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It has developed in order to take into account processes that take place when a person acquires a
first foreign language. It has been focused on comparing foreign language
acquisition with the acquisition of the native language and explaining why the
latter is unsuccessful in terms of reaching native or near-native level of
phonetic proficiency.
DAVIES?
MODELS:
the importance of this model is that it emphasises the existence of a common phonological space between l1
and l2. / adding new phnetic categories or changing the existing ones.
The Perceptual Assimilation Model (Best 1995) describes a process by which we perceptually assimilate
non-native phonemes into our own phonemic inventory. It proposes three possible classifications:
• 1. Categorized exemplar of some native phoneme, for which its goodness of fit may range from
excellent to poor
• 2. Uncategorized consonant or vowel that falls somewhere in between native phonemes (i.e., is
roughly similar to two or more phonemes). Uncategorized non-native phones can be further sorted:
• a) Two Category assimilation - a non-native sound may assimilate to two phonetically similar
native phones
• b) Single Category assimilation - two non-native phones assimilate equally well or poorly to
a single native phone
• 3. Non-assimilable sound that bears no detectable similarity to any native phonemes
language. Thus,
native phonology strongly affects non-native phonology as non-native
phonemes are perceptually assimilated to native ones whenever possible.
However, PAM also takes into consideration the learner’s perception of
difference between L2 sounds in this process. According to PAM, there are
three ways in which an L2 sound can be perceptually assimilated to an L1
sound:
– as a category exemplar of a native sound with a varying degree of goodness
of fit;
– as an uncategorised sound that is in-between some native categories;
– as a non-assimilable non-speech which is not similar to any native category.
age as a factor
the Critical
Period Hypothesis. FLEGE / asher and garcia
but on the other hand: there is some research that confirm that age does not influence the acquisition f of the
sound… -> Nikolov 2000
also which is interesting there are different periods of the age that have been claimed as prerequisite for L2
phonology.