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β blockers
Labetalol Bisoprolol Atenolol Methyldopa Digoxin
These are commonly
used by pregnant When used near term: Fetal hypoglycaemia When used in second Mild neonatal Serum levels are
women. However, Fetal hypoglycaemia Fetal bradycardia and third trimester: hypotension. Avoid unreliable
organ-specific Fetal bradycardia Fetal hypoglycaemia post partum because
malformations are of the risk of postnatal
Fetal hypotension Fetal bradycardia depression
more prevalent in the
offspring of women Low birth weight
treated with
β blockers, and fetal
growth restriction
has been reported *
Calcium Nifedipine Verapamil Platelet Acetylsalicylic acid Clopidogrel
channel aggregation
Potential synergism Low dose aspirin safe
blockers with magnesium
Limited evidence inhibitors in early pregnancy, but
Limited evidence
Not associated sulphate can induce Well tolerated usually stopped at Safe in animal studies,
with an increased hypotension in 34–36 weeks. No but caution is advised.
incidence of mother and fetal teratogenic effects Stop one week before
congenital hypoxia reported anticipated delivery
anomalies in
humans
*
† ACE inhibitors = Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
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