Introdution To Mbrace Strengthening Systems

Introduction to
MBrace® FRP Strengthening

Systems
27-28 March 2012 Mbrace® FRP

Jakarta Systems
Özgür Afacan
Marketing Manager CS, ASEAN
What is strengthening?
Strengthening is defined as increasing load bearing

capacity, rigidity and ductility of a structure over it’s
existing capacity.
Strengthening Need
• Revision of codes
• Change of use
• Seismic damage
• Damage due to environmental conditions and aging

Reasons for Structural Strengthening..
Error in Construction and Design
Missing Reinforcement
Incorrect Reinforcing Details
Low Concrete Strength
Insufficient Reinforcement,
Error in Drafting.
4
17/03/2011 - Zaheer Abbas
Strengthening Methods
Concrete Jacketing
Steel Jacketing
FRP Composites
 Mbrace® FRP Systems
TRADITIONAL METHODS
CONRETE JACKETING
−Bulky set up, requiring formwork.
−Time consuming
−Labor intensive
−Fairly destructive
−Different rates of shrinkage for old and

new concrete which effects the bonding of
new and old concrete. Existing profile
−Increases dead load on the structure. Enlarged profile
−Offset from the existing alignment.

TRADITIONAL METHODS
STEEL PLATE BONDING
−Bulky Set up .
−Labor Intensive
−Steel Plates Needs to be Tailor Made
−Hard to Lift and Align Steel Plates.
−Drilling and Bolting of the plates causes

distress.
−Difficult to do drilling in pre-stressed RC

element.
−Different rates of shrinkage for old and new

concrete which effects the bonding of new and
old concrete.
−Increases dead load on the structure.

TRADITIONAL METHODS
JACKETING WITH SPRAYED CONCRETE
−Labor intensive
−Special equipment required.
−Wastage of repair material.
−Uneven surface finish
−Increase in member dimensions and dead load.
−Hard to lift and align steel plates.
−Drilling and bolting of the plates causes distress.
−Difficult to do drilling in pre-stressed RC element.
−Different rates of shrinkage for old and new concrete

which effects the bonding of new and old concrete.
−Increases dead load on the structure.
8
17/03/2011 - Zaheer Abbas
FRP Strengthening Systems
Composite Material Properties

Fibres
Fibres are the main load bearing components in FRP Strengthening Systems, they
increase strength, ductility and stiffness of the structural elements.
 Aramide; very tough material, high energy

dissipation capacity
 Carbon; high elasticity modulus, creep strength,
fatigue strength
 Glass; low elasticity modulus, lower creep and
fatigue strength (rather than carbon)
Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Composite Material Type
 Sheet (Fibre)
 Plate (Laminate)
 Rod (Bar)

Benefits
 High tensile strength and elasticity modulus
 Impact resistance
 Long term durability
 Excellent corrosion resistance even in high alkali and acidic environment
 Resists to chemicals
 Light weight and easy to carry
 Fast Application
 Does not disturb the service conditions
 Decorative
General Design Considerations

Strengthening of RC Structures by externally bonded FRP System relies on the
composite action between a reinforced or prestressed concrete element and the
externally bonded reinforcement.
FRP System are designed to resist tensile forces, they should not be relied on to
resist compresive forces.
sc sr
ffd
FRP
Concrete Steel
afcd fyd
ec er
0.002 0.003 eyd efud esu
Design Material Properties

Long-term environmental exposures can reduce the tensile properties and creep-
rupture and fatigue endurance of FRP materials.
So the material properties used in design equations should be reduced by

Environmental Reduction Factor.
f fu
f fu  C E f fu* e fu  C E e *fu Ef 
e fu
f fu : Design ultimate tensile strength of FRP , e fu : Design rupture strain of FRP
f fu* : Ultimate tensile strength of FRP , e *fu : Ultimate rupture strain of FRP
(reported by manufacturer) (reported by manufacturer)
CE : Environmental reduction factor
Ef : Tensile elasticity modulus of FRP

Design Material Properties

Environmental Reduction Factor
Exposure Condition Fibre and Resin Type Environmental Reduction Factor, CE
Carbon / Epoxy 0.95
Interior Exposure Glass / Epoxy 0.75
Aramide / Epoxy 0.85
Carbon / Epoxy 0.85

Exterior Exposure
Glass / Epoxy 0.65
(Bridges, Piers etc.)
Carbon / Epoxy 0.85

Aggresive Environment
(Chemical Plants, Waste Water Glass / Epoxy 0.50
Treatment Plants)
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Fire Resistance
• Fire performance of FRP systems is simply limited by the resins:

• Epoxy systems have a limited heat deflection or glass-transition temperature of
around 60-80oC.
• Fire temperatures far exceed this
• Fire-rated plasterboard or fire-spray (as used on steel structures) maybe used

where it is appropriately designed
• However, world-wide approach is to adopt a “rational fire design” which states:

• In a fire, assume all FRP is ineffective
• Check that the structure has enough inherent capacity to resist reduced fire loads (ie,
minimum Dead Load and Live Load is that the building can stand up without the FRP)
• In the event of a fire, simply replace any damaged FRP


Composite Material Types
3000
Elasticity Tensile
Fibre Type Modulus Strength 2500
kN/mm2 N/mm2
2000
Carbon 240 – 640 2500 – 4000
N/mm2
1500
Aramide 120 2900
1000
Glass 70 2000
Steel
500
PES / PP 10 – 15 1200 – 3000
0
Steel St37 210 370
0 5 10 15
e%

Fundamental Mechanical Terms
Strain

e 
l l


Stress
P

A s 


Elasticity Modulus
s (MPA)
3600 C1-30
  tan   s
e
420 Steel

0,002 0,015 ε

Elasticity Modulus
s  e  Example
Mbrace Fibre C1-23
E = 240.000 N/mm2
ε = 0,004
s = 0,004 x 240.000
s = 960 N/mm2

Elasticity Modulus
Mbrace Fibre C1-23
E = 240.000 N/mm2
t = 0,117 mm
b = 300 mm
A = 300 x 0,117
A = 35.1 mm2

Elasticity Modulus
Mbrace Fibre CF 230/4900 200/50
E = 240.000 N/mm2
t = 0,117 mm
b = 300 mm
P=sxA
P = 960 x 35.1 P = 34 kN (3,4 tons)

Elasticity Modulus
Mbrace Laminate CF 165/2500 100/1,2
E = 165.000 N/mm2
ε = 0,004
s = 0,004 x 165.000
s = 660 N/mm2

Elasticity Modulus
E = 165.000 N/mm2
t = 1,2 mm
b = 100 mm
A = 100 x 1,2
A = 120 mm2

Elasticity Modulus
E = 165.000 N/mm2
t = 1,2 mm
b = 100 mm
P=sxA
P = 660 x 120 P = 79 kN (7,9 tons)

Calculation of Equivalent FRP Area
Ex: Missing Re-bar : 2  14

s = 420 N/mm2 Mbrace Laminate LM 10/1,2
A = 308 mm2 E = 165.000 N/mm2
t = 1,2 mm
P=sxA b = 100 mm
P = 420 x 308 ε = 0,004
PS = 130 kN (13 tons) PL = 79 kN (7,9 tons)

Calculation of Equivalent FRP Area
Ex: Missing Re-bar : 2  14

PS = 130 kN (13 ton)
Mbrace quantity =
PL = 79 kN (7,9 ton)
Mbrace quantity = 1,65

Mbrace quantity = 2 pieces

 Confinement Effect and Improving the Ductility



 Increasing the Flexural Strength





 Increasing the Shear Strength



 Improving the Impact Resistance



 Strengthening of Historic Buildings






Application – Mbrace® Fibre

 Substrate Preparation



 Primer Application

 Adhesive Application

 Material Preparation

 Mbrace Fibre Application





Application – Mbrace® Laminate






 Mbrace Laminate Application


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Introduction to

MBrace® FRP Strengthening

27-28 March 2012 Mbrace® FRP

Strengthening is defined as increasing load bearing

• Damage due to environmental conditions and aging

Error in Construction and Design

Incorrect Reinforcing Details

Low Concrete Strength

−Bulky set up, requiring formwork.

−Different rates of shrinkage for old and

−Increases dead load on the structure. Enlarged profile

−Offset from the existing alignment.

−Steel Plates Needs to be Tailor Made

−Hard to Lift and Align Steel Plates.

−Drilling and Bolting of the plates causes

−Difficult to do drilling in pre-stressed RC

−Different rates of shrinkage for old and new

−Increases dead load on the structure.

−Offset from the existing alignment.

−Special equipment required.

−Wastage of repair material.

−Uneven surface finish

−Increase in member dimensions and dead load.

−Hard to lift and align steel plates.

−Drilling and bolting of the plates causes distress.

−Difficult to do drilling in pre-stressed RC element.

−Different rates of shrinkage for old and new concrete

−Increases dead load on the structure.

−Offset from the existing alignment.

Composite Material Properties

 Aramide; very tough material, high energy

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

 Long term durability

 Excellent corrosion resistance even in high alkali and acidic environment

 Light weight and easy to carry

 Does not disturb the service conditions

General Design Considerations

Design Material Properties

So the material properties used in design equations should be reduced by

f fu : Design ultimate tensile strength of FRP , e fu : Design rupture strain of FRP

CE : Environmental reduction factor

Ef : Tensile elasticity modulus of FRP

Design Material Properties

Exposure Condition Fibre and Resin Type Environmental Reduction Factor, CE

Carbon / Epoxy 0.95

Interior Exposure Glass / Epoxy 0.75

Aramide / Epoxy 0.85

Carbon / Epoxy 0.85

Carbon / Epoxy 0.85

• Fire performance of FRP systems is simply limited by the resins:

• Fire temperatures far exceed this

• Fire-rated plasterboard or fire-spray (as used on steel structures) maybe used

• However, world-wide approach is to adopt a “rational fire design” which states:

• In the event of a fire, simply replace any damaged FRP

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems

Mbrace® Strengthening Systems