQWHQDEOH

'&]HFKKalendarium… op. cit. QRWHS

''ZRUN5-YDQ3HOWop. cit.QRWHS

IbidemS

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NHU¶ZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQRQ0DUFK7KHDXWKRUQRWHVIRUWKDWGDWH
“Gas chambers are put into operation in a Birkenau farmhouse modified
for this purpose, this is the so-called Bunker no. 1.”
7KHRQO\GLVFRUGDQWYRLFHLVWKDWRI-HDQ&ODXGH3UHVVDFZKRPRYHVWKLVDO
OHJHGHYHQWE\WZRPRQWKV
“The ‘red house’, after its modification, was given the name ‘Bunker 1’
and probably began to be used for this purpose from the end of May 1942
onwards.”
,QWKHFKURQRORJLFDOVXPPDU\RIKLVERRN3UHVVDFZULWHV
“In May >@: Modification of a small farm at Birkenau. The gas cham-
ber of the Krematorium >,@is moved there because of the impending con-
struction work. The unit, which will later be called ‘Bunker 1,’ consists of
two chambers, not equipped with mechanical ventilation.”
$VIRUµ%XQNHU¶WKHAuschwitzChronicleDIILUPVWKDWLWEHFDPHRSHUDWLRQDO
RQ-XQH7KHIROORZLQJHQWU\IRUWKDWGDWHDSSHDUVLQWKHERRN
“In connection with the impending arrival of further transports of Jews
who are moved to Auschwitz by the RSHA to be annihilated there, more
gas chambers are installed in a farmhouse, similar to Bunker 1. It is situat-
ed to the west of Crematoria IV and V, which will be built later, and is des-
ignated Bunker no. 2.”
3UHVVDFGRHVQRWJLYHDSUHFLVHGDWHEXWDFFHSWVWKHSHULRG
“The ‘white house’, Bunker 2, is put into operation at the end of June
1942.”
,QWKHFKURQRORJLFDOVXPPDU\KHDGGV
“in June >@ another Birkenau farmhouse is modified to become a gas
chamber. In the process, the delousing plants of the Degesch Co. of Frank-
furt a.M. are taken as a model (the chambers are arranged in parallel).

'&]HFKKalendarium… QRWHS

-&3UHVVDFDie Krematorien…op. cit. QRWHS

IbidemSSI


-&3UHVVDFDie Krematorien… op. cit. QRWHS

IbidemS

The unit, later to be called ‘Bunker 2,’ consists of four parallel chambers
with a floor area of 105 m²; it has no mechanical ventilation.”
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“As for building gas chambers and crematoria, that was the responsibility
of Office Group C, once such buildings had been requested by Office
Group D.>@ The official path was as follows: Office Group D contacted
Office Group C. Office C/I did the drawings for those installations, as far
as the buildings themseves were concerned, passed them on to Office C/III,
which took care of the machinery, i.e., the equipment concerning for exam-
ple the ventilation of the gas chambers or the gas injection device. These
specifications would then be assigned to a private company, which had to
supply the special equipment or furnaces. Further along the official path,
C/III would inform Office C/V, which transmitted the order to the Central
Construction Office via its Construction Inspectorate West, North, South,
East. The Central Construction Office then gave the construction order to
the Construction Office of the concentration camp concerned, which car-
ried out the actual project using detainees that had been supplied by
D/II.>@ Office Group D gave orders and instructions to Office Group C
regarding space requirements and purposes of such buildings. The client
for gas chambers and crematoria was, basically, Office Group D.”
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“Taking into account the construction measures ordered locally by SS

*UXSSHQIKUHU Pohl, and referring to your meeting with the head of Amt I
and myself on 13 and 14 of this month, I inform you as follows:
1) The construction measures listed below will be punctually registered by
Amt II with plenipotentiary general for control of the building industry
>6SHHU@ for the 3rd year of the war economy (1.10.41 – 30.9.41).”
7KLVLVIROORZHGE\DOLVWVHWRXWEHORZ
“a) Completion of utility buildings
b) 30 new accommodations for detainees
c) Delousing unit
d) Laundry building
e) Admission building
f) Gate building KL
g) 5 watchtowers
h) Extension camp wall and wire obstacle
i) New-construction planning office with garages
k) Headquarters building
l) Sentry headquarters area
m) Motor pool headquarters
n) Housing headquarters staff
o) Housing for 1 guard battalion
p) Finishing of temporary officers’ club and officers’ housing in existing
buildings
q) Work camp for civilian workers
r) Sewage system
s) Water supply
t) Road constructions and gardens
u) Electrical installations, external.”
.DPPOHUWKHQVWDWHVWKDWWKHZKROHFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFW&&$XVFKZLW]FRXOG
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“a) Adding upper stories to 14 existing accommodations for detainees
b) Completion of utility buildings
c) 30 new accommodations for detainees
d) Delousing unit
e) Laundry unit
f) New-construction planning office with garages
g) Motor pool headquarters
h) Housing headquarters staff

i) Finishing of temporary officers’ club with officers’ accommodations in

existing buildings
k) Work camp for civilian workers
l) Sewage system
m) Water supply
n) Roads”
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“I. Agricultural constructions
1. 30 to 35 horse-stable barracks for the temporary housing of ani-
mals, etc.
2. 2 permanent cow-sheds for a total of 400 head of cattle
3. 3 field barns and 4 temporary farm barns
4. Temporary greenhouse of 3000 m2
5. 4 storage buildings for potatoes
6. Completion of Raisko building as a laboratory
II. Erection of temporary buildings for Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
1. Construction of a temporary bridge across the Sola river toward de-
tainee entrance, making use of temporary road overpass of road
administration, to be dismantled
2. Adding upper stories to 6 permanent detainee buildings
3. Completion of 5 permanent detainee buildings and new construction
of 15 detainee buildings to be used initially as follows:
5 housing buildings as workshops
5 housing buildings for storage
5 housing buildings for the guard units

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10. Crematorium In the POW camp
11. 4 officers’ housing barracks
12. Construction office barrack
13. Roads as required
14. Completion of existing houses and completion of one house for the
commander of the agricultural units at Auschwitz.”
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,JRU%DUWRVLNàXNDV]0DUW\QLDN3LRWU6HWNLHZLF]The Beginnings of the Extermination of Jews
in KL Auschwitz in the Light of the Source Materials$XVFKZLW]%LUNHQDX6WDWH0XVHXP
2ĞZLĊFLPS

“For this purpose, we ask therefore to make available to the Camp Head-
quarters the cable – 4 x 6 qm>P@ 1 KV – leading to Bunker I., Birkenau,
which is no longer needed.”
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“The Central Construction Office is willing to make available to the camp
headquarters, for the sirens’ control line and on a loan basis, the cable 4 x
6 qmm which extends from the provisional supply line to Bunker I, Birke-
nau.”
,Q SDUWLFXODU WKH IROORZLQJ WKUHH UHDVRQV VSHDN FRPSHOOLQJO\ DJDLQVW WKH K\
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“In the spring of 1943, gassings ceased in the two bunkers after the new
gas chambers and crematoria had been completed and were being
used. Bunker 1 and the barracks erected next to it were demolished or
disassembled, the local burning pits were filled in and leveled.”
$OWKRXJK WKH DOOHJHG ³%XQNHU ´ DSSHDUV WRJHWKHU ZLWK DQRWKHU EXLOGLQJ
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)3LSHU³9HUQLFKWXQJ´LQ:DFáDZ'áXJRERUVNL)UDQFLV]HN3LSHUHGAuschwitz 1940-1945.
Studien zur Geschichte des Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz9HUODJGHV6WDDW
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“The company Topf & Söhne, incineration technical devices, of Erfurt has
been given an order by this office to build an incineration plant as quickly
as possible, in view of the fact that the Auschwitz concentration camp will
be enlarged by a POW camp that will shortly be occupied by 120,000 Rus-
sians. The construction of the incineration plant has thus become urgently
necessary in order to prevent epidemics and other risks.”

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SSI6HHDOVR''ZRUN5-YDQ3HOWop. cit.QRWHSSI

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-&3UHVVDFLe macchine dello sterminio. Auschwitz 1941-1945)HOWULQHOOL(GLWRUH0LODQ
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“Most terrible are the mass executions by means of gas in chambers built
for that purpose. There are two and they can take in 1200 persons. They
are equipped with baths and showers, but instead of water there is gas
coming out of them. In this way, first and foremost are murdered entire
transports of unsuspecting persons. They are told that they are going to
have a bath, they are given towels – in this way, 300,000 persons have al-
ready perished. At first, they were buried in graves, now >WKHFRUSVHV@ are
burnt outside in ditches dug for that purpose. Death occurs by suffocation,
because blood is coming out of the nose and the mouth.”
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rent InformationSXEOLVKHGWKLVQHZVLWHP
“Over the last few months, in the camp area were organized >VLF@:
1) Gas chambers have been installed in which the Jews (on average 1000
persons per day) are poisoned.”
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\HDU WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI ,QIRUPDWLRQ i.e. RI SURSDJDQGD DQG 3UHVV RI WKH
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“Gas chambers: The first use of gas chambers took place in June 1941. A
transport of 1,700 incurable patients was organized and ‘officially’ sent to
a sanitarium at Dresden, but in reality >LWZHQW@ to a building transformed
into a gas chamber. This installation, however, turned out to be too small
and not very practical. It was therefore decided to build 5 new gas cham-
bers at Brzezinka >%LUNHQDX@ some 7 km from the camp. Construction was
terminated in April 1942. These 5 chambers are windowless, with double
doors that have bolts, and with gas input and ventilation devices. Each
chamber is laid out for 700 persons. A railroad has been laid out between
these buildings, by which the corpses are taken to graves that have been
dug in the woods nearby. Gassing of 3500 persons, including all activities
before and after, takes 2 hours. Those gassed are primarily Bolshevik pris-
oners of war and Jews. Among the Poles, mainly the terminally ill.”
7KLVVWRU\ZDVUHSHDWHGLQ³$QQH[,´HQWLWOHG³&RSLHVRID7DOHDQGRI5H
SRUWVIURPWKH$XVFKZLW]3HQDO&DPS´RIDUHSRUWGDWHG1RYHPEHUEXW
ZLWKDQLPSRUWDQWDGGLWLRQWKH*HUPDQWHUP³Degasungskammer´
“On January 1, 1942, 2000 Jews were brought in. During 1942, some
30,000 Jews and 15,000 Jewesses and children. Out of that number some
3,000 and 7,000 Jewesses were registered on the numerical list. The others
(including all the children) went directly to the 'HJDVXQJVNDPPHU. >«@
The 'HJDVXQJVNDPPHU was used for the first time in June 1941. A
transport of 1700 persons (incurably ill from venereal disease,
.|USHUVFKZDFKH> IUDLO SHUVRQV@, wounded who had had their ribs re-
moved, patients with meningitis) was formed and sent to a sanitarium at
Dresden (according to the official communication). Actually, they went to
the building that had been converted into a gas chamber. It turned out,

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however, to be too small and not very practical. >7KHQ@ an installation of 5

modern chambers was built at Brzezinka, some 7 km from the camp. Con-
struction was finished in April 1942. It comprises 6 >VLF@ blocks (window-
less, with double doors and modern apparatuses for feeding the gas and
for ventilation), each one for 700 persons. Between the buildings there is a
narrow-gauge railway which takes the corpses to graves, each 4 km long,
in the woods nearby. The entire area of the 'NDPPHU is off limits, anyone
found there, unless on assignment, faces the death penalty (this goes also
for the SS, the :HKUPDFKW, civilians and detainees) Gassing of 3,500 per-
sons takes two hours.”
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“Not very far away from Bunker 1 stood another small farmhouse. It was
whitewashed and had a floor area of some 105 square meters. To turn this
building into a gas chamber was easy enough (after all, this had been done
with Bunker 1 earlier on), and one could have squeezed some 500 persons
into it. But Höß wanted the ventilation to be improved. He consulted Bis-
choff who showed him an article by Dr. G. Peters, the director of Degesch
Co. (a firm producing Zyklon B), which described a delousing unit employ-
ing Zyklon B consisting of 8 small cells of 10 m² each arranged in paral-
lel.”
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“Finally, the ‘white house’ was split into 4 small gas chambers of about 50
cubic meters arranged in parallel. They were not equipped with mechani-
cal ventilation but were located in such a way as to catch the wind where it
was most frequently blowing (north-south at Birkenau).”
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“Every week, two transports on average arrive from Slovakia, from
France, from the >5XKU@ Basin and from the Government >*HQHUDO@. The
Jews from the Basin and from the Government are poisoned en masse; it is
difficult for us to determine their number, but it is so enormous that it is
impossible to remove the clothing after >WKH -HZV@ have been poisoned.
Near the gas chambers, there are some 15,000 garments, these have to be
removed every day by wagons.
There are two places for poisoning: in the camp crematorium (capacity
400 persons) and at Brzezinka where a few cottages of considerably great-
er capacity have been arranged for this purpose near the forest. The
gassed are buried in large graves. A small train specifically built to facili-
tate those transports runs up to them. The Jewish civilians who have to
load it are themselves poisoned after a certain time, others take their
place. Among the garments, once >WKH-HZV@ have been eliminated, there is
an enormous percentage of women’s and children’s clothes. On the latest
transport from Slovakia (200 persons) there were some 80 children (the
families were apparanetly used for work), they were poisoned at Brzezinka
together with their mothers.”
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“The second killing center is the camp hospital. There were killed all those
who had become so weak by diseases that, according to the opinion of the


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camp commander, they were no longer fit for work. From time to time, a
German doctor would inspect the patients and note their >,'@ number. The
next morning, very early, >WKH GHWDLQHHV@ were called out and killed by
means of injections. If their number was too high, they would be loaded on
a truck and taken to the Birkenau gas chamber. There are two of those,
and they can accept 1,000 persons at a time. They are two residential
houses, from which the inner walls and the windows have been removed.
Only wide, airtight doors and small openings for ventilation have been left.
On the inside, the chambers are arranged to look like a bath, from which
they differ only by the fact that instead of water, toxic gas comes out of the
showers. Inside, there is the track of a narrow-gauge railroad to take away
the corpses. Between the two chambers, there is a barrack which has been
spilt into two sections, one for women and children and one for men. The
drawing>@ explains the rest. The transport >RI GHWDLQHHV@ arrives on a
dead-end track, specifically laid for this purpose. It is received by the elite,
persons devoid of any feeling. Their number is small, that is why there are
30 of them. When the train arrives, the escort, which always consists of
several persons, helps them. All luggage is placed next to the track. Then
there is the separation and loading onto trucks. When strong persons for
work are needed, 100 or 200 out of the 1000 are selected and taken on foot
to the camps of Auschwitz or Birkenau. The rest are taken by truck to
Brzezinka. In the barrack they must undress immediately, because they
must go to the bath. For that purpose they are handed soap and a towel.
After the bath they are to receive underwear and clothing. When the cham-
ber is full, the doors are closed and the gas comes out from openings
shaped like a shower>KHDG@. What then happens inside is difficult to say.
After half an hour, ventilators are switched on, and after 45 minutes, the
corpses are already loaded on the carts and taken away. Death occurs
probably through asphyxiation, because all are bleeding from the mouth.
Initially, the corpses were interred and created enormous tombs that con-
tained about 200,000 persons. Presently, they are being burned in trenches
specifically dug for this purpose. In these trenches, a layer of wood is put
down, then a layer of human bodies, then a layer of paper, more wood and
another layer of corpses. When we come back from work, we see Brzezinky
on fire.”
7KLV UHSRUW LV EDVHG RQ D UHZRUNLQJ RI WKH SUHYLRXV OLWHUDU\ PRWLIV ZLWK WKH
DGGLWLRQRIDGDVKRIRULJLQDOLW\7KHDWWDFKHGGUDZLQJVKRZVWKHDXWKRU¶VHI
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“In the crematorium, the walls are stained with blood – because the people
who were overcome by the gas regain consciousness in the oven and
scratch the cement with their fingers in defense before they die.>@ The
same thing happens also with the open-air incinerations, where the poi-
soned victims remain conscious for some time in the cremation trenches.
About these burning trenches there are legends – they are known as the
‘Eternal Fire’ because they burn day and night.”
:LWK WKLV UHSRUW WKH SURSDJDQGD DFTXLUHV DQRWKHU OLWHUDU\ PRWLI VWDQGDUG IRU
WKH µKRUURU¶ JHQUH WKH LQFLQHUDWLRQ RI VHPLOLYH SHRSOH UHJDLQLQJ FRQVFLRXV
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$QQH[,RIInformacja BiecaQRRI6HSWHPEHUFRQ
WDLQVDUHSRUWGDWHG-XQHZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKHIROORZLQJSDVVDJH
“Up to the month of September 1942, 468,000 non-registered Jews were
gassed at Owicim. Between September >@ and June 1943 arrived
some 60,000 Jews from Greece (Saloniki, Athens), 60,000 from Slovakia
and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, some 50,000 from Holland,
France and Belgium, 6000 from Chrzanów, and 5000 from Kt, ywiec,
Sucha, Slemien and their environs. Of these persons, 2% are alive today,
the other 98% were sent into the gas, mostly young and very healthy peo-
ple, and were burnt semi-live. Each transport arriving at Owicim is un-
loaded, the men are separated from the women, then 98% (mostly women
and children) are loaded haphazardly onto trucks and taken to the gas
chambers at Brzezinka; after horrible tortures (suffocation), which last 10
to 15 minutes, the corpses are thrown out through an opening and burned
on a pyre. It should be stressed that before going into the gas chamber the
condemned must take a bath.

.6PROHĔHGop. cit. QRWHSSI

1REORRGVWDLQVFDQIRUPDWDIXUQDFHWHPSHUDWXUHRI&)«

IbidemSSI

Because of a lack of toxic gas, people are also burned half-alive. At the
present time, there are three large crematoria at Birkenau, for 10,000 bod-
ies per day, which burn corpses all the time and are called ‘Eternal Fire’
by the local population.”
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“As the crematoria are not able to cope with the number of people, the
corpses were normally cremated in an open trench in a field near Birke-
nau, and for three days one could see nothing but towering flames where
the corpses were being burned. More transports arriving from France
were executed in this way. Brzezinka celebrated its record with the gassing
of 30,000 persons in a single day.”
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“Entire transports are sent directly into the gas, without any registration.
Their number exceeds 500,000 persons, mainly Jews. Recently, transports

'DWDWDNHQIURP'&]HFK¶VKalendariumop. cit.QRWH

7KHIRXUWKFUHPDWRULXPQR,,,ZDVWXUQHGRYHUWRWKHFDPSDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRQ-XQH
5*9$S³hEHUJDEHYHUKDQGOXQJ´

&ILQWKLVUHVSHFWP\VWXG\ The Cremation Furnaces of Auschwitz: A Technical and Historical
Study&DVWOH+LOO3XEOLVKHUV8FNILHOGYROV


³List winia Owicimia´


of Poles from the district of Lublin have gone directly to the gas (men and
women). Children were thrown directly into the fire. Outside of Birkenau,
there is the so-called ‘Eternal Fire’ – a pyre of corpses in the open air –
the crematorium cannot cope.
Lately, gassing tests in the open air are being carried out for – military
ends.”
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“In the crematorium, 5000 corpses are burned every day, but as there are
more, the remaining >-HZV@ are burned alive in the ‘Eternal Fire’ in the
open air at Birkenau – the children are thrown into the fire alive.”
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³3U]HJOąGQDMZDĪQLHMV]\FKZ\GDU]HĔZNUDMX0HOGXQHNW\JRGQLRZ\]GQ9,,,U´.
6PROHĔHGop. cit. QRWHS

$6LOEHUVFKHLQDie Judenausrottung in Polen,;'ULWWH6HULH*HQHYD

([HFXWLYH2IILFHRIWKH3UHVLGHQWGerman Extermination Camps – Auschwitz and Birkenau:DU
5HIXJHH%RDUG:DVKLQJWRQ'&1RYHPEHU

$302'52W9DSSEDDas Lager Oswiecim (Auschwitz). $6LOEHUVFKHLQop. cit.
QRWHSS

“The gas chambers.

For the realization of these executions special gas chambers were installed
in the wood at B>LUNHQDX@. They were halls that had no openings in the
walls except for valves,>@ which could be opened or tightly closed as
needed. They were built in the nature of a bathing establishment in order
to divert the attention of the persons taken there. The execution was done
in the following way: The prisoners who were destined for execution were
checked once more and separated into those fit for work and those unfit,
and then loaded onto trucks. Such a convoy consisted of 8-10 tightly
packed cars. The condemned went along without a guard, because every-
thing happened inside the camp. Only an ambulance followed the convoy
because the camp doctor, by reason of his function, had to be present at
each execution. After arriving in the area of the chamber, which is sur-
rounded by barbed wire, the condemned had to undress, men, women and
children together. Each one was given a towel and soap. Then everyone
was herded into the chamber with many blows and ill-treatments. They
herded in as many as the chamber would allow, then the door was tightly
closed, and specially selected SS men threw >LQWR WKH FKDPEHUV@ bombs
filled with prussian acid>@ through the valves>@ in the walls. Ten
minutes later, the doors were opened and a special unit>@ (always con-
sisting of Jews) pushed the corpses away and made room for the next con-
voy.
At that time, the crematoria were only being built, so that the small crema-
torium, located, by the way, at Auschwitz, could not be considered at all
for the disposal of the corpses. Because of that, enormous trenches were
dug, and the corpses were buried there, one on top of the other. This state
of affairs lasted until about the autumn of 1942. As the gassing of the Jews,
at that time, proceeded with great intensity, enormous corpse-fields result-
ed, with masses of Jews >O\LQJDURXQG@ just barely covered by a thin layer
of earth. As the corpses putrified, vapors developed, and there was a hor-
rible stench of corpses. Because of this, in the autumn of 1942 all trenches
had to be excavated, the decomposing remains taken out and burned in the
crematoria (four of those had already been finished at that time) or else
piled into enormous heaps, and those >KHDSV@ soaked with gasoline and in-
cinerated that way. The great masses of ash which resulted from this were
moved away and strewn on the fields as fertilizer. Once the crematoria had
been completed, the corpses were burned there, but even then, as the

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crematoria could not cope, one had to resort to the old method and burn
piles of corpses.”
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“The Jews were thrown alive into gigantic concrete mixers and ground in
a pulp. This material was used for road paving and the roads were there-
fore usually referred to as ‘Jewish roads.’”

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“At the same time the so-called ‘selections’ started. Twice a week, on
Mondays and Thursdays, the garrison surgeon (camp surgeon) set the
number of detainees that were to be killed by gassing and then cremated.
The selectees were loaded onto trucks and taken into the birch forest.>@
Those who arrived there alive were gassed in a large barrack that had
been set up for this purpose near the cremation pit, and then thrown into
the pit and burned.”
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Tatsachenbericht ueber Auschwitz und Birkenau*HQHYD0D\5/:5%&KURQR
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“38,000 – 38,400.>@ 400 naturalized French Jews. These Jews arrived
with their families. The whole transport consisted of about 1600 souls. Of
these, some 400 men and 200 girls were admitted to the camp by the pro-
cedure described while the other 1000 persons (women, old people, chil-
dren, and also men) were taken directly from the railway siding to the
birch forest, without any evidence or treatment, and gassed and cremated
there. From this moment on, all Jewish transports were treated in the same
way. About 10% of the male deportees and 5% of the women were admit-
ted to the camp while the others were gassed on the spot. Even before,
Jews from Poland had suffered the same fate. For months on end, trucks
kept on taking thousands of Jews from the various ghetti >VLF@ directly to
the pit in the birch forest.”
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“At the end of February 1943 the new and modern crematorium and the
gassing installation were opened at Birkenau. The gassing and the crema-
tion of the corpses in the Birkenau >VLF@ were abandoned and those proce-
dures were, from now on, carried out in the 4 new crematoria built for this
purpose. The large pit was filled in, the land leveled, the ash had always
been used as fertilizer in the camp agricultural unit at Hermensee
>+DUPHQVH@, so that today there is hardly a trace to be found of the horrify-
ing mass murder that took place here.”
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“On December 17, 200 Jewish boys from Slovakia who had worked, as a
so-called special unit, at the gassing and the cremation of the corpses,
were executed at Birkenau. >«@ The unit was replaced by 200 Polish Jews
who had just arrived with a transport from Makow. >«@ This change of the
special unit cut us off from our direct contact with this ‘worksite,’ with un-
fortunate consequences for our food supply.”

Tatsachenbericht ueber Auschwitz und Birkenauop. cit.QRWHSSI

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“Up to the spring of 1943, two small farm cottages at Brzezinka/Birkenau
were used as gas chambers. All the windows had been walled up, and there
are only a few hermetically closed openings and fake shower heads on the
ceiling. It has to look like a bath! The truck convoys arrive, escorted by
armed SS men who straight away push in a naked crowd holding their tow-
els, unaware and unsuspecting, and close the door hermetically. Through
the openings they pour in a pulverized gas, from cans which bear the name
‘Cyklon.’ The powder, oxidizing itself, immediately poisons the persons
shut in. In order to consume less ‘Cyklon’ – a gas that smells like mustard
– they first throw in other cans which absorb the oxygen of the air. The
ventilator >LV VZLWFKHG RQ@ and special ‘Sonderkommando>V@’ throw the
corpses into two enormous pits, arranging them in layers and covering
them with calcium chloride. Because the pits fill up quickly, as early as
summer 1942 the corpses were laid on pyres of branches and wood and
burned with petroleum or gasoline. Children would be thrown directly on
the pyres amid really terrible curses. A black and dense smoke infests the
surroundings.”
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“Before entering into the gas chamber, everybody leaves the money and
valuables they have with them at a deposit.
They strip naked, checking all their garments, which will then be examined
again for valuables that might be concealed in them. Now they go into the
‘bath,’ i.e., the gas chamber, in groups of 1,000 persons. Nowadays, they
no longer get towels or soap – there is no time for that.
The two gas chambers work without pause and still do not manage to keep
up. Between two gassings, there is time only for ventilation. Elsewhere –
invisible to those coming in, of course – enormous piles of corpses are go-
ing up. There is no time to burn them.”
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“The corpses will be burned only after having been treated and controlled
in this way.”
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“Because the crematoria are insufficient, trenches are dug again in the
birch forest – as during the time before the crematoria were built>@ – 4 of
them, >HDFK@ 30 m long and 15 m wide, in which corpses are burned day
and night.”
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“According to a Jew of the special unit, >«@ was told by the people of the
special unit.”
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“From my side, the propaganda material went to Cyrankiewicz who
passed it on. From mid-1944 on we sent something at least twice a week.
Now the Auschwitz tragedy went around the world.
I think it is no exaggeration to say that the major part of the Auschwitz
propaganda, which spread through the world at that time, was written by
us in the camp.”

%%DXPWiderstand in Auschwitz. Bericht der internationalen antifaschistischen Lagerleitung
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“As a member of one of the two groups, I was taken to the gas chamber
called gas chamber no. 2, the other group was taken to gas chamber no.1.
>«@ The group brought in to work at gas chamber no. 2 was assigned var-
ious tasks by Moll. Twelve persons had to take away the corpses from the
gas chamber – I was one of those; 30 persons had to load the corpses on
the carts, 10 persons had to carry the corpses to the carts, 20 persons had
to throw the persons into the pits, 28 persons had to bring the wood to the
pits, 2 persons had to take gold teeth, rings, earrings etc. from the corpses
– which happened in the presence of two SS men – and two persons had to
cut the hair off the women in the presence of one SS man. Moll personally
lit the pyres.
After having worked for one day in gas chamber no. 2, I became sick and
was therefore assigned to cleaning work and other jobs in barrack no. 2. In
that barrack I worked until May 1943, then I was assigned to work salvag-

*$5)SS

ing bricks from semi-underground stores and from storage buildings in

masonry that the Germans had blown up. I worked there until February
1944 and at the same time for about two months in gas chamber no. 2 and
a few days in gas chamber no. 1.
The gas chambers 1 and 2 were located about 3 km apart from each other,
in the area of the village center of Brzezinka which the Germans had
burned.>@ The gas chambers were two modified houses whose windows
had been hermetically sealed. In the gas chamber called gas chamber no. 1
there were two rooms, in gas chamber no. 2 there were four.
At some 500 meters from gas chamber no. 1, there were two standard
wooden barracks, another two barracks stood some 150 meters from gas
chamber no. 2. In these barracks, men, women and children had to un-
dress, they were then herded naked into the gas chambers, all of them to-
gether, with the help of dogs. In each of the rooms of gas chamber no. 1
there were two doors; the naked persons entered through one and the
corpses were taken out through the other. On the outside of the entrance
door was written ‘To the disinfection’ and on the inside of the exit door ‘To
the bath.’ Next to the entrance door there was an opening of 40 by 40 cen-
timeters through which the Zyklon containing the hydrogen cyanide was
poured in from a can. At that time, the SS personnel wore gas masks. One
can contained 1 kg >RI K\GURJHQ F\DQLGH@. The empty cans were taken
away by the SS.
About 1,500 to 1,700 persons were squeezed into the two rooms of the gas
chamber. The gassing operation lasted about 15 to 20 minutes. Gas cham-
ber no. 1 had a floor area of 80 square meters. The Zyklon was poured into
the chamber by various SS men, one of whom was called Scheimetz. The
removal of the corpses from the chamber, as I have explained above, was
carried out by 12 persons taking turns, every 15 minutes 6 persons re-
moved>WKHFRUSVHV@. It was difficult to stay in the chamber for more than
15–20 minutes, because the odor of the Zyklon, in spite of the open doors,
did not go away. The clearing of the chamber took 2 to 3 hours. >7KHQ@ the
gold teeth were removed from the corpses and rings, earrings, and >JROG@
pins were taken away, and the women’s hair was cut off. The pockets of the
garments were searched for valuables, especially gold. An SS man was
present when the women’s hair was cut. Five hundred meters away from
gas chamber no. 1 there were four trenches where the persons >VLF@ were
burned, each one 30–35 meters long, 7–8 meters wide and 2 meters deep.
The corpses were transported to the trench by means of five carts of a nar-
row-gauge railway. Each cart was loaded with 25–30 corpses. It took

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about 20 minutes for a cart to go to the trench and back. Near the trenches
110 persons worked day and night in shifts. In 24 hours 7,000–8,000 per-
sons were burned in the trenches.
Gas chamber no. 2 had a floor area of about 100 square meters, each
room – there were four – had two doors. Gas chamber no. 2 could take in
2000 persons. Gassing took 15 to 20 minutes. The Zyklon was introduced
into each room of gas chamber no. 2 in the same way as for gas chamber
no. 1. The removal of the corpses did not take more than two hours, be-
cause all the doors could be used and, moreover, the narrow-gauge rail-
way passed along both sides of gas chamber no. 2, near the doors. With
this railway, the corpses were taken to the trenches on 7 to 8 carts. At 150
meters from chamber no. 2, there were six trenches of the same dimensions
as those near chamber no. 1. About 110–120 persons emptied the chamber
and burned the corpses. Over 24 hours, all the trenches of chamber 2
could burn no fewer than 10,000 persons. On average, in the ten trenches,
no >IHZHUWKDQ@ 17,000 to 18,000 persons were burned in 24 hours, but on
certain occasions the number of persons burned reached 27,000 to 28,000;
they had come from various countries and had different nationalities, pri-
marily Jewish >QDWLRQDOLW\@. To obtain a good combustion in the pyres,
when lighting, a liquid – low-grade gasoline – was poured on, but also
human fat. The human fat came from the trenches, in which the persons
were burning, by means of a small channel that went to another small
trench, into which the fat would flow; it was then recovered by the SS. In
February 1944 I was sent to work at crematorium no. 4.”
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“In each crematorium there were gas chambers and simultaneously gas
chamber no. 2 was in operation, from which the corpses went to the
trenches to be burned. Gas chamber no. 2 worked mainly when there were
6 to 7 transports of persons, then the corpses were burnt on pyres, in addi-
tion to the crematoria”
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“We were led into a forest where there was a brick cottage with a straw-
thatched roof. The windows were walled up. The door leading into the

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house had a metal plate with the inscription ‘Hochspannung – Lebens-

gefahr’ >KLJKYROWDJH±GDQJHURIGHDWK@. At about 30 to 40 meters from this
cottage stood two wooden barracks. On the other side of the house there
were four trenches, 30 m long, 7 m wide, and 3 m deep. >«@ Once we had
taken out all the corpses from this house, we had to clean it up meticulous-
ly, wash the floor with water, sprinkle the floor with sawdust, and white-
wash the walls.
The inside of the house was split into four rooms by means of partitions.
One of them could take in 1,200 naked persons, the second 700, the third
400, and the fourth 200 to 250. The first one, which was the largest, had
two little windows in the wall. The other three had only one. These little
windows were closed with wooden shutters. Each room was accessible by
means of a separate entrance. On the entrance door there was the plate of
which I have already spoken, with the inscription ‘Hochspannung – Le-
bensgefahr.’ This inscription was visible only when the entrance door was
closed. When the door stood open, it could not be seen, instead, there was
another sign ‘Zum Baden’ >WRWKHEDWK@. The victims destined for the gas-
sing saw another sign on the exit door of the chamber which said ‘Zur
Desinfektion’ >WRWKHGLVLQIHFWLRQ@. Of course, behind the door with this in-
scription there was no disinfection at all, because this was the exit door
from the chamber, through which we pulled out the corpses into the yard.
Each room had a separate exit door. The chamber that I have described
has been faithfully drawn on the basis of my testimony by the engineer Jan
Nosal from Owicim. This chamber was designated Bunker no. 2. In addi-
tion to it, at a distance of about 500 meters, there was another chamber,
identified as Bunker no. 1. This, too, was a brick house, but it was divided
into only two rooms, which could take in a total of fewer than 2,000 naked
persons. These rooms had only one entrance door and one little win-
dow.>@ Not far from Bunker no. 1 there was a barn and two barracks. The
trenches were very far away, a narrow-gauge railway led to them. >«@
Bunker no. 1 was dismantled completely as early as 1943. After the con-
struction of crematorium no. 2 at Brzezinka, the barracks near Bunker no.
2 were dismantled as well and the trenches filled in. The Bunker itself,
however, remained until the end and, after a long period of inactivity, was
put back into operation for the gassing of the Hungarian Jews. Then new
barracks were built and new trenches were dug. >«@
The capacity of Bunkers no. 1 and 2 was about 4,000 persons. Bunker no.
2 could contain, at one time, over 2,000 persons, and Bunker no. 1 fewer
than 2,000 persons.

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In 1943, we were transferred from the women’s camp to camp BIId, and
were first housed in Block 13 and then in Block 11. In the fall of that year,
I think, I was again employed at the ‘Sonderkommando.’ Between the work
at the Bunkers >DQGWKHQHZMRE@ I was assigned to the ‘Abbruchkomman-
do’ >GHPROLWLRQGHWDLO@.”
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“I was taken to the gas chamber called gas chamber no. 2.”
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“This chamber was designated Bunker no. 2. In addition to it, at a distance of
about 500 meters, there was another chamber, indicated as Bunker no. 1.”
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“In Crematoria III and IV > ,9 DQG 9 LQ WRGD\¶V QXPEHULQJ@, the gas
chambers were smaller than those of Crematoria I and II > ,,DQG,,,LQ
WRGD\¶VQXPEHULQJ@. These crematoria were of a new kind: they could ac-
commodate a transport of 3,000 persons. This Bunker was some 50 m long
and divided into two parts. In this Bunker, there was a bath with showers
and faucets, and a normal person entering it could believe that it was, in-
deed, a bath,>«@.”
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white house, a barrack.”
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the other.”
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chamber, indicated as Bunker no. 1. This, too, was a brick house, but it
was divided into only two rooms, which could take in a total of fewer than
2000 naked persons. These rooms had only one entrance door and one lit-
tle window.”
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“The greatest number of murders was, however, attained when the gas-
sings started, in 1941. In succession, 5 crematoria were built, which also
contained the gas chambers. People of all nations were gassed without dis-
tinction as to sex or age. For the gassings that were realized by means of
Cyklon-gas, the detainees were selected from the Auschwitz main camp
and the 36 subsidiary camps. Not only the severely ill were taken from the
infirmaries, but, on the contrary, mostly slightly ill patients. Then, at will,
people were screened from the various work units. It often happened that
entire work units were seized, such as the lumberyard, removed from their
workplace and transported to the Birkenau subcamp, where the gas cham-
bers and crematoria were located. Gassings of an unimaginable scope oc-
curred on the arrival of transports of deportees from the countries of
France, Belgium, Holland, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Ger-
many, the Polish camps, and Norway. When the trains arrived, the depor-
tees had to pass in front of the camp doctor or the camp commander, who
pointed with his thumb either to the right or to the left. Left meant death by
gassing. Transports comprising some 1,500 persons usually sent 12 or 13
hundred into the gas. The percentage of people meant to survive was rarely
greater. It happened that the SS doctors Mengele and Thilo would whistle
a tune while doing the selection.

*$5)S

The people meant to be gassed had to undress in front of the gas chambers,
to be whipped into the gas chambers. Then the doors were closed and the
gassings were carried out. After 8 minutes – death occurred after 4
minutes – the chambers were opened and the corpses taken out by a specif-
ically assigned special unit and taken to the various hearths of the crema-
toria that burned day and night. At the time of the Hungarian transports,
the ovens did not suffice, and gigantic incineration trenches had to be dug
for the corpses. Piles of wood had been soaked with petroleum. The corps-
es were thrown into these pits of fire. It often happened that the SS men
threw children and adults into these burning pits alive, and the victims died
a horrible death by fire. To save petroleum, oils and fats necessary for the
cremations were partly recovered from the corpses of those gassed. The
corpses also yielded oils and fats for machinery, even washing soaps.”
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“>LQ0D\@ the separate gas chamber>@ with the pyres>@ near it was
re-opened and went into service. >«@
At Birkenau, besides the crematoria, the Germans also built the separate
gas chambers>@ nos. 1 and 2 and the pyres near them where the people
would be annihilated. I don’t know when these >JDV FKDPEHUV@ started to
work, but I know that the Germans stopped to kill people there in April
1943. Gas chamber no. 2 and the pyres nearby as well as the pyres near
crematorium no. 5 were in operation between May and October 1944 in-
clusive.”
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“Initially at Birkenau, the gassings were done in the bunkers, and the
corpses were burnt in pits. The bunkers were camouflaged as ordinary
quaint farmhouses. Bunker 1 was in a field on the right-hand side of Birke-
nau, Bunker 2 on the left.”
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shot and burned in pits. The rule was that the gas chambers would be used
only for groups in excess of 200 persons, as it was not worthwhile to put
them into operation for smaller groups of people. It happened that several
detainees resisted during the executions or that children wept; then 2EHU
VFKDUIKUHU Moll would throw these people into the fire alive.”
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several languages: Polish, Russian, Yiddish, French, English, and Ger-
man. It was his knowledge of this last language and his gift as an illustra-
tor that made him useful to the SS. He wrote letters to their families for
them, with elegant calligraphy and floral designs. Nevertheless, he was as-
signed from time to time to the garbage ovens or had to participate in the
‘emptying’ of the gas chambers. He saw the paroxysms of horror that took
place in the crematory: the undressing in the cloakroom, the gassing, the
recuperation of dental fillings and hair, the incineration of the bodies, the
sexual violation by the SS of young Jewish girls, the so-called medical ex-
periments, the terror of the victims and the cruelty of the executioners.”
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“Inexact details:
– The hilly nature of the terrain. Reacting to the monotonous flatness of
Birkenau, David Olère, in some of his drawings, has introduced a
hilly landscape, clearly for artistic reasons only.
– The orientation of the hut on the right. We we >VLF@ should see the en-
trance, not the side.
– The house in the background on the right is probably a reminder of
Bunker 1, which no longer existed in 1944.
Exact details:

6HUJH.ODUVIHOGHGDavid Olère, 1902-1985. A painter in the Sonderkommando at Auschwitz /
un peintre au Sonderkommando à Auschwitz7KH%HDWH.ODUVIHOG)RXQGDWLRQ1HZ<RUN
SSI

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-&3UHVVDFAuschwitz:…, op. cit. QRWHS

– The relative positions of the ditch, Bunker V>@ and an undressing

hut are well respected though they are shown somewhat too close to-
gether.
– The positions of the door and of the opening for the introducing the
gas in the west corner of Bunker V are also correct.
– The hut is of the stable type.
– Part of the north-west wall was indeed set back as shown by the ruins,
but in the reverse direction.
– There was still a tree in front of Bunker V in 1982, of identical shape,
a striking coincidence as forty years later it is >«@ the same tree.
This scene recorded a year after the events by D. Olère is of such remark-
able precision as to be almost as good as a photograph.”
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“The drawing shows not only Bunker 2 but also the undressing barrack in
the correct position vis-à-vis the cottage. Of particular interest is the small
window in the side of the cottage with the heavy wooden shutter. This was
the opening through which the SS introduced the Zyklon B into the room.
The same way of introducing the gas was adopted in crematoria 4 and 5,
and not only do the plans, elevations and photographs of the crematoria
show these openings, but three of these shutters still survive and are pres-
ently stored in the coke room of crematorium 1. Even in its details, Olère’s
drawing is supported by surviving material evidence.”
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“One day, early in the morning, I received an order by telephone, asking
me to go immediately to the pyre>@ and to take the medicines and eye-
glasses that had been collected >WKHUH@ to the Crematorium I>@ to be sort-
ed and then shipped. The pyre was behind a grove of birches at Birkenau,
at some 500 – 600 meters from Crematorium IV>@, on a clearing sur-
rounded by a forest of fir-trees. It is located outside the electrified camp
enclosure, between the first and the second chain of guards. My freedom of
movement did not extend that far. I asked for a written permit at the office.
I obtained a ‘3DVVLHUVFKHLQ¶ >SHUPLW@ valid for three persons. I was, in
fact, accompanied by two men who were to help me carry the load. We
walked towards the huge black swirling column of dense smoke. It was vis-

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ible from all parts of the concentration camp,>@ and on it fell the terrified
look of all those who, having climbed down from the cars, fell into line for
the selection. Anyone who had the misfortune of being in this place saw the
column of smoke. It was visible at any hour of the day or night. By day, it
covered the sky above the Birkenau forest like a dense cloud. By night, it lit
up the surroundings as if it was a hellish fire. On our way we passed along
the crematoria. We came to a passage through the enclosure and, after
having shown the document to the SS guards on duty, walked through
without difficulty.
A fresh and green clearing comes into view, a quiet landscape, but my
searching eyes soon discover the second chain of sentries, standing or sit-
ting in the grass with their enormous dogs, next to their automatic rifles.
Crossing the clearing, we come to the entrance to the grove that surrounds
it. Again, we come to a wire fence with a wooden gate covered with barbed
wire. On the fence is a large warning sign with a text just like the signs on
the iron gratings of the crematoria ‘Access to this zone is strictly prohibit-
ed, even to unauthorized SS personnel.’ We, men of the ‘Sonderkomman-
do,’>@ entered. We did not even have to show our permits. The SS from
the crematorium was on duty here, as well as 60 men from Crematorium II,
men from the ‘Sonderkommando’ to which we are assigned. This is the
day-shift. They work from 7 in the morning until 7 at night when they are
relieved by 60 men from Crematorium IV who do the night shift.
On the other side of the fence, we come to a square, looking like a court-
yard, in the middle of which stands a long house with a thatched roof of
straw and a well-worn layer of plaster. Its small windows are covered with
boards. The construction has the well-known look of German farm houses.
It is at least 150 years old. One can see that from the old roof of blackened
straw and from the plaster that has fallen off the wall in some places. The
German State has expropriated the village of Birkenau, near Auschwitz, to
build its KZ there: they have demolished the houses, with the exception of
this one, and have moved the people away. What was the real purpose of
this house? A residence? It had separate rooms that had been knocked into
one large space by the removal of the dividing walls for a new purpose, or
for another similar task? I don’t know. Today, it is an undressing room,
those who find their death on the pyre leave their clothes there.
Here end up, coming from the ‘Jews’ ramp,’ those transports which do not
go into the four crematoria. Their end is horrible. Here are no faucets for
them to quench their burning thirst. There are no magic words to dispel
their ugly expectations. This is not a gas chamber which they believe to be

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a disinfestation installation. This is only a farm house with a thatched roof,

at one time painted yellow, with its shutters closed, but behind it an enor-
mous column of smoke rises into the sky spreading an odor of burning hu-
man flesh and of hair that smolders.
In this yard, there is a crowd of 5000 souls, petrified with horror. Around
them there is a tight chain of SS guards with enormous dogs held on the
leash. They go to the undressing room 300–400 at a time. Here, pursued by
incessant lashings they quickly drop their garments and leave through the
door that is on the other side of the house. Once in the open, they do not
have time to look around and to comprehend the horror of their situation,
because right away a man from the ‘Sonderkommando’ seizes them by the
arm and carries them through a cordon of SS guards along a path lined
with trees and some 150 meters long, leading to the pyre which they can
make out at the end of their road only once they come out of the tree-lined
lane.
The pyre is a trench 50 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters deep full
of hundreds of corpses on fire. On the edge of the trench, toward the tree-
lined lane, there are SS guards, every 5–6 meters or so, pistol in hand –
small-caliber pistols, 6 mm, for shooting people in the neck. Coming out
from the tree-lined lane, two men from the Sonderkommando working at
the pyre grab the unfortunate victim by both arms and drag him >RU KHU@
some 15–20 meters to the pistol of some SS man. Then, over the horrible
noise a shot rings out. It resonates and more often than not they throw >WKH
YLFWLP@ only half dead into the sea of fire in the trench. Fifty meters away,
there is another trench just like it. Here, at the pyres, the commander is SS
Oberscharführer Moll >«@
The daily capacity of the two pyres was about 5000–6000 bodies, some-
what more than one crematorium, but the death of those who arrived here
was a hundred thousand times worse.”
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¶LQWKHIROORZLQJZD\
“Towards the end of the summer, when Zyklon B ran low, the infirm from
the various transports who still arrived at Auschwitz were thrown directly
into the cremation pits at Crematorium V and Bunker 2.”
3UHVVDFQDPHVDVKLVVRXUFHWKHIROORZLQJGHSRVLWLRQRI+HUPDQQ/DQJEHLQDW
WKH)UDQNIXUW$XVFKZLW]WULDO
“In 1944, children were thrown alive into the huge fires that were burning
near the crematoria. We heard about this at the main camp and I informed
the garrison surgeon. Dr. Wirths refused to believe me. He went to Birke-
nau to find out. When I went to him the next day for dictation he simply
said ‘that was an order of camp commandant Höß. It was issued because
there was no more gas.’ From that time on, Dr. Wirths believed anything I
told him.”
7KLVZDVRQO\DFOXPV\DWWHPSWDWUDWLRQDOL]LQJWKHSURSDJDQGD PRWLIRIWKH
EXUQLQJRIFKLOGUHQDOLYHWKHOLWHUDU\RULJLQVRIZKLFKZHKDYHVHHQLQ&KDS

&ILQWKLVUHVSHFWP\VWXG\ “Medico ad Auschwitz”: Anatomia di un falso. La falsa testimonianza
di Miklos Nyiszli(GL]LRQL/D6ILQJH3DUPD


-&3UHVVDFop. cit. QRWHS

+/DQJEHLQDer Auschwitz-Prozess. Eine Dokumentation,(XURSD9HUODJ9LHQQDYRO
S

WHU/DQJEHLQ¶VFUHGLELOLW\FDQE\WKHZD\EHMXGJHGE\KLVDVVHUWLRQ
WKDWPLOOLRQSHUVRQVKDGEHHQJDVVHGDW$XVFKZLW]
(YHQWKHFODLPWKDWWKHUHZDVDODFNRI=\NORQ%DW$XVFKZLW]LVZLWKRXW
IRXQGDWLRQ ,W LV ZHOO GRFXPHQWHG WKDW NJ RI =\NORQ % ZHUH VXSSOLHGWR
WKHFDPSRQ$SULONJRQ$SULODQGDQRWKHUNJRQ0D\
,QFRQQHFWLRQZLWKYDULRXVGRFXPHQWVSUHVHQWHGDWWKH,*)DUEHQWULDO
5DXO+LOEHUJKDVH[DPLQHGWKHTXHVWLRQRI=\NORQ%VXSSO\DQGKDVFRPHWR
WKHFRQFOXVLRQ
“The supply was kept up to the end – the SS did not run out of >=\NORQ%@
gas.”
7KHUHIRUHWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGFRQWUDGLFWLRQRQWKHVXEMHFWRIµ%XQNHU¶UH
PDLQVDIDFW
6LJLVPXQG%HQGHO
6LJLVPXQG%HQGHO±IURP3LDWUDLQ5RPDQLD±VHWWOHGLQ3DULVLQ+HZDV
DUUHVWHG E\ WKH )UHQFK SROLFH RQ 'HFHPEHU DQG DIWHU D ZHHN ZDV
PRYHG WR WKH 'UDQF\ FDPS WR EH GHSRUWHG WR $XVFKZLW] RQ 'HFHPEHU
2QDUULYLQJDWWKHFDPSRQ'HFHPEHU%HQGHOZDVUHJLVWHUHGXQ
GHU,'QRDQGVHQWWR0RQRZLW]DQGWKUHHZHHNVODWHUWR%LUNHQDX
ZKHUHKHZDVHPSOR\HGDVDSK\VLFLDQILUVWDWFDPS%,,DWKHQDWWKH*\SV\
FDPS%,,H2Q-XQHE\KLVRZQDFFRXQWKHEHFDPHSDUWRIWKHVR
FDOOHGVSHFLDOXQLWDVDSK\VLFLDQ
2Q2FWREHU%HQGHOZDVLQWHUURJDWHGE\DQLQVSHFWRURIWKH3DULV
SROLFHRQEHKDOIRIWKH3ROLVKDXWKRULWLHVZKLFKDWWKHWLPHZHUHSUHSDULQJWKH
WULDO RI WKH $XVFKZLW] FDPS JDUULVRQ +H PDGH WKH IROORZLQJ GHFODUDWLRQ RQ
WKHVRFDOOHGµ%XQNHUV¶RI%LUNHQDX
“From May 15, 1944, on, a new gas chamber was set up, outside the camp
enclosure itself. It was installed in a farm cottage divided into two parts, in
which the detainees were gassed. From that time on, the bodies coming
from this chamber were no longer cremated in the crematorium ovens, ex-
cept in Crematoria I and II > ,,DQG,,,@. The bodies were placed in gigan-
tic trenches, in which the cremation was carried out. It was done in this
way: among the bodies, gasoline-soaked logs were put in and the fire was

'HFODUDWLRQE\+/DQJEHLQJLYHQLQ9LHQQDRQ$XJXVWWRPolizeidirektion*$5)
S³,P=XJHGLHVHU7UDQVSRUWHZXUGHQHWZD0HQVFKHQYHUJDVW´,QWKH
FRXUVHRIWKHVHWUDQVSRUWVDERXWSHUVRQVZHUHJDVVHG

36

5+LOEHUJDie Vernichtung der europäischen Juden)LVFKHU)UDQNIXUWYROS

6LJLVPXQG%HQGHODFWXDOO\ILJXUHVRQWKHDOSKDEHWLFDOOLVWRIWUDQVSRUWQRGHSDUWHGIURP
'UDQF\RQ'HFHPEHU6.ODUVIHOGLe Memorial de la déportation des Juifs de France
.ODUVIHOG3DULVDOSKDEHWLFDOOLVWRIWUDQVSRUWQRWKHERRNGRHVQRWFRQWDLQSDJHQXP
EHUV

0LQLVWpUHGHO¶,QWpULHXU'LUHFWLRQ*pQpUDOHGHOD6UHWp1DWLRQDOH3URFqVYHUEDOGHO¶DXGLHQFHGH
6LJLVPXQG%HQGHOGXRFWREUH$*.S

lit. This new method was introduced in the course of 1944 on account of an
influx of deportees, because the normal crematoria were insufficient. With
this new system, it was possible to burn 1000 persons >VLF@ in one hour
whereas a crematorium oven would have taken 24 hours to achieve the
same result.”
%HQGHO KDG OHDUQHG WKH GHWDLOV RI WKLV VWRU\ IURP WKH UXPRUV WKDW FLUFXODWHG
LPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUWKHZDU,QKLVGHEXWDVDSURIHVVLRQDOZLWQHVVRQ2FWREHU
ZKHQKHDSSHDUHGDVDZLWQHVVIRUWKHSURVHFXWLRQDWWKH%HOVHQWULDO
KHOLPLWHGKLPVHOIWRWKHIROORZLQJHYDVLYHKLQW
“Q: How many crematoria were there?
A: Four, and one which was called the ‘Bunker’ which was finally a gas
chamber. All were at Birkenau.”
,QKLVGHFODUDWLRQRI2FWREHUKRZHYHUKHGLGQRWPHQWLRQDQ\%XQ
NHUDWDOO2Q0DUFKZKHQ%HQGHOWHVWLILHGIRUWKHSURVHFXWLRQDW
WKH,*)DUEHQWULDOKLVNQRZOHGJHZDVVWLOOUDWKHUEDVLF
“Q: How many gas chambers were there at Birkenau?
A: Four crematoria and one Bunker >«@
Q: How many people could enter together into one crematorium?
A: Into Crematoria 1 and 2, 2000 each, into Crematoria 3 and 4, 1000
each and into the Bunker 1000.”
,Q D ERRN DERXW $XVFKZLW] ZDV SXEOLVKHGLQ )UDQFH WKDW FRQWDLQHG DQ
DFFRXQW E\ 'U 3DXO >VLF@ %HQGHO HQWLWOHG ³Les crématoires. Le
‘Sonderkommando’´7KHFUHPDWRULD7KHµVSHFLDOXQLW¶+HUHWRR%HQGHOLV
UDWKHU WDFLWXUQ RQ WKH DOOHJHG µ%XQNHU ¶ EXW KH YHQWXUHG WR VD\ WKDW WKH DO
OHJHGµ%XQNHU¶KDGWREHDIDUPFRWWDJH
“There were four crematoria, the fifth, called ‘Bunker,’ was a simple farm
cottage converted into a gas chamber ‘for the requirements of the pro-
gram.’”
$W WKH WLPH KH GLG QRW \HW NQRZ WKDW WKLV ³FRWWDJH´ KDG WR EH D IXOOVL]HG
KRXVH
,WLVQRWHZRUWK\WKDW'U%HQGHOMXVWOLNH'U1\LV]OLFODLPVWRKDYHEHHQ
DVVLJQHGWRWKHVRFDOOHGVSHFLDOXQLWE\WKHVDPHSHUVRQ±'U0HQJHOH±DW
WKHVDPHWLPH±HDUO\-XQH±EXWQRWRQO\GRWKHWZRSK\VLFLDQVLQWKHLU

5D\PRQG3KLOOLSVHGTrial of Josef Kramer and Forty-Four Others(The Belsen Trial),:LOOLDP
+RGJHDQG&RPSDQ\/RQGRQ(GLQEXUJK*ODVJRZS

1,

1,

$PLFDOHGHV'HSRUWpVG¶$XVFKZLW]HGTémoignages sur Auschwitz(GLWLRQGHO¶$PLFDOHGHV
'HSRUWpVG¶$XVFKZLW]3DULVS

³'U0HQJHOHJDYHPHWKHKRQRURIVHQGLQJPHWRWKHFUHPDWRULXP´53KLOOLSVHGop. cit.
QRWHS

WHVWLPRQLHV QRW PHQWLRQ RQH DQRWKHU EXW RQ WKH VXEMHFW RI µ%XQNHU ¶ DQG
QRWRQO\RQWKLVSRLQWWKH\KDYHJLYHQXVWRWDOO\FRQWUDGLFWRU\DFFRXQWV
$QGUp/HWWLFK
'RFWRU $QGUp /HWWLFK ZDV GHSRUWHG IURP $QJHUV )UDQFH RQ -XO\
DQGDUULYHGDW$XVFKZLW] RQ-XO\WREHUHJLVWHUHGXQGHU,'QR$
GRFWRU KH ZRUNHG DW KRVSLWDO EORFNV QRV DQG $IWHU 6HSWHPEHU
IURP DQ XQVSHFLILHG GDWH RQZDUGV XQWLO 0DUFK /HWWLFK FODLPV WR KDYH
ZRUNHG DV D SK\VLFLDQ LQ WKH VRFDOOHG VSHFLDO XQLW ,Q 0DUFK KH ZDV
WUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH*\SV\FDPS,Q-XO\KHZDVVHQWWRWKH+\JLHQH,QVWL
WXWHRIWKHWaffen66ZKHUHKHZRUNHGDVDEDFWHULRORJLVW/HWWLFKZDVHYDFX
DWHGIURP$XVFKZLW]RQIRRWRQ-DQXDU\
,QKHSXEOLVKHGDUHSRUWHQWLWOHG³7KLUW\IRXU0RQWKVLQWKH&RQFHQ
WUDWLRQ&DPSV$Q$FFRXQWRIWKHµ6FLHQWLILF¶&ULPHV&RPPLWWHGE\WKH*HU
PDQ'RFWRUV´LQZKLFKKHGHYRWHVDQHQWLUHFKDSWHUWRKLVOLIHLQWKHVRFDOOHG
VSHFLDOXQLW7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVHFWLRQUHDGVDVIROORZV
“One day, we>@ heard of a .RPPDQGR (special .RPPDQGR) where they
were looking for a physician and – it was said – where they did not suffer
from hunger. Seeing that we were getting sick, we asked to be called there,
as doctor>V@, to the block where this .RPPDQGR was housed. We had be-
lieved that the ‘6RQGHUNRPPDQGR¶ was a .RPPDQGR that was simply
burning the corpses, but as soon as we entered and came into contact with
our co-detainees, we learned of its real task. They, these co-detainees,
were the ones who took care of the death service when the trains arrived
and the new transports deported from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia,
Belgium, Holland, and France, men, women, and children had to be taken
directly and immediately to the gas chambers and burned. Right there we
had the opportunity to gather the most detailed account of the barbaric
acts committed by the SS.
This is how we went ahead: >«@
Up to the end of January 1943, there were no crematorium ovens at Birke-
nau. In the middle of a small birch wood, some 2 km from the camp, there
was a little house, looking quaint, in which a Polish family had lived before
they were driven out or murdered. At over 500 meters from there, there
were two barracks: the men went to one side, the women to the other. Very
politely, very kindly they were told ‘you have come a long way, you are
dirty, you must take a bath, undress quickly.’ Towels and soap were hand-
ed out and, suddenly, the beasts broke through and took on their real

$QGUp/HWWLFKTrente-quatre mois dans les Camps de Concentration. Témoignage sur les crimes
“scientifiques” commis par les médecins allemands,PSULPHULH8QLRQ&RRSpUDWLYH7RXUV
SS

/HWWLFKZULWHVXVLQJWKHUR\DO³ZH´

shape: this human herd, these men and women, were forced by violent
beatings to go out naked, in summer as well as in winter, and had to walk
those several hundred meters up to the ‘shower room.’ Above the door,
there were the words>@ ‘%UDXVHEDG¶ >VKRZHUEDWK@. On the ceiling one
could even see shower-heads that had been placed there, but which had
never squirted any water. These poor innocent people were squeezed to-
gether tightly one against the other, and at that point they would panic:
they finally understood what was to be their fate, but the beatings and the
pistol shots soon calmed them down and finally all went into the chamber
of death. The doors were closed, and ten minutes later the temperature was
sufficiently high to allow the vaporization of the hydrogen cyanide, be-
cause that was what the delinquents were gassed with. The German bar-
barians used ‘Cyklon B,’ a diatomaceous earth impregnated with hydrogen
cyanide at 20 percent. Now, through a little window, SS 8QWHUVFKDUIKUHU
Moll threw in the gas. One could hear the most horrible cries, but after a
few moments there was complete silence. After 20–25 minutes, doors and
windows were opened for ventilation and the corpses were immediately
taken to the trenches to be burned, but not before the dentists had pulled
out any gold teeth from their mouths. One also checked if the women had
not hidden any valuables in their intimate parts, and their hair was cut and
collected for some industrial use. The efficiency of this gas chamber did
not appear to be high enough. One could gas only 400–500 persons per
day.
Now, with the great scheme to destroy all its enemies that the Greater
Reich had devised (and one knows well how numerous these enemies
were), in August 1942 one had begun to build the crematorium ovens.
From the ground up, four crematorium ovens were built: ultramodern in
design, as only the Germans were able to conceive them. Huge chimneys
towered above them like those of factories. Of those four ovens, two had
nine hearths and the other two had six. On each hearth one could burn six
corpses at a time in about fifty minutes. Altogether, 180 corpses reduced to
ashes in one hour. Really advanced German technology. To give the reader
an idea of the destructive power and the size of those ovens, suffice it to
say that, to fan the flames, each hearth was equipped with an electric
blower of 12 horse-power. At the end of February, those ovens were cere-
moniously inaugurated. >«@
In this way, we have been able to watch, for nearly three years, transports
coming to Auschwitz from all parts of Europe disappear and vanish in the
flames and the smoke rising to the sky above Auschwitz. :LWKRXWH[DJJHUD
WLRQRQHFDQVHWDWIRXURUILYHPLOOLRQWKHQXPEHURIYLFWLPVZKRSHULVKHG

3OXUDOLQWKHRULJLQDOWH[W

LQWKLVZD\LQWKLVGHDWK FDPS. A ‘FRORVVDO’ execution worthy of the Ger-

man .XOWXU.>@
Realizing what role the 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR played, we were repelled and
tried to leave this .RPPDQGR by all means.
And those miserable ones in the 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR, who had imagined that
by virtue of those horrid tasks, to which they had been forced by threats of
death, they would be able to be themselves saved, they did not suspect the
fate that German ‘technology’ had reserved for them. In order for the veil
of secrecy to be well spread over all these horrors, those slaves of death
were housed in a separate block, shut off from any information about their
future. Having come from afar, condemned to silence and carefully
watched, they disappeared without a trace in total mystery. These unpleas-
ant witnesses, who were present, in fact, at the undressings and the gas-
sings and who then ‘liquidated’ the corpses, could one day have too loose
a tongue, therefore every three or four months, German prudence liquidat-
ed them in turn. The labor squads were thus radically and definitely re-
newed.
We managed to obtain our transfer and were assigned as doctor to the
Gypsy camp in March >@.”
)LUVWRIDOORQHFDQVD\WKDW$QGUp/HWWLFKQRWRQO\GLGQRWNQRZWKHGHVLJQD
WLRQµ%XQNHU¶QRUµOLWWOHUHGKRXVH¶RUµOLWWOHZKLWHKRXVH¶EXWDOVRWKDWKHGLG
QRW NQRZ WKDW WKHUH KDG WR EH WZR VXFK µ%XQNHUV¶ VRPHWKLQJ DEVROXWHO\
GXPEIRXQGLQJIRUDGHWDLQHHFODLPLQJWRKDYHZRUNHGLQWKHµVSHFLDOXQLW¶DVD
SK\VLFLDQEHWZHHQODWHDQGHDUO\7KHGHVFULSWLRQJLYHQE\WKHZLW
QHVVUHJDUGLQJWKHJDVVLQJFRWWDJHGRHVQRWILWHLWKHUµ%XQNHU¶RUµ%XQNHU¶
DQ\ZD\ 7KH H[LVWHQFH RI ³WZR EDUUDFNV´ ³RYHU PHWHUV´ DZD\ ZKLOH LW
GRHVDJUHHZLWK6]ODPD'UDJRQ¶VGHFODUDWLRQLQWKH6RYLHWGHSRVLWLRQLVOLP
LWHGWRWKLVLVRODWHGIUDJPHQWRIWKHSURSDJDQGDVWRU\)LQDOO\/HWWLFKSODFHV
WKHFRWWDJH³VRPHNPIURPWKHFDPS´DQGH[SODLQVWKHSUHVHQFHRIWZREDU
UDFNVE\WKHIDFWWKDWRQHZDVIRUPHQDQGWKHRWKHUIRUZRPHQ
7KHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHFRWWDJHLVDOVRFRPSOHWHO\LQFRQWUDGLFWLRQZLWKWKH
µRIILFLDO¶ YHUVLRQ E\ 'UDJRQ /HWWLFK DVVHUWV WKDW WKH ZRUG ³Brausebad´ ZDV
ZULWWHQDERYHWKHGRRU&RPSDUHWKLVZLWK'UDJRQ¶VVWDWHPHQW
“On the outside of the entrance door was written ‘To the disinfection’ and
on the inside of the exit door ‘To the bath.”
7RJHWKHUZLWKWKHOLWHUDU\GHYLFHRIWKH³Brausebad´/HWWLFKDOVRWDNHVXSWKH
FRUUHVSRQGLQJWKHPHRIWKH³VKRZHUKHDGV´DWWDFKHGWRWKHFHLOLQJRIWKHJDV
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³RYHQV´ ± i.e. &UHPDWRULD ,, DQG ,,, ± KDG ³QLQH KHDUWKV´ IXUQDFHV LQ
NHHSLQJZLWKWKHUXEELVKGLVVHPLQDWHGE\9UEDDQG:HW]OHULQWKHLUUHSRUW
ZKLOHWKHRWKHUWZR³RYHQV´&UHPDWRULD,9DQG9RQWKHRWKHUKDQGKDGVL[
³KHDUWKV´ IXUQDFHVHDFKZKLFKLVZURQJDVZHOO7KHFUHPDWLRQFDSDFL
W\ LQGLFDWHG E\ WKLV ZLWQHVV ± FRUSVHV SHU KRXU ± LV RI FRXUVH WHFKQLFDO
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ZHUHSRZHUHGE\DWKUHHSKDVHPRWRURIKS7KLVUXEELVKZDVDOVRUHSHDW
HGE\0LNORV1\LV]OLZKRZURWH
“They have switched on the gigantic blowers that fan the flames in the
boilers >i.e.LQWKHRYHQV@ Fifteen blowers of this type are running at the
same time! There is one next to each oven.”
:H KDYH KHUH D JRRG H[DPSOH RI LQGHSHQGHQWO\ FRQYHUJLQJ ± EXW ZURQJ ±
VWDWHPHQWV
/HWWLFKDOVREULQJVXSWRWKHDQHFGRWHRIWKHVRFDOOHGVSHFLDOXQLWEHLQJH[
WHUPLQDWHGHYHU\WKUHHRUIRXUPRQWKVE\WKH66ZKRZDQWHGWRHOLPLQDWHWKH
ZLWQHVVHVWRWKHLUFULPHVEXWWKHQSDWHQWO\UHWUDFWVLWZKHQKHVD\VWKDWKHKDG
KLPVHOIWUDQVIHUUHGDZD\IURPWKLVVRFDOOHGVSHFLDOXQLWZLWKRXWDQ\GLIILFXO
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³ZLWKRXWH[DJJHUDWLRQ´±VSHDNVIRULWVHOI
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³Tatsachenbericht aus dem Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslager Auschwitz
I, II und III i. O/S´³)DFWXDO$FFRXQWIURPWKH&RQFHQWUDWLRQDQG$QQLKLOD
WLRQ&DPS$XVFKZLW],,,DQG,,,LQ8SSHU6LOHVLD´ZKLFKZDVSUHVHQWHGLQ
HYLGHQFHE\WKHSURVHFXWLRQDWWKH3ROLVKWULDORIWKH$XVFKZLW]FDPSJDUULVRQ

Tatsachenbericht ueber Auschwitz und Birkenau*HQHYD0D\5/:5%S

&UHPDWRULD,,DQG,,,DFWXDOO\KDGIXUQDFHVZLWKPXIIOHVHDFK&UHPDWRULD,9DQG9RQHIXU
QDFHDQGPXIIOHV

0LNORV1\LV]OLDr. Mengele boncolóorvosa…op. cit. QRWHS

1\LV]OLRIWHQXVHVDYDJXHWHUPLQRORJ\KHUH³ND]iQRNEDQ´ZKHUH³ND]iQ´PHDQV³ERLOHUÉXWLW
REYLRXVO\VWDQGVKHUHIRU³KHDUWK´RU³IXUQDFH´

$PRQJRWKHUWKLQJVKHSURYLGHVXVZLWKWKHIROORZLQJGHVFULSWLRQRIRQHRI
WKH%LUNHQDXµ%XQNHUV¶
“Initially, there was as yet no railroad siding to the new gas chambers and
crematoria, it was laid only during the course of the $NWLRQ. But until it
came to that, the gassings were carried out in the so-called ‘gray house.’
This was a former farmhouse inhabited by a Polish family, the owner had
to relinquish the property. He was married and had children, but was put
under pressure, regardless, being made to understand that one was quite
ready to move him, too, into the Auschwitz I .=, it was an attempt at coer-
cion which, however, brought results.
There were three large rooms in this farmhouse; they were turned into
small gas chambers. The tradesmen from all the workshops received the
order to prepare these rooms. Especially thick doors were installed, clos-
ing hermetically, the windows were equipped with special shutters. The
electricians’ shop, too, received an urgent order; the electrical installa-
tions had to be put up as fast as possible and confirmation of completion
had to be given by 3:30 p.m.
There was no power line available, it had to be done by overhead cable.
We had to give up that idea and run a 1000 meter ground-cable and feed it
directly into the house; the installations were done in Anthygron, and eve-
rything had to be acid-proof; all this was done in a terrible hurry, and it
worked, otherwise there would have been unpleasant reports.
Altogether, 5–600 people could be gassed at the same time in these three
chambers. Outside the windows were tracks of a field-railroad leading to
the mass graves that had been prepared, and the corpses would be covered
there—one could not call it burial—they were laid out in layers, 4–5
corpses one on top of the other, with chlorinated lime in between, and only
a very thin layer of earth on top. The rain caused the whole thing to sink
down and so one could clearly see that corpses had been interred there.
Everywhere parts like noses, fingers or buttocks stuck out, in the heat of
the summer the bodies would boil, one could never walk across one of
those mass graves, it was like a roller-coaster, you would sway and slip.
These mass graves were some 350 meters long and about 10 meters wide.
Altogether, we brought1.8 million corpses there.
How was a gassing carried out? This was different depending upon where
it was done. Near the gray house there was a wooden barrack, this was
destined to store the corresponding clothes, underwear and other things of
the Jews. They had to undress there, were given each a towel and a piece
of soap, and then go ‘bathing’! Then they were led to the ‘bath-rooms,’

7ULDORIWKH$XVFKZLW]FDPSJDUULVRQproces zaogiYROSS$*.171SS

they entered, and the doors were closed right away; they were sealed her-
metically. In those doors there was a so-called ‘food trap,’ the gas was
thrown in through it. It was the gas ‘Zuklon B’ that was supplied for this
purpose by the car-load from the firm Stab und Teschow >VLF@ in Hamburg.
There were cans of 250 and 500 grams. There were also larger packs, in
rubber-coated cans. This gas was then thrown and so the gassing started.
It happened that the detainees thought it was something to eat, caught
some of the gas thrown and swallowed it, the effect was terrible. I once
talked about it with the detainee-physician Dr. Döring, who explained to
me as follows: The gassing is very quick, the people inhale 7 or 8 times this
toxic gas, then the lungs fill, they burst causing an immediate heart-attack.
The gas tastes disgustingly sweet and it takes several days to get it out of
your throat. I, too, had a taste of this by accident, when my workshop was
gassed against insects.
After a quarter of an hour, the chambers would be opened, then the venti-
lations go into service, in this case >WKHFDVHRIWKHµJUD\KRXVH¶@ the win-
dows are opened and then some detainees start inspecting the corpses for
gold teeth, implants and prostheses, finger and earrings. Everything had to
be taken from the dead. Only then the corpses were allowed to be loaded
on the waiting carts, which took them to the mass grave. For this work, the
detainees wore rubber gloves and rubber aprons.
The Firm Tesch and Stabenow has already been prosecuted by the British
military court and sentenced. This firm had also done the gassing of the
detainee blocks because of the lice infestation of the whole camp.
In this gray house gassing was done for some time until the completion of
the 4 new large and modern crematoriums in Birkenau-Auschwitz II!”
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“From that place, we could see what was going on at the so-called little
red house, the first gas chamber at Birkenau. From a distance of 400–500
meters, we observed through the lenses of the >VXUYH\LQJ@ instruments the
naked bodies of the gassed that were loaded onto carts from the side cot-
tages.>@ They were, for the most part, women and children. The carts
were so full that very often the heads of the corpses were dangling towards
the grave. At the time, the hair of the women was not yet shorn because
very frequently it was hanging down. My companions and I began to watch
closely and to note everything that went on, so that whoever might survive
would be able to testify. About two months later, with another group, I
went near the little red house out of curiosity and looked at the place were
they had thrown the corpses. Those graves measured about 20–30 meters.
>7KHFRUSVHV@ were arranged in the ground, one with his head one way, the

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next one the other way. They had been sprinkled with a thin layer of lime,
leveled and covered with another layer. At that time, detainees were dig-
ging new graves >«@
In 1944, when I was still at the camp, while doing surveying work at
Birkenau and making use of the fact that the second gas chamber was inac-
tive, we did work near the little white house, and I then had an opportunity
to see the arrangement of the temporary little house, where the people had
been murdered. I have a sketch of the whole area. On the outside doors
there was a sign saying ‘To the disinfection’ and on the inside, on the side
opposite that door, ‘To the bath.’ From this one can surmise that the poor
people who entered that room were being deceived. Behind the building
there was a track for carts, little wagons with which >WKH FRUSVHV@ were
immediately taken away.
Presiding judge: Does the witness speak of the little red house?
Wohlfahrt: There were two cottages, one they called red >FRWWDJH@ because
it was built of brick, the other one was plastered and they called it white
>FRWWDJH@.
P.: Were gassings done in both?
W. : Yes.
P.: Can you indicate the location of the cottage, seeing that you are famil-
iar with measuring?
W. : I can do that precisely. The red cottage was more or less to the west of
the third sector at Birkenau,>BA,,,@ at a distance of 200–300 meters. Near
that cottage there was a clearing with graves. That cottage was demolished
in 1943, when I went there at that time>@ the whole area had been plowed
and the cottage was gone.
P.: Was the cottage visible or was it surrounded by the forest?
W. : The red cottage was visible, whereas the white cottage was surround-
ed by woods, furthermore, on the side towards the camp, >VXUURXQGHG@ by
branches to conceal any movement that might go on there >«@
P.: What did the inside of that white cottage look like? What signs were
there?
W. : There were no signs, it was rough. >«@
P.: What was the capacity of that structure?
W. : Four rooms and, although it was made of brick, I think it was straw-
thatched; it must have been a barn that had been made into a house. Then
it was redone in such a way that there were three rooms in the main part,

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and in the annex>@ a fourth >URRP@. Each room had a door on either side
and little windows of 50–60 centimeters.
P.: How many people could it take in?
W. : The floor area was around 30 >VTXDUH@ meters, about 4 meters by 7–8.
Each room >FRXOGFRQWDLQ@ over 100 persons.
P.: Hence about 400 at one time?
W. : Yes.”
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“In the beginning of the camp activity, the Germans had two gas cham-
bers, which were three kilometers apart from each other. Next to them
stood two wooden barracks. The persons who arrived with the transports
were led to the barracks, undressed, and were then taken into the gas
chamber. >«@ Up to 1500–1700 persons were crowded into the gas
chambers, then the SS, wearing gas masks, threw >LQ@ Zyklon through
openings. The gassing took 15–20 minutes, then the corpses were pulled
out and taken on carts to the trenches where they were burned.”
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“The others had to march on to the so-called Bunker V (another farmhouse
in which gassings took place). There, SS +DXSWVFKDUIKUHU Moll received
us; he had gone there on a motorcycle, in a white uniform. He addressed
us with the words: ‘You will get grub here, but you will have to work.’ We
were taken to the other side of Bunker V, and while we could not see any-
thing particular in the front, we saw in the back what this Bunker was used
for.
A pile of naked corpses was there, the corpses had swollen, and we were
ordered to carry them to a pit that was about 6 meters wide and 30 meters
long and that contained corpses already on fire. We tried to take the
corpses to the place indicated. But that was too slow for the SS. We were
savagely beaten, and one SS man ordered ‘one man will carry one corpse.’
Not knowing how to do this, we were beaten again, and then the SS man
showed us that we had to seize these corpses by the neck with a crook and
drag them over. We had to do this work until 18 hours >SP@. At noon, we
had thirty minutes of rest. Food was brought but none of us wanted to eat.
Then we had to line up again. We were led to the Birkenau camp section
>%,,@d, Block 15 – an isolated block. That night, we were tattooed with our
detainee numbers.
The next day, we had to march out again, the one group of 100 to Crema-
torium III and the 150 of us to Bunker V. Our work did not change. It
stayed like that for eight days. Some of us threw themselves into the fire
because they could not go on. If I should estimate their number today, I
should say eight or nine. A rabbi was among them.”
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“>…@ there were 150 persons who were taken to Crematorium 4 (V),>@
the other 100 were led farther away, to ‘Bunker 5.’ It was a farmhouse
consisting of 3 rooms. As we approached the house, I saw three windows
and three doors. The doors were very strong and had bolts, which attract-
ed my attention, and they had nothing in common with the normal doors of
a farmhouse. The house was thatched with straw. On the other side of the

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house there were doors as well. As far as I can remember there were also
three doors on that side. The rooms had a concrete floor. When I was made
to stop – just like the others – in front of that house, a Hauptscharführer
arrived – I later learned that his name was Moll. He moved around on a
heavy motorcycle. Moll told us in no uncertain terms that we had to work
here, but would also get food. Moll took us to the back of the house, where
we saw the hell of Auschwitz that no normal human being could imagine:
there was an enormous pile of corpses stacked up like hay. Moll started to
scream at us to get us to work. He told us to take the corpses from the pile
to a trench that had already been dug. Four of us took one corpse, two by
the arms and two by the legs. When we came near the trench, which was 30
meters long and 10 meters wide, we noticed that on the bottom there was
wood, logs. Near us I saw another trench that was already on fire; the one
to which we were taking the corpses had just been dug. At that moment an
SS man pounced on us and started to hit us, yelling that each of us should
take one corpse. He showed us many walking sticks with the knob bent into
an arc and showed us how we should work: he put the curved part under
the neck of a corpse and dragged it across the ground behind his back. We
now had to do the work like that.”
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“One day, the Birkenau /DJHUIKUHU, Schwarzhuber, came to the punish-
ment company. I already knew him from >P\WLPHDW@ Auschwitz, where he
was Fritzsch’s substitute. Schwarzhuber called me out. This happened after
the roll call but before the details moved out for work. He asked me, using
the polite form ‘sie,’ whether I had built roads at Auschwitz. I answered in
the affirmative. He ordered me to go in the direction of the .|QLJVJUDEHQ
>UR\DOGLWFK@. At the level of the future Crematoria III and IV there was a

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straw-covered house that had been turned into a gas chamber. But there
was no access >URDG@. Schwarzhuber ordered me to go there, adding that
someone from the %DXOHLWXQJ would arrive presently and tell me what to
do. That was probably in early August 1942, but I don’t remember the ex-
act date.
When I was at the site, I saw a steamroller. The driver was a civilian. I
asked him what he was doing there. He answered that he was to roll out a
road but did not see it. I explained to him that not far from there the de-
tainees of the penal company>@ were still at work, about 500 of them at
that time. It consisted then mostly of Jewish detainees from France.
I looked around when, suddenly, a motor-car arrived. An SS officer who
worked at the %DXOHLWXQJ got out. He already knew my name. He told me
that I was to build a road at that place – but I did not know how. He an-
swered that detainees from the 6.>@ would be assigned to me to do the
work and that the construction material for the road (bricks) would be
brought by detainees, who were demolishing a couple of houses and some
barns in the area. We decided to put down a layer of bricks, then some
gravel, which would be rolled, and finally sand on top. On the sides we
were to dig a ditch with vertical brick walls to sustain it. The officer told
me that the road had to be ready within three days.
After he left, the equipment was delivered: some of the detainees of the
6. were assigned to the demolition of the buildings mentioned and to the
transportation of the bricks. Work proceeded quickly, but on the third day
we were still far from having finished. We had done a stretch of 150 me-
ters, but there were still another 300 to be done.
In the afternoon three trucks full of women arrived from somewhere. Some
days earlier, near the gas chamber cottage, a large excavator had been at
work. Deep trenches had been dug. The cottage itself stood among a few
rather tall trees. Towards the trenches, in the winter time, red firs had been
planted to hide the trenches.
Inside the house there were doors opening onto a corridor from which oth-
er doors led into two rooms, to the right and to the left of the corridor.
These rooms also had doors which opened directly to the outside, toward
the trenches. I remember that earlier, the ceilings in that building had been
taken out and replaced by a concrete slab. A bricklayer .DSR, a German
detainee who was part of the 6., had supervised that work. His name was
Zimmer.

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The house, if I remember rightly, was made of brick, but the roof was cov-
ered with straw. That I recall very well. The whole house was painted
white. In the new ceiling openings had been left from which, in the center,
the gas was thrown. The .DSR bricklayer told me about this.
I shall go back to the day when the three trucks arrived. They proceeded
even though the road had not yet been finished. The house – the gas cham-
ber – stood some 50–80 meters away from the road. When the trucks
stopped, the women were unloaded. The trucks disappeared. The SS per-
sonnel ordered the women to go into the house. They refused and did not
want to follow the order. The SS unleashed the dogs – there were several,
four or five – and set them onto the women. The dogs fell on them like wild
beasts. It was a horrible sight. The dogs tore into the abdomens and
yanked out the bowels, biting into their backs and their hands. The women
let out screams and moans and in a panic ran towards the doors. After
that, we had to pick up the women who were lying on the ground. I saw all
that with my own eyes because I stood fewer than a hundred meters from
that spot. The trees were high and quite sparse and thus did not hide the
house from view. Of course, the same scene was observed by the detainees
working on the road. The women were still quite well fed and wore civilian
clothes. Among them I did not notice any children. In my opinion, that was
the first gassing in the Birkenau zone.”
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“In April 1942 I was moved to Birkenau, Camp BIIb, with the punishment
company. The punishment company, in which I served, had been assigned
between early May and the 20th of the month to dig ditches in the camp. At
that time, over by the >ODWHU@ crematoria, some 50 meters >RXWVLGH@ the
fence, the foundations for a concrete slab had been completed to a height
of a meter and a half and were partly covered by boards. Only a few civil-
ians were at work there, one of them whom I knew would throw me pieces
of bread over the fence.
One morning in early August 1942, after the roll call, /DJHUIKUHU
Schwarzhuber came to the punishment company, checked everyone and
asked me whether I had built roads at Auschwitz, which I confirmed. He
then took me to the camp office and sent me to the road from the present
Birkenau monument>@ towards Crematorium IV.
An officer from the Bauleitung came up and with him I determined how to
build the road with a solid pavement. The entire punishment company,
some 600 men, was assigned to that task. On the third day, near the Bunker

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2 farmhouse, which was in that area, three trucks with women detainees
arrived, and the first gassing was carried out in that Bunker. That must
have been on August 10, 1942. Where could the first cottage, turned into
Bunker 1, have been at that time? I wish to add here, when I was still at
Auschwitz in the punishment company, I once worked as a bricklayer with
a German .DSR (Zimmer Hainc >+HLQ]@) who was transforming that sec-
ond farmhouse into Bunker 2. He described that Bunker in detail and drew
it for me. But he did not tell me anything about this other farmhouse >%XQ
NHU@.”
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“There was great activity also in the whitewashed farmhouse, separated
from the camp of Birkenau by a wooded area which was now Bunker 5.”
“In addition, the farmhouse, which had served as a place of extermination
in 1942, was put in running order. Its four rooms served as gas chambers
while an additional four cremation pits were dug outside. The changing
rooms were located in three wooden barracks, and the whole complex was
known as Bunker 5.”
“>«@ while on the site of Bunker 5 with its four gas chambers corpses
were burnt in four pits.”
“>«@; mass extermination in Bunker 5 had ceased altogether. For some
time now no corpses had been burnt in the pits behind crematorium 5. But
the ovens in this crematorium were operating again. As we had feared
there was another selection. It came on 7 October.”
“The hot summer had ended and now it was autumn. For some time now
pits had not been used for burning corpses, >«@”
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“On arrival, all seven of us, without exchanging a word, understood why
our SS man had been so kind. I immediately had to throw up. We saw two
large rectangles traced out on the ground some 20–30 meters wide and

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50–60 meters long. In one of them, there were red stains. In the middle
there were, at regular intervals, three posts with spotlights on top. The oth-
er rectangle was only sketched out on the ground, the earth had a normal
color and at the places of the posts had been dug three holes.”
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“We had seen a kind of barn, closed on three sides, of the type where the
farmers store their hay, and not far from there three or four pretty build-
ings, like country houses, of which only the first, fairly close, was clearly
visible. The convoys arrived, adult men and small children together, wom-
en, girls, and babies together. They moved, completely naked, in groups of
twenty towards the cottage. Even from a distance, we could see that they
were not scared. They were led by an odd-looking group in white, four
men, then two SS >PHQ@.
When the persons had entered the cottage, a heavy door was closed on
them. When the door had been well locked, an SS >PDQ@ walked by with a
tin-can (the tin-can that I saw looked exactly like a paint can) and disap-
peared from view, hidden by the house. Then we heard a clanking sound of
an opening, more like a trap than like a window. Then two more clanking
sounds, the prayer 6KPD,VUDHO sounded, then we heard some screams, but
only very faintly.
One by one, at the last moment, before vanishing behind the door, the peo-
ple understood. I saw one group of men resisting. The event had been fore-
seen: a detail of four or five persons waiting near the door pushes them in
while an SS >PDQ@ shoots them in the head. The outside of the cottage was
so ordinary that such an incident was very rare. Over seven days, I only
saw one revolt with my own eyes. But others did occur because several
times, from a distance, we heard the characteristic noise of a point-blank
shot.”
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“Thus, the hole was gigantic, laid out to bury several thousand Jews. On
the other hand, if it had contained only a few corpses, the earth would not
have been stained with blood. Now, four houses and twenty persons per
house were insufficient to fill such a basin.”

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“When the first crematorium oven became operational, the victims were
recovered to be burned: I was part of the .RPPDQGR made to dig out the
dead, thousands of dead.”
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“Two months later I met a detainee still employed at digging out the dead.
Not just mud: the ground was frozen. They had to break the ground and the
dead with pick-axes.”
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“President: Where were gassings done in 1942?
Buki: I was put into the special unit on December 14, 1942. Our first task
was to burn the corpses of the preceding special unit. The striped clothes
of those detainees were all over the place. The corpses were burned in
trenches. There were as yet no crematoria. The gassings were done in little
whitewashed houses. Our unit was split up into special units I and II. From
our transport 200 detainees had been selected for the special unit. Later,
special units I and II were enlarged.
P: How long were the two little houses used for gassing?
B: Until the crematoria were built.
P: Were there gassings every day?
B: Yes, most days, day and night.

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P: How did the incineration run, when the crematoria were not yet built?
B: SS men with dogs were guarding the arrivals. They had to undress and
line up. Then the door to the farmhouse was opened, it was ‘walk up!’ and
the dogs were turned on the people. Not all would go in each time. Some-
times there were too many. In the end it was always the sick and elderly
who remained. They were shot outside, dressed.
P: Then what happened?
B: The door was screwed shut. Then the gas was thrown in through the
window. There was a specialist for that. A car with a red cross also came
up. This car was present at every gassing.
P: Were there any doctors around?
B: Yes.”
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“On 10th December 1942, I… was arrested by the Germans and trans-
ported to Auschwitz where I arrived on the 12th of that month…
The next morning at 5 o’clock, an SS officer accompanied by several men
ordered us to go outside and took us to a brick farmhouse on the edge of a
wood. In front of this house there were about 40 corpses of shot (?) men.
We loaded these bodies onto trolleys mounted on narrow-gauge rails. The
door of the house was then opened by an SS man. We saw that the interior
was full of corpses, some lying some standing and others hanging onto one
another. About twenty minutes or perhaps half an hour after the door was
opened, we were given the order to remove the bodies and load them on
the trolleys.
The bodies were all naked and some had blue stains on them. We took the
trolleys to a grave about 40 metres long and I dank about 6 metres wide
which was about 100 metres (actually 300 to 400) from die house. Before
the grave there was another group of deportees who threw the bodies into
the hole... We learned that we formed part of a group called a
‘6RQGHUNRPPDQGR¶ whose job was to transport the bodies of the gassed to
the grave...
While, on the first occasion, we were taken to the house after the gassing
had already taken place, later we were already there when the convoy ar-
rived. Under these conditions I was able to see the whole process. The
men, women and children were made to undress in a shed near the house.
They were then obliged to walk very quickly or even run between two ranks

-&3UHVVDFAuschwitz:…op. cit. QRWHSS2PLVVLRQHOOLSVHVHPSKDVHVDQGFRPPHQWV
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of SS who had dogs. In this way they reached the open door of the house
and went in. They were told that it was simply a shower for disinfection
purposes, after which they would be admitted to the camp to work there
under normal conditions. When the interior of the house was absolutely
full, the door was closed. Doctor Mengele who was often (present) or an-
other doctor replacing him, gave an SS man the order to inject the gas. To
do this he climbed several steps by the side wall of the house and intro-
duced through a little chimney (opening) the contents of the can that he
opened with a knife. About twenty minutes after the injection of the gas, the
door was opened and the work of removing the bodies commenced about
half an hour afterwards. After being taken back to Block 11, we could see
the flames that consumed the bodies in the grave.”
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“>,@Was deported to the Birkenau camp in 1942 as detainee, and within a
few days of my arrival at the camp >,@was assigned to the special unit that
had to do work in and around the crematorium.
My work consisted of moving the corpses from the gas chambers to the
various incineration sites (crematorium, cremation pits). This I did until
November 1944 >ZKHQ@ the gassings were stopped.
The gassings occurred in the following way:
After the arrival of a transport, a selection was carried out on the platform
of the station, in the presence of 2EHUVWXUPIKUHU Grabner. They were told
to undress quickly and totally, under the pretext that they would be taken to
a bath. Those who did not undress quickly enough were brutally beaten
with clubs by the SS, besides, the heat in the gas chambers was so great
that most people were numbed before they actually died. Here, too, 2EHU
VWXUPIKUHU Grabner was sometimes present. The gassing as such took 6–8
minutes, and the rooms were opened after half an hour, whereupon the
corpses – sometimes so entangled they had to be torn from one another –
>ZHUH@ transferred to the incineration.
But before they were burned, the women’s hair was cut and all corpses
possessing gold teeth were divested of them. These objects were thrown in-
to a particular box, which was immediately taken to the Political Depart-
ment, of which Maximilian Grabner was the head.
Grabner participated in the ill-treatment of the people before the so-called
bathing; he was always dressed exceedingly pedant>LFDOO\@ and walked
around with polished boots, his hands crossed behind his back, and beat
the people or kicked them with >KLV@ feet.

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3UREDEO\-RVHI+RXVWHNRIZKRPLWLVNQRZQRQO\WKDWKHZDVSURPRWHGWRRottenführerRQ2FWR
EHU1RUEHUW)UHL7KRPDV*URWXP-DQ3DUFHUHWDOHGVStandort- und Kommandan-
turbefehle des Konzentrationslagers Auschwitz 1940-1945.*6DXU0XQLFKS

7ULDORIWKH$XVFKZLW]FDPSJDUULVRQYRODS

My declarations made above correspond fully and completely to the truth

and I affirm this by a signature with my own hand.”
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“We left the camp. We passed through small clearings, a little wood. About
every 300 metres there was a watch tower.
Suddenly, a deportee left the ranks and started running in the direction of
the camp shouting ‘1HLQQHLQ/no, no, I want to go back to the camp’. We
stopped, an SS man shouted to him to come back. He did not obey, the SS
shot him. Four deportees went to fetch him. Three hundred metres further
on, another deportee did exactly the same as the first. I could not under-
stand a thing...
... Ten minutes later, I saw in the distance big heaps of corpses, as if there
was a death factory near by. As we approached, we could see them better.
They were all mixed up together like wooden dummies. Some had their
cheeks torn. Their gold teeth had been extracted. There were women, chil-
dren, babies.

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We marched 200 metres and stopped in a clearing. Two SS officers were

there and gave orders to the SS men. Further on about one hundred
6RQGHUNRPPDQGR men were pushing platforms of 3m by 2m mounted on
wheels and on these platforms there were corpses lying one on top of the
other. They put them in front of graves about 20m long, 3m wide and
2.50m deep.
There were about ten graves ready to receive the martyrs. Parallel to these
open graves there were some that had been covered with earth and these
extended over about 300 metres. It could not have been long since they
were covered over. On the earth in places there were trickles of light col-
oured decomposed fat mixed with blood. After receiving orders, the Capos
split us into groups. Some of our comrades took picks and shovels and
jumped into the graves. As for me, I went with other comrades to join the
6RQGHUNRPPDQGR to transport the corpses like them. The men of the
6RQGHUNRPPDQGR received us with stone throwing and called us all sorts
of names. They laughed and amused themselves like criminals, making
themselves accomplices of the SS to please them. Basically, it was that, the
nazi regime... all of a piece.
In this .RPPDQGR, the &DSRV, the SS and the 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR all hit us,
and threw us on the heaps of bodies to laugh at our fear. The SS fired on us
and every day we had to take to assassinated comrades back to the camp to
be counted at the evening roll call.
At midday the 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR ate separately and we ate far from them,
almost a double ration and a few potatoes. There was also a distribution of
bread from a convoy, stale and even mouldy. Some comrades exchanged
non-mouldy bread for mouldy in order to have a bigger quantity. Little
pools of water formed in the graves and as we were very thirsty, we quickly
jumped down and lapped up the water and climbed out again very fast. We
were reduced to the state of animals...
One morning, we had hardly arrived and were getting ready to pick up the
picks and shovels, when an SS who was waiting for us ordered the guards
to keep marching and to follow him. We crossed the entire clearing and
took the track along which the wagons arrived...
We arrived in another clearing. There were two big concrete blocks at
least 20m wide and perhaps as many long. Near these blocks there were
three mountains of bodies. One of men, one of women and one of children
under ten.
The 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR men received us as on previous occasions with
stone throwing and abuse. We stopped in front of the big heaps of corpses
and the &DSRV made us understand that we had to load the corpses on the
wagon platforms and transport them to the empty graves. We rushed to the

wagons and started working like mad... for what mattered most was to get
away from the gas chambers...
One morning, the doors of the Bunkers, as they called them, were open. I
noticed that there were shower heads and along the walls clothes hooks. I
remember that a comrade made signs to me to make me understand that we
should never look in that direction, which meant also, ‘if you don’t want to
be shot at by a sentry, don’t look’. In fact I saw that all the comrades were
working with their backs to the Bunkers to avoid giving even the slightest
glance towards the two extermination Bunkers...
One day, arriving at work I saw electricians installing lamp posts by the
empty graves and fitting big lamps. I immediately realised that there were
also going to be night shifts...
The same day, 4th September 1942, after the roll call, there was a ‘selec-
tion’ and contrary to what normally happened every time there was a se-
lection, this time the nazis chose the strongest, the most healthy.
We waited a good hour before departing. A commrade said to me: ‘What
are you doing amongst us ? Didn’t you hear the order that those who
worked in the 6RQGHUNRPPDQGR were not to step out of the ranks?’ I was
dumbfounded...
After two hours march we arrived at the Jawischowitz camp.”
3UHVVDFWKHQUHODWHVZKDW%HQURXELWROGKLPGXULQJDQLQWHUYLHZDERXWZKLFK
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“The Bunker was a brick-built house, with the windows filled in... We had
to turn our backs to the Bunker when we picked up the corpses, never look
at the gas chambers...
Twenty metres from me, there was a door still open, of the rolling or slid-
ing type, and beyond it on one side a ground floor door through which we
could see shower heads. From the back no writing was visible. The
6RQGHUNRPPDQGR took the people out of the gas chambers and twenty me-
tres away made them into separate piles of women, children and old men.”
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“I remember the first day very well. We were in the D-camp, and one night
we were taken behind the outermost crematorium building, where I saw the
most gruesome thing I have ever experienced in my life. A small transport
had arrived that day. We did not have to work, we were taken there only to
get used to the sight. There were excavated trenches, called ‘Bunkers,’ to
burn the corpses. They brought the corpses from the gas chambers to those
‘Bunkers,’ threw them in, and burned them in a fire.”

**UHLIWir weinten tränenlos... Augenzeugenberichte der jüdischen “Sonderkommandos” in
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“Yes, it was a large pit, to which the corpses were brought and then
dumped in. The pits were deeply excavated, wood had been piled up at the
bottom. From the gas chambers they brought the corpses here and threw
them into the pits. The pits were all outside, in the open air. There were
some pits, in which corpses were being burned.”
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“From the end of April and throughout the month of May, several trans-
ports of Hungarian Jews came to Birkenau >HYHU\ GD\"@. There were so
many people in the transports that the capacity of the crematoria was too
low to handle them all. So pits were made, and in this way one could burn
another thousand every day. My group from the special unit worked in the
wood next to the ‘6DXElXJHElXGH¶ >LQFRPSUHKHQVLEOHSHUKDSVVDXQDEXLOG
LQJ@ opposite Crematoria III–IV. Pits were arranged there to burn the
corpses that the Crematorium itself could not handle. Those pits were
called ‘Bunker.’ I worked there for three days. From the gas chamber, one
brought the corpses to the Bunker and burned them.
The Bunker was in the middle, among trees, so one could not see what
happened there.
The method of cremation was as follows: the corpses were put down on a
layer of wood, then more wood and boards was laid on them and so on,
three stories or more. Then an SS man came, poured gasoline on top,
threw in a match – and everything went up in flames. About 1000 corpses
were burned per hour. The fat from the corpses was sufficient for the fire.
One put down a kilogram of coal and two boards, already burning, among
the bodies.”
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contact with air, liberating a gas that caused immediate suffocation.”
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“They themselves then threw the corpses into the pits. The pits, or ‘Bun-
kers’ as we called them, were large and deep.”
7KH ZLWQHVV GRHV QRW IROORZ KLV DOOHJHG FROOHDJXH -DDFRY *DEDL¶V DEVXUG
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“The cremation of corpses in a pit took 24 hours, sometimes even a day
and a half.”

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,QFRPSHQVDWLRQKHSHUSHWUDWHGDQRWKHUDEVXUGLW\RQHVFDUFHO\PHQWLRQHGE\
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“The fuel for these cremations was basically the fat from the corpses.”
7KLVLVDUHDOUHYROXWLRQLQWKHILHOGRIFUHPDWLRQ
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“There was a sign on the door saying ‘shower bath.’ There were two en-
trances; the victims went in through one and the corpses were taken out
through the other. The sign mentioned hung on this other door, which was
exactly opposite the entrance door.”
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“They took us into the yard, opened the door of the building – and our eyes
turned blind.”
+HUH³WKHGRRU´LVWKHDOOHJHGGRRUIRUWKHUHPRYDORIWKHFRUSVHV2QWKHRWK
HUKDQGLIWKHJDV FKDPEHUKDGWZRGRRUVRQHGRHVQRWVHH ZK\LWZDVQRW
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“They were all taken to Huts 3 and 4, which served for undressing. They
had originally been horse stables.”
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DVWDQGDUG*HUPDQEDUUDFNW\SHGHVLJQDWLRQZLWKDFWXDOVWDEOHV
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“We looked around in the wood, and what did we see? A little farmhouse,
an isolated hut. We got there, entered, and when they opened the door I

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saw the horror. The inside was full of corpses, from some transport, well
over 1,000 corpses. The whole room chock-full of corpses.”
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WR WKH RUWKRGR[ YHUVLRQ RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG WKHUH ZHUH IRXU JDV FKDPEHUV LQ
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“We had to take out the corpses. There was, in the area, a basin, a deep
pit, which was called ‘Bunker’.”
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“They called that ‘Bunker.’ Now, when I was at Auschwitz again, I could
find neither the pit nor the house. That must have been behind Crematori-
um IV > 9@.”
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DWYDULDQFHZLWKWKHRUWKRGR[YHUVLRQWKHUHZDVDVLQJOHµ%XQNHU¶SLWZKLFK
ZDV ORFDWHG ³D IHZ PHWHUV SHUKDSV WKLUW\ PHWHUV´ IURP WKH JDV FKDPEHU
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“The pit was very deep, I think some four meters. >«@ the fire burned day
and night, and we had to throw in corpses all the time.”
,I WKH SLW KDG EHHQ WKDW GHHS WKH ZDWHU ZRXOG KDYH ILOOHG LW WR DW OHDVW WKUHH
PHWHUVEHFDXVHDWWKHWLPHLQWKHYLFLQLW\RIµ%XQNHU¶WKHZDWHUWDEOHZDV
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“We took out the ash from the pits, but only 48 hours after the cremation.”
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“After these cremations, so I remember, one night a truck arrived full of
old people, sick, unable to walk, and with their clothes and all they were
dumped from the truck, the way you dump gravel, directly into the pit –

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alive! I saw that twice – once on the first day of my work with the special
unit, and then again later when more transports arrived – they threw these
people alive into the bunkers – and burned them alive.”
)RUWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKLVVFHQHWKHZLWQHVVWRRNKLVLQVSLUDWLRQIURPWZRSLF
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LQFOXGLQJ WKH RQH VKRZLQJ µ%XQNHU ¶ 7KH WZR SLFWXUHV PHQWLRQHG DERYH
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7RPDNHXSIRUWKLVWKHUHLVDSLFWXUHLOOXVWUDWLQJDVLPLODUVFHQH
“The SS man Moll shoots young women and throws them into a cremation
pit of Crematorium IV.”
:H VKDOO FRQFOXGH ZLWK D JHP DERXW WKH JDV FKDPEHU RI &UHPDWRULXP ,,
ZKLFKE\LWVHOIVKRZVWKHWUXVWZRUWKLQHVVRIWKLVZLWQHVV
“Sometimes, poison gas was left over, and we could have been suffocated
ourselves by inhaling this gas.”
“Yes, it did happen that another >PHPEHURIWKHGHWDLO@ and I wanted to in-
hale gas the moment they opened the gates of death. Life there was no
longer worth living. I planned that with someone else who was working
there with me. But, in the end, we walked out, lay around gasping for air
and were able to breathe again.”
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“The Germans took us not to the buildings with the incineration installa-
tions but to the incineration pits. I saw several carts there, next to the pits,
and very close by >, VDZ@ a building with a small door. Later, I realized
that they were asphyxiating people there with gas. We waited outside some
15 minutes and then opened the doors, having been ordered to do so by the
Germans.

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The corpses fell out in clusters, and we started to pack them on the carts.
Those were small open carts the way you have them in coal mines. Much
smaller than railroad cars. The corpses were taken to the pits. In the pits,
the corpses were arranged in this way: one layer of women’s and chil-
dren’s corpses, then a layer of wood, then a layer of men and so on until
the pit – which was a good three meters deep – was full. Then the Germans
poured gasoline into the pit. The mixture of dead bodies and wood caught
fire immediately.”
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WKHRQHLQYHQWHGE\KLVFROOHDJXHVµ%XQNHU¶ SLWV+LVRULJLQDOFRQWULEXWLRQ
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“Both brothers possess an excellent memory.”
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ZKHUHWKHGHWDLQHHVRIWKHVSHFLDOXQLWZHUHKRXVHGDQGWKHQWKHIROORZLQJ
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“For this, they selected the sick and the weak. Luckily, I belonged to the in-
jured and the weak, and so I was selected. I asked for my brother to be as-
signed to the room detail as well >«@ thus we remained in Block 2 and did
not go out for work.”
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JHURXVZLWQHVVWR66PDVVPXUGHUZKRZDVWRWRSLWDOOXQDEOHWRZRUNDQG
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“While we were still working at the pits, one of the guards beat one of our
comrades. We dropped our tools and declared we would not go on work-
ing. We thus made a small revolt. And what happened? They immediately
called in higher officers. Someone by the name of Hössler arrived and
asked us what was the matter. We told him while doing this awful work we
were being beaten to boot. They could kill us, but we would not go on
working. Hössler calmed us down and said we would no longer be beaten.
He immediately ordered additional food brought us. And they no longer
beat us.”
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+|VVOHUFDOPO\DFFHSWHGWKHUHTXHVWVRIWKHLQVXUJHQWV-HZVDOOHJHGO\GRRPHG
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ZRXOGEHLQFRQFHLYDEOHLIWKHGHWDLQHHVZHUHFRQVWDQWO\ZLWQHVVLQJPDVVPXU
GHUVDQGKDGWRDVVLVWWKHH[HFXWLRQHUVLQGLVSRVLQJRIWKHFRUSVHV
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“I became ill. The SS did not want to reveal that this transport went to
their death. So it was said ‘the sick will not go along. You will have to stay
here. There, they need men who can work.’”

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“They had taken them to Lublin – locked >WKHP@ in a railroad car and
somehow – I don’t know how – pumped in gas.”
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“At the time, we worked near Bunker 2 day and night. I myself worked
there for two days.”
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“Snow fell while we marched. We came to an open field, at the end of
which there was a building that looked like a horse stable, with rough
doors and a little further up a white farmhouse with a straw-thatched
roof.”
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“The next day >0D\@ we had to pass through a grove of trees. We
arrived in front of a shabby-looking farmhouse. Woe to anyone who moved
or breathed. All in a corner waiting. Suddenly, we heard voices in the dis-
tance: entire families with little children and grand-parents. They were
forced to undress in the cold. Then they had to enter the cottage. Up came
a small truck with the sign of the Red Cross, an SS man got out, opened a
little trap with a tool, and dropped in a can of some stuff, about two kilos.
He closed >WKHWUDS@ and walked away. Ten minutes later, a door opposite
the entrance was opened. The .DSR called us to take out the bodies. We
had to push them into the fire in a kind of swimming pool 15 meters away.”
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“From early 1942 onwards, detainees at Auschwitz were murdered by gas-
sing, initially in Block 11. I have seen these gassings myself, the SS went
around equipped with gas masks, the detainees, 20 to 40 of them, were
herded into the cells. Then the cells were made tight and put under gas.
Later the gassings were done in the old crematorium, opposite the SS in-
firmary. In addition to detainees selected for this, the police, the Gestapo,
and the Wehrmacht brought in people. Holes were drilled into the concrete
ceiling of the bunkers, through which the gas (Ziklon) >VLF@ was fed. The
bunker had a capacity of 700–800 people. Next to the bunker was the
crematorium, in which the dead were burned immediately.
Such gassings took place several times a week. Inmates who had been
picked out for this special labor unit worked in the old crematorium and
helped with the gassing. This labor unit was itself gassed after some time
and replaced by new detainees. I myself, or my assistant, in our capacity as
head of the Political Department, was informed about each one of these
gassing actions.
By order of the camp commander, SS 2EHUVWXUPEDQQIKUHU Höß, 4 modern
crematoria were built during the winter of 1942/43, as the old crematori-
um was no longer performing. Together with these 4 crematoria there ex-
isted another 4 crematorium halls with a capacity of 2000 persons each.
The gassings were ordered by Office Group D of the SS Economic and
Administrative Main Office in Berlin. The head of this section was SS %UL
JDGHIKUHU Glück>V@ . >«@
While I was head of the Political Department at Auschwitz, some 3–
6,000,000 persons were murdered in this or a similar way.”

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“In the Main Camp there was a crematorium consisting of two furnac-
es.>@ Corpses were burned there. The crematorium was under the respon-
sibility of the head of the Political Department and the camp surgeon. Dur-
ing my time, 2 or 3 crematoria were under construction at Birkenau. I have
no knowledge of gas chambers and during my time no detainee was
gassed. At the time of my transfer, there were some 54,000 detainees at
Auschwitz and Birkenau, among them about 15,000 women and children.

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Detainees who fell ill were moved to the infirmary, which was under the
exclusive responsibility of the camp surgeon.”
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“f) Precise details about Birkenau
g) Gassings (with all details), number of daily and total victims
h) Confession about own responsibility in case of gassings. Who carried
them out (names) and who assigned these people to the task.”
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“The interrogator is satisfied that the major part of the material of this re-
port is in conformity with the truth as far as the facts are concerned, but
the personal reactions of Aumeier and his way of thinking may change a
bit when his fate gets worse.” HPSKDVLVDGGHG
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“In the meantime, at Birkenau near the burying area, the construction of-
fice modified two empty houses into gas chambers. One house had 2, the
other 4 gas chambers. The houses were called bunker 1 and 2. Each cham-
ber accommodated 50–150 persons. In late January or early February
>@ the first gassings were carried out there. The detail was called
6. (6RQGHUNRP.), it was directly attached to the /. >FDPS FRPPDQGHU@
under the direction of 8 Grabner and was itself led and managed by 8
Hessler >+|VVOHU@. The area was signposted and designated as security ar-

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ea, furthermore surrounded by the .RPPDQGR with a sentry chain of 8

men. >«@
Near the Bunkers I and II, 2 barracks had been set up, and the dets. had to
undress in them and were told that they would go to the delousing and the
bath. Then they were led into the chambers. These chambers had vents in
the side wall.
The gassings took place under the direction of the physician as desribed
above. The bunkers were regularly opened only the day after. The follow-
ing day, gold teeth were broken out from the corpses, as directed by a den-
tist or a medic; later the women’s hair would also be cut. After that, the
corpses were burned in pits as already mentioned.”
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“the crematorium was too small and could not cope with the incinerations
so that during the construction of the crematoria at Birkenau gas chambers
were built as well.”
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“In front of the crematorium, also for undressing, a barrack had been set
up.”
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“Two old farmbuildings, which were situated rather out of the way near
BIRKENAU, were made airtight and provided with strong wooden doors.
The transports were unloaded at a siding in BIRKENAU. Prisoners fit to
work were picked out and brought to the camps. The luggage was left and
was later taken on to the personal property storage. The others, who were
meant to be gassed, were marched to the one km. distant plant. The sick
and people unfit to walk were taken there in lorries.>@ In front of the
farmhouses everybody had to undress behind walls made from branches.
On the doors was a notice saying ‘'LVLQIHFWLRQVUDXP¶ (dis-infection cham-
ber). The 8QWHUIXHKUHU on duty had to tell the prisoners >WKURXJKLQWHUSUHW
HUV@ to wacth>VLF@ their kit in order to find it again after having been de-
loused. This prevented disturbances >IURP WKH VWDUW@. Then they were un-
dressed, they went into the room according to size, 2-300 at a time. The
doors were locked, >VFUHZHGWLJKW@and one or two tins of CYKLON B were
thrown into the room through holes in the wall. It consisted of a rough
substance of Prussic acid. It took, according to the weather 3 - 10 minutes.
After an hour later the doors were opened and the bodies were taken out
by a commando of prisoners, who were permanently employed there, and
burned in pits. Before being cremated, gold teeth and rings were removed.
Firewood was stacked between the corpses and when approximately 100
bodies were in the pit, the wood was lighted with rags soaked in parafin.
When the fire had started properly more bodies were thrown on to it. The
fat which collected in the bottom of the pits was put into the fire with buck-
ets to hasten the process of burning >HVSHFLDOO\@ when it was raining. The
burning took 6 - 7 hours. The smell of the burned bodies was noticed in the
camp even if the wind was blowing from the west.>@ After the pits had
been cleared the remaining ashes were broken up. This was done on a ce-
ment plate where prisoners pulverised the remaining bones with wooden
hammers. The remains were loaded on lorries and taken to an out-of-the-
way place on the Weichsel >9LVWXOD@ and thrown into the water.”
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“When I was interrogated for the first time in the British Zone >RI*HUPD
Q\@, those examining me said to me, all the time, that five – six – seven mil-
lion people must have died in the gas chambers; all the time they bom-
barded me with huge numbers such as these, and I was obliged to provide
some data, in order to establish how many were put to death in the gas
chambers, and the interrogators told me that there must have been at least
three million. Under the suggestive influence of these large figures, I ar-
rived at the total of three million.”
7KHPHDQVE\ZKLFKWKRVHILUVWµFRQIHVVLRQV¶ZHUHH[WUDFWHGIURPKLPDUHGH
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“During the first interrogation they beat me to obtain evidence. I do not
know what was in the transcript, or what I said, even though I signed it,
because they gave me liquor and beat me with a whip. It was too much
even for me to bear. >«@ After a few days I was taken to Minden >«@
There they treated me even more roughly.”
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ZDQWHGKLPWRVD\RQWKHEDVLVRIWKHLUSURSDJDQGDµWUXWK¶DERXW$XVFKZLW]
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“We >+| DQG (LFKPDQQ@ drove around the Auschwitz area to locate a
suitable place. We thought the farmhouse at the northwest corner of Birke-
nau near planned Section III would be suitable. The house had been aban-
doned, and it was hidden from view by the surrounding trees and bushes
and not too far from the railroad. The bodies could be buried in long, deep
pits in the nearby meadows. We didn’t think about burning them at this
time. We calculated that in the space available in the farmhouse, approxi-
mately eight hundred people could be killed using a suitable gas after the
building was made airtight. We later found this to be the actual capacity.”
$IHZSDJHVIXUWKHURQ+|DGGV

6WDWHRI,VUDHO0LQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHThe Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Record of Proceedings in the Dis-
trict Court of Jerusalem-HUXVDOHPYRO,,,S


)RUGHWDLOVFI5REHUW)DXULVVRQ³+RZWKH%ULWLVK2EWDLQHGWKH&RQIHVVLRQVRI5XGROI+|VV´
Journal of Historical ReviewSS


IbidemSS

“I am unable to recall when the destruction of the Jews began – probably

in September 1941, or perhaps not until January 1942. At first we dealt
with the Jews from Upper Silesia. These Jews were arrested by the Gesta-
po from Katowice and transported via the Auschwitz-Dziediez railroad and
unloaded there. As far as I can recall, these transports never numbered
more than a thousand persons.
A detachment of SS from the camp took charge of them at the railroad
ramp, and the officer in charge marched them to the bunker (I) in two
groups. This is what we called the extermination installation.
Their luggage remained on the ramp and was later brought between the
DAW (German Armaments Works)>@ and the railroad station.
The Jews had to undress at the bunker and were told that they would have
to go into the delousing rooms. All of the rooms – there were five of them –
were filled at the same time. The airtight doors were screwed tight, and the
contents of the gas crystal canisters emptied into the rooms through special
hatches.
After half an hour the doors were opened and the bodies were pulled out.
Each room had two doors. They were then moved using small carts on spe-
cial tracks to the ditches. The clothing was brought by trucks to the sorting
place. All of the work was done by a special contingent of Jews (the
6RQGHUNRPPDQGR). They had to help those who were about to die with the
undressing, the filling up of the bunkers, the clearing of the bunkers, re-
moval of the bodies, as well as digging the mass graves and, finally, cover-
ing the graves with earth. These Jews were housed separately from the
other prisoners and, according to Eichmann’s orders, they themselves
were to be killed after each large extermination action.”
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“During the spring of 1942 we were still dealing with small police actions.
But during the summer the transports became more numerous and we were

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forced to build another extermination site. The farm area west of Cremato-
ries IV and V,>@ which were built later, was chosen and prepared. Five
barracks were built, two near Bunker I and three near Bunker II. Bunker II
was the larger one. It held about 1,200 people.”
'XULQJWKHWULDOVHVVLRQRI0DUFK+|ILQDOO\DGDSWHGKLPVHOIWRWKH
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“From that time on, gassing was moved out of the camp, to Bunker 1. That
was a farm cottage, which had been arranged for the purpose. It was split
up into individual rooms by means of wooden gastight doors. There were
small openings, from which the gas was fed once the rooms were full of
people. We also did it that way later, when, in the spring of 1942, trans-
ports of Jews arrived from eastern Upper Silesia, from the Government
General, and from Germany. >«@
Near the farm cottage, at Bunker 2, there were trenches that were original-
ly mass graves. The corpses were dragged out of the gas chamber and
burned in these trenches.”
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“I learned through SS people that the majority of the persons destined to

be gassed was taken directly to Birkenau, where there were two farmhous-
es converted into gas bunkers. The capacity of those two temporary gas
bunkers was about 800–1000 persons.”
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“At a certain distance from the Birkenau camp, which was growing by
leaps and bounds, there were two farmhouses, nice and clean, separated
from each other by a small wood, in the middle of a lovely landscape. They
were white-washed gleaming white, covered by cozy straw roofs and sur-
rounded by local fruit-trees.”
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“The SS services in charge probably did not realize that the inhabitants of
the little village of Wohlau, not far away on the other side of the Vistula
river, were often witnesses to those scenes of nightly horror. In the bright
glow coming from the pits with their burning corpses they were able to dis-
tinguish the procession of naked shapes marching from the undressing
barracks to the gas chambers. They heard the screams of the people besti-
ally whipped but not wanting to enter these halls of death, heard the shots,
with which all those were put to rest who could not be pushed in for lack of
space.”
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QR6WDDWOLFKHV0XVHXP$XVFKZLW]SS

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“The first gassings at Auschwitz-Birkenau began in the summer of 1942.
They concerned gassings of Jews from Poland and Russia. >«@ Two old
farmhouses were used as the first gas chambers; they had been modified
specifically for the gassings. The construction work was done by the SS
construction office. The windows were walled up, the inner walls removed
and a special door put in, which sealed the room air-tight.
The capacity was laid out for about 300 people. The detainees had to un-
dress in a barrack nearby and were led into the gas chamber from there.
Once the door was closed, the gas (Zyklon B) was thrown into openings,
which could be closed, by three SS men. These SS men wore gas masks and
had been specially trained in the use of the gas. A camp physician had to
be present at each gassing, because army rules about the handling of poi-
son gases specified this for the protection of the SS personnel.
After 5 minutes, the initial screams and moans died down. Another 25
minutes later the doors were opened, and a command of detainees, wear-
ing gas masks, then removed the corpses. Under the direction of an 8QWHU
VFKDUIKUHU specifically determined by Dr. Lolling, the dental gold was
taken out, the detainees were loaded onto little carts and taken to the pits,
which had earlier been dug by a detail of detainees. When the corpses had
been buried, the gas chambers were cleaned and were then ready for the
next transport.”
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“As I have already explained, on February 19, 1943, I was sent from Maj-
danek to Auschwitz to study >WKH WHFKQLTXH@ of the burning of corpses in
open-air pits. On that occasion I was accompanied to Auschwitz by the
medic /6'* SS 2EHUVFKDUIKUHU Entress,>@ who was to inform himself
about delousing and the killing of persons by means of gas in the Ausch-
witz gas chambers. The commander of the Majdanek camp, Florstedt, had
given us a letter for the Auschwitz camp command. For that mission, we
reported to the then commander of Auschwitz Rudolf Höß. The latter di-
rected us to the first 6FKXW]KDIWODJHUIKUHU, SS +DXSWVWXUPIKUHU Aumeier.
Aumeier showed me the drawing of a pit for the burning of corpses, ex-
plained it, and added that the corpses there burned perfectly. He then sent
me to the Political Section. The head of this section, Grabner, delegated
one of his subordinates, Bogner >%RJHU@, who then took us by truck to the
place where the corpses of those who had been gassed were burned in pits
in the open air. This was at Birkenau, at a place called Bunker 5. The
.RPPDQGRIKUHU who directed those activities (I do not remember his
name) explained to us how the people were gassed and their corpses

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burned. At that time, the corpses in the pit were nearly burned and the gas
chamber was empty. It was a brick structure, a farm building of sorts
transformed into a gas chamber, split up into 4 smaller rooms on the in-
side.
From the front, an entrance door led into each room; in the back of each
room there was a door, through which the corpses were thrown on the
carts of a narrow-gauge railway. Each room had openings for the intro-
duction of Zyklon. In all the rooms of Bunker 5, 1000 – 1500 persons could
be gassed at the same time. During the visit by myself and Entress, no gas-
sings took place, because there were no transports.”
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“Furthermore, I was charged with the reception of incoming transports at
Birkenau from about summer of 1942 onwards, i.e., to receive the lists of
new arrivals from the accompanying guard unit and to check the numbers
>RI GHSRUWHHV@. The selection took place immediately on arrival, i.e., the
able-bodied deportees were separated from the others. The unfit persons,
mainly the elderly, the sick, children and babies were taken to the gassing
rooms which by then existed. They consisted of 2 wooden houses that had
been prepared accordingly. >«@
The gassing rooms were situated not overly far from the unloading area
and the persons destined to be gassed were led there by us. I myself was
present a few times during the transfer of persons destined to be gassed.
If I remember rightly, those first gas chambers – the wooden houses I have
indicated – were built between Christmas 1941 and March 1942, while I
was away on a training assignment, for they were ready when I returned to
Auschwitz and the first gassings were taking place. >«@
I am unable to give details regarding the capacity of those first two gas
chambers at Birkenau, I thus do not know how many persons could be
gassed each time in each g.>DV@ chamber. I do not think, though, that they
could have accommodated more than the gas chambers near the small
crematorium. For gassings, at which I was present, it never happened that
for a >JLYHQ@ transport several gassings were performed in succession in
the chambers, so that in my opinion a maximum of 500 persons could have

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been gassed for any one transport. In Birkenau, too, the gas was poured
into the gassing rooms by medics through existing openings.”
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“One day, it was in the winter of 1942/43, H>|EOLQJHU@ asked me if I would
like to go along to see a gassing action. He would pass me off as his assis-
tant in the ambulance, because otherwise it was strictly prohibited to be
present there. So we went to the motor pool, took the ambulance, and went
directly to Birkenau. We did not touch the Birkenau camp on that route. I
cannot even say that I saw any part of the camp at that time.

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The train stood in the open country somewhere between Auschwitz and
Birkenau, and the detainees were just being unloaded. It was about 21:00
hours >SP@. Broad steps had been placed at the back of the trucks for
the people to climb up. All vehicles were chock-full and could not have ac-
cepted any more. On the trucks, the people were standing. I did not see that
a selection was done by an SS doctor or any other SS member. These >SHR
SOH@ were all loaded >RQWKHWUXFNV@ and taken to a former farmstead about
1.5 km away from the unloading area. I can no longer indicate the place
precisely, because it was dark. Anyway, I did not see the Birkenau crema-
toria and I think that they were not yet in operation at the time. In any
case, H. and I went to that place with the 6DQND, following the trucks.
When we arrived, the people had already been unloaded and had to un-
dress in several barracks near that old farmstead. When they came out
from the barracks, naked, they were told that they should go into the build-
ing that had a sign ‘'HVLQIHNWLRQ.’ This building was the former farmstead
that had been transformed at that time into a gassing room. As far as I can
remember, it >WKHLQVLGH@ was well laid out in concrete all around and had
gates on both sides that were made of wood, I believe. H. had previously
told me that the incoming transports were being gassed in this room. Be-
sides, those gassing actions were something every one of us knew about.
I remember that this transport consisted of Dutch Jews – men, women and
children – who were all well dressed and looked like wealthy people.
I have to correct something here. The modified farmstead had only one
gate, consisting of two leaves. The ‘'HVLQIHNWLRQ¶ sign was not attached to
the building either but stood a few meters away from it, like a signpost.
They had set up this sign to make the people believe they would be disin-
fected here.
Once the total transport had entered that building – some 1000 persons, I
think – the gate was closed. Then an SS man, a 5RWWHQIKUHU I think, came
to our 6DQND and took out a gas can. With this can he went to a ladder
which stood on the right side of the building, seen from the door. I noticed
that he was wearing a gas-mask when he went up. When he had reached
the end of the ladder he opened a circular trap made of steel plate and
poured the contents of the can into an opening. I clearly heard the clanking
of the can against the wall when he hit it while pouring. At the same time, I
could see brown dust coming out of the opening. Whether that was gas, I
cannot say. When he had closed the little trap, indescribable screams came
from that room. I simply cannot describe how these people screamed. That
went on for 8–10 minutes and then everything was quiet. A little later, the
gate was opened by detainees and one could still see a bluish mist floating
above a pile of corpses. The corpses were so strongly interlaced that it was
impossible to say to whom the individual limbs and body parts belonged. I

saw for example that one of the gassed >YLFWLPV@ had stuck the index finger
several centimeters deep into the eye socket of another >YLFWLP@. This al-
lows one to understand how indescribably horrible the agony of these per-
sons must have been. One cannot describe this scene with words. I got so
sick to my stomach that I almost threw up.I was surprised, though, to see
that the detainees who had to move the corpses out entered the room with-
out gas masks even though this blue mist, which I thought to be gas, floated
above the corpses. The corpses were loaded onto farm carts >UDFNFDUWV@
and pushed away by detainees. Where the corpses went, I could not see. It
did not see a crematorium either. >«@
I remember well that the 6DQND was marked with a ‘Red Cross’ sign on the
sides. That vehicle, though, was never used as an ambulance, but only for
this purpose, for camouflage.”
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“Hölblinger: I was in the motor pool and drove the 6DQND for the detainee
transports.
Presiding judge: Did you drive at night as well?
H. : Yes, when transports of Jews arrived at the Birkenau ramp. Then I had
to take the medics and the doctors to the ramp. Then we also went on to the
gas chambers. The medics climbed up on a ladder there, they wore gas
masks up there and emptied out the cans. I could see the detainees un-
dressing, it was always quite peaceful and without suspicion. Everything
went very quickly.
P.: How long did the gassing take?
H. : About one minute. When the gas arrived, one heard a scream of ter-
ror. After a minute, everything was quiet. The medical orderly brought the
gas in cans.
P.: How were the victims taken to the gas chamber?
H. : The disabled Jews were taken to the gas chamber by truck. Five or six
cars were used, they went a couple of times.
P.: Were the Bunkers lit up by means of automobile headlights?
H. : Yes.
Prosecutor Kügler: Was the defendant Klehr the head of medical order-
lies?
H. : I don’t know. We just used to call them the gassing guys.
Representative of co-plaintiffs Raabe: How long did a selection take, on
average?
H. : It varied. An hour or an hour and a half, say.”

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“President: Where did the gassings take place at that time?
Kremer: Old farmhouses had been modified into bunkers and provided
with a sliding door that could be tightly closed. On top there was a trap.
The people were led in undressed. They went in quite passively; only a few
resisted, they were taken to one side and shot. The gas was thrown in by an
SS man appointed for that purpose. To do this, he climbed up on a ladder.
P.: Earlier you said that one could hear screams.
K. : Yes, they feared for their lives. They kicked against the door. I was sit-
ting in the car.”
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“For the first time, together with the SS garrison physician Dr. Wirths, I
was present at an annihilation of detainees in late November, early De-
cember 1942 next to the sauna at Birkenau. Later, at intervals of about two
weeks, depending on how the transports arrived at the ‘old ramp’ of the
Auschwitz main camp, I was present at annihilation processes there in my
capacity as SS physician on duty, until about May 1943. Based on those
fortnightly periods and the six months, I should say that I was present
about 12 times at this farmhouse, this gas chamber disguised as a ‘sauna’
at Birkenau.”
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“During the period between late 1942 and the end of May 1943, the num-
ber of detainees arriving by train was up to 1500 persons on average, of
whom, in my estimate, between 300 and 600 were selected for the gas
chamber as ‘unfit for work.’ That number varied with the size of the
transport.”
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“For one gassing process in the Birkenau ‘sauna’ only one can of ‘Zyklon
B’ crystals was used, weighing about 2 kg. I have never observed that
larger or smaller quantities were fed into this gas chamber.”
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“Then, the double-walled door was closed immediately.”
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“In the rear door – west side of the house – a round window had been in-
stalled for observation.”
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“The gas chamber was to be opened only after 20 minutes, to my

knowledge. >«@
As far as I remember, the gas chamber was opened after about 20 minutes,
if a further extermination action had been scheduled. >«@ The order for
opening the door was given, to my knowledge, by SS 2EHUVFKDUIKUHU Moll,
head of the detainee corpse unit. Both doors of the gas chamber were
opened and stayed open for 10 to 15 minutes for the poison gas to escape
from the gas chamber. There was no exhaust system in the ‘sauna.’ Now
detainees pulled out the corpses, using poles some 2 m long and having a
curved iron hook at the end; those poles had been kept in the equipment
locker of the ‘sauna’.”
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“a. Gas chamber no. 1 with the pyres
Shortly after the gas chamber in the first crematorium was put into service
in the autumn of 1941, another two gas chambers were installed in the
woods at a certain distance from the Birkenau camp. The first gas cham-
ber, of a size of 8 by 10 meters and a floor area of 80 square meters, had
two entrances and two exits. On the outside of the entrance doors a sign in
German said ‘to the disinfection’ and on the inside of the exit doors ‘to the
bath.’ Next to the doors, on the lateral wall, there were openings for the in-
troduction of the Zyklon. Furthermore, there were two standard wooden
barracks that served as undressing rooms.
This chamber, once the people were squeezed together in the way the Ger-
mans did it, could accommodate 800–1000 persons at one time. Assuming
that, as resulted from the investigation, for the undressing, the poisoning,
and the removal of the corpses from the chamber, the Germans needed 5–7
hours, it was possible to carry out three such operations within the course
of 24 hours. Therefore, at maximum tempo, the Germans were able to poi-
son no fewer than 2500 per day by means of the gas chamber n. 1. The
corpses were transported, on five carts of a narrow-gauge railroad, to four
trenches, 25–30 meters long, 4–6 meters wide, and 2 meters deep, in which
they were put down in layers with wood and burned. This gas chamber and
the pyres next to it operated for about one year and a half and were de-
stroyed by the Germans in March-April 1943.

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b. Gas chamber no. 2 with the pyres

The second gas chamber measured 9 by 11 meters and had a total floor
area of 100 square meters. It was installed along the lines of gas chamber
n. 1. At maximum tempo, the Germans poisoned 3000 persons per day in
this gas chamber, based on the same data as those of gas chamber n. 1.
The corpses were transported to the pyres on four carts of a narrow-gauge
railway, at times 4–6 were used. The activity of gas chamber n. 2 and its
pyres was interrupted in April 1943, then started again in May 1944, and
continued until October 1944. Therefore, this gas chamber and its pyres
functioned for a total of one year and ten months.
c. Pyres near crematorium 5

From May to October 1944, the ovens of crematorium 5 stayed closed and
the corpses of the persons poisoned were burned on three pyres located on
the grounds of the crematorium.”
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the cremation of the corpses next to them.”
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“Place where the Germans burned the corpses of those poisoned in the gas
chamber on pyres. 5,900 square meters.”
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poisoning.”
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“These chambers were designated Bunker 1 and Bunker 2, cf. photographs
no. 1, no. VIII, and IX. Two undressing barracks were set up near the cot-
tages. On the outside of the entrance door to the chambers was attached a
sign ‘to the bath’ and on the inside of the exit door one saying ‘to the disin-
fection’ to make >SHRSOH@ believe that the exit door led into another room.
Actually, behind this door there was an open space where the corpses were
loaded on carts, by which they were transported to the trenches to be
burned.
The deposition of the witness Dragon contains a detailed description of the
two Bunkers /attachment no. 17.”
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“In the fall of 1941, on a clearing in the wood of Brzezinka, a primitive gas
chamber called Bunker 2 >VLF@ was set up in the cottage of a farmer who
had been moved, and a couple of kilometers from it, likewise in the cottage
of >VRPHRQH@ moved – another chamber called Bunker 1.”
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“After gassing had begun in 1941, the small crematorium could not hold
all the corpses of the victims, so they were burnt in 8 open pits, dug for that
purpose near the gas chambers and called ‘Bunkers’ 1 and 2.”
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“The same year >@ permanent gas installations were put into two
peasant huts at Brzezinka (Birkenau). The bodies of the gassed people
were buried near the huts. By the spring of 1942 the bodies began to rot
and smell, and steps were taken to build a crematorium in which to burn
the corpses.”
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“After the construction of the other crematoria with their gas chambers –
it is added – the two Bunkers were taken out of service; Bunker 1 was de-
molished, the building of Bunker 2 was preserved and put back into service
in May 1944.”
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“From the spring of 1942, before the construction of the crematoria with
their gas chambers, the gassing of persons in the area of the Brzezinka
camp was transferred to the cottages of the Brzezinka farmers Wiechuja
and Harmata, which had been appropriately rebuilt for this purpose and
which were designated Bunker 1 and 2. The corpses of the persons who
were gassed there were burned in the above-mentioned trenches. After the
construction of the Brzezinka crematoria the two Bunkers were taken out of
service; Bunker 2, which had been preserved, was put back into operation
in May 1944 at the period of the greatest intensity of the gassings.”
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“Witness Dr. M. observed two gassings in the gas chambers of the farm-
houses. According to his statement, the victims initially believed they were
going into a disinfection installation. Only when more and more people
were being crowded into those rooms are they said to have become scared.
After the chambers had been completely filled with people, it is said that
there was a wait of another 10 minutes in order to reach a certain temper-
ature. The traps are said to have been opened and the contents of Zyklon-
cans poured in by the medic. It is said that ‘an enormous number’ of peo-
ple had been crowded in, some 300–400 persons into each room. Ten
minutes later everything was said to have been quiet.
There have apparently been erroneous opinions among the detainees at the
time concerning the way the gas was introduced into the gassing rooms.
Witness Dr. Au. stated the gas was fed into the room by means of a syringe
attached to the can. Witness W. claims that the gas was admitted to the
room by means of a blower installation. From hearsay, Dr. Str. states that
the gas was blown into the room. Witness Rö. had heard that the gas was
fed into the rooms through fake showers.”
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“Before the transformation of the farmhouse had been completed, the kill-
ings by means of gas took place in the small crematorium. From summer
1942 onward the farmhouse that had meanwhile been turned into a gas
chamber served as a place of annihilation. As its capacity did not suffice in
the face of ever more numerous transports, another farmhouse in the vicin-
ity of the first was converted into a gas chamber and used as an additional
place of annihilation. The two chambers were called Bunker I and II. The
corpses of those killed were initially interred in large pits and later cre-
mated in long graves.”
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“Before the war there were the following buildings on the land presently
occupied by my house, and in its immediate vicinity:
A wooden house with a straw roof, in which my grandparents lived and
later my parents and I with my sister Bronisawa Wisiska, two barns, one
made of brick, the other of wood, and finally a single-story brick house,
unplastered, roofed with tile, built in 1932–35 by Gryzek, son-in-law of my
uncle, Józef Harmata, who lived there as well. In the mortgage papers,
though, this house was registered in the name of my uncle Józef Harmata.
My uncle Józef Harmata died in 1943, my father Piotr Harmata in 1962.
The house of Józef Harmata and his son-in-law Gryzek, husband of Aniela
Harmata, which was transformed into a gas chamber by the Germans, as I
learned after the war, was 12 meters long and 9 meters wide. Along its
whole width, there was a corridor. On the right were two living rooms, on
the left, one room and a stable with an exit to the outside. Toward the
front, each room had two windows. Around the house, there were tall fruit
trees.
These buildings stood at about 100 meters from the country road which
went to the village. In the immediate vicinity there was Grzybek’s house, a
residence, partly brick, partly wood, a stable and a barn. In 1941, the
Germans sent us away, like the other inhabitants of the village. When I
came back to that land after the war, in 1949, I observed that all the ob-

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jects mentioned no longer existed. Several basins had been built across the
old road. From the place where my uncle’s house >KDG@ stood, the roadbed
of a narrow-gauge railroad went to the nearby wood.
The present road near my house runs parallel to the old road, across
which the basins mentioned above had been built. The house built after the
war, in which I live, stands where my father’s wooden house used to be,
and my neighbor’s house (Czarnik Stanisaw) is located where the house of
my uncle Józef Harmata used to be, but the old house was a few meters
farther away, in the back of the village towards the wood. The place where
Grzybek’s building was is now covered with slag, and on the other side of
the road is the monument to the Soviet prisoners. With this, the account
ends.”
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“According to the historian Philip Friedman, this first large-scale experi-
ment>@ was made on September 15, 1941, near the hamlet of Birkenau
(Brzezinka) which thereafter served as the exterminations site. Later in the
year, according to Hoess, ‘the two farm buildings on one side of the road,
near Birkenau, were made airtight and equipped with solid wooden doors.’
These were the first permanent installations. Their capacity was small, and
they did not have a crematory; the bodies were burned in the open. Never-
theless, these installations were used to the end, and, unlike the better ones
built later, were not destroyed in October 1944.”
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“Work also began at two adjacent farm buildings, which became the gas
chambers, but it was not till January, 1943, that the first Bunawerk factory
was completed.”
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“Two small farmhouses of the village of Brzezinky (Birkenau) that the Na-
zis had evacuated were modified and set up as gas chambers in a primitive
way; those houses were situated about half a kilometer to the west of the
disinfection station. The houses were 6 by 12 meters in size and were split
into four chambers, which could be closed by means of heavy doors; such
a door was also located in the opposite wall >RIHDFKFKDPEHU@. In the up-
per part of another wall there was a small window with >LURQ@ bars”
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“In front of the house there were two windowless barracks, 9 by 40 meters
in size; those were the undressing rooms.”
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“As soon as the chamber was full – and they squeezed up to 150 persons
into that space of 18 square meters – they slammed the door, screwed the
bolts tight, and poured the poison in through the little window in the wall.
Then they closed the window hermetically, and for a few minutes one could
hear only screams and moans. After something like half an hour they
opened the back door of the chamber.”
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“From 1942 on, massive transports of Jews began arriving at Auschwitz;
the gas chamber of Crematorium I proved inadequate for their liquidation.
Consequently, two more gas chambers were installed for this purpose in
two houses of farmers who had been moved. These gas chambers were
called Bunker 1 and Bunker 2. In their vicinity, two undressing huts were
set up. Bunker 1 had two gas chambers, into which some 2,000 persons
could be squeezed at one time.
The victims undressed in the huts or in the woods and went naked from
there to the gas chamber. There were four gas chambers in the small house
designated as Bunker 2. In both Bunkers the gas chambers had separate
entrances and exits. On the entrance door there was a sign saying ‘to the
baths,’ on the inside of the exit door it said ‘to the disinfection.’ There was
an open space outside that door, in which the bodies removed from the gas
chambers were piled up. In both Bunkers, the openings for the gas were set
in the side walls.”
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“>7KH\@ started to kill Jews from Upper Silesia by means of gas. This hap-
pened in the so-called Bunker 1, a farmhouse modified for the purpose,
which was situated in the northwest corner of what became BAB III of
Birkenau. The corpses of those killed were shovelled under in mass graves
in a meadow in the vicinity.”
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“Because of the great number of Jewish transports destined to be mur-
dered, Bunker 2 was put into operation by modifying for this purpose an-
other country house situated on the meadow in the woods to the west of the
future Crematorium III.”
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and the arrangement of the different annexes of Bunker 1 will never be
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called into question, if only because of the constant repetition of an identi-
cal process in the accounts of the former prisoners >«@.”
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)3LSHU³%XQNU\«óp. cit. QRWH7KHZRUNKDVEHHQWUDQVODWHGLQWR*HUPDQ:DFáDZ
'áXJRERUVNL)UDQFLV]HN3LSHUHGVAuschwitz 1940-1945. Studien zur Geschichte des Konzent-
rations- und Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz9HUODJGHV6WDDWOLFKHQ0XVHXPV$XVFKZLW]
%LUNHQDX2ĞZLĊFLP7KHFRUUHVSRQGLQJVHFWLRQ³'LH%XQNHUSURYLVRULVFKH*DVNDP
PHUQ´LVRQSSRIYRO,,,

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“Kammler visited the camp on Thursday, 27 February 1942. In a letter
written to Topf a week later, Bischoff related that Kammler had decided
during that trip that the back-up incinerators were to be canceled ‘and that
the five triple-muffle furnaces ordered by the letter of October 22, 1941,
correspondence register number 215/41/Ho must be constructed in the
prisoner of war camp.’ In other words, the crematorium that had been in-
tended for the main camp was now to be built in Birkenau.”
9DQ 3HOW WKHQ REVHUYHV WKDW -HDQ&ODXGH 3UHVVDF DWWDFKHG QR VLJQLILFDQFH WR
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“I, however, believe that the decision to move the crematorium may be in-
terpreted as the counterpart of an otherwise unrecorded decision to trans-
form a red house belonging to the Polish peasant Wiechuja,>@ located at

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the northwest edge of the tract reserved for the prisoner-of-war camp, into
the extermination installation known as Bunker1 – the place where the his-
tory of the Holocaust merged with the history of Auschwitz-Birkenau.”
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“must have suggested that the killings be moved to Birkenau. Allowing for
two or three weeks to select and transform a house into simple extermina-
tion facilities, one could expect the first killings to take place in Birkenau
in the third week of March. Indeed, the historians at the Auschwitz-
Birkenau State Museum have determined March 20 as the date that Bunker
1 was put into operation.”
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“because a POW camp has been attached to the Auschwitz concentration
camp, which will accommodate 120,000 Russians in the immediate fu-
ture.”

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“Auschwitz already had become the destination for one particular group of
Jews residing on Reich territory: those considered unfit for work in the so-
called Schmelt program.”
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“as the Slovak Jews were to be brought to Birkenau and not to Auschwitz,
and as killing them in Crematorium I would interrupt the life of the main
camp, they considered building an extermination installation close to the
new satellite >%LUNHQDX@ camp.”
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“When the Slovak government suggested that Himmler also take Jews unfit
for labor in exchange for a cash payment, Himmler dispatched SS Con-
struction Chief Hans Kammler to Auschwitz. Kammler toured the site and
ordered that a peasant cottage there be converted into a gas chamber. Two
months later, on July 4, 1942, the first Jews from Slovakia were sorted out.
Those who could work were admitted to the camp. Those who could not
were killed in the peasant cottage, now known as Bunker I. Killing at
Auschwitz of selected categories of Jews had now changed from an ‘inci-
dental’ practice, as had happened with some transports of Jews from Up-
per Silesia in late 1941, into what one could call ‘continuing’ practice, but
it had not yet become policy. Bunker I was still a particular solution to a
situation created by the combination of Slovak unwillingness to provide for
old and very young Jews and German greed. The main purpose of Ausch-
witz, at this time, remained construction (of a plant, a city, and a region),
not destruction (of Jews).” HPSKDVLVLQRULJLQDO
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“In the summer of 1993 I stood, together with several survivors of the
‘special unit,’ next to the ‘little white house’ in Auschwitz Birkenau. We
were shooting a documentary film there. A friend from an Italian TV sta-
tion >3H]]HWWL@joined us and showed me a photocopied page from a book
containing a 1945 witness statement about the ‘little red’ and the ‘little
white house.’ The name of the witness was Shlomo Dragon. >@ The Italian
TV man based himself on this more-than-40-year-old witness statement in
order to identify the site where we were standing as the location of the pits
in which so many corpses had been burned back then. I asked him why he
based himself on a written testimony, since Shlomo Dragon was among us.

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He could speak to him at once! Shlomo, tall, vigorous and of a quite youth-
ful complexion, stood a few meters away from us. My friend was dumb-
founded. He had believed that none of the special unit members was still
alive. For him Dragon was merely a witness statement, not a living per-
son.”
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“The pits or the ‘Bunkers,’ as we called them, were large and deep.”

IbidS

IbidS

IbidS

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prove that one of these farmhouses which really did exist was used – for
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and sauna were to be installed.320”
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1.) Adding stories to 6 old detainee accommodations
2.) 5 new detainee accommodations
3.) Laundry and admissions building (entrance) with delousing unit and bath for
detainees
4.) Kommandantur and housing for Kommandantur
5.) Water supply (1st section)
6.) Electrical installations, external (1st section)
7.) Utility buildings
8.) Sewage (Main effluent collector, rain water sewer, and sewage treatment
plant with bio-gas recovery)
B.) >«@ (included in list for G.B.-Bau)
1.) 10 detainee accommodations and 5 detainee workshops
2.) Entrance building
3.) Crematorium
4.) Temporary bridge across Sola river
5.) 12 troop barracks and 8 washing and toilet barracks for guard unit
6.) 4 troop barracks for Kommandantur
7.) 4 officer housing barracks
8.) SS dormitory “Deutsches Haus”
9.) 1 barrack for construction office, 1 housing and utility barrack with garage
for Bauleitung
10.) Barrack for detainee mess hall
11.) Barrack for detainee workshop
12.) 1 utility barrack, 1 washing barrack, 1 toilet barrack for civilian workers’
camp
13.) 1 utility barrack for guard unit
14.) Enlargement of motor pool hall and workshop
15.) Building materials store and local workshops
16.) Water supply and sewage
17.) Pump house
18.) Security installations (camp wall and 5 watchtowers)
19.) Transformer substation
20.) Roads
21.) Repair of existing houses
22.) 4 storage halls for potatoes
23.) 4 field barns and 12 shelters for grazing animals
24.) Duck breeding, coops
C.) POW camp of Waffen-SS under OX and OY.>@
a.) Work up to 6 February 1942 (quarantine camp)
1.) 30 prisoner housing barracks (brick)
2.) 2 utility barracks

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4.) 10 washing and toilet barracks
5.) 1 barrack for corpses
6.) Entrance building
7.) Warehouse
8.) 11 watchtowers (wood)
b.) Work after 6 February 1942
1.) 252 prisoner housing barracks
2.) 18 utility barracks
3.) 18 barracks for provisions
4.) 36 washing and toilet barracks
5.) 4 barracks, infirmary
6.) 10 barracks for corpses
7.) Kommandantur building
8.) Guard building
9.) Barracks for guard unit
10.) 27 watchtowers (wood)
11.) Crematorium
12.) Bakery for HWL>@
13.) Water supply plant
14.) Sewers and sewage treatment plant
15.) Access road includ. parking area
16.) Road surfacing in POW camp including roll call areas
17.) RR siding from Auschwitz station
18.) Fences (electr. wire)
19.) Wire mesh fences for camp sections
20.) Power plant
21.) Alarm and telephone system
D. Special permit for:
I. Agricultural buildings
a.) permanent
1.) 2 cattle-sheds for a total of 400 head of cattle
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3.) 1 mess hall barrack
4.) Installation of two saunas
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1.) 2 office and storage barracks
2.) Potato bunker

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entrance building with watchtower is ready as a shell, covered, and internals are proceed-
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obstacle is nearly finished. For section II, 5 of the above barracks have been erected. Works
on the future camp road have been taken up again. Earth works for the future sewage
treatment plant at POW camp have been terminated and brick-works have been prepared.”
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“In the quarantine camp (1st section) 12 brick housing barracks have so far been put in
service, in the other 18 barracks the interior work is nearly finished. Furthermore, 12
collapsible barracks (horse-stable type) have been erected. To date 6 of these can be
used;, one is being arranged as an infirmary. Boilers have been installed in utility bar-
rack 2, some more installation work has yet to be finished. The pump unit for the water
supply has been installed in the first delousing barrack. The second delousing barrack
is nearly under cover. The 10 washing and toilet barracks have been mounted and cov-
ered, installations etc. are being put in at present. Some more finishing work has to be
done on the guard and entrance building.
For the second section, 54 collapsible barracks (horse-stable type) have been erected
so far, including some insulation. Works on the enclosure for this section are continu-
ing. Work continues on the water supply plant and the treatment plant, as well as the
earth works for the main effluent ditch. Drainage work on the quarantine camp has
started. The road from the POW camp to Birkenau has been partly taken up and re-
packed, this also goes for the road from the quarantine camp to camp 2; a number of
roads in the quarantine camp have been packed, graveled and rolled.”
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“In the quarantine camp (1st section) 15 out of the 30 brick housing barracks are pres-
ently occupied, the remaining 15 are ready for occupancy, and some of the erected bar-
racks (horse-stable barracks) including infirmary barrack have been put into service.
Furthermore, 2 utility barracks, 2 delousing barracks, 1 corpse storage barrack, 10
washing and toilet barracks and the washing and entrance building are ready or usa-
ble. For the quarantine camp the water supply and sewage system including treatment
plant and recipient are finished. Drainage of this section is about half completed. In
section II a total of 99 barracks (horse-stable barracks) have so far been erected. An-

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other 18 barracks of the same type, to be used as washing and toilet barracks, are now
being put up. Work on enclosure and on roads is continuing. Foundation work for the
guard troop barracks has started. Excavation for the crematorium has been started as
well.”
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± /DQJEHLQ+HUPDQQDer Auschwitz-Prozess. Eine Dokumentation(XURSD9HUODJ9LHQQD

± /DVLN$OHNVDQGHU³'LH3HUVRQDOEHVHW]XQJGHV*HVXQGKHLWVGLHQVWHVGHU66LP.RQ]HQWUDWL
RQVODJHU$XVFKZLW]%LUNHQDXLQGHQ-DKUHQ´Hefte von AuschwitzYRO6WDDW
OLFKHQ0XVHXP$XVFKZLW]

± /HQ]2WWR/XGZLJ*DVVQHUSchädlingsbekämpfung mit hochgiftigen StoffenLVVXH³%ODX

VlXUH´9HUODJVEXFKKDQGOXQJYRQ5LFKDUG6FKRHW]%HUOLQ
± /HWWLFK$QGUpTrente-quatre mois dans les Camps de Concentration. Témoignage sur les
crimes “scientifiques” commis par les médecins allemands,PSULPHULH8QLRQ&RRSpUDWLYH
7RXUV
± /RUHQ]HWWR6WHIDQR³,RO¶XOWLPRGHL6RQGHUNRPPDQGRDGGHWWLDLFUHPDWRULGL$XVFKZLW]Íl
Giornale-DQSDQG
± 0DWWRJQR&DUOR³$XVFKZLW])ULWMRI0H\HU
V1HZ5HYLVLRQV´The Revisionist
SS
±Auschwitz: la prima gasazione(GL]LRQLGL$U3DGRYD
±Auschwitz: le premier gazage9ULM+LVWRULVFK2QGHU]RHN%HUFKHP
±Auschwitz: The End of a Legend,QVWLWXWHIRU+LVWRULFDO5HYLHZ1HZSRUW%HDFK&$
±Auschwitz: The First Gassing7KHVHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV3UHVV&KLFDJR,/
±³&RPEXVWLRQ([SHULPHQWVZLWK)OHVKDQG$QLPDO)DW´The RevisionistSS

±³µ&UHPDWLRQ3LWV¶DQG*URXQG:DWHU/HYHOVDW%LUNHQDX´The RevisionistSS

±I forni crematori di Auschwitz. Studio storico-tecnico con la collaborazione del dott. Ing.
Franco Deana(IIHSL*HQRD
±La “Zentralbauleitung der Waffen-SS und Polizei Auschwitz”(GL]LRQLGL$U
±L’ “irritante questione” delle camere a gas ovvero da Cappuccetto Rosso ad…Auschwitz.
Risposta a Valentina Pisanty*UDSKRV*HQRYD
±³Medico ad Auschwitz”: Anatomia di un falso. La falsa testimonianza di Miklos Nyiszli
(GL]LRQL/D6ILQJH3DUPD
±Olocausto: dilettanti a convegno(IIHSL*HQRYD
±³2QWKH3LSHU0H\HU&RQWURYHUV\6RYLHW3URSDJDQGDYV3VHXGR5HYLVLRQLVP´The Revi-
sionistSS
±³2SHQ$LU,QFLQHUDWLRQVLQ$XVFKZLW]5XPRURU5HDOLW\"´The Revisionist
SS
±Special Treatment in Auschwitz. Origin and Meaning of a Term7KHVHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV
3UHVV&KLFDJR,/
±³6XSSOHPHQWDU\5HVSRQVHWR-RKQ&=LPPHUPDQRQKLVµ%RG\'LVSRVDODW$XVFKZLW]¶´
RQOLQHZZZYKRRUJ*%F&05LVSRVWDQHZHQJKWPO
±The Central Construction Office in Auschwitz7KHVHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV3UHVV&KLFDJR,/

±³7KHµ'LVFRYHU\¶RIµ%XQNHU¶DW%LUNHQDX6ZLQGOHV2OGDQG1HZ´The Revisionist
SS
±³7KH0RUJXHVRIWKH&UHPDWRULDDW%LUNHQDXLQWKH/LJKWRI'RFXPHQWV´The Revisionist
SS
± 0DWWRJQR&DUOR)UDQFH'HDQDThe Cremation Furnaces of Auschwitz: A Technical and
Historical Study&DVWOH+LOO3XEOLVKHUV8FNILHOG
± 0DWWRJQR&DUOR-UJHQ*UDIConcentration Camp Stutthof and Its Function in National So-
cialist Jewish Policy7KHVHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV3UHVV&KLFDJR,/
±Treblinka. Extermination Camp or Transit Camp?7KHVHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV3UHVV&KLFDJR
,/
± 0H\HU)ULWMRI³'LH=DKOGHU2SIHUYRQ$XVFKZLW]1HXH(UNHQQWQLVVHGXUFKQHXH$UFKLY
IXQGHÓsteuropa. Zeitschrift für Gegenwartsfragen des OstensQR0D\SS

± 0OOHU)LOLSEyewitness Auschwitz. Three Years in the Gas Chambers6WHLQDQG'D\1HZ

<RUN
± 1DXPDQQ%HUQGAuschwitz. Bericht über die Strafsache gegen Mulka u.a. vor dem Schwur-
gericht Frankfurt$WKlQHXP9HUODJ)UDQNIXUW0DLQ%RQQ
± 1\LV]OL0LNORVDr. Mengele boncolóorvosa voltam az Auschwitz-i krematóriumban7LSR
JUDILD³*UDILFD´2UDGHD1DJ\YiUDG
– Medico ad Auschwitz/RQJDQHVL0LODQR
±Im Jenseits der Menschlichkeit. Ein Gerichtsmediziner in Auschwitz'LHW]9HUODJ%HUOLQ

±Auschwitz. A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account)DZFHWW&UHVW1HZ<RUN
± 3DVNXO\6WHYHQHGDeath Dealer. The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz
3URPHWKHXV%RRNV%XIIDOR1<
± 3HOW5REHUW-YDQTheCase for Auschwitz. Evidence from the Irving Trial,QGLDQD8QLYHUVL
W\3UHVV%ORRPLQJWRQDQG,QGLDQDSROLV
± 3HUU\-+Chemical Engineer’s Handbook:LOPLQJWRQ'HODZDUH
± 3HWHUV*HUKDUG³%HJDVXQJVDQODJHQ9RQGHU.LVWH]XU.UHLVODXI.DPPHU´Zeitschrift für
hygienische Zoologie und SchädlingsbekämpfungSSI
± 3HWHUV*HUKDUG(PLO:VWLQJHU³(QWODXVXQJPLW=\NORQ%ODXVlXUHLQ.UHLVODXI
%HJDVXQJVNDPPHUQ´Zeitschrift für hygienische Zoologie und Schädlingsbekämpfung
SS
± 3KLOOLSV5D\PRQGHGTrial of Josef Kramer and Forty-Four Others (The Belsen Trial)
:LOOLDP+RGJHDQG&RPSDQ\/RQGRQ(GLQEXUJK*ODVJRZ
± 3LSHU)UDQFLV]HNDie Zahl der Opfer von Auschwitz,9HUODJ6WDDWOLFKHV0XVHXPLQ
2ĞZLĊFLP
± 3LSHU)UDQFLV]HN7ĝZLHERFNDHGVAuschwitz. Il campo nazista della morte(GL]LRQLGHO
0XVHR6WDWDOHGL$XVFKZLW]%LUNHQDX
± 3ROLDNRY/HRQBréviaire de la haine. Le IIIe Reich et les Juifs&DOPDQQ/pY\3DULV
±Harvest of Hate. The Nazi Program for the Destruction of the Jews of Europe6\UDFXVH
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV6\UDFXVH1<
± 3UHVVDF-HDQ&ODXGHAuschwitz: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chambers7KH%HDWH
.ODUVIHOG)RXQGDWLRQ1HZ<RUN
±Die Krematorien von Auschwitz. Die Technik des Massenmordes3LSHU0XQLFK
±Le macchine dello sterminio. Auschwitz 1941-1945)HOWULQHOOL(GLWRUH0LODQ
± 5HLWOLQJHU*HUDOGThe Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe 1939-
19459DOHQWLQH0LWFKHOO/RQGRQ
± 5XGROI*HUPDUHG Auschwitz: Plain Facts7KH%DUQHV5HYLHZ:DVKLQJWRQ'&
±Dissecting the Holocaust. The Growing Critique of “Truth” and “Memory,”QGHG7KH
VHV 'LVVHUWDWLRQV3UHVV&KLFDJR
±³)URPWKH5HFRUGVRIWKH)UDQNIXUW$XVFKZLW]7ULDO´SDUWVWKURXJKDQGThe Revi-
sionistSSSS
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bers’ of Auschwitz’ QGHG7KH%DUQHV5HYLHZ:DVKLQJWRQ'&
± 5XVVHOO/RUGRI/LYHUSRROThe Scourge of the Swastika. A Short History of Nazi War
Crimes&DVVHOO &RPSDQ\/7'/RQGRQ
± 5WHU&KULVWLDDQ)HWDOJustiz und NS-Verbrechen. Sammlung deutscher Strafurteile we-
gen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945-1966$PVWHUGDPYRO;,,,
± 6FKZHQVHQ.ODXV³7KH%RQHPLOORI/HPEHUJÍnconvenient History
KWWSLQFRQYHQLHQWKLVWRU\FRPDUFKLYHYROXPHBQXPEHUB

± 6HKQ-DQ³2Ey]NRQFHQWUDF\MQ\L]DJáDG\2ĞZLĊFLP´Biuletyn Gównej Komisji Badania

Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce
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± 6WDWHRI,VUDHO0LQLVWU\RI-XVWLFHThe Trial of Adolf Eichmann. Record of Proceedings in
the District Court of Jerusalem-HUXVDOHP
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$XVFKZLW]%LUNHQDX2ĞZLĊFLP
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HOLOCAUST HANDBOOKS
T
his ambitious, growing series addresses various angles of the “Holocaust” of the WWII era.
Most of them are based on decades of research from archives all over the world. They are heav-
ily footnoted and referenced. In contrast to most other works on this issue, the tomes of this
series approach its topic with profound academic scrutiny and a critical attitude. Any Holocaust
researcher ignoring this series will remain oblivious to some of the most important research in the
eld. These books are designed to both convince the common reader as well as academics. The fol-
lowing books have appeared so far and are available from THE BARNES REVIEW and CODOH/CASTLE
HILL PUBLISHERS:
SECTION ONE:
General Overviews of the Holocaust
The First Holocaust. The Surprising Origin of
the Six-Million Figure. By Don Heddesheimer.
This compact but substantive study documents
propaganda spread prior to,
during and after the FIRST
World War that claimed
East European Jewry was
on the brink of annihilation.
The magic number of suf-
fering and dying Jews was
6 million back then as well. 3LFWXUHGDERYHDUHDOORIWKHVFLHQWL¿FVWXGLHVWKDWFRPSULVHWKHVH
ULHVHolocaust HandbooksSXEOLVKHGWKXVIDU0RUHYROXPHVDQG
The book details how these QHZHGLWLRQVDUHFRQVWDQWO\LQWKHZRUNV
Jewish fundraising opera-
tions in America raised vast reveals that the Germans
sums in the name of feeding were desperate to reduce
suffering Polish and Russian Jews but actu- the death rate in their labor
ally funneled much of the money to Zionist and camps, which was caused
Communist groups. 3rd edition, 188 pages, b&w by catastrophic typhus epi-
illustrations, bibliography, index. (#6) demics. Dr. Kollerstrom, a
science historian, has taken
Lectures on the Holocaust. Controversial Is- these intercepts and a wide
sues Cross Examined. By Germar Rudolf. Be- array of mostly unchal-
tween 1992 and 2005 German scholar Germar lenged corroborating evi-
Rudolf lectured to various dence to show that “witness
audiences about the Ho- statements” supporting the human gas cham-
locaust in the light of new ber narrative clearly clash with the available
ndings. Rudolf ’s some- scientic data. Kollerstrom concludes that the
times astounding facts and history of the Nazi “Holocaust” has been writ-
arguments fell on fertile soil ten by the victors with ulterior motives. It is
among his listeners, as they distorted, exaggerated and largely wrong. With
were presented in a very a foreword by Prof. Dr. James Fetzer. 2nd edi-
sensitive and scholarly way. tion, 257 pages, b&w illustrations, bibliography,
This book is the literary ver- index. (#31)
sion of Rudolf ’s lectures, en-
Debating the Holocaust. A New Look at Both
riched with the most recent
Sides. By Thomas Dalton. Mainstream histori-
ndings of historiography. Rudolf introduces
ans insist that there cannot be, may not be a
the most important arguments for his ndings,
debate about the Holocaust. But ignoring it does
and his audience reacts with supportive, skepti-
not make this controversy go away. Traditional
cal and also hostile questions. We believe this
scholars admit that there
book is the best introduction into this taboo top- was neither a budget, a plan,
ic. Second edition, 500 pages, b&w illustrations, nor an order for the Holo-
bibliography, index.(#15) caust; that the key camps
Breaking the Spell. The Holocaust, Myth & have all but vanished, and
Reality. By Nicholas Kollerstrom. In 1941, so have any human remains;
British Intelligence analysts cracked the Ger- that material and unequivo-
man “Enigma” code. Hence, in 1942 and 1943, cal documentary evidence is
encrypted radio communications between Ger- absent; and that there are
man concentration camps and the Berlin head- serious problems with sur-
quarters were decrypted. The intercepted data vivor testimonies. Dalton
refutes, the orthodox “Holocaust” narrative. It juxtaposes the traditional
$OOERRNVDUH´î´SDSHUEDFNVXQOHVVRWKHUZLVHVWDWHG/LEUDU\GLVFRXQWVDUHDYDLODEOHIRUWKHZKROHVHWDQGDOOVXEVHTXHQWYROXPHV
HOLOCAUST HANDBOOKS ۨ www.HolocaustHandbooks.com
Holocaust narrative with revision- Air Photo Evidence: World War Two
ist challenges and then analyzes the Photos of Alleged Mass Murder Sites
mainstream’s responses to them. He Analyzed. By John C. Ball. During
reveals the weaknesses of both sides, World War Two both German and
while declaring revisionism the win- Allied reconnaissance aircraft took
ner of the current state of the debate. countless air photos of places of tacti-
2nd, revised and expanded edition, cal and strategic interest in Europe.
332 pages, b&w illustrations, biblio- These photos are prime evidence for
graphy, index. (#32) the investigation of the Holocaust.
The Hoax of the Twentieth Century. Air photos of locations like Auschwitz,
The Case against the Presumed Ex- Majdanek, Treblinka, Babi Yar etc.
termination of European Jewry. By permit an insight into what did or did
Arthur R. Butz. The rst writer to not happen there. John Ball has un-
analyze the entire Holocaust complex earthed many pertinent photos and
in a precise scientic manner. This has thoroughly analyzed them. This
book exhibits the overwhelming force book is full of air photo reproductions
of arguments accumulated by the and schematic drawings explaining
mid-1970s. It continues to be a major them. According to the author, these
historical reference work, frequently images refute many of the atrocity
cited by prominent personalities. This claims made by witnesses in connec-
edition has numerous supplements tion with events in the German sphere
with new information gathered over of inuence. 3rd revised and expanded
the last 35 years. Fourth edition, 524 edition. Edited by Germar Rudolf;
pages, b&w illustrations, bibliography, with a contribution by Carlo Mattog-
index. (#7) no. 168 pages, 8.5”×11”, b&w illustra-
tions, bibliography, index (#27).
Dissecting the Holocaust. The Grow-
ing Critique of ‘Truth’ and ‘Memory.’ The Leuchter Reports: Critical Edi-
Edited by Germar Rudolf. Dissecting tion. By Fred Leuchter, Robert Fauris-
the Holocaust applies state-of-the-art son and Germar Rudolf. Between 1988
scientic technique and classic meth- and 1991, U.S. expert on execution
ods of detection to investigate the al- technologies Fred Leuchter wrote four
leged murder of millions of Jews by detailed reports addressing whether
Germans during World War II. In the Third Reich operated homicidal
22 contributions—each of some 30 gas chambers. The rst report on
pages—the 17 authors dissect gener- Auschwitz and Majdanek became
ally accepted paradigms of the “Holo- world famous. Based on chemical
caust.” It reads as exciting as a crime analyses and various technical argu-
novel: so many lies, forgeries and de- ments, Leuchter concluded that the
ceptions by politicians, historians and locations investigated “could not have
scientists are proven. This is the intel- then been, or now be, utilized or seri-
lectual adventure of the 21st century. ously considered to function as execu-
Be part of it! Second revised edition. tion gas chambers.” 4th edition, 252
620 pages, b&w illustrations, biblio- pages, b&w illustrations. (#16)
graphy, index. (#1) The Giant with Feet of Clay: Raul Hil-
The Dissolution of Eastern European berg and His Standard Work on the
Jewry. By Walter N. Sanning. Six Mil- “Holocaust.” By Jürgen Graf. Raul Hil-
lion Jews died in the Holocaust. San- berg’s major work The Destruction of
ning did not take that number at face European Jewry is an orthodox stan-
value, but thoroughly explored Euro- dard work on the Holocaust. But what
pean population developments and evidence does Hilberg provide to back
shifts mainly caused by emigration as his thesis that there was a German
well as deportations and evacuations plan to exterminate Jews, carried out
conducted by both Nazis and the So- mainly in gas chambers? Jürgen Graf
viets, among other things. The book applies the methods of critical analy-
is based mainly on Jewish, Zionist sis to Hilberg’s evidence and examines
and mainstream sources. It concludes the results in light of modern histori-
that a sizeable share of the Jews found ography. The results of Graf ’s critical
missing during local censuses after the analysis are devastating for Hilberg.
Second World War, which were so far 2nd, corrected edition, 139 pages, b&w
counted as “Holocaust victims,” had illustrations, bibliography, index. (#3)
either emigrated (mainly to Israel or Jewish Emigration from the Third
the U.S.) or had been deported by Sta- Reich. By Ingrid Weckert. Current
lin to Siberian labor camps. 2nd, cor- historical writings about the Third
rected edition, foreword by A.R. Butz, Reich claim state it was difcult for
epilogue by Germar Rudolf containing Jews to ee from Nazi persecution.
important updates; 224 pages, b&w il- The truth is that Jewish emigration
lustrations, bibliography (#29). was welcomed by the German authori-
ties. Emigration was not some kind of trains; high voltage; vacuum chambers;
wild ight, but rather a lawfully de- etc. The corpses were incinerated on
termined and regulated matter. Weck- huge pyres without leaving a trace. For
ert’s booklet elucidates the emigration those who know the stories about Tre-
process in law and policy. She shows blinka this sounds familiar. Thus the
that German and Jewish authorities author has restricted this study to the
worked closely together. Jews inter- aspects which are new compared to Tre-
ested in emigrating received detailed blinka. In contrast to Treblinka, foren-
advice and offers of help from both sic drillings and excavations were per-
sides. 2nd ed., 130 pages, index. (#12) formed at Belzec, the results of which
Inside the Gas Chambers: The Exter- are critically reviewed. 138 pages, b&w
mination of Mainstream Holocaust illustrations, bibliography, index. (#9)
Historiography. By Carlo Mattogno. Sobibor: Holocaust Propaganda and
Neither increased media propaganda Reality. By Jürgen Graf, Thomas Kues
or political pressure nor judicial perse- and Carlo Mattogno. Between 25,000
cution can stie revisionism. Hence, in and 2 million Jews are said to have
early 2011, the Holocaust Orthodoxy been killed in gas chambers in the
published a 400 pp. book (in German) Sobibór camp in Poland. The corpses
claiming to refute “revisionist propa- were allegedly buried in mass graves
ganda,” trying again to prove “once and later incinerated on pyres. This
and for all” that there were homicidal book investigates these claims and
gas chambers at the camps of Dachau, shows that they are based on the se-
Natzweiler, Sachsenhausen, Mau- lective use of contradictory eyewitness
thausen, Ravensbrück, Neuengamme, testimony. Archeological surveys of the
Stutthof… you name them. Mattogno camp in 2000-2001 are analyzed, with
shows with his detailed analysis of fatal results for the extermination
this work of propaganda that main- camp hypothesis. The book also docu-
stream Holocaust hagiography is beat- ments the general National Socialist
ing around the bush rather than ad- policy toward Jews, which never in-
dressing revisionist research results. cluded a genocidal “nal solution.” 434
He exposes their myths, distortions pages, b&w illustrations, bibliography,
and lies. 268 pages, b&w illustrations, index. (#19)
bibliography. (#25) The “Extermination Camps” of “Aktion
Reinhardt”. By Jürgen Graf, Thomas
SECTION TWO: Kues and Carlo Mattogno. In late
Books on Specic Camps 2011, several members of the exter-
minationist Holocaust Controversies
Treblinka: Extermination Camp or blog published a study which claims
Transit Camp? By Carlo Mattogno and to refute three of our authors’ mono-
Jürgen Graf. It is alleged that at Treb- graphs on the camps Belzec, Sobibor
linka in East Poland between 700,000 and Treblinka (see previous three
and 3,000,000 persons were murdered entries). This tome is their point-by-
in 1942 and 1943. The weapons used point response, which makes “mince-
were said to have been stationary and/ meat” out of the bloggers’ attempt at
or mobile gas chambers, fast-acting or refutation. It requires familiarity with
slow-acting poison gas, unslaked lime, the above-mentioned books and consti-
superheated steam, electricity, diesel tutes a comprehensive update and ex-
exhaust fumes etc. Holocaust histori- pansion of their themes. 2nd edition,
ans alleged that bodies were piled as two volumes, total of 1396 pages, illus-
high as multi-storied buildings and trations, bibliography. (#28)
burned without a trace, using little Chelmno: A Camp in History & Propa-
or no fuel at all. Graf and Mattogno ganda. By Carlo Mattogno. The world’s
have now analyzed the origins, logic premier holocaust scholar focuses his
and technical feasibility of the ofcial microscope on the death camp located
version of Treblinka. On the basis of in Poland. It was at Chelmno that
numerous documents they reveal Tre- huge masses of prisoners—as many as
blinka’s true identity as a mere transit 1.3 million—were allegedly rounded
camp. 365 pages, b&w illustrations, up and killed. His book challenges
bibliography, index. (#8) the conventional wisdom of what
Belzec in Propaganda, Testimonies, went on inside Chelmno. Eyewitness
Archeological Research and History. statements, forensics reports, coro-
By Carlo Mattogno. Witnesses report ners’ reports, excavations, crematoria,
that between 600,000 and 3 million building plans, U.S. reports, German
Jews were murdered in the Belzec documents, evacuation efforts, mobile
camp, located in Poland. Various mur- gas vans for homicidal purposes—all
der weapons are claimed to have been are discussed. 191 pages, indexed, il-
used: diesel gas; unslaked lime in lustrated, bibliography. (#23)
The Gas Vans: A Critical Investiga- toward the end of World War II. Third
tion. (A perfect companion to the edition, 171 pages, b&w illustrations,
Chelmno book.) By Santiago Alvarez bibliography, index. (#4)
and Pierre Marais. It is alleged that
the Nazis used mobile gas chambers SECTION THREE:
to exterminate 700,000 people. Up Auschwitz Studies
until 2011, no thorough monograph
had appeared on the topic. Santiago The Real Case of Auschwitz: Robert
Alvarez has rem- van Pelt’s Evidence from the Irving
edied the situation. Trial Critically Reviewed. By Carlo
Are witness state- Mattogno. Prof. Robert van Pelt is
ments reliable? Are considered one of the best mainstream
documents genu- experts on Auschwitz and has been
ine? Where are called upon several times in holocaust
the murder weap- court cases. His work is cited by many
ons? Could they to prove the holocaust happened as
have operated as mainstream scholars insist. This book
claimed? Where are is a scholarly response to Prof. van
the corpses? Alva- Pelt—and Jean-Claude Pressac. It
rez has scrutinized shows that their studies are heavily
all known wartime documents, photos awed. This is a book of prime politi-
and witness statements on this topic, cal and scholarly importance to those
and has examined the claims made by looking for the truth about Auschwitz.
the mainstream. 390 pages, b&w il- 2nd edition, 758 pages, b&w illustra-
lustrations, bibliography, index. (#26) tions, glossary, bibliography, index.
Concentration Camp Majdanek. A (#22)
Historical and Technical Study. By Auschwitz: Plain Facts—A Response
Carlo Mattogno and Jürgen Graf. to Jean-Claude Pressac. Edited by
Little research had been directed to- Germar Rudolf. French pharmacist
ward Concentration Camp Majdanek Jean-Claude Pressac tried to refute
in central Poland, even though it recent ndings with their own techni-
is claimed that up to a million Jews cal methods. For this he was praised
were murdered there. The only infor- by the mainstream, and they pro-
mation available is discredited Polish claimed victory over the “revisionists.”
Communist propaganda. This glaring In Auschwitz: Plain Facts, Pressac’s
research gap has nally been lled. works and claims are debunked. 197
After exhaustive research of primary pages, b&w illustrations, bibliogra-
sources, Mattogno and Graf created phy, index. (#14)
a monumental study which expertly The Rudolf Report. Expert Report
dissects and repudiates the myth of on Chemical and Technical Aspects
homicidal gas chambers at Majdanek. of the ‘Gas Chambers’ of Auschwitz.
They also critically investigated the By Germar Rudolf and Dr. Wolfgang
legend of mass executions of Jews in Lambrecht. In 1988, execution expert
tank trenches (“Operation Harvest Fred Leuchter investigated the gas
Festival”) and prove them ground- chambers of Auschwitz and Majdanek
less. The authors’ investigations lead and concluded that they could not
to unambiguous conclusions about have worked as claimed. Ever since,
the camp which are radically differ- Leuchter’s work has been attacked.
ent from the ofcial theses. Again In 1993, Germar Rudolf published
they have produced a standard and a thorough forensic study about the
methodical investigative work, which “gas chambers” of Auschwitz. His re-
authentic historiography cannot ig- port irons out the deciencies of “The
nore. Third edition, 350 pages, b&w Leuchter Report.” Second edition, 457
illustrations, bibliography, index. (#5) pages, b&w illustrations, bibliogra-
Concentration Camp Stutthof and Its phy, index. (#2)
Function in National Socialist Jewish Auschwitz Lies: Legends, Lies and
Policy. By Carlo Mattogno and Jürgen Prejudices on the Holocaust. By
Graf. The Stutthof camp in Prussia Carlo Mattogno and Germar Rudolf.
has never before been scientically The fallacious research and alleged
investigated by traditional historians, “refutation”of Revisionist scholars by
who claim nonetheless that Stutthof French biochemist G. Wellers, Pol-
served as a ‘makeshift’ extermination ish Prof. J. Markiewicz, chemist Dr.
camp in 1944. Based mainly on archi- Richard Green, Profs. Zimmerman,
val resources, this study thoroughly M. Shermer and A. Grobman, as well
debunks this view and shows that as researchers Keren, McCarthy and
Stutthof was in fact a center for the Mazal, are exposed for what they are:
organization of German forced labor blatant and easily exposed political
lies created to ostracize dissident his- armaments industry. This, after all,
torians. In this book, facts beat propa- was the only thing the Auschwitz au-
ganda once again. Second edition, 398 thorities were really interested in due
pages, b&w illustrations, index. (#18) to orders from the highest levels of the
Auschwitz: The Central Construction German government. (Scheduled for
Ofce. By Carlo Mattogno. Based upon early 2016; #33)
mostly unpublished German wartime Debunking tthe
he Bunkers of Auschwitz:
documents, this study describes the Black Propaganda vs. History. By
history, organization, tasks and pro- Carlo Mattogno. The bunkers at Aus-
cedures of the Central Construction chwitz are claimed to have been the
Ofce of the Waffen-SS and Auschwitz rst homicidal gas chambers at Aus-
Police. Despite a huge public interest chwitz specically equipped for this
in the camp, next to nothing was real- purpose. With the help of original Ger-
ly known about this ofce, which was man wartime les as well as reveal-
responsible for the planning and con- ing air photos taken by Allied recon-
struction of the Auschwitz camp com- naissance aircraft in 1944, this study
plex, including the crematories which shows that these homicidal “bunkers”
are said to have contained the “gas never existed, how the rumors about
chambers.” 2nd ed., 188 pages, b&w them evolved as black propaganda
illustrations, glossary, index. (#13) created by resistance groups in the
Garrison and Headquarters Orders camp, and how this propaganda was
of the Auschwitz Camp. By C. Mat- transformed into a false reality. 2nd
togno. A large number of all the orders ed., 292 pages, b&w illustrations, bib-
ever issued by the various command- liography, index. (#11)
ers of the infamous Auschwitz camp Auschwitz: The First Gassing—Ru-
have been preserved. They reveal mor and Reality. By Carlo Mattogno.
the true nature of the camp with all The rst gassing in Auschwitz is
its daily events. There is not a trace claimed to have occurred on Sept. 3,
in these orders pointing at anything 1941, in a basement room. The ac-
sinister going on in this camp. Quite counts reporting it are the archetypes
to the contrary, many orders are in for all later gassing accounts. This
clear and insurmountable contradic- study analyzes all available sources
tion to claims that prisoners were about this alleged event. It shows that
mass murdered. This is a selection these sources contradict each other in
of the most pertinent of these orders location, date, preparations, victims
together with comments putting them etc, rendering it impossible to extract
into their proper historical context. a consistent story. Original wartime
(Scheduled for early 2016; #34) documents inict a nal blow to this
Special Treatment in Auschwitz: Ori- legend and prove without a shadow
gin and Meaning of a Term. By Carlo of a doubt that this legendary event
Mattogno. When appearing in Ger- never happened. Second edition, 168
man wartime documents, terms like pages, b&w illustrations, bibliogra-
“special treatment,” “special action,” phy, index. (#20)
and others have been interpreted as Auschwitz: Crematorium I and the Al-
code words for mass murder. But that leged Homicidal Gassings. By Carlo
is not always true. This study focuses Mattogno. The morgue of Cremato-
on documents about Auschwitz, show- rium I in Auschwitz is said to be the
ing that, while “special” had many rst homicidal gas chamber there.
different meanings, not a single one This study investigates all statements
meant “execution.” Hence the practice by witnesses and analyzes hundreds
of deciphering an alleged “code lan- of wartime documents to accurately
guage” by assigning homicidal mean- write a history of that building. Mat-
ing to harmless documents – a key togno proves that its morgue was nev-
component of mainstream historiogra- er a homicidal gas chamber, nor could
phy – is untenable. 151 pages, b&w il- it have worked as such. 138 pages,
lustrations, bibliography, index. (#10) b&w illustrations, bibliography, index.
Health Care at Auschwitz. By Carlo (#21)
Mattogno. In extension of the above Auschwitz: Open Air Incinerations.
study on Special Treatment in Ausch- By Carlo Mattogno. Hundreds of thou-
witz, this study proves the extent to sands of corpses of murder victims
which the German authorities at are claimed to have been incinerated
Auschwitz tried to provide appropri- in deep ditches in the Auschwitz con-
ate health care for the inmates. This centration camp. This book examines
is frequently described as special mea- the many testimonies regarding these
sures to improve the inmates’ health incinerations and establishes whether
and thus ability to work in Germany’s these claims were even possible. Us-
ing aerial photographs, physical evidence and esel and his fellow extremists to force leaders of
wartime documents, the author shows that many nations, the U.N. and even popes to genu-
these claims are ction. A must read. 132 pages, ect before Wiesel as symbolic acts of subordi-
b&w illustrations, bibliography, index. (#17) nation to World Jewry, while at the same time
The Cremation Furnaces of Auschwitz. By Car- forcing school children to submit to Holocaust
lo Mattogno & Franco Deana. An exhaustive brainwashing. 468 pages, b&w illust., bibliogra-
technical study of the history and technology phy, index. (#30)
of cremation in general and of the cremation Auschwitz: Confessions and Testimonies. By
furnaces of Auschwitz in particular. On a sound Jürgen Graf. The traditional narrative of what
and thoroughly documented base of technical transpired at the infamous Auschwitz camp
literature, extant wartime documents and ma- during WWII rests almost exclusively on wit-
terial traces, Mattogno and Deana can establish ness testimony from former inmates as well as
the true nature and capacity of the Auschwitz erstwhile camp ofcials. This study critically
cremation furnaces. They show that these de- scrutinizes the 40 most important of these wit-
vices were cheaper versions than what was ness statements by checking them for internal
usually produced, and that their capacity to cre- coherence, and by comparing them with one
mate corpses was lower than normal, too. Hence another as well as with other evidence such
this study reveals that the Auschwitz cremation as wartime documents, air photos, forensic re-
furnaces were not monstrous super ovens but search results, and material traces. The result
rather inferior make-shift devices. 3 vols., 1198 is devastating for the traditional narrative.
pages, b&w and color illustrations (vols 2 & 3), (Scheduled for summer 2016; #36)
bibliography, index, glossary. (#24) Commandant of Auschwitz: Rudolf Höss, His
Torture and His Forced Confessions. By Rudolf
Höss & Carlo Mattogno. When Rudolf Höss was
in charge at Auschwitz, the mass extermination
of Jews in gas chambers is said to have been
launched and carried out. He confessed this in
numerous postwar depositions. Hence Höss’s
testimony is the most convincing of all. But
what traditional sources usually do not reveal
is that Höss was severely tortured to coerce him
to “confess,” and that his various statements
are not only contradictory but also full of his-
torically and physically impossible, even absurd
claims. This study expertly analyzes Höss’s
various confessions and lays them all open for
everyone to see the ugly truth. (Scheduled for
summer 2016: #35)
An Auschwitz Doctor’s Eyewitness Account: The
Tall Tales of Dr. Mengele’s Assistant Analyzed
Analyzed..
By Miklos Nyiszli & Carlo Mattogno. Nyiszli, a
Hungarian Jew who studied medicine in Ger-
many before the war, ended up at Auschwitz
in 1944 as Dr. Mengele’s assistant. After the
war he wrote an account of what he claimed to
have experienced. To this day some traditional
historians take his accounts seriously, while
others accept that it is a grotesque collection
SECTION FOUR of lies and exaggerations. This study analyzes
Witness Critique Nyiszli’s novel and skillfully separates truth
from fabulous fabrication. (Scheduled for spring
Holocaust High Priest: Elie 2016; #37)
Wiesel, Night, the Memory
Cult, and the Rise of Revi- Further Projects
sionism. By Warren B. Rout- Further studies we propose to publish would
ledge. The rst unauthorized scrutinize eyewitness accounts from, e.g., Fil-
biography of Wiesel exposes lip Müller, Rudolf Vrba, Henryk Tauber, Yankiel
both his personal deceits and Wiernik, Richard Glazar. Scholars interested in
the whole myth of “the six taking on any of these or other witnesses, please
million.” It shows how Zion- get in touch using the contact form at www.
ist control has allowed Wi- codoh.com/contact-us
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to present construction projects for the homicidal annihilation installations

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“Taking into account the construction measures ordered locally by SS

i) Finishing of temporary officers’ club with officers’ accommodations in

The distance between the permanent buildings will be 14 m edge to

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however, to be too small and not very practical. >7KHQ@ an installation of 5

“The gas chambers.

ing bricks from semi-underground stores and from storage buildings in

house had a metal plate with the inscription ‘Hochspannung – Lebens-

– The relative positions of the ditch, Bunker V>@ and an undressing

a disinfestation installation. This is only a farm house with a thatched roof,

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My declarations made above correspond fully and completely to the truth

We marched 200 metres and stopped in a clearing. Two SS officers were

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b. Gas chamber no. 2 with the pyres

c. Pyres near crematorium 5

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