CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Articles are articles that function to indicate a noun, whether it is a definite
noun, obvious or certain or nouns that are uncertain, not clear or not
necessarily. There are several types of articles / articles in English that is a, an
and the. Article a is used in front of a noun whose first letter is a consonant
letter (dead letter). Example of consonant letters: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p,
q, r, s, t, v, w, x, z. The article is used in front of the noun whose first letter is
the vowel. Sample vowels: a, i, u, e, o. Furthermore, the article is used in
singular and plural sentences and can also be followed by countable nouns or
uncountable noun nouns.

The words a, an and the are the types of word articles that fall into two
categories, namely definite and indefinite. The word includes definite which
means it is certain. While the words a and an including indifinite which
means uncertain or in general. We use the word when we want to state a
certain thing. The word a and an is used when we want to declare a thing that
is general or general.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is definition of article?
2. How function of definite article?
3. How function of indefinite article?
4. How function of zero article?

1.3 Writing Target

1. Students can explain the definition of the article.
2. Students can explain the function of definite article.
3. Students can explain the function of indefinite article.
4. Students can explain the function of zero article.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Pengertian Artikel

Artikel adalah kata yang digunakan untuk memodifikasi kata benda, yaitu
orang, tempat, objek, atau gagasan. Secara teknis, artikel adalah kata sifat,
yang merupakan kata yang memodifikasi kata benda. Biasanya kata sifat
memodifikasi kata benda melalui deskripsi, namun artikel digunakan untuk
menunjuk atau merujuk ke kata benda.

2.2 Jenis-Jenis Artikel

Ada dua jenis artikel yang gunakan dalam penulisan dan percakapan untuk
merujuk pada kata benda atau kelompok kata benda yaitu definite article dan
indefinite article.
a. Definite Article
Definite artinya jelas, pasti, tentu. Artikel ini digunakan untuk sesuatu
yang khusus atau spesifik. Artikel ini adalah kata 'the', dan itu mengacu
langsung ke kata benda atau kelompok kata benda tertentu.
Contoh:
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Andy: Hi, Lucy.

Lucy: Hi, Andy.
Andy: How was your exam just now?
Lucy: I don’t know about the result. But I am sure that I can pass the test.
Andy: Can you share with me the hint of the test?
Lucy: I am sorry, Andy. But teacher Lisa told us not to share anything
about the test with the others.
Andy: Owwww…….. So bad.

Pada contoh kalimat di atas, artikel the menunjukkan bahwa benda itu
spesifik atau khusus. Pembicara dan lawan bicara sudah mengetahui
benda yag dibicarakan.
Penggunaan artikel the yaitu sebagai berikut:
1. The dapat digunakan dengan kata-kata same, second, next, only, last.
Contoh:
Sopi : Well it’s an amazing Sunday, isn’t it?
Dian : Yeahh it’s true, and this weekend will be our last amazing
weekend.
Sopi : Why?
Dian : the next week we gonna have a final exam. I am afraid if
I can’t pass the exam.
Sopi : No, you will. If you study with all of your effort, you will
definitely pass the exam.
Dian : hahaha yaah I know, but feel lazy to study that hard.
Sopi :Then if you do so, you know the answer.

2. The digunakan dengan superlative

Contoh:
Ratna : what do you think about miss world?
Via : I think miss world is the most beautiful woman in the
world.
Ratna : yes, I think so
3. The dapat digunakan menunjuk a group people (sekumpulan orang)
Contoh:
Bila : Do you believe about the blind have the sixth sense?
Nadin : yes, but not all the blind have the sixth sense.

4. The digunakan untuk menunjukkan kebangsaan atau orang-orang dari

Negara itu.
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Contoh:
Nina : hai Andi how are you?
Andi : hai, im fine.
Nina : Andi I want to ask you something
Andi : okay
Nina : do you know what the French favourite food?
Andi : yes I know, the French like eat chesee.
Nina : oke thank you Andi
Andi : you’re welcome
5. The digunakan di depan samudera (ocean), laut (sea), sungai (river),
teluk (gulf), kumpulan pulau, rangkaian pegunungan, nama gurun.
Contoh:
Dinda : (read a book)
Siska : what are you doing dinda?
Dinda : Im looking for something....
Siska : what is that???
Dinda : look the Sahara Desert have beautiul scenery
Siska : yeah you’re right
6. The tidak digunakan untuk nama bulan, nama hari, nama universitas,
bahan kimia, nama jalan, nama danau, nama kota dan Negara.
Contoh:
Gogot : hai, can I seat here?
Andro : ooh of course, please. what your name?
Gogot : my name is Gogot, and you?
Andro : I’m Andro. Where do you come from Gogot?
Gogot : I’m from Lampung, and I’m a student of Yogyakarta
University. How about you ?
Andro : we are same I’m from Lampung and I’m a tourgade in
Borobudure castle.
Gogot : oke nice to meet you Andro
Andro : nice to meet you too.

b. Indefinite Article
Indefinite article adalah kata 'a' dan 'an'. Sebagai artikel, a dan an bisa
berarti sebuah, seorang, sehelai, sesuatu, seekor, dan lain sebagainya.
Masing-masing artikel ini digunakan untuk merujuk pada kata benda,
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namun kata benda yang dimaksud bukanlah orang, tempat, objek, atau
gagasan tertentu. Bisa jadi kata benda dari kelompok kata benda.
Indefinite artinya sesuatu yang tidak tentu, belum pasti,dan tidak spesifik
atau khusus. Misalnya I have a book at home. Jika menggunakan a book
artinya lawan pembicara tidak mengetahui buku mana yang dibicarakan,
karena banyak jenis buku yang berada di rumah.
Contoh:
a book (sebuah buku)
a appel (sebuah apel)
a cat (seekor kucing)
a leaf (sehelai daun)
an hour (sejam)
Pengunaan artikel a dan an sebagai berikut:
1. Artikel adalah kata sandang. Artikel a digunakan di depan kata yang
di awali konsonan atau huruf mati seperti b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p,
q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
Contoh:
Yunita : why were you late?
Dewi : my motorcycle got flat tire, yun.
Yunita : good, you’re on time today. It’s just eigth thirty.
Dewi : what!! Are you serious? What time did the program
begin?
Yunita : nine fifteen. Don’t you have a watch
Dewi : no, my watch’s broken.
2. Artikel an digunakan di depan kata yang diawali huruf vocal atau
huruf hidup seperti a, i, u, e, o.

Contoh:
Sisca : Good morning. (Selamat pagi.)
Nurse : Good morning. How can i help you?
Sisca : I have an appointment with doctor Brian at 5 o’clock.
Nurse : Let me check first. What is your registered ID, mam?
Sisca : It is 0123-45678 and my name is Sisca Irawan.
Nurse : Ok, please follow me.
Sisca : Thank you.
3. Kata-kata tertentu menggunakan an walapun di mulai dengan
konsonan, karena awal kata berbunyi huruf vocal.
Contoh:
Mita : How is the weather today?
Susi : I think, it’s going to rain soon.
Mita : I think so. But I have to go anyway.
Susi : Mit, you’d better to take an umbrella.
Mita : Thanks for your suggestion. I’ll take my raincoat too.
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4. Kata-kata tertentu menggunakan a walaupun dimulai dengan huruf

hidup atau vowel, tetapi suara dari awal kata menghasilkan suara
kosonan.
Contoh:
Ana : hai, ani?
Ani : hai, ana. How are you?
Ana : fine
Ani : long time no see. where are you study now?
Ana : I study at a university of Lampung.
Ani : we are same
5. Artikel a dan an digunakan untuk menunjukkan benda atau orang
yang tidak spesifik.
Contoh:
Ajeng : jeng, I heard you and rani went to the supermarket
yesterday?
Rani : yes, where you know?
Ajeng : I saw you and rani in supermarket yesterday.
Rani : why not call us?
Ajeng : I am sorry, I was in a hurry. What do you buy at the
supermarket?
Rani : yesterday,we bought an apple.
Ajeng : so delicious.

6. Artikel a dan an tidak boleh di gunakan di depan uncountable noun.

Contoh:
Dinda : what do you want to drink?
Ara : we want drink a water?
Dinda : ara, the sentence you said was wrong.
Ara : why? Where lies the error?
Dinda : you say a water, but the true is we drink is water.
Ara : oke, thanks notifying me.
Dinda :no problem.
7. Artikel a dan an tidak boleh digunakan di depan plural noun atau kata
benda jamak, karena artikel a an digunakan untuk singular noun atau
kata benda tunggal.
Contoh:
Andra : I heard you and anto went to the mall.
Anto : yes, I buys bags
8. Artikel a an an digunakan untuk mengatakan kecepatan, harga, rasio.
Contoh:
Desti : sucy, do you have a book ?
Sucy : yes, I have.
Desti : I want to buy book. What is the price of the book ?
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Sucy : The book is Rp.2500, a book

Desti : Okay sucy, thank you.

c. Zero artikel
Zero artikel biasanya digunakan apabila sesuatu tidak bisa di bedakan
antara definite atau indefinite. Zero artikel adalah peniadaan artikel
sebelum kata benda tersebut.
Penggunaan zero artikel yaitu:
1. Zero artikel digunakan didepan kata jamak yang bisa dihitung.
Contoh:
Desti : what fruit do you like ?
Tasya : I like apples. And you ?
Desti : I like peneapples.
Tasya : yes, I like too it.
2. Zero artikel juga di gunakan di depan kata tunggal yang tidak dapat di
hitung.
Contoh:
Agustin : what do you like fried rice, desti ?
Desti : No, I dont like it, because I like grilled chicken. And you ?
Agusti : I like meatballs
3. Zero artikel digunakan di depan kata khusus atau diri.
Contoh:
Arman : What’s your name?
Rudi : My name is Rudi. What’s yours?”
Arman : Mine is Arman.
Rudi : Where do you live.
Arman : I live in Pasar Minggu, and you?
Rudi : I live in Pondok Labu.
Arman : It’s nice to meet you.
Rudi : It’s nice to meet you too.
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
The use of articles can be said to be easy, but difficult. Knowing the rules of
use of articles daam english language can facilitate us in stringing sentences,
either in writing or daily conversation. The use of articles a, an, the, and zero
articles have different rules. A good understanding of the structure of English
is helpful in completing the exam.

3.2 Sugestion
The material that has been described above in our opinion is quite important
and hopefully can be useful for the reader, therefore the readers in order to
practice or apply it both in writing and conversation. And do not stop here in
learning the material in the English article, because there are many more
materials that can readers learn from the papers and other books.
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REFERENCE

Ririanti.(2012).Penggunaan artikel a an the dalam bahasa inggris. Diakses pada:

https://koesindririanti.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/penggunaan-artikel-
article-the-a-an-dalam-bahasa-inggris pada tanggal 11 Maret 2018 Pukul
13.56 WIB.

Sofyan.F.(2013).The Best English Grammar For Toefl.Jakarta:Pustaka Tarbiyah

Baru.

Yusuf.dkk.(2006). Bahasa Inggris.Bandung:UPI PRESS