STOICHIOMETRY

Reactants and Product

Converting grams to moles
Balancing Equation
Emperical and Molecular formula
Gas molar volume

Samuel / 7 Damascus


What is STOICHIOMETRY?

is the
calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total

mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

stoichiometry
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In a chemical reaction, substances (elements and/or compounds) called
reactants are changed into other substances (compounds and/or elements)
called products.
Reactants→Products
For example, take a look at the reaction that occurs when you light your
natural gas range. Methane (natural gas) reacts with the oxygen in the
atmosphere to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. The chemical
equation that represents this reaction is written like this:

Our Salt? NaCl?

It also come from a product of Sodium and Chloride

Converting grams to moles

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Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in
conversions. Converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the
conversion factor.

For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one
would do the following

stoichiometry
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Balancing Equation

Stoichiometry is often used to balance chemical equations (reaction

stoichiometry).
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

Reaction stoichiometry describes the 2:1:2 ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and

water molecules in the above equation.

stoichiometry
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Emperical Formula

Empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest positive integer

ratio of atoms present in a compound.
Example :
48.64% carbon (C)
8.16% hydrogen (H)
43.20% oxygen (O).
Step 1: Change each percentage to an expression of the mass of each element
in grams. That is, 48.64% C becomes 48.64 g C, 8.16% H becomes 8.16 g H,
and 43.20% O becomes 43.20 g O.
Step 2: Convert the amount of each element in grams to its amount in moles.

Step 3: Divide each of the resulting values by the smallest of these

values (2.7)

Step 4: If needed, multiply the numbers by integers in order to get whole

numbers and must be done to all of them.
Carbon : 1.5x2 = 3
Hydrogen : 3x2 = 6
Oxygen : 1x2 = 2
Thus, the empirical formula of methyl acetate is C3H6O2. This formula also
happens to be methyl acetate's molecular formula.

stoichiometry
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Molecular Formula

An expression which states the number and type of atoms present in a

molecule of a substance. The molecular formula of a compound lists all the
elements and the number of atoms of each element that actually make up the
compound.
Example:
The simplest formula for vitamin C is C3H4O3. Experimental data
indicates that the molecular mass of vitamin C is about 176g. What is the
molecular formula of vitamin C?
First, calculate the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3. Look up the
atomic masses for the elements from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses
are C = 12 H = 1 O = 16

Adding in these numbers, the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3 is:
3(12.0) + 4(1.0) + 3(16.0) = 88.0
This means the molar mass of vitamin C is 88.0. Compare the molar
mass (88.0) to the approximate molecular mass (176). The molecular mass is
twice the formula mass (176/88 = 2.0), so the simplest formula must be
multiplied by 2 to get the molecular formula:

molecular formula vitamin C = 2 x C3H4O3 = C6H8O6

stoichiometry
samuel
 Gas Molar Volume

The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance at a
given temperature and pressure. It has the SI unit of cubic decimetres per mole
(dm3/mol).

V=nŊVmolar

Vmolar at
STP (Standard Temperature Pressure) = 22.4 L/Mol
RTP (Room Temperature Pressure) = 24 L/Mol

NOTES !! L = dm3

What is the volume of 3.5 g of hydrogen in RTP?

Hydrogen exists as H2 molecules, so Mr(H2) = 2, so 1 mole or formula mass in g = 2 g

so moles of hydrogen = 3.5/2 = 1.75 mol H2

so volume H2 = mol H2 x molar volume = 1.75 x 24 = 42 dm3 (or 42000 cm3)

stoichiometry
samuel