Week 7 – Plant Structure & Function

Points for the Week

 2 PPP
 Week 7 EC Quiz – Due by Saturday, October 13th, by 11:59 PM
 Fact or Fiction – Group 4 must submit statements by Saturday, October 6th, by 11:59 PM
 Fact or Fiction EC Quiz – Due Saturday, October 6th, by 11:59 PM

Basic Plant Structure & Function

 ___________
o Anchor the plants and used for absorption
 ___________
o Support for the leaves
 ___________
o Collection and conversion of solar energy into food

Leaf Structure

 _____________
o Protective outer layer of leaf; upper and lower epidermis
 ____________
o Layer of wax that waterproofs the leaf
 ____________
o Pores in the epidermis that regulate gas exchange; composed of guard cells
 _____________________
o Transport of water and nutrients
o Vascular bundle composed of ____________ and _____________
 _____________________
o Provides structure, storage, and support
o ________________
 Middle portion of the leaf; contains most of the _________________ cells
of the plant
Root Structure

 ______________
o Outermost layer of the root
o ________________
 Increase the surface area of the root
 Absorb water and minerals from the soil
 _____________
o Region between the epidermis and endodermis; composed of ground tissue
 ______________
o Layer of tissue deep in the cortex
o Filters substances before they enter vascular tissue
o _____________________
 Waxy band around the endodermis that “seals” it, ensuring all fluid is
filtered through
 Stele
o Center portion of the root which contains the vascular tissue

Stem Structure

Dicots Monocots

Epidermis Protective outermost layer. Protective outermost layer.

Center of the stem. Composed
Cortex
of _____________________
Bundles of xylem & phloem
Vascular Bundles that form a ring
________________________
Center of the stem. Composed
of ____________________.
Bundles of xylem & phloem
scattered
________________________

Plant Tissue Systems

 The ____________________ system is the outer covering of the plant

  The ____________________ system carries out photosynthesis, stores photosynthetic
products, and helps support the plant
 The ____________________ system conducts water and solutes throughout the plant

Vascular Tissue System

 _________________________:
o A _____________________________ that together make up the vascular system
o These vessels connect the organs of the plant
o Two main tissues:
 Xylem
 Cells organized into tubes that bring up _____________________
from the soil
 Phloem
 Cells organized into tubes that transport ____________________
(food in the from of sugars) to the body of the plant
 Sugars are obtained through _________________

Phloem Tissue

 Allows liquid sap containing _________________________________ elements to flow

throughout the plant
 Tissue is made of tubes composed of cells known as sieve-tube members, which lack
organelles
 __________________ and _________________ are LIVE cells at maturity
 Why do sieve-tube members lack organelles?
o A

Sieve-Tube Members

 Sieve-tube members partner with companion cells, which perform the vital functions
necessary for life, making up for the ____________________________
 Sieve-tube members are divided by ______________________ which contain pores
 __________________ enables transport and communication between cell walls
Xylem Tissue

 Composed of 2 types of cells, both of which are ______________________:

o ______________________
 Short, wide cells with no end walls
o _______________
 Long, thin cells with tapered ends and end walls

Xylem & Movement

 How does water get from underground roots to the uppermost leaves of the plant?
o Adhesion
 Hydrogen bonds ___________________ (clinging of unlike molecules)
o Cohesion
 Hydrogen bonds between ________________ (clinging of like molecules)

Ground Tissue

 Store ________________ and provide support

 Most cells in young plants are made of ground tissue
 Lies between vascular and dermal tissue

Plant Growth

 Two types of growth:

o ________________
 Growth in length
o ________________
 Growth in width
 Does not occur in first year of plant’s life

Primary Growth

 An embryonic tissue called meristem provides the cells needed to increase the
__________________________
 In primary growth, this tissue is called the ____________________
 o It lies at the extremities of the plant, both in the shoots and in the roots
 Primary growth occurs in all plants
 Why is primary growth important?
o Plants need to grow taller to be able to have plenty of access ___________ in
order to perform __________________

Secondary Growth

 At a certain point in its life cycle, the xylem gets clogged

 Without functional xylem the plant would ________________ because no water would
reach the rest of the plant body (exceptions exist)
 How is this resolved?
o Through _______________________
 Not all plants go through secondary growth
 Vascular cambium creates secondary xylem (_______) and secondary phloem (which
makes up the _______________________________)
 Cork cambium creates new layers of cork to the outside
 The vascular cambium increases the girth (width) of the plant
o Heartwood
 The ________________________
o __________
 The still functioning xylem tissue
 Relative to the vascular cambium:
o Xylem grows _____________
o Phloem grows _____________