LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical Low Voltage Systems

Designs
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Types of Electricity Supply

Maximum capacity Volt Circuit Arrangement

(kVA) (V) (phase) (wire)

23 230 1 2

2,000 400 3 4

30,000 22,000 3 3

>30,000 66,000 3 3

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical single line diagram for 40A incoming

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical single line diagram for 60A incoming

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical single line diagram <100A

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical single line diagram

between 100A and 300A

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Typical single line
diagram with Z-CT
and earth leakage
relay (ELR)
protection
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical single line diagram

> 300A

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 Typical single line
diagram greater than
300A
(with DTL earth fault
and overcurrent relay
protection)
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical LV supply to shops/condo

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical LV supply to shops/condo

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical LV supply to Factory

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Typical LV supply to hotel building

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Typical LV supply
to highrise
building
Plug Setting <= 100%
of approved load,
Time Multiplier = 0.1
(for 22kV/400V
system)

Applicable to
DTL Relay.
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Maximum Demand, Diversity and Load

Listing
An installation can have many electrical equipment
connected but it is unlikely that all the installed load will be
turned on to FULL power at the SAME TIME.
Hence, the incoming electrical supply need not be sized to
the Installed load, rather to the Maximum Demand (MD) of
the installation
MD = Highest expected simultaneous load current
= Sum of Installed Load x Diversity Factor
Diversity Factor usually < 1 and based on experience and
information obtained. 18
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Rule of Thumb
Diversity Factors and Design Criteria
Types of circuits Diversity Allowance/Design Criteria
Lighting Circuits 80%
Flourescent Lights – x 1.8 to account for ballast loss
13A S/S/O 2A for each point
15A S/S/O 50% of rated current
Same type of fixed 100% full load current for largest circuit,
equipment the rest 50%
Design power factor 0.85
Efficiency x power factor 0.7 ( for motor)
If conditions unknown Assume CaCgCi = 0.8
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 LOAD LIST(1 Ø)
Project: Sheet No:
Switchboard/DB No:
Location:
Prospective short circuit current: kA Designer/Date:
Cct Description Designed Breaker Cable Diversified Remark
No Current, Rating, Size Current
Ib In (mm2) Demand

Overall Maximum Demand = Designed current =

Incoming circuit breaker rating = Incoming cable size =
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Example on Maximum Demand

A double storey terrace house with 230V single-

phase incoming supply has the following loads:
– 18 nos. 1x36W flourescent lighting points
– 2 nos. ceiling fans
– 18 nos.13A S/S/O
– 1 nos. 3kW instantaneous water heater
– 1 nos. 15A S/S/O for window air-con
– 1 nos. 15A S/S/O for oven
Make a load list and assess the maximum demand
for the house.Allow 10% for future expansion. 21
 LOAD LIST(1 Ø)
Project: Double Storey Terrace House Sheet No: 1
Switchboard/DB No: 1
Location: Store Room
Prospective short circuit current: 6 kA Designer/Date: David Lee / 8/8/2001
Cct Description Designed Breaker Cable Diversified Remark
No Current, Ib Rating, Size Current
(A) In (mm2) Demand
1 6 nos 13A S/S/O 12 20 2.5 12 2A per pt
2 6 nos 13A S/S/O 12 20 2.5 12 2A per pt
3 6 nos 13A S/S/O 12 20 2.5 12 2A per pt
4 6 nos 36W F/F 1.7 6 1.5 1.4 80% DF
5 12 nos 36W F/F +ceiling
fans (assumed 100W) 4.3 6 1.5 3.4 80% DF
6 3 kW water heater 13 16 2.5 13 100% 1st FE
7 1 nos 15A S/S/O (A/C) 15 16 2.5 7.5 50%
8 1 nos 15A S/S/O (oven) 15 16 2.5 7.5 50%

Overall Maximum Demand = 68.8A Designed current = 68.8 x 1.1 = 75.7A

Incoming circuit breaker rating = 100A Incoming cable size = 25 mm2 (cpc =16mm2)
 LOAD LIST(3 Ø)
Project: Sheet No:
Switchboard No:
Location:
Prospective short circuit current: Designer/Date:

Cct Description Designe Breake Cable Designed Current / Remark

No d r Size Phase
Current Rating, (mm2) R Y B
Ib In

Incoming circuit breaker rating = MD (R) =

Incoming cable size = MD (Y) =
Overall Maximum Demand = MD (B) =
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Rule of Thumb sizing of circuit breakers,

cables and busbars
Circuit Breaker HDHC Busbar Phase CPC
Ratings (A) dimension conductor size (mm2)
(MCB/MCCB) (mm x mm) (mm2)
6 or 10 NA 1.5 2.5
16 NA 2.5 2.5
20 NA 2.5 2.5
32 NA 6 or 4 6 or 4
40 NA 10 10
60 25 x 4 25 25
HDHC – Hard Drawn High Conductivity Busbar sizing based on 1.55A/mm2 25
LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Rule of Thumb sizing of circuit breakers,

cables and busbars (cont)
Circuit Breaker HDHC Busbar Phase CPC
Ratings (A) dimension conductor size (mm2)
(MCCB) (mm x mm) (mm2)
100 25 x 6.3 50 25
150 25 x 6.3 70 35
200 31.5 x 6.3 120 70
250 40 x 6.3 150 70
300 40 x 10 185 70
400 63 x 6.3 240 70
630 63 x 10 500 70
800 80 x 10 630 70
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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Fault Level at Incoming Low Voltage

Switchgear
Fault Level at Supply Supply Types of
LT Switchgear Capacity Capacity Supply
(kA) (KVA)
36 180 to 1000 ~ 300A to 1500A 3Ø

25 75 to 180 ~ 100A to 300A 3Ø

9 23 to 75 ~ 30A to 100A 3Ø

6 23 Up to 100A 1Ø

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LV Typical Designs – Lee CW

Direct Acting Trip Setting for incoming

breaker
Approved Load Direct Acting Trip Setting
Above 1500A <= 4500A
400A < Approved Load <= <= 3200A
1500A
260A < Approved Load <= 400A <= 2400A
200A < Approved Load <= 260A <= 2000A
<= 200A <= 1200A
Alternatively, HRC Fuse (BS88) may be provided.

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