ART

APPRECIATION
 LESSON 4:
ELEMENTS
AND PRINCIPLE
OF
ARTS
2
 LINE:
Kinds of Line

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 LINE

◎ Path made by a moving point

◎ Series of dots
◎ Prolongation of points
◎ Mark made by an artist to convey
meaning beyond its physical
description

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STRAIGHT LINES
◎ May move from left to right,
start from the top going down,
slant or move up and down
forming angles

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A. HORIZONTAL LINES
◎ Move from left to right or vice
versa. Lines that appears to be
laying down.
◎ Implies calmness, serenity and
rest.

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B. VERTICAL LINES
◎ Start from bottom going up or
vice versa
◎ Line that appears to be
standing
◎ Suggests balance, strength and
stability
◎ Also indicates poise and
independence
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C. DIAGONAL LINES
◎ Slanting lines
◎ Suggest two meanings: positive
and negative
◎ Positive: action and movement
– to go forward and act
◎ Negative: feelings of
uncertainty, stress or defeat.
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D. ZIGZAG LINES
◎ Angular lines that resulted due
to abrupt change in the
direction.
◎ Unpleasant and harsh which
portrays tension, conflict, chaos
or violence.

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CURVED LINES
◎ Found in nature particularly in
living organisms
◎ Suggests grace, movement and
flexibility – life and energy

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COLOR

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 COLOR
◎ Property of light

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 COLOR:
Properties of
Color

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 a. HUE
◎ Name given to the color
◎ RED, YELLOW, BLUE are called
primary hues.
◎ ORANGE, GREEN, VIOLET are
called secondary hues. (2 primary hues)

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 b. VALUE
◎ Lightness and darkness of colors
◎ Value of any hue can be changed
by adding a neutral such as black or
white
◎ When black is combined with a hue,
a shade is produced, when white is
added to it, a tint results.
◉ Maroon is a shade, pink is a tint
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18
 c. INTENSITY
◎ Brightness and dullness of a color
◎ Gives color its strength
◎ Colors differ in intensity or
vividness.
◎ When white is added, color
becomes lighter in value
◎ Black is added - intensity
diminishes. 19
20
HOW COLORS
RELATE

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MONOCHROMATIC
HARMONY
Results when single color in the
composition is varied in
intensity and value by adding
white or black

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COMPLEMENTARY
HARMONY
Two colors that are opposite each
other in the color wheel are
placed side by side
-RED & GREEN
-YELLOW & VIOLET
-BLUE & ORANGE

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ANALOGOUS
HARMONY
Hues that are adjacent or beside
each other in the color wheel is
used in a composition
-RED, ORANGE & YELLOW
-BLUE, BLUE VIOLET & VIOLET

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COLOR
TEMPERATURE
Relative warmth or coolness of color

-Warm Colors – yellow as dominant

-Cool Colors – blue as dominant

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ACHROMATIC VALUE
Changes in amount of reflected light
which ranges from black to gray to
white and vice versa.

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 SHAPE:
CLASSIFICATION
OF SHAPES

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SHAPES
Formed when end of two lines
meets to enclose an area.
May be flat or two-dimensional or
three-dimensional

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a. NATURAL OR
ORGANIC SHAPES
Seen in nature like the shapes of
leaves, animals, mountains,
flowers and seashells

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b. ABSTRACT SHAPES
Have little or no resemblance to
natural objects

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c. NON-OBJECTIVE or
BIOMORPHIC SHAPES
Seldom have reference to
recognizable objects, but most
often show a similarity to some
organic forms

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d. GEOMETRIC SHAPES
Triangles, rectangles, squares,
cylinders, cubes

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TEXTURE

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TEXTURE
Refers to the feel or tactile quality
of the surface of an object
Adds richness and vitality in
paintings

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 SPACE:
Methods of
Creating
Space
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SPACE
Illusion in the graphic arts
Created by techniques that adds
depth and distance in the 2D
arts

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a. OVERLAPPING PLANES
(INTERPOSITION)
Create space when an object
covers a part of another object
which is behind it.

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b. Relative Size
Objects that appear large/big
indicates nearness and small
sized objects as distant
Large – overpowering
Small – insignificant

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c. Position on the picture
plane (Relative Height)
Objects that appear large/big
indicates nearness and small
sized objects as distant
Bottom – closer
Top – farther

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d. Perspective
Effect of distance on the
appearance of objects
Enables viewers to perceive
distance and to see the position
of objects in space

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MOVEMENT

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MOVEMENT
-Actual Movement
-Implied Movement

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Actual
Movement

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Implied
Movement

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ELEMENTS OF
THE
COMBINED
ARTS
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RHYTHM
Movement or pattern with
uniform recurrence of accented
or unaccented beat

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MELODY
Succession of tones arranged in
such a way as to give it a
musical sense
Refer to the rising and falling of
the tune in time

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HARMONY
Sounding of a series or group of
tones at the same time. Refer
to the pleasing sound that is
produced when two or more
notes are played together.
Concordance – sounds good
Dissonance – sounds bad

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TIMBRE
Tonal quality or the character of
the tone that is produced by an
instrument or by the human
voice.
Allows the listener to distinguish
between sound of guitar and
violin

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FORM
Structure or framework of a
composition

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 VOCAL FORMS
-OPERA
drama set to music complete with
actions, costumes and scenery
-CANTATA
religious story told in music without
actions
-MORO
Philippine drama set to music which
depicts the conflict between the
Christians and the Muslims
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 INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
-SONATA
long composition for solo instruments
(piano or violin)
-SYMPHONY
sonata for the orchestra

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DYNAMICS
Loudness and softness of the
sound in music indicated by
symbols to regulate the volume
of the sound

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ELEMENTS OF
DANCE

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MUSIC
Plays an important role in the
dance to which it is closely
related.
Should be melodic and
harmonious and fits into the
movements of the dance.

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MOVEMENT
How the dancers use their bodies
to move and create organized
patterns.

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CHOREOGRAPHY
Refers to how the steps and
movements are connected for it
to be performed in an
organized manner

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TECHNIQUE
Skill of the dancer in executing the
movements

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THEME
Content or the main ingredient of
the dance. Tells what the dance
is trying to convey. Message of
the dance

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DESIGN
Planned organization or patterns
of movement in time and space

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COSTUME
Type of dance performed and the
costumes worn relate closely to
the customs, beliefs and
environment of the people.
Enhances the effect of dance.

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ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA

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PLOT
Over-all structure of the play.
Concerned with what the story
is all about.
Has beginning, middle and ending

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a. EXPOSITION
Part that familiarizes the audience
with the characters and the
situation they are in. introduces
the setting of the story.
Initiates the development of the
conflict.

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b. COMPLICATION
Happens in the middle part of the
play which develops the conflict
that was started in the
exposition.
As the conflict develops, it
reaches a height called climax

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c. RESOLUTION
Also called as the anticlimax or the
part where conditions in the
story are normalized and the
situation becomes stable.

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SETTING
Locale and period in which the
story takes place
Includes the scenery, props and
costumes used in staging .
Background of the play that
informs the audience where
and when the story will take
place.
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CHARACTERS
People involved in the story.
They may seem to be real to the
audience depending on how
the playwright structures the
dialogues to make the
character come to life.
-Protagonist
-Antagonist
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DIALOGUE
Refers to the words uttered by
characters in the story.
It is what the characters used in
conversing.

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THEME
What the story means. How the
individual elements are put
together to give the story
significance and perspective.

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