OKTAVIALDI KHAIRUL ISNI

04211541000027

SALSABILLA ANNISA RENGGANIS

04211541000044

SONIA MASANJA NOVELITA

04211541000053

SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
Oil-Water Separator System

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF OCEAN ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE SEPULUH NOPEMBER OF TECHNOLOGY
2018
I. INTRODUCTION
I.1 DEFINITION OF AUTOMATION

The improvement of technology sector especially in the world of electronics and ICT
technology has been increasing lately especially in the industrial application. To fulfill the terms
of efficient, the industrial sector needs to work quickly, optimally and has to be accurately
effective in fulfilling the criteria. To fulfill those requirement, it is not possible if we still depend
on the ability of human resources in controlling and operating every single thing in industry
manually since their capability have their own limits, different accuracy and not similar
characteristics.

So, the automation system is something which is necessary to be installed and planted
in different systems to support the operations in industrial activity. The automation system are
also currently well developed in different aspects like technology, configuration, capacity and
capability. The system needs to be universal and flexible so it can be well implemented in tiny
until massive industry. Interpreted from the Greek language, Automation comes from the word
“Automotos” which means the self-moving which gives the mean of state. The word of
automation appeared in 1936 at the first time by D.S. Harder and has been developing since
1952. So, automation is the concept where technologies are related to mechanical application,
electronic system and computerized system in operational and controlling process of
production.

As well as being functioned to reduce the load of people to work in industrial sector,
the automation system is now already popular to be involved in maritime industry as well.
Different installations of supporting system on board has been automated to reduce the work
of ship crews and increase the accuracy of ship’s operational. One of the application can be
found in the Oily Water System that can be explained in this paper.
I.2 DEFINITION OF OIL-WATER SEPARATOR SYSTEM

In operational of a vessel, bilge water is well known with two different types that are
classified with its source of water, which are: Clean Bilge System and Oily Water System. The
clean bilge system is the system which focuses on the leaking water in common decks and cargo
spaces meanwhile the oily water system are coming from the place where oils are possibly exist
in high amont. Oily Water System comes from running machinery like diesel generators, air
compressors and main propulsion system.

In the system, the Oily Water Separator is required to process the water before being
expelled out of the board. It detects the amount of oil inside the water and process the water
which is not having reached certain standards which is 15 ppm. An oily water separator system
is a system which process the oily bilge water which is sucked near the machinery space or oil
cargo hold. Because of the processed water will be containing oil and water, so the pump which
is required is a gear pump. The vital equipment that must be equipped in the system is oil water
separator which is supported a with Oil Control Monitor to check the amount of oil contained
in the water. It also detects the water whether it is ready to be discharged or not by a standard.
If the oil content exceed 15 ppm, so it has to be separated again, and if it is below, than it can
be discharged through the overboard so the sea will not be polluted.

With the primary purpose can be said as to separate oil and other contaminants that
could be harmful for the oceans. The International Maritime Organizations (IMO) publishes
regulations through the Marine Protection Committee (MEPC) which issued new regulations
that each vessel built after the date of July 18, 2003 has to follow. The document which is issued
known as MEPC 107(49) and it revised guidelines and specifications for pollution prevention
equipment for machinery space bilges of ships. Each OWS must be able to achieve clean bilge
water under 15 ppm of type C oil or heavily emulsified oil and any other contaminates that may
be found. All oil content monitors (OCM) must be tamper-proof and also whenever the OWS is
being cleaned out the OCM must be active. The system also must be able to clear ot
contaminants as well as oil. Some of these contaminating agents include lubricating oil,
cleaning product, soot from combustion, fuel oil, rust, sewage, and several other things that
are considered to be harmful for the ocean environment
II. OBJECTIVES

The things that we must understand about OWS System are:

1. Understand the function of bilge system in engine room using the oily water separator.
2. Understand about the rules which is capable to regulate about the oil water separator.
3. Knowing what the components used in the system.
4. Designing the bilge system in engine room using the oily water separator.
5. Calculate the holding tank and sludge tank capacity.
6. Calculate the pump used in the oily-bilge water system.
7. Determining the pipe and pump which are match to the system design.

III. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

As we know that Oil-Water Separator (OWS) is a particular system that has a function
relating to the bilge system, but it is quite different with the main bilge system in the cargo
holds. Because the the OWS system that is located in the engine room, the excess water has
been contaminated by the oil from the engine room, pump room, lube oil, and the other
potential contaminations. Before the excess water will be discharged from the ship, the sea
water has to be treated first by the OWS. An oily water separator is a piece of equipment
specific to the shipping or marine used. It is used to separate oil and water mixture into their
separate components. This discharge of waste must comply with the requirements laid out in
MARPOL 73/78 Annex I. So, it can be a safe water that can be thrown directly to the overboard
into the sea.
 This oily bilge system is normally used in the engine room and the rules and regulation
based on BKI Volume III Section 11 and will be explained in the design requirements below. The
pump used in this system is gear pump because the sludge or the dirt in this area has already
contaminated with the oil and other contaminants, so the viscosity of this fluid from the sludge
tank is higher. And the sludge from the sluge tank will be discharge to the International Shore
Connection.

III.1 SUPPORTING COMPONENTS

Oil-Water Separator consists of mainly three segments :
a. Separator Units
- This unit consists of catch plates which are inside a coarse separating compartment
and oil collecting chamber
- Here are the oil having a density which is lower than that of the water, which
makes the former rise into the oil collecting compartment and the rest of the non-
flowing oil mixture settle down into fine settling compartment after pasing
between the catch plates
 - After a period of time, more oil will separate and collect into the oil collecting
chamber. The oil content of water which passes through this units 100 ppm
- A control valve (pneumatic or electronic) releases the separated oil into the
designed OWS sludge tank
- The heater may be incorporated in this unit for smooth flow and separation of oil
and water
- A heater may be incorporated in this unit either on the middle or sometimes in the
bottom part of the unit (depending upon the area of operation and capacity of the
separator equipment) for smooth flow and separation of oil and water
- The first stage helps in removing some physical impurities o achieve fine filtration
in the later stage

b. The Filter Unit

- This is a separate unit whose input comes from the discharge of the first unit
- This unit consists of three stages-filter stage, coalesce stange and collecting
chamber
- The impurities and particles are separated by the filter and are settled at the
bottom for removal
- In the second stage, coalesce induces coalescence process in which oil droplets are
joined to increase the size by breaking down the surface tension between oil
droplets in the mixture
- These large oil molecules rise above the mixture in the collecting chamber and are
removed when required
- The output from this unit should be less than 15 ppm to fulfill legal discharge
criteria based on the rules and regulations
- A freshwater inlet connection is also provided to the filter until to clean and flush
the filter. This is usually done before and after the operation of oil separator unit

c. Oil Content Monitor and Control Unit

- This unit functions together in two parts-monitoring and controlling
- The ppm of oil is continuously monitored by Oil Control Monitor (OCM), if the ppm
is high it will an alarm and feed the data to the control unit
 - The control unit continuously monitors output signal of OCM and if alarm arises, it
will not allow the oily water to go overboard by means the oprating 3-way solenoid
valve
- There are normally 3 solenoid valves commanded by the control unit. These are
located in the first unit oil collecting chamber, second unit oil collecting chamber
and one in the discharge side of the oily water separator which is 3-way valve
- The 3-way valve inlet is from the OWS discharge, where one outlet is to overboard
and the second outlet is to OWS sludge tank
- When OCM gives an alarm, 3-way valve discharges oily mixtures in the sludge tank

A small pipe connection of freshwater can be provided to the OCM unit for flushing.
Whenever this line is in use, an alarm is sounded and recorded in the OCM log, ensurng
a record to check the discharge valve was shut during this period.

III.2 AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN OWS

Based on the complexity of an installation, a well-designed automation can save many
hours of work. An elaborated automation also allows to monitor varous spaces parameters and
interventions, makingit more easy to understand the process and to recognize changes in an
early stage. OWS can provide assistance with regard to :
 1. Improvemet of automated controls
2. Data management
3. Long-distance control and intervention

III.3 DESIGN DECRIPTION

This P&ID diagram are generally applied in mostly all vessels in the industry. The design
of oily water system starts from the suction of oily water bilge from the machinery spaces where
most oil leaks occur. The oily water will sucked with gear pump in which has been equipped with
pressure indicator to know the pressure of the inlet and outlet of the surroundings as well with
the safety valve to prevent the broken pump when the it is over pressured. There will be two
choices for the fluid to be transferred which are: to go to the oily bilge holding tank or directly
goes to oil water separator.

Oil Controller : Actuator : Plant : Water which

separate Hadnwheel Disk of three Water fulfills the
d water of three way valve IMO
way valve Regulation

Sensor :
OCM

The oily bilge holding tank will be used for holding the fluid which is still a mixture of oil
and water. The oily bilge holding tank will accommodate the fluid which are has not fulfilled the
requirements/standards for the oil control monitor and clean enough to be discharged out of
the vessel. So when the sensor of oil control monitor detects the fluid (plant that we control) is
not fulfilling the criteria, the three way valve (actuator) of the system will open one of its channel
automatically which goes back to the oily bilge holding tank. Meanwhile, if the oily water
separator has properly done its job and separate the water and contaminants respectively, the
three way valve will open its channel automatically to the overboard and the water is ready to
be discharged. The oil water separator itself also works with centrifugal principle in which that
the oil will be held in the sludge tank meanwhile the water will be checked whether it has fulfill
the requirement of oil control monitor (OCM) to be possibly being discharged out of the vessel.

III.4 PICTURE ATTACHMENT

( will be attached in the last page of this paper)
IV. CLOSING STATEMENT
IV.1 CONCLUSION
Oily-Water Separator is one of necessary equipments installed on board in a range of
400 GT and above as the requirements from the MARPOL 73/78 Annex I and Classification
Society. The bigger ship and main engine that a vessel has, the bigger risk of oil pollution and
oil spill occur in the sea environment. So, OWS is high recommended, because inside OWS there
isi a system supporting this purpose and it uses automation principle. A we can see that OWS
has 3 kind of system segmentations which are Separation Units, Filter Units, and also Oil Control
Monitor and Control Unit.
The automation system is something which is necessary to be installed and planted in
different systems to support the operations in industrial activity. The automation system are
also currently well developed in different aspects like technology, configuration, capacity and
capability. The system needs to be universal and flexible so it can be well implemented in tiny
until massive industry.

IV.2 REFERENCES
Introduction to Marine Engineering by D.A. Taylor
MARPOL 73/78 ANNEX I : About Oil Pollution
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/ows/oily-water-separator-construction-and-working/
https://sahputra1410.blogspot.co.id/2017/10/fungsi-dan-cara-kerja-oil-water.html
https://www.google.co.id/search?dcr=0&source=hp&ei=cuafWrK5EcTZvASciYngBg&q=OWS+c
omponents&oq=OWS+components&gs_l=psy-
ab.3...16347.21333.0.21729.15.13.0.0.0.0.204.1308.2j7j1.10.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-
ab..5.9.1098.0..0j35i39k1j0i131k1j0i203k1j0i13i30k1j0i22i10i30k1j0i8i13i30k1j0i13i5i30k1.0.9
QXueY5rKFs
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.co.id